IRC: 67-2011

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

ROAD SIGNS

(Third Revision)

INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS

October 8, 2011
 IRC: 67- 2011
Oct. 2011

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Road signs, which have the backing of law in India, are incorporated in the Motor
Vehicles Act, 1988.
1.2 The Motor Vehicles Act. 1988 has covered all the signs warranted by different
traffic situations. The designs of signs are fully dimensioned. Further, the signs have
uniformity, and mostly symbols are used to convey the message, especially in the case of
regulatory signs.
1.3 The IRC Code of Practice for Road Signs sets out the methodology to be followed
in the use, siting, construction and maintenance of the road signs for all categories of
roads including expressways. The road signs adopted in this code are in harmony with
Protocol on Road Signs and Signals of United Nations Conference on Road and Motor
Transport, 1949 and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, 1968.
1.4 The Second Revision of IRC Code of Practice for Road Signs was reviewed by
the Transport Planning, Traffic Engineering and Road Safety Committee of the Indian
Roads Congress in its meeting held on 13th October, 2010 based on comments received
from some members and it constituted a subgroup under the convenorship of Shri Nirmal
Jit Singh and including Shri D. P. Gupta, Dr. (Mrs) Geetam Tiwari and Shri S. B. Basu as
members to review the code and suggest modifications/amendments if any required. The
subgroup after deliberations further coopted Dr. Surender Mohan, Dr. P. K. Sikdar and
Shri Jacob George as members. The subgroup reviewed the code in detail and
restructured it by relating size and spacing of signs with respect to design speed of the
road, including guidelines for selection of retro-reflective sheeting, incorporating some
new signs and including illustrative examples of sign plans for different commonly
occurring situations. The modified code was considered by the Transport Planning,
Traffic Engineering and Road Safety Committee (Personnel given below) in its meeting
held on 13th September, 2011 and approved for forwarding to IRC for consideration by
the Highways Specification and Standards Committee after modifications based on
comments of the members.
Sharma, S. C. . Convenor
Gangopadhyay, Dr. S. . Co-Convenor
Velmurugan, Dr. S. . Member-Secretary

Members
Basu, S. B. Parida, Dr. M.
Bajpai, R. K. Raju, Dr. M. P.
Chandra, Dr. Satish Ranganathan, Prof. N.
Gaijria, Maj. Gen. K. T. Singh, Pawan Kumar
Gupta, D. P. Sikdar, Dr. P. K.
Gupta, Dr. Sanjay Singh, Nirmal Jit
Kadiyali, Dr. L. R. Singh, Dr. (Ms.) Raj
Kandasamy, C. Tiwari, Dr. (Ms.) Geetam
Kumar, Sudhir Jt. Comm. of Delhi Police
Mittal, Dr. (Mrs.) Nishi (Traffic) (Satyendra Garg)
Pal, Ms. Nimisha Director (Tech.), NRRDA
Palekar, R. C. (Dr. B.P. Chandrasekhar)
Rep. of E-in-C, NDMC

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Corresponding Members
Bahadur, A. P. Sarkar, J. R.
Reddy, Dr. T. S. Tare, Dr. (Mrs.) Vandana
Rao. Prof. K.V. Krishna

Ex-Officio Members
President, IRC
Director General (RD) & (Indoria, R.P.)
Spl. Secretary, MORTH

Secretary General, IRC (Indoria, R.P.)

1.5 The Highways Specifications and Standards Committee approved the draft in its
meeting held on 23rd September 2011. Subsequently the draft was ----- by the Executive
Committee on ---- and Council in its meeting held at ------ on -----.

2. GENERAL
2.1 Purpose of Road Signs
The purpose of Road Signs is to promote road safety and efficiency by providing for the
orderly movement of all road users on all roads in both urban and non-urban areas. Road
Signs notify road users of regulations and provide warning and guidance needed for safe,
uniform and efficient operation.
2.2 Principles of Road Signs
This Code contains the basic principles that govern the design and use of road signs for
all categories of roads including expressways open to public travel irrespective of road
agency having jurisdiction.
It is important that these principles be given primary consideration in the selection and
application of each road sign.
To be effective, a road sign should meet five basic requirements:
a) Fulfill a need;
b) Command attention;
c) Convey a clear and simple meaning;
d) Command respect from road users; and
e) Give adequate time for response.
Design, placement, operation, maintenance, and uniformity are aspects that should be
carefully considered in order to maximize the ability of a road sign to meet these five
basic requirements.
2.3 Placement and Operation of Road Signs
Placement of road signs should be within road users view. To aid in conveying proper
meaning, road signs should be positioned with respect to the location or situation to
which it applies. The location and legibility of the road sign should be such as to provide
adequate response time to road users to read and take action at the operating speed.

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Road Signs or their supports shall not bear any advertising or other message that is not
related to traffic control. However, tourist-oriented directional signs and signs relating to
specific wayside services and amenities should not be considered as advertising.
Road signs should be placed and operated in a uniform and consistent manner. Road signs
which are not necessary or no longer required should be removed. The fact that a sign is
in good physical condition should not be a basis for deferring the removal or change, if it
is so warranted.
2.4 Maintenance of Road Signs
Maintenance of road signs should be ensured to retain both the legibility and the visibility
of the sign. Functional evaluation of road signs should be done to determine at regular
periodic intervals, whether certain signs need to be changed to meet current traffic
conditions. Clean, legible, properly mounted signs in good working condition command
respect from road users.
2.5 Uniformity of Road Signs
Uniformity of signs simplifies the task of the road user because it helps in recognition and
understanding, thereby reducing perception/reaction time. Uniformity assists road users,
traffic police and highway agencies by giving everyone the same interpretation message.
Uniformity also promotes efficiency in manufacture, installation and maintenance.
Uniformity means treating similar situations in a similar way. A standard sign, used
where it is not appropriate, is as objectionable as a nonstandard sign.
2.6 Traffic Engineering Study
The decision to use a particular sign at a particular location should be made on the basis
of traffic engineering study and after a very careful planning so that correct and uniform
signs are placed at required locations.
Authorities with responsibility for traffic control that do not have in-house engineering
assistance can take help from traffic engineering consultant(s) or academic and research
institutions with domain expertise.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROAD SIGNS
Road Signs are classified under the following three heads:
3.1 Mandatory/Regulatory Signs
All Mandatory or Regulatory Signs are circular in
shape. Mandatory / Prohibitory Signs are to indicate
the prohibition upon certain kind of vehicle maneuver
and vehicle type like overtaking prohibited or
U-turn prohibited or cycles prohibited and
restriction on parking like parking prohibited and
limit on vehicle speed and size like speed limit and
maximum load limit . They are with red circular
ring and diagonal bars with black symbols or arrows
or letters on white background. The red ring indicates
prohibitory regulation; and the diagonal red bar
prohibits the action or movement indicated by the
indicated by the black symbol.
Mandatory signs giving positive instructions are
circular with white symbol on a blue black ground.
They indicate what driver must do compulsorily. For
example, direction control signs are to compulsorily
regulate certain movements wherever the restriction Figure 3.1
applies.

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The exceptions in shape are the octagonal red STOP sign and the triangular GIVEWAY
or YIELD sign. These two signs provide indication about right of way to drivers.
Mandatory and regulatory signs need to be complied with and any violation of the rules
and regulations conveyed by these signs is a legal offence. Examples of these signs are
shown in Figure 3.1
3.2 Cautionary/Warning Signs
Cautionary/Warning signs are triangular in shape with
red border and black symbol in white background used to
caution and alert the road users to potential danger or
existence of certain hazardous conditions either on or
adjacent to the roadway so that they take the desired
action. These signs indicate a need for special caution by
road users and may require a reduction in speed or some
other manoeuvre. Some examples of these signs are Figure 3.2
Hairpin Bend, Narrow Bridge, Gap in Median, School
Ahead etc. An example is shown in Figure 3.2.
3.3 Informatory/Guide Signs
All informatory signs and guiding signs for facilities are
rectangular in shape.
Informatory Signs for facilities indicates location and
direction to facilities like fuel station or eating place or
parking and shall be with black symbol in a rectangle
on rectangular and with blue background.
Information signs in rectangular shape are also used with
destination names and distances with arrows indicating the
direction. The color pattern of direction information sign
is presented in Table 8.3. These are used to give such
information to road users which will help them along the
route in most simple and direct manner. Examples of these
are shown in Figure 3.3. Figure 3.3
3.4 Road Classifications
Generally roads are classified as under:
a) Expressways
b) National Highways
c) State Highways
d) Major District Roads
e) Rural Roads (Other District Roads (ODR) and Village Roads (VR))
f) Urban (City) Roads
The direction information signs for different categories of road will have different color
combinations as given in Table 8.3.
4. SITING OF SIGNS WITH RESPECT TO THE CARRIAGEWAY
4.1 The road signs are the means of communication to the road users, especially drivers.
Therefore, the signs shall be so placed that the drivers can recognize them easily and in
time. Normally the signs shall be placed on the left hand side of the road. For two lane
roads, normally the signs may be placed on the left side of the carriageway, repeated on
the other side of the carriageway, if local conditions are such that the signs might not be
seen in time by the drivers. For multilane divided roads the signs may be placed on left

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side of each carriageway. In case of hill roads, the signs shall generally be installed on the
valley side of the road, unless traffic and road conditions warrant these to be placed on
the hill side.
4.2 On all roads with or without kerb and with or without shoulder, the extreme edge of the
ground mounted sign adjacent to the roadway shall be at a distance of 600mm to 3 m
from the carriageway or paved shoulder edge depending upon the local conditions. For
roads with kerbs, it shall not be less than 300 mm away from kerb line, but in no case
shall any part of the sign come in the way of vehicular traffic.
Gantry mounted signs should be mounted on columns preferably 7m or more from the
nearest traffic lane, unless otherwise specified. The minimum lateral offset is intended to
keep it away from vehicles that may use the shoulder striking the gantry column. If there
is a situation where this lateral clearance cannot be maintained, the column of gantry sign
shall be shielded with W-Beam crash barrier for required run out length depending upon
the setback distance between the pavement edge line and column of gantry. Lesser
clearances but not less than 1.8m, may be used on connecting roadways or ramps at
interchanges.
4.3 On kerbed roads, the bottom edge of the lowest sign shall not be less than 2.1 m and not
more than 2.5 m above the kerb. On roads without kerb, the bottom edge of the lowest
sign shall not be less than 2 m and not more than 2.5 m above the crown of the pavement.
Where signs are erected above footpaths or in areas likely or intended to be used by
pedestrians, minimum headroom of 2.1 m is to be provided.
4.4 Where in the opinion of the competent authority, a sign would be ineffective if placed on
the left hand side shoulder of a road with dual carriageway, it may be placed on the
median instead. To improve the visibility of the signs on multi-lane roads, the minimum
height of the lower edge of the sign should be kept as 2.5 m above the highest point of the
carriageway.
4.5 The signs shall be so placed that these do not obstruct vehicular traffic on the
carriageway, and if placed on the berm/footpath/refuge island, cause least obstruction to
pedestrians. The difference in level between the lower edge of the sign and the
carriageway shall be as uniform as possible for signs of the same class on the same route.
4.6 On multi-lane roads, the signs may have to be mounted overhead, as this would ensure
better visibility and be effective in communicating with the drivers and other road users.
Overhead signs may be used in lieu of, or as an adjunct to, ground signs where the
situation so warrants for proper information and guidance of the road user. The following
conditions may be considered while deciding about the provision of overhead signs:
Traffic volume at or near capacity
Complex interchange design
Three or more lanes in each direction
Restricted visibility
High speed traffic
Insufficient space for ground mounted signs
Large percentage of commercial vehicles
Closely spaced interchanges
4.7 From safety and aesthetic standpoints, overhead signs shall be mounted on overhead
bridge structures wherever possible. Overhead signs shall provide a vertical clearance of
not less than 5.5 m over the entire width of the pavement and shoulders. Where overhead
sign supports cannot be placed at a safe distance away from the line of traffic or in an
otherwise protected site, they should either be so designed as to minimize the impact
forces or protect motorists adequately by a physical barrier or guard rail of suitable

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design. Encompassing all above requirements, the siting of signs with respect to
carriageway with required height and clearance is given in Table 4.1. and Figure 4.1
4.8 Mandatory signs (e.g. Keep Left) on traffic islands are normally mounted so that the
bottom edge is about 1000mm above the paved surface. When several signs have to be
placed along the same section of road, take care that they do not obscure each other. And
then locate the signs a minimum of 0.6V metres apart (where V is the 85 th percentile
speed in km/h). Signs are normally erected on the left side of the road, but for extra
emphasis a second sign may be placed on the right side of the road as well. This is
especially useful on left-hand curves. Wherever minimum lateral clearance cannot be
maintained for gantry columns from shoulder edge line, such exposed column shall be
protected with crash barrier.
Table 4.1 Heights and Clearances of Signs
Minimum (mm) Desirable (mm) Maximum (mm)
A 600 1000 2500
B 1000 2000 3000
C 300 600 1000
D 2000 2000 2500
E 2100 2100 2500
F 5500 6000 6500
G 750
H 5000
I 5000 7000 9000
J 1800 2000 2500

Figure 4.1 Siting of Signs with respect to Carriageway

(Heights and Clearances) (Refer Table 4.1)
Source: Chapter 1, Traffic Sign Manual, Department of Transport, UK

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5. ORIENTATION OF SIGNS
5.1 The signs unless otherwise stated shall normally be placed at right angles to the line of
travel of the approaching traffic. Signs relating to parking, however, should be fixed at an
angle (approximately) 15o to the carriageway so as to give better visibility.
5.2 Where light reflection from the sign face is
encountered to such an extent as to reduce
legibility, the sign should be turned slightly away
from the road as shown in Figure 5.1. On
horizontal curves, the sign should not be fixed
normal to the carriageway but the angle of
placement should be determined with regard to the
course of the approaching traffic.
5.3 Sign faces are normally vertical, but on gradients it
may be desirable to tilt a sign forward or backward
from the vertical to make it normal to the line of Figure 5.1
sight and improve the viewing angle.
6. MATERIAL FOR SIGNS
The various materials and fabrication of road signs shall conform to the following
requirements:
6.1 Concrete
Concrete shall be of M25 grade
6.2 Reinforcing Steel
Reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of IS 1786 unless otherwise specified.
6.3 Bolts, Nuts and Washers
High strength bolts shall conform to IS 1367 whereas precision bolts, nuts, etc. shall
conform to IS 1364.
6.4 Plates and Supports
Plates and support sections for the signposts shall conform to IS 226 and IS 2062 or any
other stated IS specification.
6.5 Substrate
The substrate shall be either Aluminum sheeting or Aluminium Composite
Material(ACM) conforming to following subsections.
6.5.1 Aluminium
Aluminium sheets used for sign boards shall be of smooth, hard and corrosion resistant
aluminium alloy conforming to IS 736 - Material Designation 24345 or 1900.
6.5.2 Aluminium Composite Materials (ACM)
ACM sheets used for sign boards is a sandwiched construction with a thermoplastic core
of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) between two thick skins/sheets of Aluminium
with overall thickness of 4 mm and 3 mm, and Aluminium skin thickness of 0.4 - 0.5 mm
and 0.25 - 0.3 mm respectively on both sides. The retro reflective sheeting must be
applied on the top surface with aluminum surface with recommended surface preparation
from sheeting manufacturer. A fluorocarbon coating may be applied over the exposed
surface of aluminium to ensure corrosion resistant and weatherability and shall conform
to relevant ASTM. The mechanical properties of 4mm and 3mm ACM and that of its
Aluminum skin shall conform to the requirement given in Table 6.1, when tested in
accordance with the test methods mentioned against each of them.

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Table 6.1 Specifications for Aluminum Composite Material (ACM)

Specification for
Specification for 4mm
3mm
S.N Description
Standard Acceptable
Acceptable value
test value
A Mechanical Properties of ACM
Peel off strength with retro ASTM
1 Min. 4 N/mm Min. 4 N/mm
reflective sheeting. (Drum Peel Test) D903
2 Tensile strength ASTM E638 Min. 40 N/mm2 Min. 30 N/mm2

3 0.2% Proof Stress ASTM E638 Min. 34 N/mm2 Min. 34 N/mm2

4 Elongation ASTM E638 Min. 6 % Min. 5 %

5 Flexural strength ASTM C393 Min. 130 N/mm2 Min. 120 N/mm2
ASTM
6 Shear strength with Punch shear test Min. 18 N/mm2 Min. 18 N/mm2
D732
B Properties of Aluminum Skin

1 Tensile strength (Rm) ASTM E8 Min. 150 N/mm2 Min. 130 N/mm2
Min. 70,000
2 Modulus of elasticity ASTM E8 Min. 70,000 N/mm2
N/mm2
3 Elongation ASTM E8 A50 Min. 2% A50 Min. 2%

4 0.2 % Proof Stress ASTM E8 Min. 110 N/mm2 Min. 110 N/mm2

6.6 Plate Thickness

Shoulder mounted ground signs with a maximum side dimension not exceeding 600 mm
shall not be less than 1.5 mm thick with Aluminium and 3 mm thick with Aluminium
Composite Material. All other signs shall be at least 2 mm thick with Aluminium and 4
mm thick with Aluminium Composite Material. The thickness of the sheet shall be related
to the size of the sign and its support and shall be such that it does not bend or deform
under prevailing wind and other loads. All overhead signs made with Aluminium
Composite Material shall be minimum 4 mm thick to withstand wind and other loads
without deformation.
6.7 Retro Reflective Sheeting
The retro reflective sheeting used on the signs shall consist of white or coloured sheeting
having a smooth outer surface which has the property of retro reflection over its entire
surface. It shall be weather resistant and exhibit colour fastness. It shall be new and
unused and show no evidence of cracking, scaling, and pitting, blistering, edge lifting or
curling and shall have negligible shrinkage or expansion. A certificate of having the
sheeting tested for coefficient of retro reflection, daytime colour and luminance,
shrinkage, flexibility, liner removal, adhesion, impact resistance, specular gloss and
fungus resistance, 3 years outdoor weathering and its having passed these tests shall be
obtained from International/Government Laboratory/Institute by the manufacturer of the
sheeting and in case the certificate is obtained from international agency, it should also be
obtained from Indian agency within 3 years of launching of product by the manufacture in
abroad. Alternatively, a certificate conforming to ASTM Specification (D 4956-09) on
artificial accelerated weathering requirements from a reputed laboratory in India can be

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accepted provisionally. In such a situation, the Employer/Client, if so desires, could seek

for a performance guarantee which would be released after receipt of certificate meeting
the requirement of three years outdoor weathering of the sheeting. Retro reflective
sheeting is divided into three classes as follows:
CLASS A SHEETING: - Engineering and Super Engineering Grade sheeting as per
ASTM D 4956-09 Type I and II.
CLASS B SHEETING: - High Intensity and High Intensity Prismatic grade sheeting as
per ASTM D 4956-09 Type III and IV.
CLASS C SHEETING: - All Micro Prismatic grade sheeting as per ASTM D 4956-09
Type VIII, IX and XI.
6.7.1 Selection of Sheeting
The performance characteristics of sheeting Type I to Type IX used for road signs are
presented respectively in Table 6.3 to Table 6.9. The definition of key words in
understanding the performance characteristics are given below.
"Retro-reflection" means the reflection of light which is returned in directions close to
the direction from which it came, and this property being maintained even over wide
variations of the direction of the incident radiation:
"Observation angle
(symbol )" is the angle Diagram 6.1
between the illumination
axis and the observation axis
as shown in Diagram 6.1

Entrance angle (symbol

) means the angle from
the illumination axis to the
reference axis. The
reference axis is an axis
perpendicular to the
retroreflective surface as
shown in Diagram 6.2

Diagram 6.2

"Coefficient of retro-reflection R obtained from the luminous intensity (I) of the

retro-reflective area in the direction of observation and the illuminance (E ) on the
retro-reflective plane at right angles the direction of the incident light and the illuminated
plane sample surface A,
R = I / E * A

The coefficient of retro-reflection R is expressed in candle per square meter per lux
(cd.m2. lx-1).

Though the sheeting as per ASTM classification are available from Type I to Type IX, a
higher type of sheeting used in the ASTM need not necessarily imply that it is better

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than a "lower"-type sheeting, rather it meets different performance characteristics. Each

type of sheeting has certain performance characteristics and the type of sheeting for a
road should be selected which suits the situation encountered by road users in viewing the
signs on the particular road. For example, sheeting with high coefficient of retro
reflection at small observation angle will give better performance for drivers viewing the
sign from long distances. Similarly, signs with wide observation angle give good
performance for drivers encountering situations to observe the signs involving wide
observation angle. Micro prismatic sheeting is preferred for gantry mounted overhead
signs. Type IV micro prismatic sheeting may be used for delineator posts.
Table 6.2 suggests a general guideline for selection of sheeting considering the
performance characteristics of each type of sheeting for different category of roads and
also on economic consideration and visibility requirements in Indian context. However,
the choice for selection of type of sheeting would rest with the client.
Table 6.2 Suggested Guidelines for Usage of Retro-Reflective Sheeting

Category of Road
Type of
Class of National/ Major Urban/
Sheeting Rural
Sheeting State District City Expressway
(ASTM) Roads
Highway Roads Roads
Type I No Yes Yes No No
Class A Type II No Yes Yes No No
Type III* Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Class B Type IV Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Type VIII Yes No No Yes Yes
Type IX Yes No No Yes Yes
Class C No No
Type XI Yes Yes Yes

* Type III sheeting is available both as glass beaded and micro prismatic technology as
per ASTM D4956-09. The light reflecting efficiency of glass beaded sheeting is lower
than the micro prismatic sheeting.
6.7.2 Class A (Engineering grade sheeting)
6.7.2.1 Type I engineering grade sheeting
This sheeting shall be of enclosed lens glass bead type consisting of microscopic lens
elements embedded beneath the surface of a smooth, flexible, transparent, water-proof
plastic, resulting in a non-exposed lens optical reflecting system. The retro-reflective
surface after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have the minimum
coefficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D 4956-09) as
indicated in Table 6.3.

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Table 6.3 Acceptable Minimum Co-efficient of

Retro-Reflection for Type I Engineering Grade Sheeting
(Candelas per Lux per Square Metre)

Observation

Entrance

Orange
Yellow

Brown
Green
White
Angle

Angle

Blue
Red
0.2 - 4 70 50 25 9.0 14 4.0 1.0
0.2 +30 30 22 7.0 3.5 6.0 1.7 0.3
0.5 - 4 30 25 13 4.5 7.5 2.0 0.3
0.5 +30 15 13 4.0 2.2 3.0 0.8 0.2

When totally wet, the sheeting shall not show less than 90 percent of the values, of retro-
reflection indicated in above Table. At the end of 5 years, the sheeting shall retain at least
50 percent of its original retro-reflectance.
6.7.2.2 Type II Super Engineering grade sheeting
This sheeting shall be of enclosed lens glass bead type consisting of microscopic lens
elements embedded beneath the surface of a smooth, flexible, transparent, water-proof
plastic, resulting in a non-exposed lens optical reflecting system. The retro-reflective
surface after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have the minimum
coefficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D 4956-09) as
indicated in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4 Acceptable Minimum Coefficient of Retro-Reflection for Type II Super
Engineering Grade Sheeting (Candelas Per Lux Per Square Metre)
Observatio

Entrance
n Angle

Orange
Yellow

Brown
Green
White
Angle

Blue
Red

0.2 -4 140 100 60 30 30 10 5

0.2 +30 60 36 22 10 12 4 2
0.5 -4 50 33 20 9 10 3 2
0.5 +30 28 20 12 6 6 2 1

When totally wet, the sheeting shall not show less than 90 per cent of the values, of retro-
reflection indicated in above Table. At the end of 5 years, the sheeting shall retain at least
50 percent of its original retro-reflectance.
6.7.3 Class B (High intensity grade sheeting)
6.7.3.1 Type III High Intensity Grade
This high intensity retro-reflective sheeting shall be of encapsulated lens type consisting
of spherical glass lens, elements adhered to a synthetic resin and encapsulated by a
flexible, transparent waterproof plastic having a smooth surface or as an unmetallized
microprismatic reflective material element. The retro-reflective surface after cleaning
with soap and water and in dry condition shall have the minimum co-efficient of retro-
reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D 4956-09) as indicated in Table 6.5.

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Table 6.5 Acceptable Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection for Type III High
Intensity Grade SheetingA (Encapsulated Lens Type)
(Candelas Per Lux Per Square Metre)

Observation

Entrance

Orange
Yellow

Brown
Green
White
Angle

Angle

Blue
Red
0.1B -4 300 200 120 54 54 24 14
0.1 B +30 180 120 72 32 32 14 10
0.2 -4 250 170 100 45 45 20 12
0.2 +30 150 100 60 25 25 11 8.5
0.5 -4 95 62 30 15 15 7.5 5.0
0.5 +30 65 45 25 10 10 5.0 3.5
A Minimum Coefficient of Retro reflection (RA) (cd.lx-1.m-2).
B Values for 0.1 observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply
only when specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.
When totally wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90 percent, of the values of retro-
reflectance indicated in above Table. At the end of 7 years, the sheeting shall retain at
least 80 percent of its original retro-reflectance.
6.7.3.2 Type IV High intensity micro-prismatic grade sheeting (HIP)
This sheeting shall be of high intensity retro-reflective sheeting made of micro-prismatic
retro-reflective element material coated with pressure sensitive adhesive. The retro-
reflective surface after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have the
minimum co-efficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D 4956-
09) as indicated in Table 6.6.
Table 6.6 Acceptable Minimum Coefficient of Retro-Reflection for
Type IV High Intensity Micro-prismatic Grade SheetingA
(Candelas Per Lux Per Square Metre)
Observation

Entrance

Orange
Yellow

Brown
Green
White
Angle

Angle

Blue
Red

0.1B -4 500 380 200 70 90 42 25

0.1 B +30 240 175 94 32 42 20 12
0.2 -4 360 270 145 50 65 30 18
0.2 +30 170 135 68 25 30 14 8.5
0.5 -4 150 110 60 21 27 13 7.5
0.5 +30 72 54 28 10 13 6 3.5
A Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection (RA)(cd.lx-1.m-2).
B Values for 0.1o observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply
only when specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.
When totally wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90 percent of the values of retro-
reflection indicated in above Table. At the end of 7 years, the sheeting shall retain at least
80 percent of its original retro-reflectance.

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6.7.4 Class C (Micro prismatic grade sheeting)

6.7.4.1 Type VIII Micro prismatic grade sheeting
Retro-reflective sheeting typically manufactured as a cube corner. The reflective sheeting
shall be retro-reflective sheeting made of micro prismatic retro-reflective material. The
retro-reflective surface, after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have
the minimum co-efficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D:
4956-09) as indicated in Table 6.7.
When totally wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90 percent of the values of retro-
reflection indicated in above Table. At the end of 10 years, the sheeting shall retain at
least 80 percent of its original retro-reflectance.
Table 6.7 Acceptable Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection for
Type VIII Prismatic Grade SheetingA (Candelas Per Lux Per Square Metre)
Observation

Fluorescent

Fluorescent

Fluorescent
Entrance

Yellow -
Orange

Orange
Yellow

Yellow
Brown
Green

Green
White
Angle

Angle

Blue
0.1B -4 1000 750 375 100 Red
150 45 30 800 600 300
0.1 B +30 460 345 175 46 69 21 14 370 280 135
0.2 -4 700 525 265 70 105 32 21 560 420 210
0.2 +30 325 245 120 33 49 15 10 260 200 95
0.5 -4 250 190 94 25 38 11 7.5 200 150 75
0.5 +30 115 86 43 12 17 5 3.5 92 69 35

A Minimum Co-efficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (cd.lx-1.m-2).

B Values for 0.1o observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply
only when specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.
6.7.4.2 Type IX Micro prismatic grade sheeting
Retro-reflective sheeting typically manufactured as a cube corner. The reflective sheeting
shall be retro-reflective sheeting made of micro prismatic retro-reflective material. The
retro-reflective surface, after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have
the minimum co-efficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D
4956-09) as indicated in Table 6.8.
When totally wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90 percent of the values, of retro-
reflection indicated in above Table. At the end of 10 years, the sheeting shall retain at
least 80 percent of its original retro-reflectance.
Table 6.8 Acceptable Minimum Co-efficient of Retro-reflection for
Type IX Prismatic Grade SheetingA (Candelas Per Lux Per Square Metre)
Observation

Fluorescent

Fluorescent

Fluorescent
Entrance

Yellow-
Orange

Orange
Yellow

Yellow
Green

Green
White
Angle

Angle

Blue
Red

0.1B -4 660 500 250 66 130 30 530 400 200

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0.1 B +30 370 280 140 37 74 17 300 220 110

0.2 -4 380 285 145 38 76 17 300 230 115
0.2 +30 215 162 82 22 43 10 170 130 65
0.5 -4 240 180 90 24 48 11 190 145 72
0.5 +30 135 100 50 14 27 6 110 81 41
1.0 -4 80 60 30 8 16 3.6 64 48 24
1.0 +30 45 34 17 4.5 9.0 2 36 27 14
A Minimum Co-efficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (cd.lx-1.m-2).
B Values for 0.1o observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply
only when specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.
6.7.4.3 Type XI Micro prismatic grade sheeting
Retro-reflective sheeting typically manufactured as a cube corner. The reflective sheeting
shall be retro-reflective sheeting made of micro prismatic retro-reflective material. The
retro-reflective surface, after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have
the minimum co-efficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D
4956-09) as indicated in Table 6.9.
When totally wet, the sheeting shall show not less than 90 percent of the values, of retro-
reflection indicated in above Table. At the end of 10 years, the sheeting shall retain at
least 80 percent of its original retro-reflectance.
Table 6.9 Acceptable Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection for
Type XI Prismatic Grade SheetingA (Candelas per Lux per Square Metre)

yellow-Green
Observation

Florescent

Florescent

Florescent
Entrance

Orange

Orange
Yellow

Brown

yellow
Green
White
Angle

Angle

Blue
Red

0.1B -4 830 620 290 83 125 37 25 660 500 250

B
0.1 +30 325 245 115 33 50 15 10 260 200 100
0.2 -4 580 435 200 58 87 26 17 460 350 175
0.2 +30 220 165 77 22 33 10 7 180 130 66
0.5 -4 420 315 150 42 63 19 13 340 250 125
0.5 +30 150 110 53 15 23 7 5 120 90 45
1.0 -4 120 90 42 12 18 5 4 96 72 36
1.0 +30 45 34 16 5 7 2 1 36 27 14
A Minimum Co-efficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (cd.lx-1.m-2).
B Values for 0.1o observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply
only when specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.
6.7.5 Adhesives
The sheeting shall have a pressure-sensitive adhesive of the aggressive-tack type
requiring no heat, solvent or other preparation for adhesion to a smooth clean surface, in a
manner recommended by the sheeting manufacturer. The adhesive shall be protected by
an easily removable liner (removable by peeling without soaking in water or other
solvent) and shall be suitable for the type of material of the base plate used for the sign.

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The adhesive shall form a durable bond to smooth, corrosion and weather resistant
surface of the base plate such that it shall not be possible to remove the sheeting from the
sign base in one piece by use of sharp instrument. The sheeting shall be applied in
accordance with the manufacturers specifications.
6.7.6 Fabrication
Surface to be reflectorised shall be effectively prepared to receive the retro-reflective
sheeting. The aluminium sheeting shall be de-greased either by acid or hot alkaline
etching and all scale/dust removed to obtain a smooth plain surface before the application
of retro-reflective sheeting. If the surface is rough, approved surface primer may be used.
After cleaning, metal shall not be handled, except by suitable device or clean canvas
gloves, between all cleaning and preparation operation and application of reflective
sheeting/primer. There shall be no opportunity for metal to come in contact with grease,
oil or other contaminants prior to the application of retro-reflective sheeting. Complete
sheets of the material shall be used on the signs except where it is unavoidable. At splices,
sheeting with pressure-sensitive adhesives shall be overlapped not less than 5 mm.
Where screen printing with transparent colours is proposed, only butt joint shall be used.
The material shall cover the sign surface evenly and shall be free from twists, cracks and
folds. Cut-outs to produce legends and borders shall be bonded with the sheeting in the
manner specified by the manufacturer.
6.8 Messages/Borders
The messages (legends, letters, numerals, etc.) and borders shall either be screen-printed
or of cut out from durable transparent overlay or cut-out from the same type of reflective
sheeting for the cautionary and mandatory sign boards. Screen printing shall be processed
and finished with materials and in a manner specified by the sheeting manufacturer. For
the informatory and other sign boards, the messages (legends, letters, numerals etc.) and
borders shall be cut-out from durable transparent overlay film or cut-out from the same
reflective sheeting only. Cut-outs shall be from durable transparent overlay materials as
specified by the sheeting manufacturer and shall be bonded with the sheeting in the
manner specified by the manufacturer. Whenever transparent overlay film is used for
making any type of sign, the coloured portion of sign shall have coefficient of reflectivity
not less than the reflectivity of type and colour of sheeting normally used, as given in
Table 6.3 to Table 6.9. Cut-out messages and borders, wherever used, shall be either
made out of retro-reflective sheeting or made out of durable transparent overlay except
those in black which shall be of non-reflective sheeting or opaque in case of durable
transparent overlay. Creating coloured areas by means of screen-printing with ink shall
not be permitted.
6.9 Warranty and Durability
The retro reflective sheeting type A, B and C shall be covered respectively under 5,
7 and 10 year warranty respectively issued for field performance including the screen
printed areas and cut-out sheeting and cut-out durable transparent overlay film. The
contract shall indicate the minimum retro-reflectivity of the signs at the end of the
warranty period.
7 POSTS AND MOUNTINGS FOR SIGNS
7.1 The traffic signs shall be mounted on support posts, which may be of GI pipes
conforming to IS 1239, Rectangular Hollow Section conforming to IS 4923 or Square
Hollow Section conforming to IS 3589. In case of signs supported on two or more posts,
if necessary, bracing may also be provided. Sign posts, their foundations and sign
mountings shall be so constructed as to hold these in a proper and permanent position
against the normal storm wind loads or displacement by vandalism. Normally, signs with
an area up to 0.9 square metre shall be mounted on a single post, and for greater area, two
or more supports shall be provided. Sign supports may be of mild steel, reinforced

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concrete (M25) or galvanized iron (GI Post) sections. End(s) shall be firmly fixed to the
ground by means of properly designed foundation. The work of foundation shall conform
to relevant Specifications as specified.
7.2 All components of signs and supports, other than the reflective portion of GI posts shall
be thoroughly descaled, cleaned, primed and painted with two coats of epoxy paint. Any
part of mild steel (MS) post below ground shall be painted with three coats of red lead
paint.
7.3 The signs shall be fixed to the posts by welding in the case of steel posts and by bolts and
washers of suitable size in the case of reinforced concrete or GI posts. After the nuts have
been tightened, the tails of the bolts shall be furred over with a hammer to prevent
removal.
7.4 For overhead signs, the support system should be properly designed based on sound
engineering principles, to safely sustain the dead load, live load and wind load on the
completed sign system. For this purpose, the overhead signs shall be designed to
withstand a wind loading of 150 kg/m normal to the face of the sign and 30 kg/ m
transverse to the face of the sign. In addition to the dead load of the structure, walkway
loading of 250 kg concentrated live load shall also be considered for the design of the
overhead sign structure.
8 COLOUR FOR SIGNS
8.1 Signs shall be provided with retro-reflective sheeting and/or overlay film as shown on the
detailed drawings. The reverse side of all signs shall be painted grey.
8.2 Except in the case of railway level crossing signs (for which the colour scheme is given
later) the sign posts shall be painted in 250 mm wide bands, alternately black and white.
The lowest band next to the ground shall be in black.
8.3 The colour of the material shall be located within the area defined by the chromaticity
coordinates in Table 8.1 and comply with the luminance factor given in Table 8.2 when
measured as per ASTM D: 4956-09. Chromaticity is the objective specification of the
quality of a colour regardless of its luminance, that is, as determined by its hue and
colourfulness(or saturation, chroma, or intensity)
Table 8.1: Chromaticity Coordinates (Daytime)A
1 2 3 4
Colour
x y x Y x Y x Y
White 0.303 0.300 0.368 0.366 0.340 0.393 0.274 0.329
Yellow 0.498 0.412 0.557 0.442 0.479 0.520 0.438 0.472
B
Green 0.026 0.399 0.166 0.364 0.286 0.446 0.207 0.771
Red 0.648 0.351 0.735 0.265 0.629 0.281 0.565 0.346
BlueB 0.140 0.035 0.244 0.210 0.190 0.255 0.065 0.216
Orange 0.558 0.352 0.636 0.364 0.570 0.429 0.506 0.404
Brown 0.430 0.340 0.610 0.390 0.550 0.450 0.430 0.390
Fluorescent
0.387 0.610 0.369 0.546 0.428 0.496 0.460 0.540
Yellow-Green
Fluorescent
0.479 0.520 0.446 0.483 0.512 0.421 0.557 0.442
Yellow
Fluorescent
0.583 0.416 0.535 0.400 0.595 0.351 0.645 0.355
Orange
A The four pairs of chromaticity coordinates determine the acceptable colour in terms of the CIE
1931 Standard Colorimetric System measured with CIE Standard Illuminant D65.

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B The saturation limit of green and blue may extend to the border of the CIE chromaticity locus
for spectral colours.
Table 8.2 Daytime Luminance Factor (Y%)
Unmetalized Metalized
Colour
Min Max Min Max
White 27 -- 15 --
Yellow 15 45 12 30
Green 3.0 12 2.5 11
Red 2.5 15 2.5 11
Blue 1.0 10 1.0 10
Orange 10 30 7.0 25
Brown 1.0 9.0 1.0 9.0
Fluorescent Yellow-Green 60 -- -- --
Fluorescent Yellow 40 -- -- --
Fluorescent Orange 20 -- -- --
The colours shall be durable and uniform in acceptable hue when viewed in day light or
under normal headlights at night.
8.4 The mandatory and warning signs shall be provided with white background and red
border. The legend/symbol for these signs shall be in black.
8.5 Colour pattern for direction information signs is given in Table 8.3
The colours chosen for informatory or guide signs shall be distinct for different categories
of roads. For various categories of road in India, following colour pattern shall be used
for direction information sign as given in Table 8.3.
Table 8.3 Colour Pattern for Direction Information Signs
Road Type Background Arrows/Border/letters
Expressway Blue White
National Highway (NH) Green White
State Highway (SH) Green White
Major District Road (MDR) Green White
Village Road (ODR & VR) White Black
Urban/City Road Blue White
9 SIZE OF SIGNS
9.1 As a general rule, there shall be four sizes (small, medium, normal and large) of signs for
mandatory/regulatory and cautionary/warning signs. For Expressways, refer respective
chapters. For certain categories of mandatory/regulatory signs, a still smaller size may be
used in conjunction with traffic light signals or on bollards on traffic islands.
9.2 General dimensions of different categories of signs are given in respective sections.
10 VISIBILITY OF SIGNS
In order to make signs more visible and legible at night, in particular cautionary/warning
signs and regulatory signs other than those regulating parking and stopping in lighted
streets of built-up areas shall be lighted or provided with reflective material including

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luminous paints or reflective devices and sheetings. Care should, however, be taken that
this does not result in road users becoming dazzled.
11 SIZE OF LETTERS
11.1 Letter size should be chosen with due regard to the speed, classification and location of
the road, so that the sign is of adequate size for legibility but without being too large or
obtrusive. The size of the letter, in terms of x-height, to be chosen as per the design speed
is given in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1 Letter Size and Siting of Information Signs (Shoulder & Gantry Mounted)
Flag Type Direction Signs
Advance Direction Signs (Shoulder Mounted) Reassurance Signs Gantry Mounted Signs
Place Identification Signs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TWO
ONE
x X Minimum signs: x X Minimum x X
sign:
height height clear distance height height clear height height Minimum clear
distance
Design Speed (mm) (mm) visibility between (mm) (mm) visibility (mm) (mm) visibility to the
from
lower upper to the sign 1st and lower upper to the sign lower upper sign (m)
junction
case case (m) 2nd sign case case (m) case case
(m)
(m)
75 105 50 60 84 35
Up to 30 km/h 20 -
(60)* (84) (35) (50) (70) (30)
100 140 75 75 105 45
31 50km/h 45 45 200 280
(75) (105) (45) (60) (84) (35)
(175) (245) 150
125 175 100 100 140 60
51 - 65 km/h 90 50
(100) (140) (60) (75) (105) (45)
150 210 90 125 175 75
66 - 80 km/h 135 70
(125) (175) 150 (100) (140) (60)
200 280 150 150 210 105 250 350
81 - 100 km/h 165 100 200
(150) (210) 225 (125) (175) (75) (200) (280)
225- 200 280 135
250 350 300, (150) (210) (105) 275 385
101- 110km/h 225 100 240
(200) (280) See also (250) (350)
Note 1
300 420 See See 300 420 180 300 420 260
111- 120km/h 260
(250) (350) Note 1 Note 1 (250) (350) (150) (275) (385)
*Note: The values in brackets are the minimum values to be adopted when there is site/space constraints.

Source: Based on Traffic Sign Manual, UK, Appendix A of Local Transport Note (1/94) and
calculated from the first principle as presented in Annexure VI
Notes
1. For grade separated junction two or three advance direction signs are provided. These are
located at the start of diverging lane, 250m to 750m from the junction and additionally
750m to 1500m from the junction.
2. The x height is the height of a lower case English Transport medium font and upper
case shall be 1.4 times of lower case height.
3. In columns 2, 3, 7, 8, 10 and 11 of Table 11.1 the font heights shown are normal size to
be used for respective approach speeds and in brackets are the absolute minimum sizes to
be used where site/ space is limited. The font size can be increased by another 50mm
from the normal font size for those direction boards requiring special emphasis/attention.
4. In columns 4 and 9 of Table 11.1, the clear visibility distances indicated are minimum
values. Greater distances should be provided wherever possible.
5. In columns 5 and 6 Table 11.1, the distances shown are for guidance only and are not to
be taken precise.
6. Reassurance Signs are normally placed about 100-150m after the junction. Place
Identification Signs are normally placed about 90m to 150m in advance of the start of the
built-up area and flag type direction signs are generally installed at the nose of diverging
lanes.
7 Columns 10, 11 and 12 of Table 11.1 shall be taken for design of gantry mounted signs.

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11.2 Letter size on definition plates attached with normal sized signs should be 50 mm or 100
mm, and in the case of small signs, it should be 50 mm. Where the message is long, as for
instance in NO PARKING and NO STOPPING & NO STANDING signs, the
message may be broken with two lines and the size of letters may be varied in the lines so
that the definition plate is not too large. The lettering on definition plates will be all in
upper case letters. Example for Definition Plate is given in Plate-II.
12 MAINTENANCE OF SIGNS
Prior to installing any road sign, the responsibility for the maintenance of the sign and the
post required to be decided, and the timing plan(s) should be clearly established. Over
time, signs become faded and their retro-reflective properties diminish. This reduces both
conspicuity and legibility, by day and by night. Excessively discoloured or faded signs
(e.g. white backgrounds which have become grey or brown, or red borders faded to pink)
and signs, where the legend or graphic is peeling off cannot be fully effective and need to
be replaced. The signs along with the posts shall be maintained in proper position, and
kept clean and legible at all times. Signs should be cleaned at intervals appropriate to the
site conditions. Signs at locations where they are subject to heavy soiling from passing
traffic, or algae growth (a common problem with signs beneath tree canopies) will need
more frequent cleaning.
A reference number along with the month and year of installation should be placed on the
back of a sign in a contrasting colour or by stamping in characters not exceeding 50 mm
in height. It is distracting and unsightly to place reference numbers on the sign face or on
the front of a backing board.
All signs shall be inspected at least twice a year both in day and night times and at least
once a year in the rain. All signs should be replaced at the end of the warranty period
provided for the retro-reflective sheeting used on the sign. Damaged signs shall be
replaced immediately.
The authorities responsible for road signs should maintain a schedule of painting of the
posts and signs periodically. It is recommended that painting of the signs (where
applicable) may be undertaken after every two years. In case of overhead signs, adequate
provision is to be made to have access to the signs for the purpose of maintenance
activities. This must be ensured at the time of installation. Special care shall be taken to
see that weeds, shrubbery, mud, etc. are not allowed to obscure any sign.
13 DEFINITION PLATES/SUPPLEMENTARY PLATES
Where the competent authority considers it advisable to make the meaning of a sign or
symbol more explicit, or in the case of mandatory signs to limit their application to
certain categories of road users or to specific periods, an inscription shall be placed below
the sign in a rectangular definition plate of suitable size. The definition plate shall be with
retro-reflective white background and black letters and black border 20 mm wide.
Numerals shall be inscribed in international form of Indian numerals and word messages
shall be in English and/or other languages as necessary. To contain the size of the sign,
the number of languages on the signs shall normally be limited to two. An example of
definition plate is given in Plate- II and design in Plate III (Fig 16.17).
14 MANDATORY/REGULATORY SIGNS
14.1 The detailed dimensioned drawings of normal sized sign and symbols thereon are shown
in Plate-I for ease of reproduction. For signs of other sizes, the symbols should be
proportionately reduced or enlarged. The mandatory/regulatory signs are listed in
Annexure -I. These are classified under the following sub-heads keeping in view their
design and application:
(i) Stop and Give Way signs (Right of way signs )

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(ii) Prohibitory signs

(iii) No Parking and No Stopping signs
(iv) Speed Limit and Vehicle Control signs
(v) Restriction Ends sign, and
(vi) Compulsory Direction Control and other signs
14.2 It is essential that drivers and other road users have an unobstructed view of road signs.
The distance which should be kept clear of obstructions to the sight line, whether caused
by vegetation (e.g. bushes, trees), other signs or street furniture (e.g. crash barriers), is
known as the clear visibility distance. The higher the prevailing traffic speeds, the greater
this distance needs to be.
14.3 Regulatory signs that indicate the beginning of a restriction or prohibition and to which
direction it applies have to be placed in accordance with that direction. The requirement is
that the signs must be placed on each side of the road or on each side of the appropriate
carriageway of a dual carriageway road; except that signs need only be placed on one side
if any of the following circumstances apply:
i) where the restriction, requirement or prohibition applies only to one side of the road.
ii) at a junction where traffic turns from a one-way road into the relevant road. The sign
should be angled to face towards the driver.
iii) at a junction where the carriageway of the relevant road is less than 5 m wide and the
centre of the sign is no more than 2 m from the edge of the carriageway.
14.4 Mandatory and regulatory signs are normally sited at or near the point where the
instruction applies. Table 11.1 (Column 4) specifies minimum clear visibility distances
for regulatory and mandatory signs. These should normally be measured from the center
of most disadvantages driving lanes. The more the number of signs which drivers are
presented with simultaneously, the greater the difficulty they are likely to have in
assimilating the information. Generally, not more than two signs should be erected on any
one post when intended to be read from an approaching vehicle and this applies when
signs are mounted at the same location on separate posts. Speed limit signs should be
mounted alone. When a sign need supplementary plate, the combination of sign and plate
may be regarded as one sign.
14.5 STOP Sign
14.5.1 Purpose
This is for indicating priority for the right of way. The sign is intended for use on
roadways where traffic is required to stop before entering a major road, and where it is
intended that the vehicle shall proceed past the stop line only after ascertaining that this
will not cause danger to traffic on the main road. This is a Mandatory/ Regulatory sign.
(Fig. 14.01)
14.5.2 Combination with markings
The stop sign shall always be used in combination with certain road markings, such as
stop line and the word STOP marked on the pavement vide IRC: 35 Code of Practice
for Road Markings.
14.5.3 Size, shape and colour
The sign (shown in Fig. 14.01) shall be octagonal in shape and shall have red background
and white border. The word STOP written in white (in English or local language) with
150 mm height letters, centrally positioned. The height of the octagon and border shall be
as per Table 14.1

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Table No. 14.1 The Sizes and Dimensions of STOP signs

Approach speed Height Border Font Size
Size
on minor road (mm) (mm) (mm)
Upto 50 kmph Small 750 25 125
51 65kmph Normal 900 30 150
> 65 kmph Large 1200 40 225

14.5.4 Warrants for installation

The sign should be used on a minor road at its intersection with a major road where
conditions are considered to be unduly hazardous due to restricted visibility, bad
alignment and high accident record. Generally, if the visibility funnel shown in the
Diagram 14.1 is not obstruction free, the stop sign shall be installed. The visibility funnel
for different situation is presented in the Table 14.2.
Table 14.2 Visibility Funnel
Distance measured along the center
Speed on Major Visibility Distances on
line of minor road from edge line
Road Major Road (y)
of major road (x)
Upto 15kmph 15m
31- 50 kmph 30m
51-65 kmph 45m x = 4.5m for medium traffic and
66 -80 kmph 70m 3.0m for lightly trafficked side road
81- 100kmph 90m
> 100kmph 120m

Note (1) The visibility distance (y) is measured along the nearer edge of the major road
from a point 1.05m above the central line of the minor road (representing the drivers eye
position.
(2) x = 3m for lightly
trafficked side road
measured from the edge
of the major road
carriage way along the
center line of the minor
road, and 4.5m when
minor road has medium
traffic volume. Diagram 14.1
14.5.5 Location
The sign shall be installed on the left side of
the approach to which it applies. Stop signs
should be sited as close to the stop line as
possible but not in such a position as to
impair visibility along the major road.
Normally, these should be fixed 1.5 m in
advance of the stop line. If the site
conditions prevent a sign so placed from
being easily seen, it should be placed at a
greater distance in advance of the STOP
Diagram 14.2

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line, but in no case more than 6 m as shown in Diagram 14.2. When the STOP sign is
installed at the required location and the sign visibility is restricted, a Stop Ahead sign
shall be installed in advance of the STOP sign. STOP sign and YIELD sign shall not be
mounted on the same post. STOP sign has to be a standalone sign when used. The sign
shall not be used at intersection where traffic signals are installed.
14.6 GIVE WAY Sign
14.6.1 Purpose
The GIVE WAY sign is used to assign right-of-way to traffic on certain roadways at
inter-sections, the intention being that the vehicles controlled by the sign must give way
i.e. yield to other traffic having the right of way. Vehicles controlled by a sign need to
slow down or stop when necessary to avoid interfering with conflicting traffic. This is a
Mandatory/ Regulatory sign. (Fig. 14.02)
14.6.2 Size, shape and colour
The sign shall be an equilateral triangle with the apex downwards. It shall have red border
and white background. The sizes and dimensions of these signs shall be as prescribed in
Table 14.02)
Table 14.02 Sizes and Dimensions of Give Way Sign
Side Border
Approach speed on minor road Size
(mm) (mm)
Upto 50 kmph Small 600 45
51 80kmph Normal 900 70
> 80 kmph Large 1200 90

14.6.3 Warrants for installation

The sign shall be used on a minor road at the entrance to an inter-section where it is
necessary to assign right-of-way to the major road but where a stop is not necessary at all
times. The sign shall also be used on hill roads with single or intermediate lane
carriageway on long gradients facing the downhill traffic to assign right-of-way to
vehicles climbing uphill. The GIVE WAY sign, together with its associated road
markings, may also be used as follows:
i) In non-urban areas at all junctions of minor roads with main highway (National
Highway or a State Highway)
ii) In urban areas generally at junctions of minor road with trunk and principal road.
If the minor road is a residential or local street, it is advisable to provide a STOP
sign.
iii) At other junctions and roundabouts where the traffic regulatory authority
considers it desirable on account of traffic speeds or volumes
The visibility funnel shown in Diagram 14.1 shall be obstruction free while installing a
giveway sign.
14.6.4 Location
The sign shall be located in advance to the
point where vehicles are required to stop or
to slow down to yield the right-of-way, say at
a distance of 1.5m to 12 m. It is also
recommended that Give Way line (Ref.
IRC:35) should be marked at the entry to the

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Diagram 14.3
 IRC: 67- 2011
Oct. 2011

junction. Give Way line may be preceded by GIVE WAY marking on the road as shown
in Diagram 14.3. On gradients, the sign should be placed at the start of the down gradient
and repeated as necessary.
14.6.5 Give way to buses exiting bus lay-by ahead
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Give Way to Buses exiting from a bus
lay-by ahead. The sign shall be placed at the beginning of such area (Fig. 14.03).
14.7 Prohibitory Signs
These signs generally give instructions regarding maneuver that must not be made.
Prohibitory signs indicate a forbidden manoeuvre. They cover both junctions and the
sections of road between junctions.
14.7.1 Size, shape and colour
The signs shall be of circular shape with a red border, white background, and black
symbol. The sizes and dimensions of mandatory signs are given at Table 14.3 and also of
regulatory signs
Table 14.3 Sizes and Dimensions of Mandatory and Regulatory Signs
Regulatory
Mandatory Signs
Design Signs
Size
Speed Diameter Diameter Border Oblique Font Size
(mm) (mm) (mm ) bar (mm) (mm)
In
conjunction
Upto 65 300 35 35 75
with traffic
kmph light signal
Small 600 600 50 50 100
66
Medium 750 750 60 60 125
80kmph
81-100
Normal 900 900 75 75 150
kmph
> 100 kmph Large 1200 1200 100 100 225

14.7.2 Bullock carts prohibited

The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where bullock carts are to be
prohibited (Fig. 14.04).
14.7.3 Bullock carts and hand carts prohibited
The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where bullock and hand carts are to be
prohibited. (Fig 14.05). The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where all types
of slow moving vehicles except cycles are to be prohibited
14.7.4 Hand carts prohibited
The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where hand carts are to be prohibited
(Fig. 14.06).
14.7.5 Tongas prohibited
The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where tongas are to be prohibited
(Fig. 14.07).

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14.7.6 Horse riding prohibited

The sign shall be used where Horse riding is prohibited on road. (Fig 14.08)
14.7.7 Caravan not allowed
The sign shall be used at the entrance to the roads where entry to caravan is prohibited
(Fig. 14.09).
14.7.8 Buses Prohibited
The sign shall be used where buses are prohibited and used at beginning of such areas
(Fig. 14.10)
14.7.9 Cars Prohibited
The sign shall be used where entry of car is prohibited (Fig. 14.11).
14.7.10 Trucks prohibited
The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where movement of trucks is
prohibited (Fig. 14.12).
14.7.11 Tractor prohibited
The sign shall be used where entry of tractor is prohibited.(Fig 14.13).
14.7.12 Construction vehicles prohibited
The sign shall be used where entry of construction vehicles is prohibited.(Fig 14.14).
14.7.13 Articulated vehicles movement prohibited
The sign shall be used for prohibiting movement of Articulated Vehicles. (Fig. 14.15)
14.7.14 Two wheelers prohibited
The sign shall be erected on such highways or highway sections where the movement of
two wheelers is required to be prohibited (Fig. 14.16).
14.7.15 Cycles prohibited
The sign shall be erected on each entry to the road where cycles are to be prohibited
(Fig. 14.17).
14.7.16 Blowing horn prohibited
The sign shall be used on stretches of the road where sounding of horn is not allowed,
such as near hospitals and in silence zones (Fig. 14.18).
14.7.17 Straight prohibited/No entry
The signs shall be located at places where the vehicles are not allowed to enter. It is
generally erected at the end of one-way road to prohibit traffic entering the roadway in
the wrong direction and also at each intersection along the one-way road. The No Entry
sign, if used, should be placed directly in view of a road user at the point where a road
user could wrongly enter. The sign should be mounted on the left side of the roadway,
facing traffic that might enter the roadway or ramp in the wrong direction. If the No Entry
sign would be visible to traffic to which it does not apply, the sign should be turned away
from, or shielded from, the view of that traffic. The sign may be repeated on long
stretches if considered necessary (Fig. 14.19).
14.7.18 One way
The sign shall be located at the entry to the one-way street and repeated at intermediate
intersections on that street. At unsignalized intersections, ONE WAY signs shall be
placed on the near left and the far right corners of the intersection facing traffic entering
or crossing the one-way street. At signalized intersections, ONE WAY signs shall be

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placed either near the appropriate signal faces, on the poles holding the traffic signals, on
the mast arm or span wire holding the signals, or at the locations specified for
unsignalized intersections (Fig. 14.20).
14.7.19 Left/Right turn prohibited
At unsignalled intersection where a side road forms a T-junction with a two-way road and
traffic is required to turn in one direction only, Fig 14.21 or Fig 14.22 as appropriate
should be used. On the other hand if direction control sign Fig 14.46 or Fig 14.47 is used,
it might be misleading by giving an impression to drivers that they are turning to a one-
way road. The signs shall also be used at the intersection of one-way street to supplement
the one-way signs
14.7.20 Overtaking prohibited
The sign (Fig 14.23) shall be erected at the beginning and at intervals within, of such
sections of highways where sight distance is restricted and overtaking will be hazardous.
The sign may be dispensed with pavement markings as per IRC 35 provided for No
Overtaking Zones. The No Overtaking sign should be erected on each side of the road
at the start of the affected length and should be supplemented by repeater signs at
intervals not exceeding 400 m.
14.7.21 U-turn prohibited
The sign shall be used at the places where vehicles are forbidden to make a turn to reverse
direction of travel between the sign and the next intersection beyond it. The sign shall be
erected at the start and at intervals along section of a road on which the controlling
authority has authorized the prohibition. The spacing between any two successive signs
should not exceed 120 m on each side of the road (Fig. 14.24).
14.7.22 Right Turn & U-Turn Prohibited
The sign shall be used where right turn & U-turn are prohibited (Fig 14.25).
14.7.23 Priority to Vehicles from Opposite Direction
The sign (Fig 14.26) shall be used to indicate that drivers must give priority to vehicles
from opposite direction. It should be used only when vehicles at each end of priority
sections are clearly visible to each other. The sign must not be displayed to traffic
approaching from opposite directions. It must not be used upside down in an attempt to
imply reversed priority.
14.8 No stopping and No standing Signs
14.8.1 Size, shape and colour
The signs (Figs. 14.27 and 14.28) shall be of circular shape with a red border and blue
background. There will be an oblique red bar at 450 for the, No Standing sign and there
will be two oblique red bars at 450 and right angles to each other for No Stopping and No
Standing sign. The sizes and dimensions shall be as per Table 14.3.
14.8.2 Combination with definition plate
There shall be a definition plate below the signs carrying the words NO STANDING or
NO STOPPING & NO STANDING as applicable in English and other language as
necessary. The scope of the prohibition may be explained by inscriptions on the definition
plate specifying as the case may be
i) The days of the week during which the prohibition applies,
ii) The hours of the day during which standing is prohibited,
iii) The distance up to which the prohibition is applicable, and
iv) Exceptions granted for certain classes of road users.

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In addition, the definition plate may exhibit a single-headed arrow pointing the direction
in which the restriction is applicable if the sign is at the end of a zone, or a double-headed
arrow pointing both ways if the sign is at an intermediate point in the zone.
14.8.3 Location of NO STANDING sign
The sign (Fig 14.27) shall be erected where the controlling authority has decided to
prohibit standing of sign even for s short duration. The sign should be accompanied by
suitable kerb or carriageway markings as indicated in IRC:35. A definition plate can be
attached to sign post to convey the message more precisely.
14.8.4 Location of NO STOPPING and NO STANDING sign
The sign (Fig 14.28) shall be erected on sections of a road or street where the controlling
authority has decided to prohibit stopping of vehicles and standing and even momentary
stopping. A definition plate can be attached to sign post to convey the message more
precisely.
14.8.5 No Parking Signs in Urban Area
In urban areas, the NO PARKING sign is used on the roads to prevent any parking of
vehicles on the main carriageway which will lead to congestion. This sign may be used
along with time restriction, indicating morning and evening peak periods.
The sign shall be placed at the start of the zone till the end of the prohibition zone. Signs
should be erected within 25 m of the start and end of the prohibition. The NO
PARKING sign is placed parallel to kerb facing the carriageway and sited
approximately at 100 m intervals. Where signs are used without road markings, they
should be placed strategically rather than at fixed intervals. The aim should be that
wherever drivers might be tempted to stop, they should be see a sign. The spacing
between consecutive signs, whether or not they are on the same side of the road, should
be not more than 30 m. The sign can be accompanied by arrow showing the direction,
timings can be changed and date can be added where required.
A NO PARKING sign should be introduced only where there are no other on-street
parking controls, even if they operate at a different times of day. Where other controls are
required, the NO PARKING sign should be replaced by a prohibition of waiting and
loading sign provided accordingly. (Fig 14.29)
14.8.5.1 Parking not allowed on foot path
The sign is to be erected where the Parking is not allowed on Foot Path (Fig 14.30).
14.8.5.2 Parking not allowed on half of foot path
The sign is to be erected where the Parking is not allowed on half Foot Path (Fig 14.31).
14.9 Speed Limit and Vehicle Control Signs
14.9.1 Size, shape and colour
The signs shall be of circular shape with a red border and with white background with
black symbols and numerals. The sizes and dimensions shall be as per Table 14.3.
14.9.2 Location
These signs shall be erected at the beginning of any section of a road or the side of a
structure, which is subject to prohibition or restriction so as to face the entering traffic.
Additional signs shall be erected within the prohibited section at each intersection made
by a road which is not subject to prohibition so as to face the entering traffic and inform it
of the restriction. For speed limit, additional repeater signs may also be installed at
suitable intervals where necessary.
14.9.3 Axle load limit
The sign shall be erected where entry is prohibited for vehicles whose axle load exceeds a

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particular limit. To indicate the presence of any weak bridge ahead a definition plate with
Weak Bridge Ahead may be posted (Fig. 14.32).
14.9.4 Height limit
The sign shall be erected in advance of an overhead structure where entry is prohibited
for vehicles whose height exceeds a certain limit (Fig. 14.33).
14.9.5 Length limit
The sign shall be erected where entry of vehicles exceeding a particular length is
prohibited (Fig. 14.34).
14.9.6 Load limit
The sign shall be erected where entry is prohibited for vehicles whose laden weight
exceeds a certain limit (Fig. 14.35).
14.9.7 Width limit
The sign shall be used where entry of vehicles exceeding a particular width is prohibited
(Fig. 14.36).
14.9.8 Maximum speed limit
The sign shall be located at the beginning of the section of the road or area covered by a
speed restriction, with numerals indicating the speed limit in km per hour. The speed limit
should be marked in multiples of 5 km per hour (Fig. 14.37).
Where different speed limits are to be imposed on certain classes of motor vehicles this
shall be specified separately so as to ensure that the numerals indicating the speed limit
are clearly visible from a distance. Symbol of class of vehicle shall accompany such
speed limit indication (Fig. 14.38).
For sections of bad accident history or substandard curves, speed limit sign can be
provided in a yellow backing plate to make it more prominent. Also, the advisory speed
limit can be attached to the sign post as supplementary plate indicating the permissible
speed for the particular curve.
14.9.9 Speed limit sign in urban area
The speed limit sign in cities shall be placed on each of the roads where the speed
changes or on the exit arms of the junctions. The vehicles travelling through a junction
are reassured about the speed limit on the new road by placing a speed limit sign at 25 m
from the intersection.
The size of speed limit sign (the first sign indicating the changed speed on major road
after crossing the junction) shall be 600 mm, except for the dual carriageway roads with
speed limit of 50 kmph or more, where the sign size shall increase to 900 mm.
The repeater sign shall be placed on all roads at interval given in Table 14.4
Table 14.4 Placement of Repeater Sign

Maximum Distance (m) between

Speed Consecutive signs Consecutive signs Terminal

Size of sign
limit on alternate sides on the same side sign and first
(mm)
(kmph) of carriageway of carriageway repeater

Below 40 600 200 300 200

50 600 250 400 200

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60 600 350 500 250

80 900 450 700 350

14.9.10 Stop for police check

The sign shall be erected where the police wishes to make a check (Fig. 14.39).
14.10 Restriction Ends Sign (Fig 14.40)
14.10.1 Size, shape and colour
It shall be circular with white background. There shall be a diagonal band of black at an
angle of 45o sloping downward from right to left. The sizes and dimensions of these signs
shall be as per Table 14.3.
14.10.2 Purpose
This sign shall indicate the point at which all prohibitions notified by prohibitory signs for
moving vehicles ceases to apply.
14.11 Compulsory Direction Control and Other Signs
14.11.1 Size, shape and colour
These signs shall be circular in shape with blue background and white border (2 mm), and
having symbols in white. The size shall be as per the dimensions given in Table 14.3.
14.11.2 Compulsory Ahead , Compulsory Ahead and turn Left/Right
The signs at Fig 14.41, Fig 14.42, Fig 14.43 indicate the routes that are lawfully to be
taken and direction of movement with respect to the position of sign installed.
14.11.3 Compulsory turn Left/Right
The sign to Fig 14.44 and Fig 14.45 indicates the routes that are lawfully be taken and
direction of movement with respect to the position of sign installed. Fig 14.45 should be
used on Central Island of a roundabout to be seen by drivers on the approach road.
Where compulsory turn left or right sign is installed in advance of junction approximately
50m ahead, signs as Fig 14.46 or Fig 14.47 as appropriate should be used.
14.11.4 Compulsory keep Left/Right
The sign at Fig 14.48 shows keep left sign which is used at traffic islands, refuges, and at
the beginning of central median of a divided carriageway. It is used at the
recommencement of central median following a gap, as traffic turns right in front of the
sign without actually passing it. Fig 14.49 keep right sign is used in traffic calming
schemes and also in association with road works. The sizes of 300mm for Fig 14.48 and
Fig 14.49 can be considered when installed on bollardst.
14.11.5 Pass either side
The Pass either side sign as shown in Fig.14.50 is for use on traffic islands, usually in
one-way roads, where drivers passing either side of the sign reach the same destination
immediately beyond. It must not be used in situations where drivers would become
committed to different destinations once they had passed the sign. In this case, a plain-
faced bollard or Two way Hazard Marker (Fig 15.78) should normally be provided.
Where flag type direction signs have been erected on the traffic islands, it becomes clear
without the compulsory direction sign.
14.11.6 Minimum speed limit
Where engineering judgment determines that slow speeds, especially on an expressway,
might impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, the Minimum Speed Limit

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sign may be installed to indicate the minimum legal speed (Fig. 14.51). This shall be used
on specific sections to avoid the slow moving vehicles to improve the efficiency of the
traffic movement. It is compulsory to install the Restriction End sign at the end of the
minimum speed limit sign when restriction of minimum speed is applied for a section of
the road.
14.11.7 Compulsory cycle track/cycles only
The sign shall notify cyclists that they must use the cycle track at the entrance to which it
is placed, and shall notify the drivers of other vehicles that they are not entitled to use that
track (Fig 14.52).
14.11.8 Compulsory cyclist and pedestrian route
The sign shall be used to segregate cycle and pedestrian lanes (Fig.14.53).
14.11.9 Pedestrians only
The sign shall mean that only pedestrians are allowed and the traffic is not allowed on this
road/carriageway. The sign may be supported by supplementary plate with
PEDESTRIANS ONLY written on it (Fig 14.54).
14.11.10 Compulsory snow chain
The sign shall be used in hilly areas for compulsory use of snow chain on all vehicles
(Fig.14.55).
14.11.11 Busway/Buses only
The sign shall mean that only buses are allowed and the other traffic is not allowed on
this road/carriageway. The sign may be supported by supplementary plate with BUSES
ONLY written on it (Fig. 14.56).
14.11.12 Compulsory sound horn
The sign shall mean that the motor vehicles shall compulsorily sound horn at the location
at which sign is placed, for instance at sharp curves on hill roads (Fig 14.57).
15 CAUTIONARY/WARNING SIGNS
15.1 The detailed dimensioned drawings of normal sized sign and symbols thereon are shown
in Plate-II for ease of reproduction. For signs of other sizes, the symbols should be
proportionately reduced or enlarged. The cautionary/warning signs are listed in
Annexure-II.
15.2 Size, Shape and Colour
The signs shall be in the shape of an equilateral triangle, with apex pointing upwards. It
shall have red border and black symbols on white background. The size and siting details
shall be as per Table 15.1.
Table 15.1 The Sizes and Dimensions of Cautionary/
Warning Sign & Sitting Distances

Clear
Distance of
Side Border Visibility
Design speed Size sign from
(mm) (mm) Distances
hazard (m)
(m)
Upto 50 kmph Small 600 45 45 45
51 -65 kmph Medium 750 60 60 45-110
66- 80 kmph Normal 900 70 60 110-180
> 80 kmph Large 1200 90 90 180-245

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15.3 Location and Mounting

Warning signs should not be mounted on the same post as a STOP or GIVE WAY or
speed limit sign, nor mounted on a traffic signal post. When mounted with other types of
sign, the triangular warning signs should always be mounted at the top. Where two or
more warning signs are erected together, the sign relating to the hazard first encountered
should be placed uppermost. When a new sign is added to an existing post, it is important
to ensure that the correct order is maintained, if necessary adjusting the position of the
existing signs. The warning signs should normally be located depending upon 85 th
percentile speed of private cars (as given in Table 15.1) in advance of the hazard warned
against. Distances may be increased on steep downhill gradients to account for higher
speed.
Where map type advance direction signs are posted in advance of the intersections, the
warning signs relating to these junctions could be avoided to eliminate the crowding of
signs.
15.4 Left/Right Curve
These signs are to be used, whenever there is a need for reduction of speed due to change
of direction of alignment and radii of the curvature are below the specified limit. These
signs are intended to warn the driver to reduce the speed and proceed cautiously. The
warning signs are used sparingly. If a road has certain curves where vehicles cannot be
allowed to negotiate with the absolute speed limit or the general operating speed
established for the road, such curves shall be provided with curve warning signs on both
approaches. Supplementary plate indicating advisory speed limit can also be provided
along with cautionary sign considering the level of restriction required on the curve.
Ideally if the difference between the approach speed to a curve and the safe negotiating
speed derived based on geometric parameters of curve exceeds 15kmph, the curve shall
be provided with curve warning sign.
The left hand curve sign should be used to mark curves bending to the left and the right
hand curve sign for curves bending to the right (Fig. 15.01 & 15.02).
15.5 Right/Left Hairpin Bend
The sign should be used to mark curves of small radii, where the change of direction is so
considerable as to amount to a reversal of direction. The symbol should bend to left or
right according to the road alignment (Figs. 15.03 & 15.04).
15.6 Right/Left Reverse Bend
The sign should be erected where two curves in opposite direction are separated by a
tangent less than 120 m in length in plains and 30 m in hills. The sign may also be erected
where in the opinion of the controlling authority, the nature of the reverse bend is not
obvious to approaching drivers and constitutes a hazard. If the first curve is to the right, a
right reverse bend sign shall be used. If the first curve is to the left, a left reverse bend
sign shall be used (Figs. 15.05 & 15.06).
15.7 Series of Bends
This sign should be used to caution the driver of the presence of zig zag for a long
distance over the section of road ahead. The sign may be posted 50-100 m ahead of the
section under question. The sign may be repeated at appropriate intervals if the zig zag
road is long (Fig. 15.07).
15.8 270 Degree Loop
The sign shall be used to caution the vehicles about 270 Degree sharp loop. The sign shall
be placed at the beginning of such area. (Fig 15.08)

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15.9 Side Road

The sign should be erected (Figs. 15.09 & 15.10).in advance of the main road
intersections where in the opinion of the controlling authority, a sufficiently large volume
of entering traffic together with restricted sight distance is likely to constitute a hazard.
The sign should only be used when the drivers need to be warned of the existence of a
junction and no other indication, e.g., by a map type advance direction sign or traffic
signal is given.
15.10 Y-Intersection
The sign should be erected on the approach to a bifurcation of any road. This sign should
only be used when the driver needs to be warned of the existence of a junction and no
other indication, e g., by a map type advance direction sign or traffic signal, is given
(Figs. 15.11, 15.12 & 15.13)
15.11 Cross Road
The sign should be erected in advance of the cross road where in the opinion of the
controlling authority, a sufficiently large volume of crossing or entering traffic together
with restricted sight distance is likely to constitute a hazard. This sign should only be used
when the drivers need to be warned of the existence of an intersection and no other
indication, e.g., by an advance direction sign or traffic signal, is given (Fig. 15.14)
15.12 Roundabout
The sign should be used where it is necessary to indicate the approach to a roundabout
and adequate warning is not conveyed by a map type advance direction sign (Fig. 15.15).
15.13 Traffic Signals
This sign should be used to caution the drivers of the presence of traffic signals. This sign
may be posted 50-100 m in advance of the location of traffic signals (Fig. 15.16).
15.14 T-Intersection
The sign should be erected in advance of T-junctions where in the opinion of the
controlling authority, the nature of the intersection is not obvious to approaching drivers.
The width of bands should indicate the relative importance of the roads. This sign should
only be used when the driver needs to be warned of the existence of a junction and no
other indication, e.g., by a map type advance direction sign or traffic signal, is given (Fig.
15.17 and Fig.15.18)
15.15 Major Road Ahead
The sign should be erected in advance of crossing with a major road, where in the opinion
of the controlling authority, a sufficiently large volume of traffic together with restricted
sight distance is likely to constitute a hazard. The sign should not be used where the inter-
section is controlled by traffic signal (Fig. 15.19).
15.16 Staggered Inter-section
The sign should be used to indicate junctions where the distance between two junctions
does not exceed 60 m. This sign should only be used when the driver needs to be warned
of the existence of a junction and no other indication, e.g., by a map type advance
direction sign or traffic signal, is given (Figs. 15.20 & 15.21).
15.17 Merging Traffic Ahead
This sign is posted in situations where the traffic from other road is merging and the
drivers are required to slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.22). In special
cases of interchanges, there can be merging from the right hand side also, for which
appropriate sign shall be used as shown in Fig. 15.22.

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15.18 Narrow Road Ahead

The sign should be erected on such sections of roads where in the opinion of the
controlling authority, a sudden reduction in width of pavement causes a danger to traffic
(Fig. 15.23).
15.19 Road Widens
The sign should be erected on such sections of roads where in the opinion of the
controlling authority, the sudden widening of a road causes a danger to traffic, such as, a
two-lane road suddenly widening to a four-lane undivided carriageway (Fig. 15.24).
15.20 Narrow Bridge Ahead
The sign should be erected on roads in advance of bridges where the clear width between
kerbs or wheel guards is less than the normal width of the carriageway (Fig. 15.25).
15.21 Steep Ascent
The sign should be used 30 m before a steep upgrade where the erecting authority
considers that the steepness of the upgrade warrants a warning to the road users. A
gradient of 10 percent and above may be considered steep gradient for this purpose. The
sign should not be used unless the gradient continues for a length of about 500 m to 1 km.
It should be repeated at suitable intervals in the stretch having the steep ascent (Fig.
15.26).
15.22 Steep Descent
The sign should be used 30 m before a steep downgrade, where the erecting authority
considers that the steepness of the grade may constitute a hazard to traffic. A gradient of
10 percent and above may be considered as a steep gradient for this purpose. The sign
should not be used unless the gradient continues for a length of about 500 m. It should be
repeated at intervals in the stretch having the steep descent (Fig. 15.27).
15.23 Reduced Carriageway
This sign is used to caution the driver of the reduction in the width of the carriageway
ahead. This is applicable to undivided carriageway when some portion of the carriageway
is closed or reduced for maintenance or repairs (Figs. 15.28 & 15.29).
15.24 Start of Dual Carriageway
This sign is posted when a single carriageway ends up into dual carriageway. The sign
may be posted at 100 m from the start of dual carriageway (Fig. 15.30).
15.25 End of Dual Carriageway
This sign is posted when dual carriageway is ending and single carriageway is starting.
The sign may be posted at 100-150 m from the end of dual carriageway (Fig. 15.31).
15.26 Gap in Median
The sign should be installed ahead of a gap in the median of a divided carriageway, other
than at intersection (Fig. 15.32).
15.27 Pedestrian Crossing
The sign should be erected in advance on both approaches to uncontrolled pedestrian
crossings. This is absolutely essential when visibility of the crossing is impaired by a
bend or hump in the road (Fig. 15.33). If required, the sign can be repeated at a short
distance ahead of the pedestrian crossing, indicating the distance to the crossing with a
supplementary plate, i.e. Fig 15.33 + Supplementary plate indicating 10m or 20m.

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15.28 School Ahead

The sign should be erected where school buildings or grounds are adjacent to the road,
and where in the opinion of the controlling authority, passing traffic can create a hazard to
children (Fig. 15.34)
15.29 Built Up Area
The sign shall be used to caution the vehicles about Built up Area. The sign shall be
placed at the beginning of such area. (Fig 15.35)
15.30 Two Way Operation
This sign is used to caution the driver of a changed pattern of traffic condition on a
carriageway expected to carry traffic in one direction only. For example, on a dual
carriageway, the entire traffic is diverted to one side because of emergency or road work.
In this situation, drivers are warned by posting this sign (Fig. 15. 36).
15.31 Two Way Traffic on Cross Road Ahead
This sign is posted in a situations where the traffic on the cross road ahead is two way and
the drivers are required to slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.37)
15.32 Lane Closures
This sign is used to caution the driver of the closure of a portion of the carriageway on
multi-lane highways (Figs. 15.38, 15.39 and 15.40).
15.33 Traffic Diversion on Dual Carriageway
This sign is used to warn the driver of the diversion of traffic from one carriageway to the
other. Mostly it is used on dual carriageway when one carriageway is closed for
maintenance or due to an incident (Fig. 15.41).
15.34 Men at Work
The sign should be displayed only when men or machines are working on the road or
adjacent to it or on overhead lines or poles. The sign should be removed immediately
after the work is completed (Fig. 15.42).
The sign is generally located on the approach side of the work zone or area and another
sign with supplementary plate END shall be provided at the leaving side of the
workzone where traffic revert back to normal flow of traffic.
15.35 Danger Warning Sign
This sign is posted in situations where the vehicle driver may face any kind of danger and
the driver are required to slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.43).
15.36 Deaf or Blind Persons Likely on Road Ahead
This sign is posted only near the schools or institutions meant for hearing impaired
persons and blind persons.(Fig. 15.44) and Fig 15.45
15.37 Cycle Crossing
The sign should be erected in advance of all uncontrolled cycle crossings (Fig. 15.46).
15.38 Cycle Route Ahead (Warning for Cycles on road ahead) (Mixed Traffic
Conditions):
This sign is posted in situation where the Cycle Route is approaching, and drivers are
required to slow down (Fig. 15.47).

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15.39 Dangerous Dip

The sign should be erected where a sharp dip in the profile of the road or a causeway is
likely to cause considerable discomfort to traffic (Fig. 15.48).
15.40 Speed Breaker
This sign should be used to warn the drivers of the presence of the speed breaker. This
sign should be posted 50-60 m in advance of the speed breaker location (Fig. 15.49). If
required, the sign can be repeated at a short distance ahead of the speed breaker,
indicating the distance to the speed breaker with a supplementary plate, i.e. Fig 15.49 +
Supplementary plate indicating 10m or 20m
15.41 Rumble Strip
The sign should be posted 50-60 m in advance of the rumble strips provided on the road
to control and reduce the speed. This is to warn the drivers of the presence of the rumble
strip (Fig. 15.50). If required, the sign can be repeated at a short distance ahead of the
rumble strips, indicating the distance to the rumble strip with a supplementary plate, i.e.
Fig 15.50 + Supplementary plate indicating 10m or 20m
15.42 Rough Road
This sign is posted in situations where the road is rough and the drivers are required to
slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.51).
15.43 Dangerous Ditch
This sign is posted in situations where the road has ditch and the drivers are required to
slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.52).
15.44 Loose Gravel
The sign should be used on section of a road on which gravel may be thrown up by fast
moving vehicles. The sign should be removed immediately after the hazard is remedied
(Fig. 15.53).
15.45 Slippery Road
The sign should be erected to warn that the section of the road ahead may be particularly
slippery. The sign should be removed immediately after the hazard is remedied (Fig.
15.54).
15.46 Slippery Road because of Ice
This sign is posted in situations where the road has ice and the drivers are required to
slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.55).
15.47 Opening or Swing Bridge
This sign is posted in situations where the swing road bridge exists, and the drivers are
required to slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.56).
15.48 Overhead Cable
This sign is used to caution the driver of the presence of overhead power transmission
lines (Fig. 15.57).
15.49 Play Ground Ahead
The sign shall be used to caution the vehicles about play ground approaching. The sign
shall be placed at the beginning of such area. (Fig 15.58)
15.50 Quay Side or River Bank
This sign is used to caution the driver of the presence of the impending danger by the side
of the road due to presence of the water body (Fig. 15.59).

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15.51 Barrier
The sign should be erected in advance of a gate controlling entry into a road. A pair of
signs should be used for the purpose: (i) a warning sign with a definition plate bearing the
words SLOW, BARRIER AHEAD installed at a distance of 200 m from the barrier and
(ii) another warning sign with a definition plate bearing the words DEAD SLOW,
BARRIER AHEAD installed at a distance of 50-100 m in plain and rolling terrain and
30-60 m in hilly terrain. In case of toll barriers, the words BARRIER AHEAD may be
replaced by TOLL BARRIER AHEAD (Fig. 15.60).
15.52 Sudden Side Winds
This sign is used to caution the driver of the danger of side winds, which endanger the
lives of travelers. This sign is posted at places where such weather conditions exist. This
will enable the driver to proceed cautiously and act appropriately in case of emergency
(Fig. 15.61).
15.53 Tunnel Ahead Warning
The sign is posted in situations where the traffic approaches a tunnel and the drivers are
required to slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.62)
15.54 Ferry
The sign is intended to warn the drivers about the existence of a ferry crossing across a
river. It is recommended that pair of signs be used for this purpose, one for advance
warning located at 200 m from the ferry, and the second erected near the ferry. The
distance of the second sign from the ferry may be 50 to 100 m in plain and rolling country
and 30 to 60 m in hills depending on the design speed (Fig. 15.63).
15.55 Tram Crossing
The sign shall be used to caution the vehicles about approaching Tram Crossing. The sign
shall be placed at the beginning of such area. (Fig 15.64)
15.56 Falling Rocks
The sign should be erected wherever rocks are liable to fall on the road either seasonally
or throughout the year. The symbol may be reversed to show the side from which rock
fall is expected. The highway authorities should cover the signs during the season when
this problem does not exist (Fig. 15.65).
15.57 Cattle Crossing
The sign should be erected where there is danger due to farm animals or cattle crossing on
the road. The sign should not be used simply because animals are driven along or across
the road at frequent intervals but should be used where they cross regularly (Fig. 15.66)
15.58 Wild Animals likely to be on Road Ahead
This sign is posted in situations where the wild animals may cross the road and the drivers
are required to slow down their vehicles for safe travel (Fig. 15.67).
15.59 Queues Likely Ahead
This sign is posted in situations where the road is congested due to heavy vehicular
movement and the drivers are required to slow down their vehicles or avoid that road for
safe travel (Fig. 15.68).
15.60 Airport/Airfield
This sign is used to warn the drivers of the presence of Airport or Airfield and the sign
may be posted at 50-100 m in advance of the airport/airfield (Fig. 15.69).
15.61 Unguarded Railway Crossing

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The sign should be used on the approaches of railway level crossings where there are no
gates or other barriers. A pair of signs shall be used for the purpose: (i) an advance
warning sign located at 200 m away from the crossing and (ii) a second sign to be erected
near the crossing. The distance of the second sign from the crossing may be 50-100 m in
plain and rolling terrain and 30-60 m in hilly terrain (Fig. 15.70).
15.62 Guarded Railway Crossing
The sign should be used to warn traffic on the approaches to guarded railway crossings. A
pair of signs shall be used for the purpose (i) an advance warning sign located at 200 m
away from the crossing and (ii) a second sign to be erected near the crossing. The
distance of the second sign from the crossing maybe 50-100 m in plain and rolling terrain
and 30-60 m in hilly terrain (Fig. 15.71).
15.63 Chevron Signs
At the curved alignment of a roadway, the chevrons signs shall be used to inform the
drivers about sharpness of curve. The chevron sign shall be a vertical rectangle and shall
be installed always on the outside of a turn or curve, in line with and at approximately
right angle to approaching traffic. Spacing of Chevron signs should be such that the road
user always has at least two signs in view, until the change in alignment eliminates the
need for the sign as given in Table 15.3. Chevron signs should be visible for a sufficient
distance to provide the road user with adequate time to react to the change in alignment.
Table 15.3 Spacing of Single Chevron Signs
Distance Between Single Chevron (m)
Curve Radius(m)
On curve Before Curve
50 15 30
100 20 40
200 30 60
300 45 90
400 60 120
500 70 140
>500 80 150
Depending upon the sharpness of curve, single Chevron (Fig. 16.72), Double Chevron
sign (Fig 15.74) and Triple Chevron Sign Fig 15.75) can be installed. If the Single
Chevron signs are to be used for roads operating at or more than 100kmph, relatively
bigger size single chevron (Fig 15.73) shall be used.
15.64 Hazard Marker
Road side hazard like bridges, tress which are coming in the roadway are to be
illuminated by retro reflective Object Hazard Markers (OHM) and for a left side hazard
Fig 15.76 shall be used and for a right hazard Fig 15.77 shall be used. If traffic is allowed
to pass on either side the triangular island Two Hazard Marker Fig 15.78 shall be used.

16 INFORMATORY SIGNS
16.1 The signs illustrated in this section give information to the road user regarding their
location or facilities available in the vicinity or about the destination. The detailed
dimensioned drawings for direction information signs with guidance for design are shown
in Plate-III and design principles are presented in Annexure-III. For facility information
signs for normal sizes are shown in Plate-IV and signs of other sizes the symbols should
be proportionately reduced or enlarged. The facility information signs are listed in
Annexure-IV.

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16.2 The signs are classified under the following sub-heads keeping in view their design and
application:
1) Direction and Place Identification signs
2) Facility Information signs
3) Other Useful Information Signs
4) Parking Signs, and
5) Flood Gauge

16.3 Direction and Place Identification Signs

Following are the functions of the direction signs:
It should give drivers advance information of their approach to a junction
It should indicate the type of junction
It should inform them of the destinations that may be reached from each exit
It should identify the route and indicate its status within network
16.3.1 Shape, colour and language of inscription
These signs shall be rectangular. However direction signs may be in the shape of an
elongated rectangle with the longer side horizontal, terminating in an arrowhead. The
colour pattern for direction signs are given in Table 8.3 and size of the letters shall be as
per Table 11.1. The English font shall be Transport Medium and Hindi shall be
Hindi7. The design principles are presented pictorially in Figs 16.01 to 16.16. All
messages, borders, and legends shall be retro-reflective and all background shall be retro-
reflective or illuminated.
16.3.2 Advance direction signs
The sign indicates the routes ahead by showing the names of particular places with arrow
symbols indicating directions. If desired, distance of places in km may be shown after the
destination names. If more than one place is to be shown in the same direction, the names
of the places may be grouped and a single arrow used for direction indication. Names/
Group of names of places be separated by a line as shown in Fig. 16.01. These are called
as stack type sign. On high speed roads where the junctions are complex in layout, large
size signs (map type signs) shown in Fig. 16.02 may be employed. In situation where
rotary (roundabout) inter-section exists, signs as shown in Fig. 16.03 may be employed.
The signs can be either shoulder mounted or gantry mounted. Gantry mounted signs are
generally used for grade separated intersections. The sign shall normally be located at a
distance from the intersection as given in Table 11.1.
Far Advance Direction Signs shall be showing direction and destination with arrow, and
also whenever applicable, with route numbers also.
16.3.2.1 Advance direction signs
Map type of sign is designed based on the junction configuration and geometry.
However it can be modified in terms of shape and composition for increasing the
clarity and aesthetics.
In a roundabout junction sign, the recommended minimum angle for cut-out is 25.
The purpose of the cut-out is to emphasize that all traffic must travel in a clockwise
direction.
Where a roundabout is offset from the main direction of travel, it may be
appropriate to show a curved approach arm on the advanced direction sign.

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16.3.2.2 Siting of advance direction signs

Junction Reference point: The distance in advance of junction at which Advance
Direction signs should be sited is measured from the junction reference point. The
reference point is defined below.
Interchanges: the point at which carriageway widens to form the exit road and for at-
grade Junctions from:
STOP or Give Way line
The point at which the carriageway first widens to form additional turning lanes or
slip roads.
16.3.2.3 Siting of advance direction signs for interchanges
The standard distances at which Far Advance Direction sign and Advance Direction Sign
would be sited are shown in Table 11.1. This shall be applicable for expressways or
highways with major interchanges. However, if the distance between the next junction is
less than 1 km (a likely case in urban areas), only Advance direction sign shall be used.
For grade separated intersections, (i.e. where the traffic movement occurs on two or more
than two levels), two advanced direction signs should be provided. The first Far Advance
Direction sign, is located 750m to 1.5km from the exit, which should be preferably gantry
mounted sign. The second advance direction sign is located 250m to 750m from the exit.
It should be gantry mounted; but at intersections where the number of through lanes
remains constant, it may be shoulder mounted. Additionally a map type and stack type
direction sign can be installed at 100m to 250m ahead of exit.
16.3.2.4 Stack type advance direction sign
Stack type signs are intended for use only at simple junctions and should not
indicate more than three directions as the sign would then become difficult to
read
Both the arrow and the panel are centred vertically on the sign
Arrows may be vertical or horizontal or at any angle (increments of 22.5o)
When more than one destination is shown, following should be considered:
Ahead destination with vertical arrow on right hand side of destination block
Destination to the right with the arrow on the right of the destination block
Destination to the left with the arrow on the right of the destination block
16.3.2.5 Destination sign
The sign should be posted in advance at intersections of major importance or at
intersections where approach speeds are high requiring advance information. The places
with vertical arrow shall be at the top, the right arrow next, and the left arrow at the
bottom of the assembly. The maximum number of destinations in a single destination sign
shall not exceed three (Fig. 16.01).
16.3.3 Directional sign (flag type)
The sign (Fig.16.04) shows where a road leads to and indicates the names of towns;
railway stations, aerodromes, or public centers, and the distance by road to them.
Direction is indicated by the arrowhead at the end of the sign board, the board being
placed generally parallel to the road leading to the place named. These types of sign are
called as Flag type signs. The siting of the direction sign shall be as per the provisions of
Table 11.1. It should be visible to the drivers both during approach and while making the
turn (with minimum clear visibility distance).

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16.3.4 Reassurance sign or route confirmatory sign

The sign (Fig.16.05) should be erected on important roads beyond an intersection or
junction, to reassure a driver of a vehicle that the desired direction is being followed. A
route confirmatory sign shall normally show the route number, destination ahead and
distance to the destination. If two place names along with their distances have to be
shown, the upper name should be of the place with larger population or maximum
importance on the route and the next name being of the place next in the order of
importance.
16.3.4.1 Siting of reassurance sign
It should be placed 60 m beyond the far shoulder or curb line of the intersected road of
the junction. In urban areas, reassurance sign may be placed in between intersections so
as to keep the user informed.
The names of the destination places should be the same as shown on the advance
direction signs placed before the intersection. For major interchanges, it should be placed
within a distance of 200 m from the last point at which vehicle could join the main
carriageway. It may also be used along a route at spacing not greater than 10 km on
highways or expressways.
16.3.5 Place/City identification
The sign (Fig. 16.06) should be used along highways to mark entrance to the place or
city. It should be erected at the entrance to the area incorporated in the local authority. If
the built-up area does not extend to the corporate line at the point where it crosses the
highway, then the sign should be placed inside the incorporated area 90 m in advance of
the edge of the built-up section.
16.3.6 Truck lay by
Along the highways, the provision of Truck Lay-by, has become necessary and as such
the truck drivers must be adequately informed of the availability of such a facility. The
sign of the type shown in Fig. 16.07 is to be provided with the directional arrow showing
the direction in which the facility is located. These signs are posted in advance of the
location where truck lay-by is provided.
16.3.7 Toll booth ahead
The sign is used to indicate the location of toll booth where charges are levied and
collected from the road users for their use of road facilities. The sign shown in Fig 16.08
is to be provided. The sign is posted 500 to 1000 m ahead of the toll booth.
16.3.8 Weigh bridge ahead
The sign is used to indicate the drivers of trucks or heavy goods vehicles the location of
weigh bridge station. The distance or direction arrow may be included below the text.
This is provided in advance of the facility so that driver can reduce the speed and leave
the highway safely. (Fig. 16.09)
16.3.9 Gantry mounted signs
The gantry mounted signs are made for different situations. These are made for both lane
specific and non-lane specific directions, and can include more than one destination on
the same line. Further, the first gantry may include junction name panel at the top of the
gantry assembly.
Fig 16.10 presents a design for gantry mounted direction boards to be placed ahead of a
traffic diverging point on main highway where grade separated movement has been
facilitated for main highway traffic.

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Fig 16.11 presents a design for gantry mounted direction boards to be placed ahead of a
at-grade junction where right turning movement has been facilitated by a priority or
signal controlled junction.
Fig 16.12 presents a design for gantry mounted direction boards to be placed far ahead of
traffic diverging point on full access controlled and grade separated highway like
expressway.
Fig 16.13 presents a design for lane specific gantry signs where dedicated lanes have
been made for destinations mentioned in the gantry boards.
Fig 16.16 presents a design for gantry mounted signs in urban or city road ahead of a
flyover where at-grade movement has been facilitated below the flyover for right turning
traffic.
17 FACILITY INFORMATION SIGNS
The signs illustrated in this section give information to the road user regarding location
and availability of services in the vicinity.
17.1 Size, shape and colour
These signs shall be rectangular and have a blue background, while black symbol shall be
displayed in White Square to indicate the facility. The size of the normal sign shall be 800
mm x 600 mm and of the small sized sign 600 mm x 450 mm. Size of the symbol shall be
as shown in the Fig 16.11. On the blue band at the bottom of the sign, the distance to the
facility indicated or to entry of the road leading to it, may be inscribed in white. The signs
may also be set up at the entry to the road leading to the facility and may then bear a
white directional arrow on the blue part at the bottom. For Expressways, the size shall be
1200 mm x 900 mm.
17.2 Eating place
The sign should be used to indicate where a regular eating place is located (Fig. 17.01).
17.3 Light refreshments
The sign should be use to indicate a place where light refreshments would be available
(Fig. 17.02).
17.4 Resting place
The sign should be used to indicate where facilities for resting and lodging would be
available. It shall be combined with a separate definition plate, indicating whether the
place is a Rest House, Motel, Hotel, etc. (Fig. 17.03).
17.5 First aid post
The sign should be used to notify the drivers of vehicles on long stretches of roads in
rural areas of the first aid facility which may be helpful in case of emergency (Fig.
17.04).
17.6 Toilet
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Toilet facilities. The sign shall be
placed at the beginning of such facilities (Fig.17.05).
17.7 Filling station (fuel pump)
The sign should be erected on long stretches of roads in rural and urban areas at the entry
to the road leading to the facility including CNG filling stations. It is not necessary when
the facility is within sight and available at reasonably frequent intervals along the route
(Fig. 17.06).

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17.8 Hospital
The sign should be used to notify drivers of vehicles that they should take the precautions
required near medical establishments and in particular that they should not make any
unnecessary noise. The sign also serves to indicate the location of hospital where medical
facilities will be available. (Fig. 17.07)
17.9 Public telephone
The sign should be erected on long stretches of roads in rural areas indicating the distance
to the nearest public telephone on supplementary plate, especially where it is in
inconspicuous position (Fig. 17.08).
17.10 U-turn ahead
The sign is positioned on the median in advance of the entrance to a U turn (Fig. 17.09).
The required sight distances are given in Table 17.1.
Table 17.1 Placement of U-turn Ahead Sign

Sight Distance
Design Speed (kmph)
(m)
0-60 30
60-80 45
Above 80 60
The distances should be measured from the beginning of deceleration lane. If such lane
not provided, then 100 m should be added to the above mentioned sight distances.
17.11 Pedestrian subway
To guide the pedestrian traffic to the Subway. The plate may be extended to show the
direction arrow below the text (Fig. 17.10).
17.12 Foot over bridge
It is used to inform pedestrians of the location of pedestrian foot over bridge. Signs are
erected at both sides of the carriageway for traffic approaching from both directions (Fig.
17.11).
17.13 Chair lift
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Chair Lift facility. The sign shall be
placed at the beginning of such facility (Fig.17.12).
17.14 Police station
The sign should be erected at the places where the Police Station is situated nearby (Fig.
17.13).
17.15 Picnic site
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Picnic Site. The sign shall be placed at
the beginning of such areas (Fig. 17.14).
17.16 Repair facilities
The sign should be erected at the places where the repair facilities are available.
(Fig.17.15).
17.17 Railway station/metro station/monorail station
The sign should be erected at the places where the Railway Station/ Metro station or any
other mass transit station is situated nearby (Fig. 17.16).

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17.18 Industrial area

The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about industrial area. The sign shall be
placed at the beginning of such areas (Fig. 17.17).
17.19 Cycle-rickshaw stand
The sign is to be erected where the cycle-rickshaws are to wait (Fig 17.18).
17.20 Taxi stand
The sign is to be erected where the taxis are expected to wait when not engaged/hired
(Fig. 17.19).
17.21 Auto-rickshaw stand
The sign is to be erected where the auto-rickshaws are to wait (Fig 17.20).
17.22 Home zone
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about home zone, generally useful for traffic
calming measures which will entail slowing down to required speed levels as well as no
honking. The sign shall be placed at the beginning of such area (This sign can be used in
both rural and urban areas) (Fig. 17.21).
17.23 Camp site
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Camp Site. The sign shall be placed at
the beginning of such areas. (Fig. 17.22)
17.24 Airport
The sign should be erected at the places where the Airport is situated nearby (Fig. 17.23).
17.25 Golf course
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Golf Course. The sign shall be placed
at the beginning of such facility (Fig. 17.24).
17.26 National heritage
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about national Heritage Area. The sign shall
be placed at the beginning of such area (Fig.17.25).
17.27 No through road
The sign should be erected at the entrance to a road from which there is no exit (Fig.
17.26).
17.28 No through side road
The sign should be erected on the main road, with appropriate variations to the symbol so
as to show the road layout, where it is considered essential to give advance indication of a
No Through' Side Road (Fig. 17.27).
17.29 Toll road ahead
This sign shall provide information to all vehicles about Toll roads and shall be installed
at the beginning of such road (Fig.17.28)
17.30 Guide sign for ETC lane
This sign shall be used to inform vehicle about Guide sign on Toll Lane Portal (Fig.
17.29)
17.31 Country border
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Border of country. The sign shall be
placed at the beginning of such location (Fig.17.30).

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17.32 Entry ramp for expressway

The sign is erected where there is Entry ramp to expressway (Fig.17.31).
17.33 Exit ramp for expressway
The sign is erected where there is Exit ramp to expressway (Fig.17.32).
17.34 Expressway symbol
This sign is erected at entry of Expressways (Fig. 17.33).

17.35 End of expressway

This sign is erected at the end of Expressway (Fig 17.34).
17.36 Bus stop
The sign should be erected at the places where the buses are designated to stop (Fig.
17.35).
17.37 Bus lane
This sign is installed to inform the drivers of the presence of reserved bus lane in the
carriageway. The operation of bus lane is supported by appropriate markings on the
pavement to delineate the lane and indicate the bus only lane markings. These are
generally mounted overhead with appropriate support (Fig. 17.36).
17.38 Contra flow bus lane
This sign is installed to indicate the presence of bus lane to permit the operation of buses
in the opposing direction of flow on one-way streets (Fig. 17.37).
17.39 Cycle lane
This sign provides information about Cycle Lane to road users (Figs. 7.38).
17.40 Contra flow cycle lane
This sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Contra flow of Cycles and shall be
installed before beginning of such lane (Fig.17.39).
17.41 Holiday chalets
The sign shall be used to inform the vehicles about Holiday Chalets. The sign shall be
placed at the beginning of such areas (Fig. 17.40).
17.42 Emergency exit in tunnel
The sign shall be used to inform people about emergency exit. The sign shall be placed at
such areas as tunnel etc. (Figs. 17.41 & 17.42).
18 OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION SIGNS
The shape and colour of these signs shall be the same as those of Facility Information
signs. The symbols shall be according to the drawings shown in respective sign.
18.1 Parking Signs (Figs. 18.01 to 18.06)
The parking sign, which may be set up parallel to the axis of the road, should indicate the
places where parking of vehicles is authorized. The sign shall be square of 600 mm x 600
mm size. It shall bear the letter P in white colour. The background colour shall be blue
with white border (Fig 18.01). Symbols or inscriptions on an additional plate below the
sign may show the direction in which the parking places lie or the categories of vehicles
for which parking is reserved.

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18.2 Auto rickshaw parking

This sign will indicate Auto Rickshaw Parking (Fig 18.02).
18.3 Cycle parking
This sign will indicate Cycle Parking (Fig 18.03).
18.4 Cycle rickshaw parking
This sign will indicate Cycle Rickshaw Parking (Fig 18.04).
18.5 Scooter and motorcycle parking
This sign will indicate Scooter & Motorcycle Parking (Fig 18.05)
18.6 Taxi parking
This sign will indicate Taxi Parking (Fig. 18.06).
18.7 Park and ride
The sign is to be erected where the parking is allowed only for riding the public transport
vehicle (Fig.18.07 & 18.08).
18.8 Parking restrictions signs for traffic management
The sign is to be erected where the parking is not allowed for specified durations for
Traffic management (Fig. 18.09).
18.9 Flood Gauge Sign
The sign should be installed at causeways and submersible bridges or culverts to indicate
to the road users the height of the flood above the road level (Fig. 18.10).
19 SIGNS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
19.1 The international symbol of accessibility
The international symbol of access (ISA) also known as the international wheelchair
symbol. It is used as informatory sign with blue background and image of a person using
a wheelchair overlaid in white. The wheel chair figure should always be seen facing right
(Fig 19.01).
19.2 Size, shape and colour
These signs shall be rectangular and have a blue background, while white symbol shall be
displayed to indicate the facility. The size of the normal sign shall be 600 mm x 600 mm
and the symbol shall be as shown in Fig. 19.01.
19.3 Parking Information
The parking area should be indicated using a signage to reserved vehicle parking for users
with disabilities. Since the wheelchair is always to be shown facing right, the direction of
the parking should be indicated using an arrow (Fig.19.02 and (Fig. 19.03).
19.4 Ramped entrance to subway/over bridge
These sign shall inform the persons with disabilities about the ramp facility to enter
subway/over bridge. These signs shall be rectangular and have a blue background, while
white symbol shall be displayed to indicate the facility (Fig. 19.04).
19.5 Telephone facility
The Telephone facility should be indicated using a signage for a persons with disabilities
(Fig.19.05).

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19.6 Toilet facility

The Toilet area should be indicated using a signage for a person with disabilities
(Fig.19.06).
19.7 Way finding sign for disabled
The Way finding sign should be indicated using a signage for a disable person
(Fig.19.07).
20 ROUTE MARKER SIGNS
Route Marker signs are proposed in respect of National Highways, State Highways,
Expressways and Asian Highways. The following characteristics for Route Marker Signs
are recommended :
i) Uniform shape of route markers for different types of roads.
ii) Colour coded and simple shape with contrasting colours of letters for better
recognition.
iii) Prominence given to number of route and colour background for quick grasp by the
driver.
20.1 State highway route marker sign
The State Highway Route Marker Sign shall consist of a shield with Retro Reflective
Green Colour Base and White Symbol and Border on a rectangular plate of 450 mm X
600 mm. The shape, size and spacing of letters and numerals shall conform to those given
in (Fig.20.01).
Location: The sign shall be erected on State Highway route ahead of the intersections of
other important roads, immediately after the intersections as confirmatory Route Markers,
at suitable locations through built-up areas, and at such other point that may be
considered necessary to guide the through traffic. On roads without kerbs, the sign shall
be erected with clear distance of two to three metres from the edge of the carriageway. On
the roads with kerbs, the sign post shall not be less than 600 mm away from the edge of
the kerb.
The Distance (along the State Highway) of the sign from the junction, on either side of it
shall be 100 to 150 m. Also, it shall be fixed on the left hand side as one approaches the
junction.
20.2 National highway route marker sign
The National Highway Route Marker Sign shall consist of a shield with Retro Reflective
Yellow Colour Base and Black Symbol and Border on a rectangular plate of 450 mm X
600 mm. The shape, size and spacing of letters and numerals shall conform to those given
in (Fig. 20.02).
Location: The sign shall be erected on National Highway route ahead of the intersections
of other important roads, immediately after the intersections as confirmatory Route
Markers, at suitable locations through built-up areas, and at such other point that may be
considered necessary to guide through traffic. On roads without kerbs, the sign shall be
erected with clear distance of two to three metres from the edge of the carriageway. On
the roads with kerbs, the sign post shall not be less than 600 mm away from the edge of
the kerb.
The Distance (along the National Highway) of the sign from the junction, on either side
of it, shall be 100 to 150 m. Also, it shall be fixed on the left hand side as one approaches
the junction.

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20.3 Asian highway route marker sign

The Asian Highway Route Marker Sign shall consist of a shield with Retro-Reflective
Green Colour Base and White Symbol and Border on a rectangular plate of 450 mm x
600 mm. The sign consists of the letters AH followed by the number in Arabic numerals
assigned to the route. The shape, size and spacing of letters and numerals shall conform to
those given in Fig. 20.03.
Location: The sign shall be erected on Asian Highway route ahead of the intersections of
other important roads, or Asian Highways immediately after the intersections as
confirmatory AH Route Markers, at suitable locations through built-up areas, and at such
other point that may be considered necessary to advise the travelers of the presence of the
Asian Highways. On roads without kerbs, the sign post shall be erected with clear
distance of two or three metres from the edge of the carriageway. On roads with kerbs,
the sign post shall not be less than 600 mm away from the edge of the kerb.
The Distance of these sign posts from the junction along the Asian Highway, on either
side of it, shall be 150 to 200 m. Also, it shall be fixed on the left hand side as one
approaches the junction.
The sign shall be supplemented to the NH, SH or Expressway Route Marker Sign
depending upon the category of the road that is classified also as part of the Asian
Highway network within the country.
20.4 Expressway route marker sign
The Expressway Route Marker Sign shall consist of a shield with Retro-Reflective Blue
Colour Base and Black Symbol Border on a rectangular plate of 450 mm x 600 mm. The
shape, size and spacing of letters and numerals shall conform to those given in Fig. 20.04.
Location: The sign shall be erected on Expressway route ahead of the intesections of
other important roads, immediately after the intersections as confirmatory Route Markers,
at suitable locations through built-up areas, and at such other point that may be
considered necessary to guide the through traffic. On roads without kerbs, the sign post
shall be erected with clear distance of two or three metres from the edge of the
carriageway. On roads with kerbs, the sign post shall not be less than 600 mm away from
the edge of the kerb.
The Distance (along the Expressways) of the sign from the junction (interchange), on
either side of it, shall be 150 to 200 m. Also, it shall be fixed on the left hand side as one
approaches the junction (interchange).
21 GUIDELINES FOR SIGNS ON EXPRESSWAYS
An expressway is a divided highway for high speed traffic with full control of access.
21.1 General
The signing system for expressways should help road user to get clear and progressive
direction information to avoid possible inconvenience by missing proper entry or exit.
Apart from the direction information signs, alignment delineation signing and hazard
adjacent to high speed traffic are important while considering signing for exprseeway.
The Vulnerable Road Users like pedestrians and cyclist are not present and the signs
catering their need are not required in the main alignment.
Signs are designed so that they are legible to road users approaching them and can be read
in time to permit proper responses. Desired design characteristics include: (a) long
visibility distances, (b) large lettering and symbols, and (c) short legends for quick
comprehension.

Page 46 of 49
 IRC: 67- 2011
Oct. 2011

21.2 Colour of Signs

The colour of all type of signs except direction informatory sign shall be same as that of
Plate-I, and Plate-II whereas for direction information signs, it shall be white lettering,
border and arrows on blue background. In case of Facility signs, black symbol is
displayed within white square in blue background
21.3 Format of Legends on Overhead and Shoulder Mounted Signs
The legend on all signboards shall be bilingual- regional/local language and English
except on those signboards located at entry and/exit points of Expressways. Entry/Exit
shall have inscriptions in regional/local language, Hindi and English. The font type shall
be as per Table 21.1.
Table 21.1 Font Type for Inscription in Expressway Sings

S.N Language Font type

1. Hindi Hindi7
2. English Transport Medium
3. Regional Language As per local practice

21.4 Warrants for Sign Installation

The Siting of regulatory and warning signs shall follow the guidelines mentioned in
respective sections. Distances of installation shall be based on the speeds and clear
visibility distance as mentioned in Table 11.1.
21.5 Sizes of the Signs
Sizes of the signs should be decided based on the prevailing speeds on the type of the
roads as shown in the Table 21.2.
Table 21.2 Sizes of Different Types of Sign in Expressways

Size (mm)for Size (mm) for

Sign Shape Speed 80 -100 Speed more
kmph than 100 kmph
STOP Sign Octagonal 900 1200
GIVE WAY Sign Triangle 900 1200
Prohibitory Signs Circle 900 1200
No Parking and 900
Circle 1200
No Stopping , No Standing Signs
Speed Limit and Vehicle Control
Circle 1200 1200
Signs
Cautionary Signs Triangle 1200 1200

21.6 Siting of the signs with respect to Carriageway

Generally, siting of the signs shall be as per the details given in Section 4.
21.7 Size of Letters
Size of letters should be as per Table 11.1. Normally, sign size is determined by the
length of the message and size of the letters necessary for proper legibility.

Page 47 of 49
 IRC: 67- 2011
Oct. 2011

For supplementary plates attached with facility signs, regulatory signs or cautionary signs
the recommended letter size is 100 mm. The text added with some of the regulatory signs
for information like timings dates or days can be in 100 - 125 mm letter size.
21.8 Guidelines for Informatory Signs Installation
General guidelines given in Sections 1 to 20 as relevant for informatory signs shall apply
except for the following signs.
21.8.1 Direction signs
The Direction signs should be either gantry or shoulder mounted. These signs shall be
used for grade separated Entry and Exit to the expressways. Advance Direction signs
should be placed normally at 1 km and Far Advance Direction signs normally at 2 km in
advance of the exit.
21.8.2 Exit direction signs
The Exit Direction sign repeats the route and destination information that was shown on
the Advance Information sign(s) for the next exit, and thereby assures road users of the
destination served and indicates whether they exit to the left or right for that destination.
Shoulder mounted Exit Direction signs should be installed at the beginning of the
deceleration lane. If there is less than 90 m from the beginning of the deceleration lane,
the Exit Direction sign should be installed overhead over the exiting lane.
21.8.3 Distance signs
Distances to the same destinations should be shown at 5 km intervals. The distances
displayed on these signs should be the actual distance to the destination points and not the
distance to the exit from the expressway.
22 GUIDELINES FOR SIGNS ON URBAN AND CITY ROADS
22.1 General
The signing system for urban and city roads should help road user to get clear and
unambiguous information where there could be many advertisement hoardings and road
side activities. The Vulnerable Road Users like pedestrians and cyclists and signs for
disabled people would play important role in urban and city road signing.
Signs are designed so that they are legible to road users approaching them and can be read
in time to permit proper responses. Desired design characteristics include: (a) long
visibility distances, (b) large lettering and symbols, and (c) short legends for quick
comprehension.
22.2 Colour of Signs
The colour of all types of signs except direction informatory sign shall be same as that of
Plate-I, and Plate-II, whereas for direction information signs, it shall be white lettering,
border and arrows on blue background. In case of facility signs, black symbol is displayed
within white square in blue background.
22.3 Format of legends on Overhead and Shoulder mounted Signs
The legend on all signboards shall be bilingual- regional/local language and English
except on those signboards located at entry and/exit points of Expressways. Entry/Exit
shall have inscriptions in regional/local language, Hindi and English. The font type shall
be as per Table 22.1.

Page 48 of 49
 IRC: 67- 2011
Oct. 2011

Table 22.1 Font Type for Inscription in Signs of city Roads

S.No Language Font type

1. Hindi Hindi7

2. English Transport Medium

3. Regional Language As per local practice

22.4 Warrants for Sign Installation

The Siting of regulatory and warning signs shall follow the guidelines mentioned in
respective sections. Distances of installation shall be based on the speeds and clear
visibility distance as mentioned in Table 11.1.
22.5 Sizes of the Signs
Sizes of the signs should be decided based on the prevailing speeds on the type of the
roads given in Table 14.3 and Table 15.1.
22.6 Siting of the signs with respect to Carriageway
Generally, siting of the signs shall be as per Section 4. Where, however, site condition
demand any deviation, the competent authority may decide after due consultation with
traffic engineering specialist.
22.7 Size of Letters
Size of letters should be as per Table 11.1.
For supplementary plates attached with facility signs, regulatory signs or cautionary signs
the recommended letter size is 100 mm. The text added with some of the regulatory signs
for information like timings, dates or days can be in 100 - 125 mm letter size.
22.8 Guidelines for Informatory Signs Installation
General guidelines given in Sections 1 to 20 as relevant for informatory signs shall be
adopted for installation of signs in urban and city roads.
22.8.1 Gantry mounted signs
Gantry mounted signs given in Fig 16.16 as appropriate for a location ahead of a flyover
in an urban situation.
23 SIGN PLAN EXAMPLES FOR TYPICAL SITUATIONS
Sign plans for some typical situations are presented in Annexure V, Figure V.1 to Figure
V.10. The signs shown in these plans are indicative only, and are not the only signs to be
used in such road layouts. To cater to the specific road environment and road users likely to
use these locations, other signs are also required to be installed. Engineer is required to
prepare a full sign plan and necessary estimate for implementation. If required, advice of
traffic engineering expert may be sought for this.
Figure 1 Sign plan for a 3 armed priority junction, primarily showing the direction information and
junction control signs.
Figure 2 Sign plan for a 4 armed junction, showing the direction information and junction priority.

Figure 3 Sign plan for a roundabout indicating the direction information and traffic regulation signs.

Page 49 of 49
 IRC: 67- 2011
Oct. 2011

Figure 4 Sign plan showing the essential signs to be installed when a relatively high speed highway
passes through a town/village having vulnerable road users on both sides of highway.

Figure 5 Sign plan for a junction with low trafficked road on one side of the highway, provided with
the speed breaker and signs for the side road.
Figure 6 Sign plan for a flyover approach in a non-urban section, mainly giving direction signs for
traffic from the main highway, and the direction information for the junction below the
flyover.
Figure 7 Sign plan for curve delineation in a divided highway, showing the positions of chevron signs
on curves, and the convention to be followed while installing hazard markers.
Figure 8 Sign plan showing guide signs for one of the approaches of a cloverleaf interchange, primarily
the direction signs, and also the gantry signs indicating lane assignment near the exit.

Figure 9 Sign plan for a flyover approach in an urban section, mainly direction signs for traffic from the
main highway, and the direction information for the junction below the flyover.

Figure 10 Sign plan for information on Rest and Service Area

Page 50 of 49
Plate I to IV
 Plate - I

STOP and GIVE WAY SIGNS

Fig. 14.01 STOP Fig. 14.02 GIVE WAY

Fig. 14.03 Give Way to Buses

Exiting the Bus Bay
 Plate - I (Continued)

PROHIBTORY SIGNS

Fig. 14.04 Bullock carts Prohibited Fig. 14.05 Bullock and hand carts Prohibited

Fig. 14. 06 Hand carts Prohibited Fig. 14.07 Tongas Prohibited

Fig. 14.08 Horse Riding Prohibited Fig. 14.09 Caravan not allowed
 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.10 Buses Prohibited Fig.14.11 Cars Prohibited

Fig. 14.12 Trucks Prohibited Fig. 14.13 Tractor

Fig. 14.14 Construction Fig. 14.15 Articulated Vehicles

Vehicle Prohibited Movement Prohibited
 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.16 Two Wheeler Fig. 14.17 Cycles Prohibited

Prohibited

Fig.14.18 Horn Prohibited Fig. 14.19 No Entry

Fig. 14.20 One Way Fig. 14.21 Left Turn Prohibited

 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.22 Right Turn Prohibited Fig. 14.23 Overtaking Prohibited

Fig. 14.24 U- Turn Prohibited Fig. 14.25 Right turn & U-trun Prohibited

Fig. 14.26 Priority to Vehicles from the

Opposite Direction
 Plate - I (Continued)

NO PARKING and NO STOPPING SIGNS

Fig. 14.27 No Standing Fig. 14.28 No Stopping and No Standing

262.0

784.3

Definition Plate to Fig 14.28(Optional)

P
Fig. 14.29 No Parking
162.0

703.8

Definition Plate to Fig 14.29(Optional)

Fig. 14.30 Parking not Allowed on Footpath Fig. 14.31 Parking Not Allowed on
Half of Foot Path
 Plate - I (Continued)

VEHICLE CONTROL SIGNS and SPEED LIMIT

Fig. 14.32 Axle Load Limit Fig. 14.33 Height Limit

Fig. 14.34 Length Limit Fig. 14.35 Load Limit

Fig. 14.36 Width Limit Fig. 14.37 Maximum Speed Limit

 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.38 Maximum Fig. 14.39 Stop for Police Check

Speed Limit (Vehicle Type)

RESTRICTION ENDS SIGNS

Fig. 14.40 Restriction Ends

COMPULSORY CONTROL and OTHER SIGNS

Fig. 14.41 Compulsory Ahead Fig. 14.42 Compulsory

Ahead or Right Turn
 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.43 Compulsory Fig. 14.44 Compulsory Turn Right

Ahead or Left Turn

Fig. 14.45 Compulsory Turn Left Fig. 14.46 Compulsory Turn Right

Fig. 14.47 Compulsory Turn Left Fig. 14.48 Compulsory Keep Left
 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.49 Compulsory Keep Right Fig. 14.50 Pass Either Side

Fig. 14.52 Compulsory Cycle

Fig. 14.51 Minimum Speed Limit Track/Cycle Only

Fig. 14.53 Compulsory Cyclist and Fig. 14.54 Pedestrian Only

Pedestrian Route
 Plate - I (Continued)

Fig. 14.56 Bus Way/Buses Only

Fig. 14.55 Compulsory Snow Chain

Fig. 14.57 Compulsory Sound Horn

 Plate - II

CAUTIONARY WARNING SIGNS

Fig. 15.01 Left Hand Curve Fig. 15.02 Right Hand Curve

Fig. 15.03 Right Hairpin Bend Fig. 15.04 Left Hairpin Bend

Fig. 15.05 Right Reverse Bend Fig. 15.06 Left Reverse Bend
 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.07 Series of Bends Fig. 15.08 270 Degree Loop

Fig. 15.09 Side Road Right Fig. 15.10 Side Road Left

Fig. 15.11 Y- Intersection Fig. 15.12 Y-Intersection

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.13 Y-Intersection Fig. 15.14 Cross Road

Fig. 15.15 Roundabout Fig. 15.16 Traffic Signals

Fig. 15.17 T-Intersection Fig. 15.18 T- Intersection Major Road Ahead

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.19 Major Road Ahead Fig. 15.20 Staggered Intersection

Fig. 15.21 Staggered Intersection Fig. 15.22 Merging Traffic Ahead (From Left)

Fig. 15.22 Merging Traffic Ahead (From Right) Fig. 15.23 Narrow Road Ahead
 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.24 Road Widens Fig. 15.25 Narrow Bridge Ahead

Fig. 15.26 Steep Ascent Fig. 15.27 Steep Descent

Fig. 15.28 Reduced Carriageway Fig. 15.29 Reduced Carriageway

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.30 Start of Dual Carriageway Fig. 15.31 End of Dual Carriageway

Fig. 15.32 Gap in Median Fig. 15.33 Pedestrian Crossing

Fig. 15.34 School Ahead Fig. 15.35 Built-up Area

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.36 Two Way Operation Fig. 15.37 Two way Traffic on Cross
Road Ahead Warning

Fig. 15.38 Lane Closed Fig. 15.39 Lane Closed

(Two Lane Carriageway) (Three Lane Carriageway)

Fig. 15.40 Lane Closed Fig. 15.41 Traffic Diversion on

(Four Lane Carriageway) Dual Carriageway
 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.42 Men at Work

162.0
Fig.15.43 Danger Warning
270.1

Fig. 15.42+Supplimentory Plate END

at the Leaving Side of Work Zone

Fig. 15.44 Deaf Persons Likely on Fig. 15.45 Blind Persons Likely on
Road Ahead Road Ahead

Fig. 15.46 Cycle Crossing Fig. 15.47 Cycle Route Ahead

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.48 Dangerous Dip Fig. 15.49 Speed Breaker

Fig. 15.50 Rumble Strip Fig. 15.51 Rough Road

Fig. 15.52 Dangerous Ditch Fig. 15.53 Loose Gravel

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.54 Slippery Road Fig. 15.55 Slippery Road Because of lce

Fig. 15.56 Opening or Swing Bridge Fig. 15.57 Overhead Cables

Fig. 15.58 Playground Ahead Fig. 15.59 Quay Side or River Bank
 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.60 Barrier Fig. 15.61 Sudden Side Winds

Fig. 15.62 Tunnel Ahead Fig. 15.63 Ferry

Fig. 15.64 Trams Crossing Fig. 15.65 Falling Rocks

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.66 Cattle Crossing Fig. 15.67 Wild Animals

Fig. 15.68 Queues Likely Ahead Fig. 15.69 Airport

Fig. 15.70 Unguarded Railway Crossing

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.71 Guarded Railway Crossing

Fig. 15.72 Single Chevron (Normal) Fig. 15.73 Single Chevron(>100kmph speed)

Fig. 15.74 Double Chevron Fig. 15.75 Triple Chevron

 Plate - II (Continued)

Fig. 15.76 Object Hazard (Left) Fig. 15.77 Object Hazard (Right)

Fig. 15.78 Two Way Hazard Marker

vgenkckn

lwjr
 utQx<+

ubZ fnYyh jksgrd

 dksoye

bZLV QksVZ
xqMxako

eksjch

jktdksV

vgenkckn
xqMxako
 onksnjk vgenkckn eaqcbZ

FIG 16.10 GANTRY MOUNTED ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN

AHEAD OF A GRADE SEPARATED JUNCTION

ikuhir vEckyk

Fig 16.11 GANTRY MOUNTED ADVANCE DIRECTION AHEAD

OF A AT-GRADE JUNCTION

Fig 16.12 GANTRY MOUNTED SIGN FOR IN ADVANCE

FOR AN INTERCHANGE
vyhXk< iyoy] vkxjk
]

FIG: 16.13 LANE DEDICATED GANTRY SIGNS

iyoy

FIG:16.14 SHOULDER MOUNTED SIGN IN ADVANCE

OF GRADE SEPARATED JUNCTION

eaqcbZ

FIG:16.15 EXPRESSWAY SIGH AHEAD

 ,El

Fig 16.16 GANTRY MOUNTED ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN

AHEAD OF A FLYOVER IN URBAN / CITY ROADS

Fig 16.17 DEFINITION / SUPPLEMENTARY PLATE

 Plate-IV

FACILITY INFORMATION SIGNS

Fig. 17.01 Eating Place Fig. 17.02 Light Refreshment

Fig. 17.03 Resting Place Fig. 17.04 First Aid Post

Fig. 17.05 Toilet Fig. 17.06 Filling Station(Fuel Pump)

 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 17.07 Hospital Fig. 17.08 Public Telephone

Fig. 17.09 U-Turn Ahead Fig. 17.10 Pedestrian Subway

Fig. 17.11 Foot Over Bridge Fig. 17.12 Chair Lift

 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 17.13 Police Station Fig. 17.14 Picnic Site

Fig. 17.15 Repair Facility Fig. 17.16 Railway Station/Metro

Station/Monorail Station

Fig. 17.17 Industrial Area Fig. 17.18 Cycle Rickshaw Stand

 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 17.19 Taxi Stand Fig. 17.20 Autorickshaw Stand

Fig. 17.21 Home Zone Fig. 17.22 Camp Site

Fig.17.23 Airport Fig. 17.24 Golf Course

 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 17.25 National Heritage Fig. 17.26 No Through Road

Fig. 17.27 No Through Side Road Fig. 17.28 Toll Road Ahead

Fig. 17.29 Guide Sign Fig. 17.30 Country Border

on Toll Lane Portal
 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 17.31 Entry Ramp for Expressway Fig. 17.32 Exit Ramp for Expressway

Fig. 17.33 Expressway Symbol Fig. 17.34 End of Expressway

Fig.17.35 Bus Stop Fig.17.36 Bus Lane

 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 17.37 Contra Flow Bus Lane Fig. 17.38 Cycle Lane

Fig. 17.39 Contra Flow Cycle Lane Fig. 17.40 Holiday Chalets

Fig. 17.41 Emergency Exit Fig. 17.42 Emergency Exit

 Plate - IV (Continued)

PARKING SIGNS

600
600

Fig. 18.01 Parking Fig. 18.02 Auto Rickshaw

Parking

Fig. 18.03 Cycle Parking Fig. 18.04 Cycle Rickshaw

Parking

Fig. 18.05 Scooter and Fig. 18.06 Taxi Parking

Motorcycle Parking
 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 18.07 Park and Ride Fig. 18.08 Park and Ride

KEEP CLEAR
MONDAY TO FRIDAY

Fig. 18.09 Parking Restriction Signs for Traffic Management

Fig. 18.10 Flood Gauge

 Plate - IV (Continued)

SIGNS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Fig. 19.01 International Symbol of Accessibilty Fig. 19.02 Parking Information

Fig. 19.03 Parking Areas

Fig. 19.04 Ramped Entrance

to Subway/Over Bridge
 Plate - IV (Continued)

Fig. 19.05 Telephone Facilities

Fig.19.06 Toilet Facilities

Fig.19.07 Way Finding

 Plate - IV (Continued)

ROUTE MARKER SIGNS

Fig. 20.01 State Highway Fig. 20.02 National Highway

Route Marker Sign Route Marker Sign

450
600

Fig. 20.03 Asian Highway Fig. 20.04 Expressway

Route Marker Sign Route Marker Sign
Annexure I to VI
 IRC: 67-2011

Annexure I
(Section 14.1)
LIST OF MANDATORY/REGULATORY SIGNS

I. STOP AND GIVE WAY SIGN

1) Stop
2) Give Way
3) Give Way to Buses Exiting the Bus Bay
II. PROHIBITORY SIGNS
1) Bullock Carts Prohibited
2) Bullock and Hand Carts Prohibited
3) Hand Carts Prohibited
4) Tongas Prohibited
5) Horse Riding Prohibited
6) Caravan not Allowed
7) Buses Prohibited
8) Cars Prohibited
9) Trucks Prohibited
10) Tractor
11) Construction Vehicle Prohibited
12) Articulated Vehicles Movement Prohibited
13) Two Wheeler Prohibited
14) Cycles Prohibited
15) Horn Prohibited
16) No Entry
17) One Way
18) Left Turn Prohibited
19) Right Turn Prohibited
20) Overtaking Prohibited
21) U- Turn Prohibited
22) Right Turn & U-Turn Prohibited
23) Priority to vehicles from the Opposite Direction
III. NO PARKING AND NO STOPPING SIGNS
1) No Standing
2) No Stopping and No Standing
3) Definition Plate to Fig 14.28 (Optional)
4) No Parking
5) Definition Plate to Fig 14.29 (Optional)
6) Parking not Allowed on Footpath
7) Parking not Allowed on Half of Footpath
 IRC: 67-2011

IV. VEHICLE CONTROL SIGNS AND SPEED LIMIT

1) Axle Load Limit
2) Height Limit
3) Length Limit
4) Load Limit
5) Width Limit
6) Maximum Speed Limit
7) Maximum Speed Limit (Vehicle Type)
8) Stop for Police Check
V. RESTRICTION ENDS SIGNS
1) Restriction Ends
VI. COMPULSORY CONTROL AND OTHER SIGNS
1) Compulsory Ahead
2) Compulsory Ahead or Right Turn
3) Compulsory Ahead or Left Turn
4) Compulsory Turn Right
5) Compulsory Turn Left
6) Compulsory Turn Right
7) Compulsory Turn Left
8) Compulsory Keep Left
9) Compulsory Keep Right
10) Pass Either Side
11) Minimum Speed Limit
12) Compulsory Cycle Track/Cycle Only
13) Compulsory Cyclist and Pedestrian Route
14) Pedestrian Only
15) Compulsory Snow Chain
16) Bus Way/Buses Only
17) Compulsory Sound Horn
 IRC: 67-2011

Annexure II
(Section 15.1)
LIST OF CAUTIONARY/WARNING SIGNS

1) Left Hand Curve

2) Right Hand Curve
3) Right Hairpin Bend
4) Left Hairpin Bend
5) Right Reverse Bend
6) Left Reverse Bend
7) Series of Bend
8) Degree Loop
9) Side Road Right
10) Side Road Left
11) Y-Intersection
12) Y-Intersection
13) Y-Intersection
14) Cross Road
15) Roundabout
16) Traffic Signals
17) T-Intersection
18) T-Intersection Major Road Ahead
19) Major Road Ahead
20) Staggered Intersection
21) Staggered Intersection
22) Merging Traffic Ahead (From Left)
23) Merging Traffic Ahead (From Right)
24) Narrow Road Ahead
25) Road Widens
26) Narrow Bridge Ahead
27) Steep Ascent
28) Steep Descent
29) Reduced Carriageway
30) Reduced Carriageway
31) Start of Dual Carriageway
32) End of Dual Carriageway
33) Gap in Median
34) Pedestrian Crossing
35) School Ahead
36) Built-up Area
37) Two Way Operation
38) Two Way Traffic on Cross Road Ahead Warning
39) Lane Closed (Two Lane Carriageway)
40) Lane Closed (Three Lane Carriageway)
 IRC: 67-2011

41) Lane Closed (Four Lane Carriageway)

42) Traffic Diversion on Dual Carriageway
43) Men at Work
44) + Supplementary Plate END at the Leaving Side of Work Zone
45) Danger Warning
46) Deaf Persons Likely on Road Ahead
47) Blind Persons Likely on Road Ahead
48) Cycle Crossing
49) Cycle Route Ahead
50) Dangerous Dip
51) Speed Breaker
52) Rumble Strip
53) Rough Road
54) Dangerous Ditch
55) Loose Gravel
56) Slippery Road
57) Slippery Road Because of Ice
58) Opening or Swing Bridge
59) Overhead Cables
60) Playground Ahead
61) Quay Side or River Bank
62) Barrier
63) Sudden Side Winds
64) Tunnel Ahead
65) Ferry
66) Trams Crossing
67) Falling Rocks
68) Cattle Crossing
69) Wild Animal
70) Queues Likely Ahead
71) Airport
72) Unguarded Railway Crossing
73) Guarded Railway Crossing
74) Single Chevron (Normal)
75) Single Chevron (>100kmph Speed)
76) Double Chevron
77) Triple Chevron
78) Object Hazard (Left)
79) Object Hazard (Right)
80) Two way Hazard Marker
 IRC: 67-2011

Annexure III
(Section 16.1)
RULES AND TECHNICAL ADVISORY FOR DESIGN OF
INFORMATORY ROAD SIGNS

The list of direction and place identification signs are given in first part and second part of Annex-III
describes the rules for designing the direction signs and Plate-III pictorially presents design rules for
direction signs.
i) DIRECTION AND PLACE IDENTIFICATION SIGNS
1. Stack Type Advance Direction Sign (Shoulder Mounted) Fig 16.01
2. Map Type Advance Direction Sign (Shoulder Mounted) Fig 16.02
3. Map Type Advance Direction Sign for Roundabout (Shoulder Mounted) Fig 16.03
4. Flag Type Direction Sign Fig 16.04
5. Reassurance Sign Fig 16.05
6. Place Identification Sign Fig 16.06
7. Truck Lay By Fig 16.07
8. Toll Booth Ahead Fig 16.08
9. Weigh Bridge Ahead Fig 16.09
10. Gantry Mounted Advance Direction Sign Ahead of a Grade Separated Junction Fig
16. 10
11. Gantry Mounted Advance Direction Sign Ahead of an At-Grade Junction Fig 16. 11
12. Gantry Mounted Sign Far Advance of an Interchange in a Full Access Controlled
Highway Fig 16. 12
13. Lane Dedicated Gantry Signs Fig 16. 13
14. Shoulder Mounted Sign in Advance of a Grade Separated Junction in Full Access
Controlled Highway Fig 16. 14
15. Expressway Sign Fig 16. 15
16. Gantry Mounted advance Direction Sign Ahead of a Flyover in Urban/City Roads Fig
16. 16
17. Definition /Supplementary Plates Fig 16. 17
ii) RULES FOR DESIGN OF DIRECTION INFORMATION SIGN.
The rules for design of direction information sign are given in following subsections shall be read in
conjunction with the pictorial presentation in Plate III and all direction boards shall be designed
accordingly. It should be noted that Plate III has not been shown in colour since colour pattern for
different kind of roads varies and the colour pattern shall be taken from Table 8.3.
1) Alphabets
The Transport Medium font shall be used for English and Hindi7 for Hindi and for regional
language it shall be as per local practice. The arrows for directions boards shall also be taken from
Transport Medium font. The height of lettering for design of direction sign shall be taken from
Table 11.1 for the speed of the road in which the sign to be placed.
2) Common Principles for design of layouts for Direction Signs.
The common principles to be observed while designing shoulder and gantry mounted direction signs
are given in the subsection below and the specific principles for different type of direction board are
given under respective subsections. The common principles for design of direction boards Fig 16.1 to
16.16 are:
 IRC: 67-2011

The height mentioned in Table 11.1 refers to the height of lower case x and upper case
shall be 1.4 times of lower case x height.
The design pattern shown in Figure 16.01 to 16.16 expressed the design of layout of direction
sign in terms of stroke width and x height. Stroke width (s/x) shall be of lower case x
height.
All place names on a sign shall be in letters of the same size, regardless of the relative
importance of the place name. A smaller letter size may only be used for a name which is too
long to fit into a reasonable sized sign and which cannot be hyphenated or abbreviated.
Letters are generally placed in an imaginary tile of 2 times x height i.e. 8 s/w height and the
placement of English lettering is pictorially presented given in Fig 16.01 whereas as Hindi
lettering shall be placed within 2 times x height i.e. within 8 s/w height.
Related words on the same line shall be separated by 1 s/w.
Route letters and route number shall be separated by 1 s/w.
Route letters shall be 2 s/w away place name when on same line.
There shall be 3 s/w spaces between a route number and a bracketed route number on same
line.
The border shall be 1 s/w wide.
Internal corner radius of outer border shall be 2 s/w and other internal radius shall be 1 s/w.
Within panel, the borders shall be separated from the top and sides of imaginary tile by 2
s/w and on bottom by 1 s/w.
In addition to the common principles laid out in this section, the specific principles for design of
different types of signs are given in following sections:
3) Layouts of Stack Type ADS Fig 16.01
Forward destination and arrow shall be the top panel and shall be right aligned
Left destination and arrow shall be the second panel and shall be left aligned
Right destination and arrow shall be the third panel and shall be right aligned.
The arrows other than the right angle shall be set at 45 degree
Figured kilometer if at all given shall be on the same line and shall be at a distance of 3 s/w
The arrow shall also be transport medium and shall be 16 s/w long and 8 s/w wide and shall
be 2.5 s/w from the border and letterings and shall be placed vertically at center of panel with
equal space from top and bottom border
The font height for different speed shall be taken from Table 11.1 and design is presented
pictorially in Fig 16.01
4) Layouts of Map Type ADS (Fig 16.02), other than Roundabouts
The width of route symbol shall be 6 s/w when indicating a NH and SH and Urban roads and
4 s/w for MDR and 2 s/w for village roads.
The tips of route symbol shall be chamfered 60 degree.
Side turning symbol shall be extended 2/3rd of distance from the forward symbol to the
border as shown in Fig 16.02
When there is more than one destination related to a route symbol, all places names should be
stacked, with their initial letter aligned. Initial letter of English and Hindi should also be
aligned.
Forward destination shall be centered on the forward route symbol.
 IRC: 67-2011

The map type signs with only one side turning, the forward destination shall be displaced
from the center to range right or left with outside extremity of the right or left turning
destinations.
Back and side destinations shall normally be below the route symbol and shall be placed at 18
s/w from forward destination
There shall be a minimum of 4 s/w between vertical route symbol and the nearest place name
or route number laterally and minimum 3 s/w vertically between the route symbol and place
name
Forward symbol shall be minimum of 14 s/w and imaginary tile of destination name shall be
placed above the route symbol
The bottom of forward symbol shall be 1 s/w from bottom border
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1
5) Layouts of Map Type ADS (Fig 16.03), for Roundabouts)
The width of route symbol shall be 6 s/w when indicating a NH, SH and Urban roads and 4
s/w for MDR and 2 s/w for village roads
The tips of route symbol shall be chamfered 60 degree
Side turning symbol shall be extended 2/3rd of distance from the forward symbol to the
border
When there is more than one destination related to a route symbol, all places names should be
stacked, with their initial letter aligned. Initial letter of English and Hindi also should be
aligned
Forward destination shall be centered on the forward route symbol
On signs with one side turning, the forward destination shall be displaced from the center to
range right or left with outside extremity of the right or left turning destinations
Back and side destinations shall normally be below the route symbol and shall be placed at 18
s/w distance.
The roundabout symbol shall have 12 s/w outer radius and 7 s/w inner radius and both
concentric circles shall be discontinued as shown in Fig 16.03
There shall be a minimum of 2 s/w vertically between the route symbol and place name and
place name shall be placed horizontally in such a way that imaginary tile touches the
imaginary circle of radius 2s/w more than the outer circle of roundabout symbol.
Forward symbol shall be minimum of 12 s/w and imaginary tile shall be placed above the
route symbol.
The bottom of forward symbol shall be 1 s/w from bottom border.
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1
6) Layouts of Flag Type Direction Sign (Fig 16.04)
The appropriate end of sign plate shall be chamfered 120 degree, the pointed end being
reduced 1 s/w.
The chevron shall be placed 3 s/w from the end border and 1 s/w from the edge of top and
bottom borders.
Place name shall be separated 1 s/w from the chevron
The width of chevron shall be 4 s/w when used with two lines of information, 3 s/w with
one line and 4 s/w with 3 lines and 5 s/w when used with 4 lines.
 IRC: 67-2011

The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1 (Column 7 & 8)
7) Layouts of Reassurance Sign (Fig 16.05)
The kilometrage shall be centered over place names and similarly route number if at all used.
Place names shall be aligned left.
Kilometrage shall follow related place names on the same line and shall be aligned right.
There shall be minimum 3 s/w between longest place names and kimlometrage.
Farthest destination shall be the top panel and neatest on bottom panel.
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1 (Column 7 & 8)
8) Layouts of Place Identification Sign (Fig 16.06)
The lines of legend shall be centered one over the other.
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1 (Column 7 & 8)
9) Layouts of Truck Lay-by Sign (Fig 16.07)
The length of truck symbol shall be same as that of Lay-by writings and vertically shall be
placed at 2.5 s/w from imaginary tile of writings and 2.5 s/w from top border.
The arrow shall be 3 s/w from left border and 3 s/w from truck symbol.
The arrow shall be 20 s/w high and 10s/w wide and shall be inclined at 45 degree as shown in
Fig 16.07
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1 (height shown in brackets of
Column 7 & 8)
10) Layouts of Toll Booth Ahead Sign (Fig 16.08)
The height of barrier symbol shall be 20 s/w and shall be 2.5 s/w gap from bottom imaginary
tile and from left and top borders.
The arrow shall be 16 s/w and shall be placed 8 s/w from right border as shown in Fig 16.08
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1 (height shown in brackets of
Column 7 & 8).
11) Layouts of Weigh Bridge Ahead Sign (Fig 16.09)
The truck symbol shall be 16 s/w high and shall be placed 2.5 s/w from the imaginary tile and
from top and left border.
The arrow shall be 16 s/w and shall be placed vertically at the center of imaginary tile and the
top border and horizontally at 3 s/w from right border as shown in Fig 16.09.
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1 (height shown in brackets of
Column 7 & 8)
12) Layouts of Gantry Mounted ADS Ahead of a Grade Separated Junction (Fig 16.10)
The arrow shall be 16 s/w and shall be inclined 45 degree.
There shall be dividing line of 1 s/w width between panels indicating left and forward
destination.
The lettering on both sides shall be 2.5 s/w from dividing line as shown in Fig 16.10.
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1
13) Layouts of Gantry Mounted ADS Ahead of an At- grade Junction (Fig 16.11)
The arrow shall be 16 s/w and shall be inclined 90 degree of 45 degree depending upon the
junction layout.
 IRC: 67-2011

There shall be dividing line of 1 s/w width between panels indicating left, forward and right
destinations
The lettering on both sides shall be 2.5 s/w from dividing line as shown in Fig 16.11
If kilometrage is shown, it shall be 2.5 s/w from destination names
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1
14) Layouts of Gantry Mounted ADS Ahead of a Grade Separated Junction Ahead of a Full
Access Controlled Highway (Fig 16.12)
The arrow shall be 16 s/w and shall be inclined 45 degree.
The top panel shall for destination leaving to either left slip road or loop and bottom panel
shall with forward destinations.
The distance to exit point shall be shown either in kilometer or meter as shown in Fig 16.12
The right vertical faces of top and bottom panel shall be set apart by minimum 14.5 s/w
laterally
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1
15) Layouts of Lane Dedicated Gantry Mounted Signs (Fig 16.13)
The downward arrow shall be 17 s/w wide and shall be 7 s/w high
The distance between two downward arrow i.e. between two pointed end is width of one lane
width for the particular highway as shown in Fig 16.13
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1
16) Layouts of Shoulder Mounted Map Type ADS for Full Access Controlled Highway
(Fig 16.14)
The width of route symbol shall be 5 s/w.
Length of left route symbol is 24 s/w as shown in Fig 16.14
The font height for different speed shall be the from Table 11.1
17) Expressway Ahead Sign (Fig 16.15)
The expressway symbol shall be 16 s/w high.
Chevron shall be 4 s/w wide as shown in Fig 16.15
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1
18) Gantry Mounted Sign Ahead of a Flyover in Urban/City Roads (Fig 16.16)
The Flyover symbol and other design shall be as per Fig 16.16.
The font height for different speed shall be from Table 11.1
19) Definition/ Supplementary Plates (Fig 16.17)
The border shall be 1 s/w.
Writings shall be in upper case.
For definition and supplementary plate, lettering and border shall be black on white
background.
Font height shall be 50mm to 100mm depending upon the need
 IRC: 67-2011

Annexure IV
(Section 17.1)
I - FACILITY INFORMATION SIGNS

1) Eating Place
2) Light Refreshment
3) Resting Place
4) First Aid Post
5) Toilet
6) Filling Station (Fuel Pump)
7) Hospital
8) Public Telephone
9) U-Turn Ahead
10) Pedestrian Subway
11) Foot Over Bridge
12) Chair Lift
13) Police Station
14) Picnic Site
15) Repair Facility
16) Railway Station/Metro Station/Monorail Station
17) Industrial Area
18) Cycle Rickshaw Stand
19) Taxi Stand
20) Auto Rickshaw Stand
21) Home Zone
22) Camp Site
23) Airport
24) Golf Course
25) National Heritage
26) No Through Road
27) No Through Side Road
28) Toll Road Ahead
29) Guide Sign on Toll Lane Portal
30) Country Border
31) Entry Ramp for Expressway
32) Exit Ramp for Expressway
33) Expressway Symbol
34) End of Expressway
35) Bus Stop
36) Bus Lane
37) Contra Flow Bus Lane
38) Cycle Lane
39) Contra Flow Cycle Lane
40) Holiday Chalets
 IRC: 67-2011

41) Emergency Exit

42) Emergency Exit

II - PARKING SIGNS
(Section 18.1)
1) Parking
2) Auto Rickshaw Parking
3) Cycle Parking
4) Cycle Rickshaw Parking
5) Scooter and Motorcycle Parking
6) Taxi Parking
7) Park and Ride
8) Park and Ride
9) Parking Restriction Signs for Traffic Management
10) Flood Gauge

III - SIGNS FOR DISABLED PERSONS

(Section 19.1)
1) International symbol of Accessibility
2) Parking Information
3) Parking Areas
4) Ramped Entrance to Subway/Over Bridge
5) Telephone Facilities
6) Toilet Facilities
7) Way Finding

IV - ROUTE MARKER SIGNS

(Section 20.1)
1) State Highway Route Marker Sign
2) National Highway Route Marker Sign
3) Asian Highway Route Marker Sign
4) Expressway Route Marker Sign
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Annexure V
 AnnexureVI

DETERMINATIONOFXHEIGHTFORDIRECTIONSIGNS(SHOULDER&GANTRYMOUNTED)

Fromthefirstprinciple,thex
TableVI.1ShoulderMountedADS
heightshavebeendeterminedfor No.of Distance Upper Lower
Reading Reading Cutoff Total
variouscategoriesofIndian Speed time distance
Cotangent lanesin from
distance distance
Case"X" case"x"
(10) one Driving Height Height
roads,whicharegiveninTable (secs) (m)
direction Lane(m)
(m) (m)
(mm) (mm)
VI.1toVI.3. kmph m/sec

30
50
8.3
13.9
4.0
4.0
33.3
55.6
5.7
5.7
1lane
1lane
3.75
3.75
21.4
21.4
54.7
76.9
91
128
65
92
65 18.1 4.0 72.2 5.7 1lane 3.75 21.4 93.6 156 111
80 22.2 4.0 88.9 5.7 2lane 7.75 44.2 133.1 222 158
100 27.8 4.0 111.1 5.7 2lane 9.25 52.7 163.8 273 195
110 30.6 4.0 122.2 5.7 3lane 13.25 75.5 197.7 330 235
120 33.3 4.0 133.3 5.7 4lane 16.75 95.5 228.8 381 272

TableVI.2GantryMountedSigns
Height
Upper Lower No.of
Reading Reading Clear including Cutoff Total
Cotangent Case"X" case"x" lanesin
Speed time distance Height( depthof distance distance
(10) Height Height one
(secs) (m) m) gantry (m) (m)
(mm) (mm) direction
(m)
kmph m/sec
30 8.3 4.0 33.3 5.7 6 8 45.6 78.9 132 94 1lane
50 13.9 4.0 55.6 5.7 6 8 45.6 101.2 169 120 1lane
65 18.1 4.0 72.2 5.7 6 8 45.6 117.8 196 140 1lane
80 22.2 5.0 111.1 5.7 6 8.5 48.5 159.6 266 190 2lane
100 27.8 5.0 138.9 5.7 6 8.5 48.5 187.3 312 223 2lane
110 30.6 6.0 183.3 5.7 6 9 51.3 234.6 391 279 3lane
120 33.3 6.0 200.0 5.7 6 9 51.3 251.3 419 299 4lane

TableVI.3Readingtime(2+N/3)Secs
Number
Reading
ofplace
Constant (N/3) time
names
(Secs)
(N)
2 6 2.0 4.0
2 6 2.0 4.0
2 8 2.7 4.7
2 12 4.0 6.0