MALAYSIAN STANDARD MS 30: PART 16: 1995 METHODS OF TESTING AGGREGATES PART 16: METHODS FOR TESTING AND CLASSIFYING DRYING SHRINKAGE OF AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE BS SSHURIIM STANDARDS & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA © CopyrightMS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 This Malaysian Standard, which had been approved by the Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Board of the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) was published under the authority of the SIRIM Board in December, 1995. SIRIM wishes to draw attention to the fact that this Malaysian Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. ‘The Malaysian Standards are subject to periodical review to keep abreast of progress in the industries concerned, Suggestions for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought to the notice of the Committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer. The following references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference: SIRIM 491/2/17 Draft for comment: D181(ISC D) ‘Amendments issued since publication ‘Amd. No. Date of issue Text affected @MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 CONTENTS ‘Committee representation Foreword 1 Scope 2 Definitions 3 Principle 4 Sampling 5 Apparatus 6 Materials 7 Preparation of aggregate test portions 8 Preparation of test specimens 9 Test procedure 10 Calculation and expression of results 11 Test report Tables Al Categories of use ..... A2_—_ Recommended minimum testing frequency Appendices A Classification of aggregate shrinkage B Publications referred to ii) Page (iy tiv)MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 ‘Committee representation ‘The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee under whose supervision this Malaysian Standard was prepared, comptises, representatives trom the folowing Government Ministries, manufacturer assocatons and scientific and professional bodes ‘The Insituton of Engineers Malaysia Malaysian Instute of Aventects Master Bulder's Associaton Malaysia Miniaty of Housing and Local Government (Housing Deparment) Universty of Technology Malaysia Chartered Insttue of Buicing (Malaysia) Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia trade, commerce and ‘Toe Working Group on Mineral Aggregates which prepared this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives. fom the following member organizations: Ik Manning Jamaludin (Chaieman) The institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) Prof, Madya ik Hj, Mohd Hashien aud! Universti Sains Malaysia Dr. Sabarudin Mota Dr. Abdul Ghani Ratok Universti Kebangsaan Malaysia Puan Norlinah Ab. Ghani Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia nck Chow Weng Sum! LJabatan Penyiasatan Kajbumi Malaysia nck Abd. Majd Sahat nck S. Subvamaniany Institute of Quarying Malaysian Branch nck Aslan Osman Encik Abdul Halm bin Samad NNatonal Ready-Mued Concrete Associaton of Malaysia Encik Huang Wen Pav ‘Cement and Concrete Association Encik Arjunaidi Jamaludin Co-opted members: Encik Tan Boon Kong Geological Society of Malaysia nck Pook Fong Fee! Masters Builders Association of Malaysia Encik Soam Heng Choon Ir Zana Mohamed Institut Teknologi MARA Puan Raja Nor Sina Raja Abd. Hanan ‘Standards and Industrial Research institu of Malaysia Encik Mohd. Azam Md. Yunus ‘Standards and Industrial Research insite of Malaysia (Secretary) oyMS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 FOREWORD This Part of MS 30 has been prepared by the Working Group on Mineral Aggregate under the Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee. This standard is a revision of MS 30 : 1971, which is withdrawn, This Part of Malaysian Standard is based on BS 812 : Part 120 : 1989 Method for testing and classifying drying shrinkage of aggregates in concrete. This Part contains the test procedure for the determination of the drying shrinkage of aggregates. The test was not included in previous editions of MS 30 but has now been included because there is a need to identify ‘shrinkable aggregates’. The increased shrinkage of concrete made with such aggregates may cause problems in structures whose design is. based on the properties of ‘normal’ concrete. Concrete made with such aggregates may also be less durable than equivalent ‘normal’ concrete, The test has its origins in a method developed at the Building Research Establishment and which is discribed in BRE Digest 35 (1968 edition). The present test offers considerable advantages as it is a simpler procedure and the results are available in much less time. The precision of both the original BRE Digest 35 test and the procedure described here have been determined. They are not judged good enough to justify the four classification into two categories is therefore included in appendix A. It is important to note that the results of the procedure described here differ from those produced by the Digest 35 method and the Classifications in Digest 35 should not be applied to the results of the Part 16 procedure. It is intended that Digest 35 will be withdrawn and a new BRE Digest on the drying shrinkage of aggregates issued taking account of the MS 30 : Part 16 : Method and classification and ‘suggesting a method for testing aggregates which fall outside the scope of MS 30 : Part 16. It is intended that MS 30 test methods should be called up by other Malaysian Standard as the basis for compliance. Nevertheless. it is not intended that all aggregates should be subjected regularly to all the listed tests. Requirements in other Malaysian Standard specifications will refer only to the relevant test methods ‘Some of the tests in other Parts of MS 30 are of limited application, and advice on the use of simple tests is given, for example, when they can be used for a preliminary sorting of aggregates to see whether more expensive testing is justified Reference should be made to MS 30 : Part 2 : 1984 for general guidance on testing aggregates, precision of test methods and variance arising from sampling errors, Compliance with a Malaysi obligations. ‘Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal (w)MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 METHODS OF TESTING AGGREGATES PART 16 : METHODS FOR TESTING AND CLASSIFYING DRYING SHRINKAGE OF AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE 1 Scope This Part of MS 30 describes the method for classifying the drying shrinkage of aggregates for use in concrete. It applies to aggregates combinations where the coarse aggregate nominal maximum size does not exceed 20 mm and uses concrete prisms made with the coarse and/or fine aggregate to be tested NOTE 1. In those cases where the drying shrinkage of a source of coarse aggregate only or a source cf fine aggregate only is required, the other component to be used should be, respectively, a fine or coarse aggregate of known low shrinkage NOTE 2. Aggregates are generally used in a moist condition. However, this procedure uses constant ‘mass proportions and aggregates prepared in an oven dy condition to minimize practical dficutes i Carrying out the test, This may have an influence on the slviekage valve obtained and makes the method inappropiatefor determining the shrinkage of partcular concrete mixes. ‘The use of constant mass proportions imposes some restriction on the applicability of the procedure, Experience is imited fo aggregates having oven dry particle densities not less than 2450 koji? and to aggregate combinations in which the weighted combined water absorption is not greater than 3.5% by ‘mass when tested according to MS 30 - Part 20°. Caution is necessary when interpreting results for ‘aggregates with properties outside these values oF where dificully is experienced in compacting the specimens but advice on tesbng such aggregates will be gven in a new BRE Digest on the shrinkage ‘of natural aggregates in concrete (see foreword), [NOTE 3. The tiles of the pubkcaions referred to in this slandard are listed on page 8 2 Definitions For the purposes of tis Part of BS 30 the definitions given in BS 30 : Part 2 and Part 3 apply. 3 Principle ‘Some aggregates change valume considerably from the wet to the dry state and this may affect the concrete in which they are incorporated. The drying shrinkage ‘of a concrete containing such aggregate can be as much as four times greater than that of concrete made with non-shrinkable aggregate. To determine the drying shrinkage of the aggregate under test it is mixed with cement and water and cast into prisms of specified dimensions. The prisms are subjected to wetting followed by drying at 105°C and the change in length from the wet to dry state determined, The drying shrinkage of the aggregate is then calculated as the average change in length of the prisms as a percentage of their final dry lengths. * In preparationMS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 51 52 5.3 54 55 56 ‘Sampling The samples used for the test (the laboratory samples) shall be taken in accordance with clause 5 of MS 30 : Part 3. Apparatus ‘A sample divider of size appropriate to the maximum particle size to be handled or, alternatively, a flat ahovel and a clean, flat hard horizontal surface, e.g. a metal tray for use in quartering NOTE. A sutable divider s the rifle box tustated in MS 20 : Pat 3. Test sieves of the sizes and apertures appropriate to the nominal size of aggregate to be tested. The test sieves shall comply with BS 410. A balance of minimum capacity § kg having scale divisions of 1g and having an error not greater than 2 g, A gang mould suitable for casting three concrete prisms of dimensions 200 + 2 mm x 50 ¢ 2 mm x 50 + 2 mm with a hemispherical button 8 mm diameter securely fixed to the centre of the inside faces of the 50 mm x 50 mm ends of mould. NOTE. tis permissible for reference pieces (inserts) to be used as an attematve to cementing stee! bals (see 6.3) in the prisms. Typical detals of inserts are given in Figure S,method 5 of MS 26 - Part 2: 199. inserts are used the seatings of the measuring apparatus are requited to be hemispherical, ‘6mm in ameter, and the ends of the invar red (g00 5.60 tobe the same shape as that ofthe inserts, ‘A vibrating table complying with MS 26 : Part 1: 1991 Measuring apparatus which shall incorporate a dial gauge with scale divisions of 0.002 mm having a maximum error of + 0.002 mm in any half revolution This gauge shall be rigidly mounted in a measuring frame and shall have a fecessed end which can be located upon 6 mm diameter stainless steel balls cemented in the prisms (see 8.3). The other end of the frame shall have a similar recessed seating which can be located upon balls in the opposite end of the prisms. An invar steel rod, 205 + 1 mm long, with 6 mm hemispherical ends shall be used as a standard of length against which the readings of the gauge can be tested, thus enabling corrections to be made for any changes in the dimensions of the apparatus between successive measurements of the prisms. The invar steel rod shall be marked so that the same end can be kept uppermost during measurements NOTE. itis permissible for ternative measuring devices to be used in place of the dial gauge, e.9 linear vaiabe ciferentil transducers. provided they are of at least equal performance and fied with seatings compatible wah the stainless steel balls of insets57 58 59 64 62 6.3 7A 72 73 a4 MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 ‘A well-ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled and capable of maintaining temperatures of 50 + 2°C and 105 + 2°C. A thermometer complying with the requirements of BS 593 shall be used to verify the temperature. NOTE tis permissible to use diferent ovens for each temperature range A desiccator large enough to contain three concrete prisms 200 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm containing anhydrous silica gel as the desiccant Trays, that can be heated in the ventilated oven without damage or change in mass. Materials: Ordinary Portland cement complying with the requirements of MS 522 Water of drinkable quality. 6 mm diameter stainless steel balls, or inserts (see note to 5.4) Preparation of aggregate test portions Reduce the laboratory samples of coarse and fine aggregate by the procedure described in clause 6 of MS 30 : Part 3, to produce sub-samples that can be sieved after oven drying to give approximately 1600 g of 200 mm to 10 mm size fraction, 800 g of 10 mm to 5 mm size fraction and 1300 g of fine aggregate. ‘Spread the sub-samples on shallow trays and dry for at least 16 hours in the oven (see 5.7) set at a temperature of 50°C. Reject all oversize and undersize from the coarse aggregate to give fractions all passing the 20 mm sieve and retained on the 10 mm sieve, and all passing the 10 mm sieve and retained on the 5 mm sieve. Reject from the fine aggregate all aggregate retained on the 5 mm sieve. Preparation of test specimens Proportioning Cast three test prisms, using the amount of cement, aggregates and water required to make the three prisms as follows: Ordinary Portland cement 550 +59 Coarse aggregate (10 mm to 20 mm) 1466 + 59 Coarse aggregate (5 mm to 10 mm) 734 +59 Fine aggregate (5 mm) 1100 + 59 Water 330 £59 3MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 8.2 8.24 8.22 8.3.3 83.4 94 Mixing Mix the concrete for the three prisms on a non-porous surface which has been wiped over with a damp cloth. Mix the cemet and fine aggregate dry for 1 min with two trowels. Add the coarse aggregate and mix dry until the mixture is uniform. Add the water and mix the whole for 3 min two trowels. Transfer the concrete to the gang mould and use as a vibrating table to compact the concrete in the mould in two approximately equal layers, for sufficient time to achieve full compaction, On completion of the compaction of the concrete, smooth the surfaces of the prisms with a trowel, Storage of specimens Immediately after completion of compaction, cover the prisms with a flat impervious sheet (e.g. thin rubber, polyethylene or steel) making contact with the upper edges of the moulds. Leave the prisms in this condition for 24 + 2 h at an ambient temperature of 27 + 5°C. After 24 + 2h, number the prisms for identification and designate one end of each as the top, this end always being uppermost during subsequent measurements. Demould the prisms. Where inserts are not used, cement stainless steel balls 6 ‘mm in diameter into the indentations at the ends of the prisms. NOTE. A comentwater grout has been found satisfactory for cementing bals in place. More than half ‘of each ball should be embedded in the grout to aid retention, ‘Then place damp hessian over the prisms and cover with a polyethylene sheet for a further 24 + 2 h at an ambient temperature of 27 + 5°C after which, wipe the surface of the balls clean, or where inserts have been used, wipe the ends of the inserts clean, Test procedure Carry out all measurements at a temperature of 27 + 1°C. Measure each prism using the apparatus specified in 6 by placing the prism uppermost (previously marked) in the frame and obtaining a minimum reading to the nearest division while slowly rotating the prism. Before and after each ‘measurement, check the length of the measuring apparatus against the invar rod and if the difference in these readings is greater than 0.002 mm remeasure the prisms. Record the measured difference in length between the prism and the invar rod to the nearest 0.002 mm.9.2 93 94 10. 10.1 10.2 10.3 MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 Within 48 + 2 h of completion of compaction of the prisms immerse the prisms in water at a temperature of 27 + 2°C for 5 days + 4h. Then remove the prisms from the water, wipe the balls or inserts with a clean dry cloth and measure the length (w) of each prism as described in 9.1 before placing them in an oven (see 5.7) at a temperature of 105 + 2°C. Ensure that there is free access of air to all sides of the prisms. After 3 days + 4 h, remove the prisms from the oven and allow them to cool until they have reached a temperature of 27 + 1°C in the desiccator. Measure the length (d) of each prism as described in 9.1 NOTE. Cooling is they to lake most of a working day After the dry measurement has been taken, measure the length of the prisms ‘adjacent to the balls or inserts to the nearest millimetre and take this as the dry length (0). Calculation and expression of results ‘The drying shrinkage (S) of each prism is calculated as a percentage from the expression’ s- 100 Wd where; Ww Is the original wet measurement (in mm) dis the dry measurement (in mm) 1 is the dry length of the prism (in mm). Express the drying shrinkage of the aggregate as the average of the three determinations to the nearest 0.001%, If the range between the shrinkage values of individual prisms exceeds 12% of the average drying shrinkage, the test shall be deemed to be unsatisfactory and a further test shall be carried out using fresh prisms.MS 30 : PART 16: 11. Test report The test report shall firm that the drying shrinkage was determined in accordance with this Part of MS 30 and whether or not a certificate of sampling is available. If available, a copy of the certificate of sampling shall be provided. The test report shall include the following additional information: (@) The drying shrinkage of the aggregate and the 95% confidence limits calculated as in 11.5, (b) The source, type and sizes of aggregate submitted for test. (©) The source, type and sizes of aggregate used, if any, as the other component(s),c MS 30 : PART 16 : 1995 Appendix A ication of aggregate shrinkage (On the basis of the drying shrinkage determined using the procedure described in this Part of MS 30, aggregates with drying shrinkage up to and including 0.075% should be classified as category A and aggregates with drying shrinkage exceeding 0.075% should be classified as category B. ‘The uses for which aggregates in these categories are suitable and minimum frequencies of test are given in Tables 2 and 3. Table A1. Categories of use Category Range of values Use. A 0 t0 0.075% ‘All concreting purposes” Greater than 0.075% Positions where complete drying concrete the weather. ‘cut never occurs. Mass concrete surfaced with ai entrained Members syrrmetricaly and heavily reinforced not exposed to + Guidance on structural design in respect of drying shrinkage of concrete is provided in section seven of MS 1195 : Part 2. MS 26 : Part 2 provides a method of assessing drying shrinkage of concrete Design checks fo ensure defections are not excessive may be needed when aggregates with drying shrinkage in excess of 0.06% are used in very eccentically prestressed concrete. Table A2. Recommended minimum testing frequency Range of values Frequency 0 to 0.05% material does not change (Once every’S years, provided essertial character fo Greater than 0.05% AnnualMS 30: Ms 522 BS 410 Bs 593 Ms 30 Bs 907 Ms 26 Bs 5497 Ms 1195 PART 16 : 1995 Appendix B Publications referred to Specification for ordinary and rapid-hardening Portland cement Specification for test sieves Specification for laboratory thermometers Testing aggregates Part 2 : Guide to sampling and testing aggregates Part 3: Methods for sampling Specification for dial gauges for linear measurement Testing concrete Part 1 : Method of testing fresh concrete Part 2 : Methods of testing hardened conerete for other than strength Precision of test methods Part 1 : Guide to the determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests Structural use of concrete Part 2 : Code of practice for special circumstances Building Research Establishment Digest No. 35 (New edition 1968) Shrinkage of natural aggregates in concrete.