100 ARCHITECTURAL TERMS USED IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE_____________________________
INSTRUCTIONS: SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. MAKE
ONLY ONE ANSWER FOR EACH ITEM. STRICKLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
1. What is a decorative appendage on the corners of the base of a round column resting on a square or
polygonal pilnth, in the form of a grotesque, a tongue or leafwork?
a. spur b. Springer c. springing line d. none of the above
REF: ERNEST BURDEN, ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE, p. 202
2. It is a short channel or tube used to spill storm water from gullies, balconies; exterior galleries so that
the water will fall clear of the building.
a .drainage b. Spoiler c. spout d. water cistern
REF: ERNEST BURDEN, DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE, p. 202
3. It is to connect, unite, or join two similar members, wires, columns or pieces: usually in a straight line
by fastening the lapped ends by means of mechanical end connectors or by welding.
a .butt splice b. spline joint c. splice d. lap splice
REF: ERNEST BURDEN, DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE, p. 202
4. A vertical window which projects from a sloping roof, placed in a small gable.
a .camber window b. Double- hung window c. dormer window d. casement window
REF: IBID, p. 236
5. A window ventilating sash, fixed at the sides of the opening into which it is fitted, which swings open
on hinges along its entire length.
a .camber window b. Double- hung window c. dormer window d. casement window
REF: IBID, p. 236
6. A type of projecting window or bay window for the display of goods in shops.
a .camber window b. cabinet window c. dormer window d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 236
7. A public open space or square surrounded by buildings.
a .piazza b. garden c. plaza d. pier
REF: IBID, p. 158
8. A free- standing support for an arch, usually composite in section and thicker than a column, but
performing the same function.
a .pier b. buttress c. arch d. beam
REF: IBID, p. 158
9. A pier which receives the thrust of a flying buttress.
a .pier buttress b. buttress c. buttress arch d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 158
10. The durable surface of a sidewalk, or other outdoor area.
a .asphalt b. pavement c. stones d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 152
11. A low- ceilinged story located between two main stories usually constructed directly above the
ground floor.
a .second floor b. mezzanine c. balcony d. terrace
REF: IBID, p. 134
12. A niche in the mosque of any religious Muslim building, indicating the direction of prayer toward
Mecca.
a .milling b. spur c. mher d. mhrab
REF: IBID, p. 134
13. In stonework, the processing of quarry blocks, through sawing, planning, turning, and cutting
techniques, to produce finished stone.
a .milling b. grinding c. quarrying d. mining
REF: IBID, p. 134
14. The tall slender tower of a mosque with stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which
followers are called to a prayer.
a .spur b. batter c. minaret d. cone of vision
REF: IBID, p. 134
15. A Bronze Age civilization (1800-1300 B.C), whose gate buildings with porches provided access to
unfortified compounds.
a .roman architecture b. mission architecture c. minoan architecture d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 134
16. The church and monastery architecture of the Spanish religious orders in Mexico and California in
the 18th century.
a .roman architecture b. mission architecture c. minoan architecture d. early Christian
REF: IBID, p. 134
17. A diplomatic office in a foreign country, a small church or monastic order.
a .mission architecture b. mission c. Mission style d. mission file
REF: IBID, p. 134
18. The line formed by the meeting of moldings or other surfaces which intersect each other at an angle.
a .milling b. spur c. mher d. mhrab
REF: IBID, p. 134
19. A broad deep trench, filled with water, surrounding ramparts of a town or fortress.
a .mhrab b. spur c. mher d. moat
REF: IBID, p. 134
20. A term meaning just now. It used concrete, steel and glass.
a .deconstructivism b. modernism c. formalism d. early modern
REF: IBID, p. 134
21. A permanent projecting rooflike shelter over an entrance to a building, often displaying information
about performances.
a .attic b. marquee c. gable d. marquetry
REF: IBID, p. 127
22. Inlaid pieces of material, such as wood or ivory, fitted together and glued to a common background.
a .attic b. marquee c. gable d. marquetry
REF: IBID, p. 127
23. The representation of a face, a human or partly human head, more or less caricatured, and used as
an architectural element.
a .mascaron b. moscaron c. mascaran d. moscoran
REF: IBID, p. 127
24. A corbel, the shadow of which bears a close resemblance to that of a human face.
a .mascaron b. moscaron c. maskara d. mask
REF: IBID, p. 127
25. Includes all stone products, all brick products and all concrete block units, including decorative and
customized blocks.
a .masonry b. concrete manonry c. ashlar masonry d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 127
26. Any opening in a parapet or wall to allow vision, light or air.
a. light well b. loophole c. louvers d. gable
REF: IBID, p. 124
27. A window opening made up of overlapping boards, blades or slats, either fixed or adjustable,
designed to allow ventilation in varying degrees without letting in the rain.
a. light well b. loophole c. louvers d. gable
REF: IBID, p. 124
28. An equilateral four- sided figure with pairs of equal angles, two acute and two obtuse.
a. light well b. lozenge c. louvers d. gable
REF: IBID, p. 124
29. The pleasing interaction or appropriate orderly of the elements in a composition.
a. harmony b. harmonic proportions c. harmony proportions d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 107
30. The middle part of an arch, between the springing point and the crown.
a. haunch b. batter c. swingers d. hattin
REF: IBID, p. 107
31. In general, the uppermost member of any structure.
a. haunch b. batter c. head d.moat
REF: IBID, p. 107
32. The uppermost horizontal cross member between jambs, which forms the top of a door or window
frame, may provide structural support for construction above.
a. haunch b. batter c. head d.moat
REF: IBID, p. 107
33. Any spiral form, particularly a small volute or twist under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.
a. haunch b.helix c. merions d.moat
REF: IBID, p. 107
34. Architecture (480-323 B.c.) of the classical Greek period up to the death of Alexander the great.
a .roman architecture b. mission architecture c. Minoan architecture d. hellenistic architecture
REF: IBID, p. 107
35. A rounded form resembling half of a sphere bounded by a circle.
a .cylindrical b. hemisperical c. elliptical d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 107
36. A tower that is finished with a gable on two or all sides, instead of terminating in a spire.
a .fosse b. keep c. gable top d. gable tower
REF: IBID, p. 96
37. A decorative pedestal, taking the place of a column, tapered downward and rectangular in cross
section, forming the lower part of a herm, on which a human bust is mounted.
a .glacis b. keep c. gaine d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 96
38. A long covered area acting as a corridor inside or on the exterior of a building or between buildings.
a .glacis b. keep c. gaine d. gallery
REF: IBID, p. 96
39. A piece of ground, open or enclosed, appropriated to plants, trees, shrubs, or other landscape
features.
a .garden b. plaza c. piazza d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 96
40 A spout carrying water from the roofs above, frequently carved with grotesque figures of animals
with open mouths, from which water discharged away from the buildings walls.
a .glacis b. gargoyle c. keep d. fosse
REF: IBID, p. 96
41. Decoration produced by cutting away the background of a pattern in stone or wood, leaving the rest
as a grating.
a .fretting b. keep c. gaine d. talus
REF: IBID, p. 94
42. A rectangular motif used in early Greek border ornament or pattern, rarely as an isolated
ornamental device, an angular counterpart of the spiral or wave.
a .fretting b. fretwork c. fosse d. talus
REF: IBID, p. 94
43. An elevated horizontal continuous band or panel that is usually located below the cornice, and often
decorated with sculpture in low relief.
a .frieze b. offensive c. gargoyle d. talus
REF: IBID, p. 94
44. The decorated front wall or bay of a building.
a .keep b. frontispiece c. loirre d. glacis
REF: IBID, p. 94
45. A part or feature of a faade, often treated as a separated element and ornamented highly.
a. talus b. frontispiece c. loirre d.donjon
REF: IBID, p. 94
46. An ornamental porch or main pediment.
a .keep b. frontispiece c. loirre d. glacis
REF: IBID, p. 94
47. Rusticated, with formalized stalactites or icicles, given an even, granular surface to avoid shine,
closely reticulated or matted to avoid transparency.
a .frosted b. rustic c. glazed d. frosting
REF: IBID, p. 94
48. A court forming an entrance plaza for a single building, or a group of several buildings.
a .garden b. open court c. courtyard d. forecourt
REF: IBID, p. 91
49. A term representing a new classicism in American architecture (1950- 1965), manifested in buildings
by Mies Van Der Rohe, Phillip Johnson, Paul Rudolph and Minuro Yamasaki.
a .deconstructivism b. modernism c. formalism d. early modern
REF: IBID, p. 91
50. A garden whose plantings, walks, pools and fountains follow a definite, recognizable plan frequently
symmetrical, emphasizing geometrical forms.
a .formal garden b. open court c. garden d. forecourt
REF: IBID, p. 91
51. A transitional style between the Gothic and Renaissance in England (1558-1603) named after a
queen, consisting mostly of designs for country houses, characterized by large windows and by strap
iron ornamentation.
a .Estelline style b. Franconia style c. Katherine style d. elizabethan style
REF: IBID, p. 80
52. A cylindrical or polygonal wall below a dome, often pierced with windows.
a .dormer b. drum c. charette d. In cavetto
REF: IBID, p. 77
53. Recessed or lowered in two steps, as when a panel is sunk below the surface of a larger panel.
a .pilaster b .double- sunk c. charette d. in cavetto
REF: IBID, p. 77
54. A dormer whose eave line is parallel to the eave of the main roof, as opposed to one whose eave is
gabled.
a .dormer cheek b. Eyebrow dormer c. gable dormer d. shed dormer
REF: IBID, p. 77
55. The vertical side of a dormer.
a .dormer cheek b. eyebrow dormer c. gable dormer d. shed dormer
REF: IBID, p. 76
56. A structure projecting from a sloping roof usually housing a vertical window that is placed in a small
gable, or containing a ventilating louver.
a .dormer cheek b. eyebrow dormer c. gable dormer d. dormer
REF: IBID, p. 76
57. The first and simplest of the orders, developed by the Dorian Greeks, consisting of relatively short
shafts with flutes meeting with a sharp arris, simple undecorated capital, square abacus and having no
base.
a .doric order b. ionic order c. Corinthian order d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 76
58. It is a knob, bar, or ring of metal attached to the outside of an exterior door to enable a person to
announce his or her presence, usually held by a hinge so that it can be lifted t strike a metal plare.
a .doorknocker b. door head c. door mullion d. door muntin
REF: IBID, p. 74
59. An intermediate vertical member that divides the panels of a door.
a .doorknocker b. door head c. door mullion d. door muntin
REF: IBID, p. 74
60. The center vertical member of a double door opening set between two single active leaves, usually
the strike side of each leaf.
a .doorknocker b. door head c. door mullion d. door muntin
REF: IBID, p. 74
61. The uppermost member of a door frame, a horizontal projection above a door.
a .doorknocker b. door head c. door mullion d. door muntin
REF: IBID, p. 74
62. A crossbar separating a door from a light of window located above it.
a .door rail b. door stile c. door threshold d. door transom
REF: IBID, p. 74
63. A horizontal cross member connecting the hinge stile to the lock stile, both at the top and bottom of
the door and at intermediate location, maybe exposed as in panel doors, or concealed, as in flush doors.
a .door rail b. door stile c. door threshold d. door transom
REF: IBID, p. 74
64. One of the upright structural members of the frame at the outer edge of a door.
a .door rail b. Door stile c. door threshold d. door transom
REF: IBID, p. 74
65. A strip fastened to the floor beneath a door, usually required to cover the joint where two types of
floor material meet.
a .door rail b. door stile c. door threshold d. door transom
REF: IBID, p. 74
66. A series or closely spaced ornamental rectangular blocks resembling teeth, used as moldings most
often in continuous bands just below the cornice.
a .Cuspidation b. serrated c. dentil d. crest
REF: IBID, p. 68
67. Any system of ornamentation which consists of or contains cusps.
a .cuspidation b. serrated c. dentil d. crest
REF: IBID, p. 66
68. Any uppermost or terminal features in architecture, the top of an arch including the key stone; the
corona of a cornice, often including the elements above it.
a .Crossette b. bevel c. patina d. crown
REF: IBID, p. 65
69. A lateral projection of the architrave moldings of classical doors and windows at the extremities of
the lintel or head.
a .crossette b. bevel c. patina d. crown
REF: IBID, p. 65
70. An ornament on a roof, a roof screen or wall which is frequently perforated, and consists of rhythmic
and identical patterns that are highly decorated.
a .cuspidation b. serrated c. dentil d. crest
REF: IBID, p. 64
71. Overhanging eaves where the rafters are exposed at the eaves and can be seen from below.
a .boxed cornice b. horizontal cornice c. open cornice d. modillion cornice
REF: IBID, p. 63
72. The level cornice of the pediment under the two inclined cornices.
a .boxed cornice b. horizontal cornice c. open cornice d. modillion cornice
REF: IBID, p. 63
73. A cornice supported by a series of modillions, often found in Composite and Corinthian orders.
a .boxed cornice b. horizontal cornice c. open cornice d. modillion cornice
REF: IBID, p. 63
74. A hollow cornice, built up of boards and moldings resulting in a soffit under the eaves.
a .boxed cornice b. horizontal cornice c. open cornice d. modillion cornice
REF: IBID, p. 63
75. The most ornamental of the three orders developed by the Greeks, characterized by a high base,
pedestal slender fluted shaft fillets, ornate capitals using stylized acanthus leaves, and an elaborate
cornice.
a .Doric order b. ionic order c. corinthian order d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 62
76. The stepped edge of an incline that terminates a masonry gable end wall, masking the surface of a
pitched roof beyond, found in northern European masonry construction.
a .corbelstep b. arboretum c. barge board d. console
REF: IBID, p. 62
77. A vertical decorated bracket in the form of a scroll, usually higher than its projection from the wall to
support a cornice, window or a piece of sculpture.
a .corbelstep b. arboretum c. barge board d. console
REF: IBID, p. 59
78. Having a common center.
a .persona b. mandapa c. concentric d. herm
REF: IBID, p. 57
79. A column entwined by a band which presents a twisted or spiral appearance; a twisted column.
a .wreathed column b. tension column c. Wall column d. insulated column
REF: IBID, p. 56
80. A column which is embedded or partially embedded in a wall.
a .wreathed column b. tension column c. wall column d. insulated column
REF: IBID, p. 56
81. A column subjected to tensile stresses only.
a .wreathed column b. tension column c. Wall column d. insulated column
REF: IBID, p. 56
82. A decorative sculpture or painting representing chubby, usually naked infants; also known as amorini
or putti.
a .cherubs b. glyph c. statue d. nave
REF: IBID, p. 49
83. The upper member of a column, pillar, pier or pilaster, crowning the shaft and usually decorated.
a canephora b. arboretum c. barge board d. capital
REF: IBID, p. 42
84. It can carry an architrave, arcade or imposed block. The classical orders each have representative
capitals.
a .canephora b. arboretum c. barge board d. capital
REF: IBID, p. 42
85. An ornament representing a young maiden bearing a basket of ceremonial offering on her head,
used either as a column support or as a free standing garden ornament.
a .canephora b. arboretum c. barge board d. capital
REF: IBID, p. 41
86. An exterior mass of masonry projecting wall to absorb the lateral thrusts from roof vaults; either
unbroken in their height or broken into stages, with a successive reduction in their projection and width.
a .buttress b. angle buttress c. flying buttress d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 39
87. One of two buttresses that appear at right angles to each other, forming a corner support for a
structure.
a .buttress b. angle buttress c. flying buttress d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 39
88. A characteristic feature of gothic construction in which the lateral thrusts of a roof or vault are
carried by a segmental masonry arch, usually sloping to a solid pier or support sufficient to receive the
thrust.
a .buttress b. angle buttress c. flying buttress d. none of the above
REF: IBID, p. 39
89. A projection from a vertical surface providing structural or visual support under cornices, balconies,
windows, or any other over hanging member.
a .tempera b. bracket c. travertine d. roundel
REF: IBID, p. 35
90. The ornamental molding running around the exterior curve of an arch, around the openings of
windows, doors, or other openings.
a .archivolt b. obelisk c. antefix d. rosette
REF: IBID, p. 20
91. A common Greek ornament based on the honeysuckle or palmette, used in a radiating cluster either
singly on stele or antefix, or as a running ornament on friezes.
a .archivolt b. aegricranes c. antefix d. anthemion
REF: IBID, p. 11
92. A decorated upright slab used in classical architecture and derivatives to close or conceal the open
end of a row of tiles covering the joints of roof tiles.
a .archivolt b. aegricranes c. antefix d. anthemion
REF: IBID, p. 10
93. Sculptured representations of the heads and skulls of goats and rams, once used as decoration on
altars and friezes.
a .archivolt b. aegricranes c. antefix d. anthemion
REF: IBID, p.7
94. An elevated pedestal bearing a statue that is raised above the substructure.
a .acropodium b. aegricranes c. antefix d. anthemion
REF: IBID, p.2
95. It allows children to look into the street without falling over.
a .ventanilla b. barandillas c. balusters d. volada
REF: FERNANDO ZIALCITA, PHILIPPINE ANCESTRAL HOUSES, 1980 p.175
96. A porch overhanging the ground floor but covered with a wall and windows prevented the heat of
the sun from entering the interior rooms.
a .ventanilla b. barandillas c. balusters d. volada
REF: IBID p.113
97. It was for washing, bleaching and drying clothes; it was a hanging garden, a recreation area and a
place to catch the breze.
a .virande b. comedor c. azotea d. zaguan
REF: IBID p.145
98. Found in the dining room rather than the kitchen; it is an extended window shelf, designed to let sun,
wind and force and gravity dry a mountain of dishes.
a .banggeras b. barandillas c. balusters d. volada
REF: IBID p.147
99. A little window below the sill allowed additional breeze into the bahay na bato.
a .banggeras b. ventanilla c. balusters d. volada
REF: IBID p.160
100. Opens out into a fully enclosed, central courtyard.
a .banggeras b. ventanilla c. zaguan d. volada
REF: IBID p.92
COMPILED BY:
JUANANE, MARIA GRASYA DR
AR4-2003116132
ANSWER SHEET:
1. A 21.B 41. A 61.B 81.B
2. C 22.D 42. B 62.D 82.A
3. C 23.A 43. A 63.A 83.D
4. C 24.D 44. B 64.B 84.D
5. D 25.A 45. B 65.C 85.A
6. B 26.B 46. B 66.C 86.A
7. A 27.C 47. A 67.A 87.B
8. A 28.B 48. D 68.D 88.C
9. A 29.A 49. C 69.A 89.B
10. B 30.A 50. A 70.D 90.A
11. B 31.C 51. D 71.C 91.D
12. D 32.C 52. B 72.B 92.C
13. A 33.B 53. B 73.D 93.B
14. C 34.D 54. D 74.A 94.A
15. C 35.B 55. B 75.C 95.B
16. B 36.D 56. D 76.A 96.D
17. B 37.C 57. A 77.D 97.C
18. C 38.D 58. A 78.C 98.A
19. D 39.A 59. D 79.A 99.B
20. B 40.B 60. C 80.C 100.C
COMPILED BY:
JUANANE, MARIA GRASYA DR
AR4-2003116132
