AWS Command Line Interface

User Guide
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide

AWS Command Line Interface: User Guide

Copyright 2017 Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its aliates. All rights reserved.
Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner
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owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be aliated with, connected to, or sponsored by
Amazon.
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide

Table of Contents
What Is the AWS CLI? ......................................................................................................................... 1
Using the Examples in this Guide ................................................................................................. 2
About Amazon Web Services ....................................................................................................... 3
Install ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Linux ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Python .............................................................................................................................. 6
on Amazon Linux 2017 ....................................................................................................... 6
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................. 7
Installing Pip ..................................................................................................................... 8
Installing the AWS CLI with Pip ........................................................................................... 9
Windows ................................................................................................................................... 9
MSI Installer .................................................................................................................... 10
Windows ......................................................................................................................... 11
Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command Line Path ................................................. 12
macOS .................................................................................................................................... 12
Install Python, pip, and the AWS CLI on macOS ................................................................... 12
Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command Line Path ................................................. 13
Virtualenv ................................................................................................................................ 13
Bundled Installer ...................................................................................................................... 14
Prerequisites .................................................................................................................... 15
Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer .................................................................... 15
Install the AWS CLI Without Sudo (Linux, macOS, or Unix) ..................................................... 16
Uninstalling ..................................................................................................................... 16
Congure ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Quick Conguration .................................................................................................................. 17
Conguration Settings and Precedence ....................................................................................... 19
Conguration and Credential Files .............................................................................................. 19
Named Proles ........................................................................................................................ 20
Using Proles with the AWS CLI ......................................................................................... 21
Environment Variables .............................................................................................................. 21
Command Line Options ............................................................................................................ 22
Instance Metadata .................................................................................................................... 23
Using an HTTP Proxy ................................................................................................................ 23
Authenticating to a Proxy .................................................................................................. 23
Using a proxy on EC2 Instances ......................................................................................... 24
Assuming a Role ...................................................................................................................... 24
Conguring and Using a Role ............................................................................................ 24
Using Multifactor Authentication ........................................................................................ 26
Cross Account Roles .......................................................................................................... 26
Command Completion .............................................................................................................. 26
Identify Your Shell ............................................................................................................ 27
Locate the AWS Completer ................................................................................................ 27
Enable Command Completion ............................................................................................ 28
Test Command Completion ............................................................................................... 28
Tutorial: Using Amazon EC2 ............................................................................................................... 29
Install the AWS CLI ................................................................................................................... 29
Windows ......................................................................................................................... 29
Linux, macOS, or Unix ....................................................................................................... 29
Congure the CLI and Launch an EC2 Instance ............................................................................. 30
Step 1: Congure the AWS CLI ........................................................................................... 30
Step 2: Create a Security Group, Key Pair, and Role for the EC2 Instance .................................. 30
Step 3: Launch and Connect to the Instance ........................................................................ 31
Using the AWS CLI ........................................................................................................................... 33
Getting Help ............................................................................................................................ 33

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide

AWS CLI Documentation ................................................................................................... 36

API Documentation ........................................................................................................... 37
Command Structure ................................................................................................................. 37
Specifying Parameter Values ...................................................................................................... 37
Common Parameter Types ................................................................................................. 38
Using JSON for Parameters ............................................................................................... 39
Loading Parameters from a File ......................................................................................... 41
Generate CLI Skeleton .............................................................................................................. 43
Controlling Command Output .................................................................................................... 45
How to Select the Output Format ...................................................................................... 46
How to Filter the Output with the --query Option ............................................................... 46
JSON Output Format ........................................................................................................ 49
Text Output Format .......................................................................................................... 49
Table Output Format ........................................................................................................ 50
Shorthand Syntax ..................................................................................................................... 52
Structure Parameters ........................................................................................................ 52
List Parameters ................................................................................................................ 52
Pagination ............................................................................................................................... 53
Working with Services ....................................................................................................................... 55
DynamoDB .............................................................................................................................. 55
Amazon EC2 ............................................................................................................................ 57
Using Key Pairs ................................................................................................................ 57
Using Security Groups ....................................................................................................... 59
Using Instances ................................................................................................................ 62
Amazon Glacier ........................................................................................................................ 68
Create an Amazon Glacier Vault ......................................................................................... 68
Prepare a File for Uploading .............................................................................................. 68
Initiate a Multipart Upload and Upload Files ........................................................................ 69
Complete the Upload ........................................................................................................ 70
AWS Identity and Access Management ........................................................................................ 71
Create New IAM Users and Groups ..................................................................................... 71
Set an IAM Policy for an IAM User ...................................................................................... 72
Set an Initial Password for an IAM User ............................................................................... 73
Create Security Credentials for an IAM User ......................................................................... 73
Amazon S3 .............................................................................................................................. 74
Using High-Level Amazon S3 Commands ............................................................................ 74
Using API Level (s3api) Commands ..................................................................................... 79
Amazon SNS ............................................................................................................................ 80
Create a Topic .................................................................................................................. 80
Subscribe to a Topic ......................................................................................................... 80
Publish to a Topic ............................................................................................................ 81
Unsubscribe from a Topic .................................................................................................. 81
Delete a Topic .................................................................................................................. 81
Amazon SWF ........................................................................................................................... 82
List of Amazon SWF Commands ......................................................................................... 82
Working with Amazon SWF Domains .................................................................................. 84

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide

What Is the AWS Command Line

Interface?

The AWS CLI is an open source tool built on top of the AWS SDK for Python (Boto) that provides
commands for interacting with AWS services. With minimal conguration, you can start using all of the
functionality provided by the AWS Management Console from your favorite terminal program.

Linux shells Use common shell programs such as Bash, Zsh, and tsch to run commands in Linux,
macOS, or Unix.
Windows command line On Microsoft Windows, run commands in either PowerShell or the Windows
Command Processor.
Remotely Run commands on Amazon EC2 instances through a remote terminal such as PuTTY or
SSH, or with Amazon EC2 systems manager.

The AWS CLI provides direct access to AWS services' public APIs. Explore a service's capabilities with the
AWS CLI, and develop shell scripts to manage your resources. Or take what you've learned to develop
programs in other languages with the AWS SDK.

In addition to the low level, API equivalent commands, the AWS CLI also provides customizations for
several services. Customizations are higher level commands that simplify using a service with a complex
API. For example, the aws s3 set of commands provide a familiar syntax for managing les in Amazon
S3.

Example Upload a le to Amazon S3

aws s3 cp provides a shell-like copy command, and automatically performs a multipart upload to
transfer large les quickly and resiliently.

~$ aws s3 cp myvideo.mp4 s3://mybucket/

Performing the same task with the low level commands (available under aws s3api) would take a lot
more eort.

Depending on your use case, you may want to use the AWS SDK, a toolkit, or the AWS Tools for Windows
PowerShell.

AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Using the Examples in this Guide

AWS SDK for Java

AWS SDK for .NET
AWS SDK for JavaScript
AWS SDK for Ruby
AWS SDK for Python (Boto)
AWS SDK for PHP
AWS SDK for Go
AWS Toolkit for Eclipse
AWS Toolkit for Visual Studio

You can viewand forkthe source code for the AWS CLI on GitHub in the aws-cli repository. Join
the community of users on GitHub to provide feedback, request features, and submit your own
contributions!

Using the Examples in this Guide

The examples in this guide are formatted with the following conventions:

Prompt The command prompt is displayed as a dollar sign ('$'). Do not include the prompt when you
type commands.
Directory When commands must be executed from a specic directory, the directory name is shown
before the prompt symbol.
User Input Command text that you should enter at the command line is formatted as user input.
Replaceable Text Variable text, including names of resources that you choose, or IDs generated by
AWS services that you must include in commands, is formatted as replaceable text. In multiple line
commands or commands where specic keyboard input is required, keyboard commands can also be
shown as replaceable text.
Output Output returned by AWS services is shown beneath user input without any special
formatting.

For example, the following command includes user input, replaceable text, and output:

$ aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
Default region name [None]: us-west-2
Default output format [None]: ENTER

To use this example, type aws configure at the command line and press Enter. aws configure is the
command. This command is interactive, so the AWS CLI outputs lines of texts, prompting you to enter
additional information. Enter each of your access keys in turn and press Enter. Then, enter a region name
in the format shown, press Enter, and press Enter a nal time to skip the output format setting. The nal
Enter command is shown as replaceable text because there is no user input for that line. Otherwise, it
would be implied.

The following example shows a simple non-interactive command with output from the service in JSON
format:

$ aws ec2 create-security-group --group-name my-sg --description "My security group"

{
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
About Amazon Web Services

To use this example, enter the full text of the command (the highlighted text after the prompt) and press
Enter. The name of the security group, my-sg is replaceable. In this case, you can use the group name as
shown, but you will probably want to use a more descriptive name.
Note
Arguments that must be replaced (such as AWS Access Key ID), and those that should be
replaced (such as group name), are both shown as replaceable text. If an argument must be
replaced, it will be noted in the text describing the example.

The JSON document, including the curly braces, is output. If you congure your CLI to output in text or
table format, the output will be formatted dierently. JSON is the default output format.

About Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of digital infrastructure services that developers can leverage
when developing their applications. The services include computing, storage, database, and application
synchronization(messaging and queuing). AWS uses a pay-as-you-go service model. You are charged
only for the services that youor your applicationsuse. Also, to make AWS more approachable as a
platform for prototyping and experimentation, AWS oers a free usage tier. On this tier, services are free
below a certain level of usage. For more information about AWS costs and the Free Tier, see Test-Driving
AWS in the Free Usage Tier. To obtain an AWS account, open the AWS home page and then click Sign Up.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide

Installing the AWS Command Line

Interface

The primary distribution method for the AWS CLI on Linux, Windows, and macOS is pip, a package
manager for Python that provides an easy way to install, upgrade, and remove Python packages and
their dependencies.
Current AWS CLI Version
The AWS CLI is updated frequently with support for new services and commands. To see if you
have the latest version, see the releases page on GitHub.

Requirements

Python 2 version 2.6.5+ or Python 3 version 3.3+

Windows, Linux, macOS, or Unix

If you already have pip and a supported version of Python, you can install the AWS CLI with the
following command:

$ pip install --upgrade --user awscli

The --upgrade option tells pip to upgrade any requirements that are already installed. The --user
option tells pip to install the program to a subdirectory of your user directory to avoid modifying
libraries used by your operating sytem.

If you encounter issues when you attempt to install the AWS CLI with pip, you can install the AWS CLI
in a virtual environment (p. 13) to isolate the tool and its dependencies, or use a dierent version of
Python than you normally do.
Standalone Installers
For oine or automated installations on Linux, macOS, or Unix, try the bundled
installer (p. 14). The bundled installer includes the AWS CLI, its dependencies, and a shell
script that performs the installation for you.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Linux

On Windows, you can also use the MSI installer (p. 10). Both of these methods simplify the
initial installation, with the tradeo of being more dicult to upgrade when a new version of
the AWS CLI is released.

After you install the AWS CLI, you may need to add the path to the executable le to your PATH variable.
For platform specic instructions, see the following topics:

Linux Troubleshooting AWS CLI Installations on Linux (p. 7)

Windows Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command Line Path (p. 12)
macOS Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command Line Path (p. 13)

Verify that the AWS CLI installed correctly by running aws --version.

$ aws --version
aws-cli/1.11.84 Python/3.5.2 Linux/4.4.0-59-generic botocore/1.5.47

The AWS CLI is updated regularly to add support for new services and commands. To update to the latest
version of the AWS CLI, run the installation command again.

$ pip install --upgrade --user awscli

If you need to uninstall the AWS CLI, use pip uninstall.

$ pip uninstall awscli

If you don't have Python and pip, use the procedure for your operating system:

Sections
Install the AWS Command Line Interface on Linux (p. 5)
Install the AWS Command Line Interface on Microsoft Windows (p. 9)
Install the AWS Command Line Interface on macOS (p. 12)
Install the AWS Command Line Interface in a Virtual Environment (p. 13)
Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer (Linux, macOS, or Unix) (p. 14)

Install the AWS Command Line Interface on Linux

You can install the AWS Command Line Interface and its dependencies on most Linux distributions with
pip, a package manager for Python.

Important
The awscli package is available in repositories for other package managers such as APT and
yum, but it is not guaranteed to be the latest version unless you get it from pip or use the
bundled installer (p. 14)

If you already have pip, follow the instructions in the main installation topic (p. 4). Run pip --
version to see if your version of Linux already includes Python and pip.

$ pip --version

If you don't have pip, check to see which version of Python is installed.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Python

$ python --version

or

$ python3 --version

If you don't have Python 2 version 2.6.5+ or Python 3 version 3.3+, install Python (p. 6). Otherwise,
install pip and the AWS CLI.

Installing Python on Linux

If your distribution did not come with Python, or came with an older version, install Python before
installing pip and the AWS CLI.

To install Python 3 on Linux

1. Check to see if Python is already installed:

$ python --version

Note
If your Linux distribution came with Python, you may need to install the Python developer
package in order to get the headers and libraries required to compile extensions and install
the AWS CLI. Install the developer package (typically named python-dev or python-devel)
using your package manager.
2. If Python 2.7 or later is not installed, install Python with your distribution's package manager. The
command and package name varies:

On Debian derivatives such as Ubuntu, use APT:

$ sudo apt-get install python3

On Red Hat and derivatives, use yum:

$ sudo yum install python

On SUSE and derivatives, use zypper:

$ sudo zypper install python3

3. Open a command prompt or shell and run the following command to verify that Python installed
correctly:

$ python3 --version
Python 3.5.2

Installing the AWS Command Line Interface on

Amazon Linux 2017
The AWS CLI comes pre-installed on the Amazon Linux AMI. Check the currently installed version with
aws --version.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Troubleshooting

$ aws --version
aws-cli/1.11.83 Python/2.7.12 Linux/4.9.20-11.31.amzn1.x86_64 botocore/1.5.46

You can use sudo yum update to get the latest version available in the yum repository, but this may not
be the latest version. Use pip to get the latest version.

To upgrade the AWS CLI on Amazon Linux (root)

1. Use pip install to install the latest version of the AWS CLI.

$ sudo pip install --upgrade awscli

2. Verify the new version with aws --version.

$ aws --version
aws-cli/1.11.85 Python/2.7.12 Linux/4.9.20-11.31.amzn1.x86_64 botocore/1.5.48

If you don't have root privileges, install the AWS CLI in user mode.

To upgrade the AWS CLI on Amazon Linux (user)

1. Use pip install to install the latest version of the AWS CLI.

$ sudo pip install --upgrade --user awscli

2. Add the install location to the beginning of your PATH variable.

$ export PATH=/home/ec2-user/.local/bin:$PATH

Add this command to the end of ~/.bashrc to maintain the change between sessions.
3. Verify the new version with aws --version.

$ aws --version
aws-cli/1.11.85 Python/2.7.12 Linux/4.9.20-11.31.amzn1.x86_64 botocore/1.5.48

Troubleshooting AWS CLI Installations on Linux

After installing with pip, you may need to add the aws executable to your OS's PATH environment
variable, or change its mode to make it executable.

Example AWS CLI install location - Linux with pip (user mode)

~/.local/bin

If you see an error message like -bash: aws: command not found when you try to use the AWS CLI, add
the location of the executable to your PATH environment variable.

To modify your PATH variable (Linux, macOS, or Unix)

1. Find your shell's prole script in your user folder. If you are not sure which shell you have, run echo
$SHELL.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Installing Pip

$ ls -a ~
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc Desktop Documents Downloads

Bash .bash_profile, .profile, or .bash_login.

Zsh .zshrc
Tcsh .tcshrc, .cshrc or .login.
2. Add an export command to prole script.

export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH

This command adds a path, ~/.local/bin in this example, to the current PATH variable.
3. Load the prole into your current session.

$ source ~/.bash_profile

If you see permission denied when you try to use the AWS CLI, make sure that the aws script has a le
mode that is executable. For example, 755.

To make the aws script executable

1. Locate the script.

$ which aws
~/.local/bin

2. Run chmod +x to make the le executable.

$ chmod +x ~/.local/bin

Sections
Installing Pip (p. 8)
Installing the AWS CLI with Pip (p. 9)

Installing Pip
If you don't have pip, install pip with the script provided by the Python Packaging Authority.

To install pip

1. Download the installation script from pypa.io:

$ curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

The script downloads and installs the latest version of pip and another required package named
setuptools.
2. Run the script with Python:

$ python get-pip.py --user

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Installing the AWS CLI with Pip

3. Add the executable path to your PATH variable: ~/.local/bin

To modify your PATH variable (Linux, macOS, or Unix)

1. Find your shell's prole script in your user folder. If you are not sure which shell you have, run
echo $SHELL.

$ ls -a ~
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc Desktop Documents Downloads

Bash .bash_profile, .profile, or .bash_login.

Zsh .zshrc
Tcsh .tcshrc, .cshrc or .login.
2. Add an export command to prole script.

export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH

This command adds a path, ~/.local/bin in this example, to the current PATH variable.
3. Load the prole into your current session.

$ source ~/.bash_profile

4. Verify that pip is installed correctly.

$ pip --version
pip 8.1.2 from ~/.local/lib/python3.4/site-packages (python 3.4)

Installing the AWS CLI with Pip

Use pip to install the AWS CLI.

$ pip install awscli --upgrade --user

Verify that the AWS CLI installed correctly.

$ aws --version
aws-cli/1.11.84 Python/3.5.2 Linux/4.4.0-59-generic botocore/1.5.47

If you get an error, see Troubleshooting AWS CLI Installations on Linux (p. 7).

To upgrade to the latest version, run the installation command again:

$ pip install awscli --upgrade --user

Install the AWS Command Line Interface on

Microsoft Windows
You can install the AWS CLI on Windows with a standalone installer or pip, a package manager for
Python. If you already have pip, follow the instructions in the main installation topic (p. 4).

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
MSI Installer

Sections
MSI Installer (p. 10)
Install Python, pip, and the AWS CLI on Windows (p. 11)
Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command Line Path (p. 12)

MSI Installer
The AWS CLI is supported on Microsoft Windows XP or later. For Windows users, the MSI installation
package oers a familiar and convenient way to install the AWS CLI without installing any other
prerequisites.

When updates are released, you must repeat the installation process to get the latest version of the AWS
CLI. If you prefer to update frequently, consider using pip (p. 11) for easier updates.

To install the AWS CLI using the MSI installer

1. Download the appropriate MSI installer.

Download the AWS CLI MSI installer for Windows (64-bit)

Download the AWS CLI MSI installer for Windows (32-bit)

Note
The MSI installer for the AWS CLI does not work with Windows Server 2008 (version
6.0.6002). Use pip (p. 11) to install with this version of Windows.
2. Run the downloaded MSI installer.
3. Follow the instructions that appear.

The CLI installs to C:\Program Files\Amazon\AWSCLI (64-bit) or C:\Program Files (x86)\Amazon

\AWSCLI (32-bit) by default. To conrm the installation, use the aws --version command at a command
prompt (open the START menu and search for "cmd" if you're not sure where the command prompt is
installed).

> aws --version

aws-cli/1.11.84 Python/3.5.2 Windows/7 botocore/1.5.47

Don't include the prompt symbol ('>' above) when you type a command. These are included in program
listings to dierentiate commands that you type from output returned by the CLI. The rest of this guide
uses the generic prompt symbol '$' except in cases where a command is Windows-specic.

If Windows is unable to nd the executable, you may need to re-open the command prompt or add the
installation directory to your PATH (p. 12) environment variable manually.

Updating an MSI Installation

The AWS CLI is updated regularly. Check out the Releases page on GitHub to see when the latest version
was released. To update to the latest version, download and run the MSI installer again as detailed
above.

Uninstalling
To uninstall the AWS CLI, open the Control Panel and select Programs and Features. Select the entry
named AWS Command Line Interface and click Uninstall to launch the uninstaller. Conrm that you wish
to uninstall the AWS CLI when prompted.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Windows

You can also launch the Programs and Features menu from the command line with the following
command:

> appwiz.cpl

Install Python, pip, and the AWS CLI on Windows

The Python Software Foundation provides installers for Windows that include pip.

To install Python 3.4 and pip (Windows)

1. Download and install Python 3.4 from the downloads page of Python.org.
2. Add the Python home and scripts directories to the Windows Path system variable:

C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\Python34;C:\Python34\Scripts;%USERPROFILE%\AppData
\Roaming\Python\Scripts

To modify your PATH variable (Windows)

1. Press the Windows key and type environment variables.

2. Choose Edit environment variables for your account.
3. Choose PATH and then choose Edit.
4. Add paths to the Variable value eld, separated by semicolons. For example: C:\existing\path;C:
\new\path
5. Choose OK twice to apply the new settings.
6. Close any running command prompts and re-open.

To install the AWS CLI with pip (Windows)

1. Open the Windows Command Processor from the Start menu.

2. Verify that Python and pip are both installed correctly with the following commands:

C:\Windows\System32> python --version

Python 3.4.3
C:\Windows\System32> pip --version
pip 6.0.8 from C:\Python34\lib\site-packages (python 3.4)

3. Install the AWS CLI using pip:

C:\Windows\System32> pip install --upgrade --user awscli

4. Verify that the AWS CLI is installed correctly:

C:\Windows\System32> aws --version

aws-cli/1.11.84 Python/3.5.2 Windows/7 botocore/1.5.47

To upgrade to the latest version, run the installation command again:

C:\Windows\System32> pip install --user --upgrade awscli

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Adding the AWS CLI Executable
to your Command Line Path

Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command

Line Path
After installing with pip, add the aws executable to your OS's PATH environment variable. With an MSI
installation, this should happen automatically, but you may need to set it manually if the aws command
is not working.

Python 3.4 and pip (user mode) %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Python\Scripts

Python 3.5+ and pip (user mode) %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python35\Scripts
MSI installer (64-bit) C:\Program Files\Amazon\AWSCLI
MSI installer (32-bit) C:\Program Files (x86)\Amazon\AWSCLI

To modify your PATH variable (Windows)

1. Press the Windows key and type environment variables.

2. Choose Edit environment variables for your account.
3. Choose PATH and then choose Edit.
4. Add paths to the Variable value eld, separated by semicolons. For example: C:\existing\path;C:
\new\path
5. Choose OK twice to apply the new settings.
6. Close any running command prompts and re-open.

Install the AWS Command Line Interface on

macOS
If you have pip, follow the instructions in the main installation topic (p. 4). Run pip --version to see
if your version of macOS already includes Python and pip.

$ pip --version

Sections
Install Python, pip, and the AWS CLI on macOS (p. 12)
Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command Line Path (p. 13)

Install Python, pip, and the AWS CLI on macOS

You can install the latest version of Python and pip and then use them to install the AWS CLI.

To install the AWS CLI on macOS

1. Download and install Python 3.6 from the downloads page of Python.org.
2. Install pip with the script provided by the Python Packaging Authority.

$ curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python3 get-pip.py --user

3. Use pip to install the AWS CLI.

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Adding the AWS CLI Executable
to your Command Line Path

$ pip3 install --user --upgrade awscli

4. Verify that the AWS CLI is installed correctly.

$ aws --version
AWS CLI 1.11.84 (Python 3.6.1)

If the executable is not found, add it to your command line path (p. 13).

To upgrade to the latest version, run the installation command again:

$ pip3 install --user --upgrade awscli

Adding the AWS CLI Executable to your Command

Line Path
After installing with pip, add the aws executable to your OS's PATH environment variable.

Example AWS CLI install location - macOS with Python 3.6 and pip (user mode)

~/Library/Python/3.6/bin

To modify your PATH variable (Linux, macOS, or Unix)

1. Find your shell's prole script in your user folder. If you are not sure which shell you have, run echo
$SHELL.

$ ls -a ~
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc Desktop Documents Downloads

Bash .bash_profile, .profile, or .bash_login.

Zsh .zshrc
Tcsh .tcshrc, .cshrc or .login.
2. Add an export command to prole script.

export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH

This command adds a path, ~/.local/bin in this example, to the current PATH variable.
3. Load the prole into your current session.

$ source ~/.bash_profile

Install the AWS Command Line Interface in a

Virtual Environment
You can avoid requirement version conicts with other pip packages by installing the AWS CLI in a virtual
environment.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Bundled Installer

To install the AWS CLI in a virtual environment

1. Install virtualenv with pip.

$ pip install --user virtualenv

2. Create a virtual environment.

$ virtualenv ~/cli-ve

You can use the -p option to use a Python executable other than the default.

$ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3.4 ~/cli-ve

3. Activate the virtual environment.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ source ~/cli-ve/bin/activate

Windows

$ %USERPROFILE%\cli-ve\Scripts\activate

4. Install the AWS CLI.

(cli-ve)~$ pip install --upgrade awscli

5. Verify that the AWS CLI is installed correctly.

$ aws --version
aws-cli/1.11.84 Python/3.5.2 Linux/4.4.0-59-generic botocore/1.5.47

You can use the deactivate command to exit the virtual environment. Whenever you start a new session,
run the activation command again.

To upgrade to the latest version, run the installation command again:

(cli-ve)~$ pip install --upgrade awscli

Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer

(Linux, macOS, or Unix)
On Linux, macOS, or Unix, you can also use the bundled installer to install the AWS CLI. The bundled
installer includes all dependencies and can be used oine.
Important
The bundled installer does not support installing to paths that contain spaces.

Sections
Prerequisites (p. 15)

14
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Prerequisites

Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer (p. 15)
Install the AWS CLI Without Sudo (Linux, macOS, or Unix) (p. 16)
Uninstalling (p. 16)

Prerequisites
Linux, macOS, or Unix
Python 2 version 2.6.5+ or Python 3 version 3.3+

Check your Python installation:

$ python --version

If your computer doesn't already have Python installed, or you would like to install a dierent version of
Python, follow the procedure in Install the AWS Command Line Interface on Linux (p. 5).

Install the AWS CLI Using the Bundled Installer

Follow these steps from the command line to install the AWS CLI using the bundled installer.

To install the AWS CLI using the bundled installer

1. Download the AWS CLI Bundled Installer.

$ curl "https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-cli/awscli-bundle.zip" -o "awscli-bundle.zip"

2. Unzip the package.

$ unzip awscli-bundle.zip

Note
If you don't have unzip, use your Linux distribution's built in package manager to install it.
3. Run the install executable.

$ sudo ./awscli-bundle/install -i /usr/local/aws -b /usr/local/bin/aws

Note
By default, the install script runs under the system default version of Python. If you have
installed an alternative version of Python and want to use that to install the AWS CLI, run
the install script with that version by absolute path to the Python executable. For example:

$ sudo /usr/local/bin/python2.7 awscli-bundle/install -i /usr/local/aws -b /usr/

local/bin/aws

The installer installs the AWS CLI at /usr/local/aws and create the symlink aws at the /usr/local/bin
directory. Using the -b option to create a symlink eliminates the need to specify the install directory
in the user's $PATH variable. This should enable all users to call the AWS CLI by typing aws from any
directory.

To see an explanation of the -i and -b options, use the -h option:

15
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Install the AWS CLI Without Sudo (Linux, macOS, or Unix)

$ ./awscli-bundle/install -h

Install the AWS CLI Without Sudo (Linux, macOS, or

Unix)
If you don't have sudo permissions or want to install the AWS CLI only for the current user, you can use a
modied version of the above commands:

$ curl "https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-cli/awscli-bundle.zip" -o "awscli-bundle.zip"

$ unzip awscli-bundle.zip
$ ./awscli-bundle/install -b ~/bin/aws

This installs the AWS CLI to the default location (~/.local/lib/aws) and create a symbolic link (symlink)
at ~/bin/aws. Make sure that ~/bin is in your PATH environment variable for the symlink to work:

$ echo $PATH | grep ~/bin // See if $PATH contains ~/bin (output will be empty if it
doesn't)
$ export PATH=~/bin:$PATH // Add ~/bin to $PATH if necessary

Tip
To ensure that your $PATH settings are retained between sessions, add the export line to your
shell prole (~/.prole, ~/.bash_prole, etc).

Uninstalling
The bundled installer does not put anything outside of the installation directory except the optional
symlink, so uninstalling is as simple as deleting those two items.

$ sudo rm -rf /usr/local/aws

$ sudo rm /usr/local/bin/aws

16
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Quick Conguration

Conguring the AWS CLI

This section explains how to congure settings that the AWS Command Line Interface uses when
interacting with AWS, such as your security credentials and the default region.
Note
The AWS CLI signs requests on your behalf, and includes a date in the signature. Ensure that
your computer's date and time are set correctly; if not, the date in the signature may not match
the date of the request, and AWS rejects the request.

Sections
Quick Conguration (p. 17)
Conguration Settings and Precedence (p. 19)
Conguration and Credential Files (p. 19)
Named Proles (p. 20)
Environment Variables (p. 21)
Command Line Options (p. 22)
Instance Metadata (p. 23)
Using an HTTP Proxy (p. 23)
Assuming a Role (p. 24)
Command Completion (p. 26)

Quick Conguration
For general use, the aws configure command is the fastest way to set up your AWS CLI installation.

$ aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
Default region name [None]: us-west-2
Default output format [None]: json

The AWS CLI will prompt you for four pieces of information. AWS Access Key ID and AWS Secret Access
Key are your account credentials.

17
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Quick Conguration

To get your access key ID and secret access key

Access keys consist of an access key ID and secret access key, which are used to sign programmatic
requests that you make to AWS. If you don't have access keys, you can create them by using the AWS
Management Console. We recommend that you use IAM access keys instead of AWS root account access
keys. IAM lets you securely control access to AWS services and resources in your AWS account.
Note
To create access keys, you must have permissions to perform the required IAM actions. For more
information, see Granting IAM User Permission to Manage Password Policy and Credentials in
the IAM User Guide.

1. Open the IAM console.

2. In the navigation pane, choose Users.
3. Choose your IAM user name (not the check box).
4. Choose the Security Credentials tab and then choose Create Access Key.
5. To see your access key, choose Show User Security Credentials. Your credentials will look something
like this:

Access Key ID: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE

Secret Access Key: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRCYEXAMPLEKEY
6. Choose Download Credentials, and store the keys in a secure location.

Your secret key will no longer be available through the AWS Management Console; you will have the
only copy. Keep it condential in order to protect your account, and never email it. Do not share it
outside your organization, even if an inquiry appears to come from AWS or Amazon.com. No one
who legitimately represents Amazon will ever ask you for your secret key.

Related topics

What Is IAM? in the IAM User Guide

AWS Security Credentials in AWS General Reference

Default region is the name of the region you want to make calls against by default. This is usually the
region closest to you, but it can be any region.
Note
You must specify an AWS region when using the AWS CLI. For a list of services and available
regions, see Regions and Endpoints.

Default output format can be either json, text, or table. If you don't specify an output format, json will be
used.

If you have multiple proles, you can congure additional, named proles by using the --profile
option.

$ aws configure --profile user2

AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: je7MtGbClwBF/2Zp9Utk/h3yCo8nvbEXAMPLEKEY
Default region name [None]: us-east-1
Default output format [None]: text

To update any of your settings, simply run aws configure again and enter new values as appropriate.
The next sections contains more information on the les that aws configure creates, additional settings,
and named proles.

18
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Conguration Settings and Precedence

Conguration Settings and Precedence

The AWS CLI uses a provider chain to look for AWS credentials in a number of dierent places, including
system or user environment variables and local AWS conguration les.

The AWS CLI looks for credentials and conguration settings in the following order:

1. Command Line Options region, output format and prole can be specied as command options to
override default settings.
2. Environment Variables AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY, etc.
3. The AWS credentials le located at ~/.aws/credentials on Linux, macOS, or Unix, or at C:\Users
\USERNAME \.aws\credentials on Windows. This le can contain multiple named proles in addition
to a default prole.
4. The CLI conguration le typically located at ~/.aws/config on Linux, macOS, or Unix, or at C:
\Users\USERNAME \.aws\config on Windows. This le can contain a default prole, named proles,
and CLI specic conguration parameters for each.
5. Instance prole credentials these credentials can be used on EC2 instances with an assigned
instance role, and are delivered through the Amazon EC2 metadata service.

Conguration and Credential Files

The CLI stores credentials specied with aws configure in a local le named credentials in a folder
named .aws in your home directory. Home directory location varies but can be referred to using the
environment variables %UserProfile% in Windows and $HOME or ~ (tilde) in Unix-like systems.

For example, the following commands list the contents of the .aws folder:

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ ls ~/.aws

Windows

> dir "%UserProfile%\.aws"

In order to separate credentials from less sensitive options, region and output format are stored in a
separate le named config in the same folder.

The default le location for the cong le can be overridden by setting the AWS_CONFIG_FILE
environment variable to another local path. See Environment Variables (p. 21) for details.
Storing Credentials in Cong
The AWS CLI will also read credentials from the cong le. If you want to keep all of your prole
settings in a single le, you can. If there are ever credentials in both locations for a prole (say
you used aws configure to update the prole's keys), the keys in the credentials le will take
precedence.
If you use one of the SDKs in addition to the AWS CLI, you may notice additional warnings if
credentials are not stored in their own le.

The les generated by the CLI for the prole congured in the previous section look like this:

~/.aws/credentials

[default]

19
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Named Proles

aws_access_key_id=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
aws_secret_access_key=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

~/.aws/config

[default]
region=us-west-2
output=json

The following settings are supported.

aws_access_key_id AWS access key.

aws_secret_access_key AWS secret key.

aws_session_token AWS session token. A session token is only required if you are using temporary
security credentials.

region AWS region.

output output format (json, text, or table)

Named Proles
The AWS CLI supports named proles stored in the cong and credentials les. You can congure
additional proles by using aws configure with the --profile option or by adding entries to the cong
and credentials les.

The following example shows a credentials le with two proles:

~/.aws/credentials

[default]
aws_access_key_id=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
aws_secret_access_key=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

[user2]
aws_access_key_id=AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE
aws_secret_access_key=je7MtGbClwBF/2Zp9Utk/h3yCo8nvbEXAMPLEKEY

Each prole uses dierent credentialsperhaps from two dierent IAM usersand can also use dierent
regions and output formats.

~/.aws/config

[default]
region=us-west-2
output=json

[profile user2]
region=us-east-1
output=text

Important
The AWS credentials le uses a dierent naming format than the CLI cong le for named
proles. Do not include the 'prole ' prex when conguring a named prole in the AWS
credentials le.

20
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Using Proles with the AWS CLI

Using Proles with the AWS CLI

To use a named prole, add the --profile option to your command. The following example lists running
instances using the user2 prole from the previous section.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --profile user2

If you are going to use a named prole for multiple commands, you can avoid specifying the prole in
every command by setting the AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE environment variable at the command line:

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ export AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE=user2

Windows

> set AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE=user2

Setting the environment variable changes the default prole until the end of your shell session, or until
you set the variable to a dierent value. More on variables in the next section.

Environment Variables
Environment variables override conguration and credential les and can be useful for scripting or
temporarily setting a named prole as the default.

The following variables are supported by the AWS CLI

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID AWS access key.

AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY AWS secret key. Access and secret key variables override credentials stored
in credential and cong les.

AWS_SESSION_TOKEN session token. A session token is only required if you are using temporary
security credentials.

AWS_DEFAULT_REGION AWS region. This variable overrides the default region of the in-use prole, if
set.

AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE name of the CLI prole to use. This can be the name of a prole stored in a
credential or cong le, or default to use the default prole.

AWS_CONFIG_FILE path to a CLI cong le.

If the cong le variable is set, aws configure will write region and output settings to the specied le,
and the CLI will attempt to read proles' settings from there instead of the default le (~/.aws/cong).
Credentials will still be read from and written to the default credentials le (~/.aws/credentials).

The following example shows how you would congure environment variables for the default user from
earlier in this guide.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE

21
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Command Line Options

$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
$ export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-west-2

Windows

> set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE

> set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
> set AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-west-2

Command Line Options

The AWS CLI uses GNU-style long command line options preceded by two hyphens. Command line
options can be used to override default conguration settings for a single operation, but cannot be used
to specify credentials.

The following settings can be specied at the command line.

--prole name of a prole to use, or "default" to use the default prole.

--region AWS region to call.

--output output format.

--endpoint-url The endpoint to make the call against. The endpoint can be the address of a proxy or
an endpoint URL for the in-use AWS region. Specifying an endpoint is not required for normal use as the
AWS CLI determines which endpoint to call based on the in-use region.

The above options override the corresponding prole settings for a single operation. Each takes a string
argument with a space or equals sign ("=") separating the argument from the option name. Quotes
around the argument are not required unless the argument string contains a space.
Tip
You can use the --prole option with aws configure to set up additional proles

$ aws configure --profile profilename

Common uses for command line options include checking your resources in multiple regions and
changing output format for legibility or ease of use when scripting. For example, if you are not sure
which region your instance is running in you could run the describe-instances command against each
region until you nd it:

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --output table --region us-east-1

-------------------
|DescribeInstances|
+-----------------+
$ aws ec2 describe-instances --output table --region us-west-1
-------------------
|DescribeInstances|
+-----------------+
$ aws ec2 describe-instances --output table --region us-west-2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| DescribeInstances |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|| Reservations ||
|+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------+|
|| OwnerId | 012345678901 ||
|| ReservationId | r-abcdefgh ||

22
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Instance Metadata

|+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------+|
||| Instances |||
||+------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+||
||| AmiLaunchIndex | 0 |||
||| Architecture | x86_64 |||
...

Command line option parameter types (string, boolean, etc.) are discussed in detail in the Specifying
Parameter Values for the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 37) section later in this guide.

Instance Metadata
To use the CLI from an EC2 instance, create a role that has access to the resources needed and assign
that role to the instance when it is launched. Launch the instance and check to see if the AWS CLI is
already installed (it comes pre-installed on Amazon Linux).

Install the AWS CLI if necessary and congure a default region to avoid having to specify it in every
command. You can set the region using aws configure without entering credentials by pressing enter
twice to skip the rst two prompts:

$ aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: ENTER
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: ENTER
Default region name [None]: us-west-2
Default output format [None]: json

The AWS CLI will read credentials from the instance metadata. For more information, see Granting
Applications that Run on Amazon EC2 Instances Access to AWS Resources in IAM User Guide.

Using an HTTP Proxy

If you need to access AWS through proxy servers, you should congure the HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY
environment variables with the IP addresses for your proxy servers.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ export HTTP_PROXY=http://a.b.c.d:n
$ export HTTPS_PROXY=http://w.x.y.z:m

Windows

> set HTTP_PROXY=http://a.b.c.d:n

> set HTTPS_PROXY=http://w.x.y.z:m

In these examples, http://a.b.c.d:n and http://w.x.y.z:m are the IP addresses and ports for the HTTP
and HTTPS proxies.

Authenticating to a Proxy
The AWS CLI supports HTTP Basic authentication. Specify a username and password in the proxy URL like
this:

Linux, macOS, or Unix

23
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Using a proxy on EC2 Instances

$ export HTTP_PROXY=http://username:[email protected]:n
$ export HTTPS_PROXY=http://username:[email protected]:m

Windows

> set HTTP_PROXY=http://username:[email protected]:n

> set HTTPS_PROXY=http://username:[email protected]:m

Note
The AWS CLI does not support NTLM proxies. If you use an NTLM or Kerberos proxy, you may be
able to connect through an authentication proxy like Cntlm.

Using a proxy on EC2 Instances

If you congure a proxy on an ec2 instance launched with an IAM role, you should also set the NO_PROXY
environment variable with the IP address 169.254.169.254, so that the AWS CLI can access the Instance
Meta Data Service (IMDS).

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ export NO_PROXY=169.254.169.254

Windows

> set NO_PROXY=169.254.169.254

Assuming a Role
You can congure the AWS Command Line Interface to use a role by creating a prole for the role in the
~/.aws/config le. The following example shows a role prole named marketingadmin that is assumed
by the default prole.

[profile marketingadmin]
role_arn = arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/marketingadmin
source_profile = default

In this case, the default prole is an IAM user with credentials and permission to assume a role named
marketingadmin. To access the role, you create a named prole. Instead of conguring this prole with
credentials, you specify the ARN of the role and the name of the prole that has access to it.

Sections
Conguring and Using a Role (p. 24)
Using Multifactor Authentication (p. 26)
Cross Account Roles (p. 26)

Conguring and Using a Role

When you run commands using the role prole, the AWS CLI uses the source prole's credentials to call
AWS Security Token Service and assume the specied role. The source prole must have permission to

24
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Conguring and Using a Role

call sts:assume-role against the role, and the role must have a trust relationship with the source prole
to allow itself to be assumed.

Create a new role in IAM with the permissions that you want users to assume by following the
procedure under Creating a Role to Delegate Permissions to an IAM User in the AWS Identity and Access
Management User Guide. If the role and the target IAM user are in the same account, you can enter your
own account ID when conguring the role's trust relationship.

After creating the role, modify the trust relationship to allow the IAM user to assume it. The following
example shows a trust relationship that allows a role to be assumed by an IAM user named jonsmith:

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {
"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/jonsmith"
},
"Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
}
]
}

Next, grant your IAM user permission to assume the role. The following example shows an AWS Identity
and Access Management policy that allows an IAM user to assume the marketingadmin role:

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
"Resource": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/marketingadmin"
}
]
}

The user doesn't need to have any additional permissions to run commands using the role prole. If you
want your users to be able to access AWS resources without using the role, apply additional inline or
managed policies for those resources.

With the role prole, role permissions, trust relationship and user permissions applied, you can assume
the role at the command line by using the profile option, for example:

$ aws s3 ls --profile marketingadmin

To use the role for multiple calls, you can set the AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE environment variable for the
current session from the command line:

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ export AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE=marketingadmin

Windows

> set AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE=marketingadmin

25
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Using Multifactor Authentication

For more information on conguring IAM users and roles, see Users and Groups and Roles in the AWS
Identity and Access Management User Guide.

Using Multifactor Authentication

For additional security, you can require users to provide a one time key generated from a multifactor
authentication device or mobile app when they attempt to make a call using the role prole.

First, modify the trust relationship on the role to require multifactor authentication:

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/jonsmith" },
"Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
"Condition": { "Bool": { "aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent": true } }
}
]
}

Next, add a line to the role prole that species the ARN of the user's MFA device:

[profile marketingadmin]
role_arn = arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/marketingadmin
source_profile = default
mfa_serial = arn:aws:iam::123456789012:mfa/jonsmith

The mfa_serial setting can take an ARN, as shown, or the serial number of a hardware MFA token.

Cross Account Roles

You can enable IAM users to assume roles that belong to dierent accounts by conguring the role as
a cross account role. During role creation, set the role type to one of the options under Role for Cross-
Account Access and optionally select Require MFA. The Require MFA option congures the appropriate
condition in the trust relationship as described in Using Multifactor Authentication (p. 26).

If you use an external ID to provide additional control over who can assume a role across accounts, add
an external_id parameter to the role prole:

[profile crossaccountrole]
role_arn = arn:aws:iam::234567890123:role/xaccount
source_profile = default
mfa_serial = arn:aws:iam::123456789012:mfa/jonsmith
external_id = 123456

Command Completion
On Unix-like systems, the AWS CLI includes a command-completion feature that enables you to use the
TAB key to complete a partially typed command. This feature is not automatically installed so you need
to congure it manually.

Conguring command completion requires two pieces of information: the name of the shell you are
using and the location of the aws_completer script.

26
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Identify Your Shell

Completion on Amazon Linux

Command completion is congured by default on instances running Amazon Linux.

Sections
Identify Your Shell (p. 27)
Locate the AWS Completer (p. 27)
Enable Command Completion (p. 28)
Test Command Completion (p. 28)

Identify Your Shell

If you are not sure which shell you are using, identify it with one of the following commands:

echo $SHELL show the shell's installation directory. This will usually match the in-use shell, unless you
launched a dierent shell after logging in.

$ echo $SHELL
/bin/bash

ps show the processes running for the current user. The shell will be one of them.

$ ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
2148 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
8756 pts/1 00:00:00 ps

Locate the AWS Completer

The location can vary depending on the installation method used.

Package Manager programs such as pip, yum, brew and apt-get typically install the AWS completer (or
a symlink to it) to a standard path location. In this case, which will locate the completer for you.

$ which aws_completer
/usr/local/bin/aws_completer

Bundled Installer if you used the bundled installer per the instructions in the previous section, the
AWS completer will be located in the bin subfolder of the installation directory.

$ ls /usr/local/aws/bin
activate
activate.csh
activate.fish
activate_this.py
aws
aws.cmd
aws_completer
...

If all else fails, you can use find to search your entire le system for the AWS completer.

$ find / -name aws_completer

/usr/local/aws/bin/aws_completer

27
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Enable Command Completion

Enable Command Completion

The command that you use to enable completion depends on the shell that you are using.

bash use the built-in command complete.

$ complete -C '/usr/local/bin/aws_completer' aws

Note
/usr/local/bin is the default installation directory when you install the AWS CLI with pip. See
Locate the AWS Completer (p. 27) if you are not sure where the AWS CLI was installed.

tcsh complete for tcsh takes a word type and pattern to dene the completion behavior.

> complete aws 'p/*/`aws_completer`/'

zsh source bin/aws_zsh_completer.sh.

% source /usr/local/bin/aws_zsh_completer.sh

The AWS CLI uses bash compatibility auto completion (bashcompinit) for zsh support. For further details,
refer to the top of aws_zsh_completer.sh.
Note
If you installed the AWS CLI using the bundled installer, add the install location to your PATH
variable to allow command completion to nd it.

$ export PATH=/usr/local/aws/bin:$PATH

Test Command Completion

After enabling command completion, type in a partial command and press tab to see the available
commands.

$ aws sTAB
s3 ses sqs sts swf
s3api sns storagegateway support

Finally, to ensure that completion continues to work after a reboot, add the conguration command that
you used to enable command completion to your shell prole. If you added a directory to your PATH
variable, put the export statement in your prole as well.

The following example appends the prole for a bash user who installed the AWS CLI to /usr/local/aws
using the bundled installer:

$ cat >> ~/.bash_profile

complete -C '/usr/local/aws/bin/aws_completer' aws
export PATH=/usr/local/aws/bin:$PATH
CTRL+D

28
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Install the AWS CLI

Deploying a Development
Environment in Amazon EC2 Using
the AWS Command Line Interface

This tutorial details how to set up a development environment in Amazon EC2 using the AWS CLI. It
includes a short version of the installation and conguration instructions, and it can be run start to nish
on Windows, Linux, macOS, or Unix.

Topics
Install the AWS CLI (p. 29)
Congure the CLI and Launch an EC2 Instance (p. 30)

Install the AWS CLI

You can install the AWS CLI with an installer (Windows) or by using pip, a package manager for Python.

Windows
1. Download the MSI installer.

Download the AWS CLI MSI installer for Windows (64-bit)

Download the AWS CLI MSI installer for Windows (32-bit)
2. Run the downloaded MSI installer.
3. Follow the instructions that appear.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

These steps require that you have a working installation of Python 2 version 2.6.5+ or Python 3 version
3.3+. If you encounter any issues using the following steps, see the full installation instructions in the
AWS Command Line Interface User Guide.

29
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Congure the CLI and Launch an EC2 Instance

1. Download and run the installation script from the pip website:

$ curl "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py" -o "get-pip.py"

$ python get-pip.py --user

2. Install the AWS CLI Using pip:

$ pip install awscli --user

Congure the CLI and Launch an EC2 Instance

This section describes how to launch an EC2 instance running Ubuntu 14.04 from the command line
using the AWS CLI.

Step 1: Congure the AWS CLI

Run aws configure at the command line to set up your credentials and settings.

$ aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
Default region name [None]: us-west-2
Default output format [None]: json

The AWS CLI will prompt you for the following information:

AWS Access Key ID and AWS Secret Access Key These are your account credentials. If you don't have
keys, see How Do I Get Security Credentials? in the Amazon Web Services General Reference.
Default region name This is the name of the region you want to make calls against by default.
Note
Use us-west-2 for this tutorial (the AMI we will use is specic to this region). You can change
the default region later by running aws configure again.
Default output format This format can be either json, text, or table. If you don't specify an output
format, json will be used.

Step 2: Create a Security Group, Key Pair, and Role for

the EC2 Instance
Your next step is to set up prerequisites for launching an EC2 instance that can be accessed using SSH.
For more information about Amazon EC2 features, go to the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances

To create a security group, key pair, and role

1. First, create a new security group and add a rule that allows incoming trac over port 22 for SSH.
Note the security group ID for later use.

$ aws ec2 create-security-group --group-name devenv-sg --description "security group

for development environment in EC2"
{
"GroupId": "sg-b018ced5"
}

30
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Step 3: Launch and Connect to the Instance

$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-name devenv-sg --protocol tcp --port

22 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0

2. Replace the CIDR range in the above with the one that you will connect from for more security. You
can use the aws ec2 describe-security-groups command to admire your handiwork.
3. Next, create a key pair, which allows you to connect to the instance.

$ aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name devenv-key --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text >
devenv-key.pem

This command saves the contents of the key to a le called devenv-key.pem.

Windows
In the Windows Command Processor, enclose queries with double quotes instead of single
quotes.
4. On Linux, you will also need to change the le mode so that only you have access to the key le.

$ chmod 400 devenv-key.pem

Step 3: Launch and Connect to the Instance

Finally, you are ready to launch an instance and connect to it.

To launch and connect to the instance

1. Run the following command, replacing the security group ID output in the previous step.

$ aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-29ebb519 --security-group-ids sg-

b018ced5 --count 1 --instance-type t2.micro --key-name devenv-key --query
'Instances[0].InstanceId'
"i-ec3e1e2k"

The image ID ami-29ebb519 species the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that Amazon EC2 uses
to bootstrap the instance. You can nd image IDs for other regions and operating systems in the
Amazon EC2 Management Console Launch Instance Wizard.
Note
T2 instance types require a VPC. If you don't have a default VPC, you can specify a subnet in
a custom VPC with the --subnet-id option. If you don't have any VPCs, choose a dierent
instance type such as t1.micro.
2. The instance will take a few moments to launch. Once the instance is up and running, the following
command will retrieve the public IP address that you will use to connect to the instance.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids i-ec3e1e2k --query

'Reservations[0].Instances[0].PublicIpAddress'
"54.183.22.255"

3. To connect to the instance, use the public IP address and private key with your preferred terminal
program. On Linux, macOS, or Unix, you can do this from the command line with the following
command:

$ ssh -i devenv-key.pem [email protected]

If you get an error like Permission denied (publickey) when attempting to connect to your instance,
check that the following are correct:

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Step 3: Launch and Connect to the Instance

Key The key specied with the -i option must be at the path indicated and must be the private
key, not the public one. Permissions on the key must be restricted to the owner.
User name The user name must match the user associated with the key pair on the instance. For
Ubuntu instances, this is ubuntu. For Amazon Linux, it is ec2-user.
Instance The public IP address or DNS name of the instance. Verify that the address is public and
that port 22 is open to your local machine on the instance's security group.

You can also use the -v option to view additional information related to the error.
SSH on Windows
On Windows, you can use the PuTTY terminal application available here. Get putty.exe and
puttygen.exe from the downloads page.
Use puttygen.exe to convert your private key to a .ppk le required by PuTTY. Launch
putty.exe, enter the public IP address of the instance in the Host Name eld, and set the
connection type to SSH.
In the Category panel, navigate to Connection > SSH > Auth, and click Browse to select
your .ppk le, and then click Open to connect.
4. The terminal will prompt you to accept the server's public key. Type yes and click Enter to complete
the connection.

You've now congured a security group, created a key pair, launched an EC2 instance, and connected to it
without ever leaving the command line.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Getting Help

Using the AWS Command Line

Interface

This section introduces the common features and calling patterns used throughout the AWS Command
Line Interface.
Note
The AWS CLI makes API calls to services over HTTPS. Outbound connections on TCP port 443
must be enabled in order to perform calls.

Topics
Getting Help with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 33)
Command Structure in the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 37)
Specifying Parameter Values for the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 37)
Generate CLI Skeleton and CLI Input JSON Parameters (p. 43)
Controlling Command Output from the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 45)
Using Shorthand Syntax with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 52)
Using the AWS Command Line Interface's Pagination Options (p. 53)

Getting Help with the AWS Command Line

Interface
To get help when using the AWS CLI, you can simply add help to the end of a command. For example,
the following command lists help for the general AWS CLI options and the available top-level
commands.

$ aws help

The following command lists the available subcommands for Amazon EC2.

33
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Getting Help

$ aws ec2 help

The next example lists the detailed help for the EC2 DescribeInstances operation, including descriptions
of its input parameters, lters, and output. Check the examples section of the help if you are not sure
how to phrase a command.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances help

The help for each command is divided into six sections:

Name the name of the command.

NAME
describe-instances -

Description a description of the API operation that the command invokes, pulled from the API
documentation for the command's service.

DESCRIPTION
Describes one or more of your instances.

If you specify one or more instance IDs, Amazon EC2 returns information
for those instances. If you do not specify instance IDs, Amazon EC2
returns information for all relevant instances. If you specify an
instance ID that is not valid, an error is returned. If you specify an
instance that you do not own, it is not included in the returned
results.
...

Synopsis list of the command and its options. If an option is shown in square brackets, it is either
optional, has a default value, or has an alternative option that can be used instead.

SYNOPSIS
describe-instances
[--dry-run | --no-dry-run]
[--instance-ids <value>]
[--filters <value>]
[--cli-input-json <value>]
[--starting-token <value>]
[--page-size <value>]
[--max-items <value>]
[--generate-cli-skeleton]

describe-instances has a default behavior that describes all instances in the current account and
region. You can optionally specify a list of instance-ids to describe one or more instances. dry-run is an
optional boolean ag that doesn't take a value. To use a boolean ag, specify either shown value, in this
case --dry-run or --no-dry-run. Likewise, --generate-cli-skeleton does not take a value. If there are
conditions on an option's use, they should be described in the OPTIONS section, or shown in the examples.

Options description of each of the options shown in the synopsis.

OPTIONS
--dry-run | --no-dry-run (boolean)
Checks whether you have the required permissions for the action,
without actually making the request, and provides an error response.
If you have the required permissions, the error response is DryRun-
Operation . Otherwise, it is UnauthorizedOperation .

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Getting Help

--instance-ids (list)
One or more instance IDs.

Default: Describes all your instances.

...

Examples examples showing the usage of the command and its options. If no example is available for
a command or use case that you need, please request one using the feedback link on this page, or in the
AWS CLI command reference on the help page for the command.

EXAMPLES
To describe an Amazon EC2 instance

Command:

aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids i-5203422c

To describe all instances with the instance type m1.small

Command:

aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=instance-type,Values=m1.small"

To describe all instances with a Owner tag

Command:

aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=tag-key,Values=Owner"

...

Output descriptions of each of the elds and datatypes returned in the response from AWS.

For describe-instances, the output is a list of reservation objects, each of which contains several elds
and objects that contain information about the instance(s) associated with it. This information comes
from the API documentation for the reservation datatype used by Amazon EC2.

OUTPUT
Reservations -> (list)
One or more reservations.

(structure)
Describes a reservation.

ReservationId -> (string)

The ID of the reservation.

OwnerId -> (string)

The ID of the AWS account that owns the reservation.

RequesterId -> (string)

The ID of the requester that launched the instances on your
behalf (for example, AWS Management Console or Auto Scaling).

Groups -> (list)

One or more security groups.

(structure)
Describes a security group.

GroupName -> (string)

The name of the security group.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
AWS CLI Documentation

GroupId -> (string)

The ID of the security group.

Instances -> (list)

One or more instances.

(structure)
Describes an instance.

InstanceId -> (string)

The ID of the instance.

ImageId -> (string)

The ID of the AMI used to launch the instance.

State -> (structure)

The current state of the instance.

Code -> (integer)

The low byte represents the state. The high byte
is an opaque internal value and should be ignored.
...

When the output is rendered into JSON by the AWS CLI, it becomes an array of reservation objects, like
this:

{
"Reservations": [
{
"OwnerId": "012345678901",
"ReservationId": "r-4c58f8a0",
"Groups": [],
"RequesterId": "012345678901",
"Instances": [
{
"Monitoring": {
"State": "disabled"
},
"PublicDnsName": "ec2-52-74-16-12.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com",
"State": {
"Code": 16,
"Name": "running"
},
...

Each reservation object contains elds describing the reservation and an array of instance objects, each
with its own elds (e.g. PublicDnsName) and objects (e.g. State) that describe it.
Windows Users
Pipe the output of the help command to more to view the help le one page at a time. Press the
space bar or Page Down to view more of the document, and q to quit.

> aws ec2 describe-instances help | more

AWS CLI Documentation

The AWS Command Line Interface Reference provides the content of all AWS CLI commands' help les,
compiled and presented online for easy navigation and viewing on mobile, tablet, and desktop screens.

Help les sometimes contain links that cannot be viewed or followed from the command line view; these
are preserved in the online AWS CLI reference.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
API Documentation

API Documentation
All subcommands in the AWS CLI correspond to calls made against a service's public API. Each service
with a public API, in turn, has a set of API reference documentation that can be found from the service's
homepage on the AWS Documentation website.

The content of an API reference varies based on how the API is constructed and which protocol is used.
Typically, an API reference will contain detailed information on actions supported by the API, data sent
to and from the service, and possible error conditions.

API Documentation Sections

Actions Detailed information on parameters (including constraints on length or content) and errors
specic to an action. Actions correspond to subcommands in the AWS CLI.
Data Types May contain additional information about object data returned by a subcommand.
Common Parameters Detailed information about parameters that are used by all of a service's
actions.
Common Errors Detailed information about errors returned by all of a service's actions.

The name and availability of each section may vary depending on the service.
Service-Specic CLIs
Some services have a separate CLI from before a single AWS CLI was created that works with
all services. These service-specic CLIs have separate documentation that is linked from the
service's documentation page. Documentation for service-specic CLIs does not apply to the
AWS CLI.

Command Structure in the AWS Command Line

Interface
The AWS CLI uses a multipart structure on the command line. It starts with the base call to aws. The next
part species a top-level command, which often represents an AWS service supported in the AWS CLI.
Each AWS service has additional subcommands that specify the operation to perform. The general CLI
options, or the specic parameters for an operation, can be specied on the command line in any order.
If an exclusive parameter is specied multiple times, then only the last value applies.

$ aws <command> <subcommand> [options and parameters]

Parameters can take various types of input values, such as numbers, strings, lists, maps, and JSON
structures.

Specifying Parameter Values for the AWS

Command Line Interface
Many parameters are simple string or numeric values, such as the key pair name my-key-pair in the
following example:

$ aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name my-key-pair

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Common Parameter Types

Strings without any space characters may be quoted or unquoted. However, strings that include one
or more space characters must be quoted. Use a single quote (') in Linux, macOS, or Unix and Windows
PowerShell, or use a double quote (") in the Windows command prompt, as shown in the following
examples.

Windows PowerShell, Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name 'my key pair'

Windows Command Processor

> aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name "my key pair"

You can also use an equals sign instead of a space. This is typically only necessary if the value of the
parameter starts with a hyphen:

$ aws ec2 delete-key-pair --key-name=-mykey

Topics
Common Parameter Types (p. 38)
Using JSON for Parameters (p. 39)
Loading Parameters from a File (p. 41)

Common Parameter Types

This section describes some of the common parameter types and the format that the services expect
them to conform to. If you are having trouble with the formatting of a parameter for a specic
command, check the manual by typing help after the command name, for example:

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-price-history help

The help for each subcommand describes its function, options, output, and examples. The options
section includes the name and description of each option with the option's parameter type in
parentheses.

String String parameters can contain alphanumeric characters, symbols, and whitespace from the
ASCII character set. Strings that contain whitespace must be surrounded by quotes. Use of symbols and
whitespace other than the standard space character is not recommended and may cause issues when
using the AWS CLI.

Some string parameters can accept binary data from a le. See Binary Files (p. 42) for an example.

Timestamp Timestamps are formatted per the ISO 8601 standard. These are sometimes referred to as
"DateTime" or "Date" type parameters.

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-price-history --start-time 2014-10-13T19:00:00Z

Acceptable formats include:

YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sssTZD (UTC), e.g., 2014-10-01T20:30:00.000Z

YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sssTZD (with oset), e.g., 2014-10-01T12:30:00.000-08:00
YYYY-MM-DD, e.g., 2014-10-01
Unix time in seconds, e.g. 1412195400

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Using JSON for Parameters

List One or more strings separated by spaces.

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-price-history --instance-types m1.xlarge m1.medium

Boolean Binary ag that turns an option on or o. For example, ec2 describe-spot-price-history

has a boolean dry-run parameter that, when specied, validates the command against the service
without actually running a query.

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-price-history --dry-run

The output indicates whether the command was well formed or not. This command also includes a no-
dry-run version of the parameter that can be used to explicitly indicate that the command should be run
normally, although including it is not necessary as this is the default behavior.

Integer An unsigned whole number.

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-price-history --max-items 5

Blob Binary object. Blob parameters take a path to a local le that contains binary data. The path
should not contain any protocol identier such as http:// or file://.

The --body parameter for aws s3api put-object is a blob:

$ aws s3api put-object --bucket my-bucket --key testimage.png --body /tmp/image.png

Map A sequence of key value pairs specied in JSON or shorthand syntax (p. 52). The following
example reads an item from a DynamoDB table named my-table with a map parameter, --key. The
parameter species the primary key named id with a number value of 1 in a nested JSON structure.

$ aws dynamodb get-item --table-name my-table --key '{"id": {"N":"1"}}'

{
"Item": {
"name": {
"S": "John"
},
"id": {
"N": "1"
}
}
}

The next section covers JSON arguments in more detail.

Using JSON for Parameters

JSON is useful for specifying complex command line parameters. For example, the following command
will list all EC2 instances that have an instance type of m1.small or m1.medium that are also in the us-
west-2c Availability Zone.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=instance-type,Values=t2.micro,m1.medium"

"Name=availability-zone,Values=us-west-2c"

The following example species the equivalent list of lters in a JSON array. Square brackets are used to
create an array of JSON objects separated by commas. Each object is a comma separated list of key-value
pairs ("Name" and "Values" are both keys in this instance).

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Using JSON for Parameters

Note that value to the right of the "Values" key is itself an array. This is required, even if the array
contains only one value string.

[
{
"Name": "instance-type",
"Values": ["t2.micro", "m1.medium"]
},
{
"Name": "availability-zone",
"Values": ["us-west-2c"]
}
]

The outermost brackets, on the other hand, are only required if more than one lter is specied. A single
lter version of the above command, formatted in JSON, looks like this:

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --filters '{"Name": "instance-type", "Values": ["t2.micro",

"m1.medium"]}'

Some operations require data to be formatted as JSON. For example, to pass parameters to the --block-
device-mappings parameter in the ec2 run-instances command, you need to format the block device
information as JSON.

This example shows the JSON to specify a single 20 GiB Elastic Block Store device to be mapped at /dev/
sdb on the launching instance.

{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sdb",
"Ebs": {
"VolumeSize": 20,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"VolumeType": "standard"
}
}

To attach multiple devices, list the objects in an array like in the next example.

[
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sdb",
"Ebs": {
"VolumeSize": 20,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"VolumeType": "standard"
}
},
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sdc",
"Ebs": {
"VolumeSize": 10,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "standard"
}
}
]

You can either enter the JSON directly on the command line (see Quoting Strings (p. 41)), or save it to
a le that is referenced from the command line (see Loading Parameters from a File (p. 41)).

40
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Loading Parameters from a File

When passing in large blocks of data, you might nd it easier to save the JSON to a le and reference it
from the command line. JSON data in a le is easier to read, edit, and share with others. This technique is
described in the next section.

For more information about JSON, see Wikipedia - JSON and RFC4627 - The application/json Media Type
for JSON.

Quoting Strings
The way you enter JSON-formatted parameters on the command line diers depending upon your
operating system. Linux, macOS, or Unix and Windows PowerShell use the single quote (') to enclose the
JSON data structure, as in the following example:

$ aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-05355a6c --block-device-mappings '[{"DeviceName":"/

dev/sdb","Ebs":{"VolumeSize":20,"DeleteOnTermination":false,"VolumeType":"standard"}}]'

The Windows command prompt, on the other hand, uses the double quote (") to enclose the JSON data
structure. In addition, a backslash (\) escape character is required for each double quote (") within the
JSON data structure itself, as in the following example:

> aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-05355a6c --block-device-mappings "[{\"DeviceName

\":\"/dev/sdb\",\"Ebs\":{\"VolumeSize\":20,\"DeleteOnTermination\":false,\"VolumeType\":
\"standard\"}}]"

Windows PowerShell requires a single quote (') to enclose the JSON data structure, as well as a backslash
(\) to escape each double quote (") within the JSON structure, as in the following example:

> aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-05355a6c --block-device-mappings '[{\"DeviceName

\":\"/dev/sdb\",\"Ebs\":{\"VolumeSize\":20,\"DeleteOnTermination\":false,\"VolumeType\":
\"standard\"}}]'

If the value of a parameter is itself a JSON document, escape the quotes on the embedded JSON
document. For example, the attribute parameter for aws sqs create-queue can take a RedrivePolicy
key. The value of RedrivePolicy is a JSON document, which must be escaped:

$ aws sqs create-queue --queue-name my-queue --

attributes '{ "RedrivePolicy":"{\"deadLetterTargetArn\":\"arn:aws:sqs:us-
west-2:0123456789012:deadletter\", \"maxReceiveCount\":\"5\"}"}'

Loading Parameters from a File

To avoid the need to escape JSON strings at the command line, load the JSON from a le. Load
parameters from a local le by providing the path to the le using the file:// prex, as in the following
examples.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

// Read from a file in the current directory

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --filters file://filter.json

// Read from a file in /tmp

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --filters file:///tmp/filter.json

Windows

// Read from a file in C:\temp

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Loading Parameters from a File

> aws ec2 describe-instances --filters file://C:\temp\filter.json

The file:// prex option supports Unix-style expansions including '~/', './', and '../'. On Windows, the
'~/' expression expands to your user directory, stored in the %USERPROFILE% environment variable. For
example, on Windows 7 you would typically have a user directory under C:\Users\User Name\.

JSON documents that are provided as the value of a parameter key must still be escaped:

$ aws sqs create-queue --queue-name my-queue --attributes file://attributes.json

attributes.json

{
"RedrivePolicy":"{\"deadLetterTargetArn\":\"arn:aws:sqs:us-
west-2:0123456789012:deadletter\", \"maxReceiveCount\":\"5\"}"
}

Binary Files
For commands that take binary data as a parameter, specify that the data is binary content by using the
fileb:// prex. Commands that accept binary data include:

aws ec2 run-instances --user-data parameter.

aws s3api put-object --sse-customer-key parameter.
aws kms decrypt --ciphertext-blob parameter.

The following example generates a binary 256 bit AES key using a Linux command line tool and then
provides it to Amazon S3 to encrypt an uploaded le server-side:

$ dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=32 > sse.key

32+0 records in
32+0 records out
32 bytes (32 B) copied, 0.000164441 s, 195 kB/s
$ aws s3api put-object --bucket my-bucket --key test.txt --body test.txt --sse-customer-key
fileb://sse.key --sse-customer-algorithm AES256
{
"SSECustomerKeyMD5": "iVg8oWa8sy714+FjtesrJg==",
"SSECustomerAlgorithm": "AES256",
"ETag": "\"a6118e84b76cf98bf04bbe14b6045c6c\""
}

Remote Files
The AWS CLI also supports loading parameters from a le hosted on the Internet with an http:// or
https:// URL. The following example references a le in an Amazon S3 bucket. This allows you to access
parameter les from any computer, but requires the le to be stored in a publically accessible location.

$ aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-a13d6891 --block-device-mappings http://my-

bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/filename.json

In the preceding examples, the filename.json le contains the following JSON data.

[
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sdb",
"Ebs": {

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Generate CLI Skeleton

"VolumeSize": 20,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"VolumeType": "standard"
}
}
]

For another example referencing a le containing more complex JSON-formatted parameters, see Set an
IAM Policy for an IAM User (p. 72).

Generate CLI Skeleton and CLI Input JSON

Parameters
Most AWS CLI commands support --generate-cli-skeleton and --cli-input-json parameters that you
can use to store parameters in JSON and read them from a le instead of typing them at the command
line.

Generate CLI Skeleton outputs JSON that outlines all of the parameters that can be specied for the
operation.

To use --generate-cli-skeleton with aws ec2 run-instances

1. Execute the run-instances command with the --generate-cli-skeleton option to view the JSON
skeleton.

$ aws ec2 run-instances --generate-cli-skeleton

{
"DryRun": true,
"ImageId": "",
"MinCount": 0,
"MaxCount": 0,
"KeyName": "",
"SecurityGroups": [
""
],
"SecurityGroupIds": [
""
],
"UserData": "",
"InstanceType": "",
"Placement": {
"AvailabilityZone": "",
"GroupName": "",
"Tenancy": ""
},
"KernelId": "",
"RamdiskId": "",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"VirtualName": "",
"DeviceName": "",
"Ebs": {
"SnapshotId": "",
"VolumeSize": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeType": "",
"Iops": 0,
"Encrypted": true
},

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Generate CLI Skeleton

"NoDevice": ""
}
],
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": true
},
"SubnetId": "",
"DisableApiTermination": true,
"InstanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior": "",
"PrivateIpAddress": "",
"ClientToken": "",
"AdditionalInfo": "",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"NetworkInterfaceId": "",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"SubnetId": "",
"Description": "",
"PrivateIpAddress": "",
"Groups": [
""
],
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"PrivateIpAddresses": [
{
"PrivateIpAddress": "",
"Primary": true
}
],
"SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0,
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
}
],
"IamInstanceProfile": {
"Arn": "",
"Name": ""
},
"EbsOptimized": true
}

2. Direct the output to a le to save the skeleton locally:

$ aws ec2 run-instances --generate-cli-skeleton > ec2runinst.json

3. Open the skeleton in a text editor and remove any parameters that you will not use:

{
"DryRun": true,
"ImageId": "",
"KeyName": "",
"SecurityGroups": [
""
],
"InstanceType": "",
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": true
}
}

Leave the DryRun parameter set to true to use EC2's dry run feature, which lets you test your
conguration without creating resources.
4. Fill in the values for the instance type, key name, security group and AMI in your default region. In
this example, ami-dfc39aef is a 64-bit Amazon Linux image in the us-west-2 region.

44
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Controlling Command Output

{
"DryRun": true,
"ImageId": "ami-dfc39aef",
"KeyName": "mykey",
"SecurityGroups": [
"my-sg"
],
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": true
}
}

5. Pass the JSON conguration to the --cli-input-json parameter using the file:// prex:

$ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-json file://ec2runinst.json

A client error (DryRunOperation) occurred when calling the RunInstances operation:
Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set.

The dry run error indicates that the JSON is formed correctly and the parameter values are valid.
If any other issues are reported in the output, x them and repeat the above step until the dry run
error is shown.
6. Set the DryRun parameter to false to disable the dry run feature.

{
"DryRun": false,
"ImageId": "ami-dfc39aef",
"KeyName": "mykey",
"SecurityGroups": [
"my-sg"
],
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"Monitoring": {
"Enabled": true
}
}

7. Run the run-instances command again to launch an instance:

$ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-json file://ec2runinst.json

{
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"ReservationId": "r-d94a2b1",
"Groups": [],
"Instances": [
...

Controlling Command Output from the AWS

Command Line Interface
This section describes the dierent ways that you can control the output from the AWS CLI.

Topics
How to Select the Output Format (p. 46)
How to Filter the Output with the --query Option (p. 46)

45
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
How to Select the Output Format

JSON Output Format (p. 49)

Text Output Format (p. 49)
Table Output Format (p. 50)

How to Select the Output Format

The AWS CLI supports three dierent output formats:

JSON (json)
Tab-delimited text (text)
ASCII-formatted table (table)

As explained in the conguration (p. 17) topic, the output format can be specied in three dierent ways:

Using the output option in the conguration le. The following example sets the output to text:

[default]
output=text

Using the AWS_DEFAULT_OUTPUT environment variable. For example:

$ export AWS_DEFAULT_OUTPUT="table"

Using the --output option on the command line. For example:

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status REGISTERED --output text

Note
If the output format is specied in multiple ways, the usual AWS CLI precedence rules (p. 19)
apply. For example, using the AWS_DEFAULT_OUTPUT environment variable overrides any value
set in the cong le with output, and a value passed to an AWS CLI command with --output
overrides any value set in the environment or in the cong le.

JSON is best for handling the output programmatically via various languages or jq (a command-
line JSON processor). The table format is easy for humans to read, and text format works well with
traditional Unix text processing tools, such as sed, grep, and awk, as well as Windows PowerShell scripts.

How to Filter the Output with the --query Option

The AWS CLI provides built-in output ltering capabilities with the --query option. To demonstrate how
it works, we'll rst start with the default JSON output below, which describes two EBS (Elastic Block
Storage) volumes attached to separate EC2 instances.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes

{
"Volumes": [
{
"AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2a",
"Attachments": [
{
"AttachTime": "2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z",
"InstanceId": "i-a071c394",
"VolumeId": "vol-e11a5288",
"State": "attached",

46
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
How to Filter the Output with the --query Option

"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"Device": "/dev/sda1"
}
],
"VolumeType": "standard",
"VolumeId": "vol-e11a5288",
"State": "in-use",
"SnapshotId": "snap-f23ec1c8",
"CreateTime": "2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z",
"Size": 30
},
{
"AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2a",
"Attachments": [
{
"AttachTime": "2013-09-18T20:26:16.000Z",
"InstanceId": "i-4b41a37c",
"VolumeId": "vol-2e410a47",
"State": "attached",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"Device": "/dev/sda1"
}
],
"VolumeType": "standard",
"VolumeId": "vol-2e410a47",
"State": "in-use",
"SnapshotId": "snap-708e8348",
"CreateTime": "2013-09-18T20:26:15.000Z",
"Size": 8
}
]
}

First, we can display only the rst volume from the Volumes list with the following command.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[0]'

{
"AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2a",
"Attachments": [
{
"AttachTime": "2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z",
"InstanceId": "i-a071c394",
"VolumeId": "vol-e11a5288",
"State": "attached",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"Device": "/dev/sda1"
}
],
"VolumeType": "standard",
"VolumeId": "vol-e11a5288",
"State": "in-use",
"SnapshotId": "snap-f23ec1c8",
"CreateTime": "2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z",
"Size": 30
}

Now, we use the wildcard notation [*] to iterate over the entire list and also lter out three elements:
VolumeId, AvailabilityZone, and Size. Note that the dictionary notation requires that you provide
an alias for each key, like this: {Alias1:Key1,Alias2:Key2}. A dictionary is inherently unordered, so the
ordering of the key-aliases within a structure may not be consistent in some cases.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[*].{ID:VolumeId,AZ:AvailabilityZone,Size:Size}'

[

47
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
How to Filter the Output with the --query Option

{
"AZ": "us-west-2a",
"ID": "vol-e11a5288",
"Size": 30
},
{
"AZ": "us-west-2a",
"ID": "vol-2e410a47",
"Size": 8
}
]

In the dictionary notation, you can also use chained keys such as key1.key2[0].key3 to lter
elements deeply nested within the structure. The example below demonstrates this with the
Attachments[0].InstanceId key, aliased to simply InstanceId.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[*].

{ID:VolumeId,InstanceId:Attachments[0].InstanceId,AZ:AvailabilityZone,Size:Size}'
[
{
"InstanceId": "i-a071c394",
"AZ": "us-west-2a",
"ID": "vol-e11a5288",
"Size": 30
},
{
"InstanceId": "i-4b41a37c",
"AZ": "us-west-2a",
"ID": "vol-2e410a47",
"Size": 8
}
]

You can also lter multiple elements with the list notation: [key1, key2]. This will format all ltered
attributes into a single ordered list per object, regardless of type.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[*].[VolumeId, Attachments[0].InstanceId,

AvailabilityZone, Size]'
[
[
"vol-e11a5288",
"i-a071c394",
"us-west-2a",
30
],
[
"vol-2e410a47",
"i-4b41a37c",
"us-west-2a",
8
]
]

To lter results by the value of a specic eld, use the JMESPath "?" operator. The following example
query outputs only volumes in the us-west-2a availability zone:

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[?AvailabilityZone==`us-west-2a`]'

Note
When specifying a literal value such as "us-west-2" above in a JMESPath query expression, you
must surround the value in backticks (`) in order for it to be read properly.

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
JSON Output Format

Combined with the three output formats that will be explained in more detail in the following sections,
the --query option is a powerful tool you can use to customize the content and style of outputs. For
more examples and the full spec of JMESPath, the underlying JSON-processing library, visit http://
jmespath.org/specication.html.

JSON Output Format

JSON is the default output format of the AWS CLI. Most languages can easily decode JSON strings using
built-in functions or with publicly available libraries. As shown in the previous topic along with output
examples, the --query option provides powerful ways to lter and format the AWS CLI's JSON formatted
output. If you need more advanced features that may not be possible with --query, you can check
out jq, a command line JSON processor. You can download it and nd the ocial tutorial at: http://
stedolan.github.io/jq/.

Text Output Format

The text format organizes the AWS CLI's output into tab-delimited lines. It works well with traditional
Unix text tools such as grep, sed, and awk, as well as Windows PowerShell.

The text output format follows the basic structure shown below. The columns are sorted alphabetically
by the corresponding key names of the underlying JSON object.

IDENTIFIER sorted-column1 sorted-column2

IDENTIFIER2 sorted-column1 sorted-column2

The following is an example of a text output.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --output text

VOLUMES us-west-2a 2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z 30 snap-f23ec1c8 in-use
vol-e11a5288 standard
ATTACHMENTS 2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z True /dev/sda1 i-a071c394
attached vol-e11a5288
VOLUMES us-west-2a 2013-09-18T20:26:15.000Z 8 snap-708e8348 in-use
vol-2e410a47 standard
ATTACHMENTS 2013-09-18T20:26:16.000Z True /dev/sda1 i-4b41a37c
attached vol-2e410a47

We strongly recommend that the text output be used along with the --query option to ensure consistent
behavior. This is because the text format alphabetically orders output columns, and similar resources may
not always have the same collection of keys. For example, a JSON representation of a Linux EC2 instance
may have elements that are not present in the JSON representation of a Windows instance, or vice versa.
Also, resources may have key-value elements added or removed in future updates, altering the column
ordering. This is where --query augments the functionality of the text output to enable complete control
over the output format. In the example below, the command pre-selects which elements to display
and denes the ordering of the columns with the list notation [key1, key2, ...]. This gives users full
condence that the correct key values will always be displayed in the expected column. Finally, notice
how the AWS CLI outputs 'None' as values for keys that don't exist.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[*].[VolumeId, Attachments[0].InstanceId,

AvailabilityZone, Size, FakeKey]' --output text
vol-e11a5288 i-a071c394 us-west-2a 30 None
vol-2e410a47 i-4b41a37c us-west-2a 8 None

Below is an example of how grep and awk can be used along with a text output from aws ec2 describe-
instances command. The rst command displays the Availability Zone, state, and instance ID of each

49
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Table Output Format

instance in text output. The second command outputs only the instance IDs of all running instances in
the us-west-2a Availability Zone.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].

[Placement.AvailabilityZone, State.Name, InstanceId]' --output text
us-west-2a running i-4b41a37c
us-west-2a stopped i-a071c394
us-west-2b stopped i-97a217a0
us-west-2a running i-3045b007
us-west-2a running i-6fc67758

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].

[Placement.AvailabilityZone, State.Name, InstanceId]' --output text | grep us-west-2a |
grep running | awk '{print $3}'
i-4b41a37c
i-3045b007
i-6fc67758

The next command shows a similar example for all stopped instances and takes it one step further to
automate changing instance types for each stopped instance.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].[State.Name,

InstanceId]' --output text |
> grep stopped |
> awk '{print $2}' |
> while read line;
> do aws ec2 modify-instance-attribute --instance-id $line --instance-type '{"Value":
"m1.medium"}';
> done

The text output is useful in Windows PowerShell as well. Because AWS CLI's text output is tab-delimited,
it is easily split into an array in PowerShell using the `t delimiter. The following command displays the
value of the third column (InstanceId) if the rst column (AvailabilityZone) matches us-west-2a.

> aws ec2 describe-instances --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].

[Placement.AvailabilityZone, State.Name, InstanceId]' --output text |
%{if ($_.split("`t")[0] -match "us-west-2a") { $_.split("`t")[2]; } }
i-4b41a37c
i-a071c394
i-3045b007
i-6fc67758

Table Output Format

The table format produces human-readable representations of AWS CLI output. Here is an example:

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --output table

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| DescribeVolumes
|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
|| Volumes
||
|+------------------+---------------------------+-------+----------------+---------
+----------------+--------------+|
|| AvailabilityZone | CreateTime | Size | SnapshotId | State |
VolumeId | VolumeType ||
|+------------------+---------------------------+-------+----------------+---------
+----------------+--------------+|

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Table Output Format

|| us-west-2a | 2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z | 30 | snap-f23ec1c8 | in-use | vol-

e11a5288 | standard ||
|+------------------+---------------------------+-------+----------------+---------
+----------------+--------------+|
||| Attachments
|||
||+---------------------------+------------------------+-------------+--------------
+------------+----------------+||
||| AttachTime | DeleteOnTermination | Device | InstanceId |
State | VolumeId |||
||+---------------------------+------------------------+-------------+--------------
+------------+----------------+||
||| 2013-09-17T00:55:03.000Z | True | /dev/sda1 | i-a071c394 |
attached | vol-e11a5288 |||
||+---------------------------+------------------------+-------------+--------------
+------------+----------------+||
|| Volumes
||
|+------------------+---------------------------+-------+----------------+---------
+----------------+--------------+|
|| AvailabilityZone | CreateTime | Size | SnapshotId | State |
VolumeId | VolumeType ||
|+------------------+---------------------------+-------+----------------+---------
+----------------+--------------+|
|| us-west-2a | 2013-09-18T20:26:15.000Z | 8 | snap-708e8348 | in-use |
vol-2e410a47 | standard ||
|+------------------+---------------------------+-------+----------------+---------
+----------------+--------------+|
||| Attachments
|||
||+---------------------------+------------------------+-------------+--------------
+------------+----------------+||
||| AttachTime | DeleteOnTermination | Device | InstanceId |
State | VolumeId |||
||+---------------------------+------------------------+-------------+--------------
+------------+----------------+||
||| 2013-09-18T20:26:16.000Z | True | /dev/sda1 | i-4b41a37c |
attached | vol-2e410a47 |||
||+---------------------------+------------------------+-------------+--------------
+------------+----------------+||

The --query option can be used with the table format to display a set of elements pre-selected from the
raw output. Note the output dierences in dictionary and list notations: column names are alphabetically
ordered in the rst example, and unnamed columns are ordered as dened by the user in the second
example.

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[*].

{ID:VolumeId,InstanceId:Attachments[0].InstanceId,AZ:AvailabilityZone,Size:Size}' --output
table
------------------------------------------------------
| DescribeVolumes |
+------------+----------------+--------------+-------+
| AZ | ID | InstanceId | Size |
+------------+----------------+--------------+-------+
| us-west-2a| vol-e11a5288 | i-a071c394 | 30 |
| us-west-2a| vol-2e410a47 | i-4b41a37c | 8 |
+------------+----------------+--------------+-------+

$ aws ec2 describe-volumes --query 'Volumes[*].

[VolumeId,Attachments[0].InstanceId,AvailabilityZone,Size]' --output table
----------------------------------------------------
| DescribeVolumes |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+-----+
| vol-e11a5288| i-a071c394 | us-west-2a | 30 |

51
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Shorthand Syntax

| vol-2e410a47| i-4b41a37c | us-west-2a | 8 |

+--------------+--------------+--------------+-----+

Using Shorthand Syntax with the AWS Command

Line Interface
While the AWS Command Line Interface can take nonscalar option parameters in JSON format, it can be
tedious to type large JSON lists or structures on the command line. To address this issue, the AWS CLI
supports a shorthand syntax that allows simpler representation of your option parameters than using
the full JSON format.

Structure Parameters
The shorthand syntax in the AWS CLI makes it easier for users to input parameters that are at (non-
nested structures). The format is a comma separate list of key value pairs:

Linux, macOS, or Unix

--option key1=value1,key2=value2,key3=value3

Windows PowerShell

--option "key1=value1,key2=value2,key3=value3"

This is equivalent to the following example formatted in JSON:

--option '{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2","key3":"value3"}'

There must be no whitespace between each comma-separated key/value pair. Here is an example of the
DynamoDB update-table command with the --provisioned-throughput option specied in shorthand.

$ aws dynamodb update-table --provisioned-

throughput ReadCapacityUnits=15,WriteCapacityUnits=10 --table-name MyDDBTable

This is equivalent to the following example formatted in JSON:

$ aws dynamodb update-table --provisioned-

throughput '{"ReadCapacityUnits":15,"WriteCapacityUnits":10}' --table-name MyDDBTable

List Parameters
Input parameters in a list form can be specied in two ways: JSON and shorthand. The AWS CLI's
shorthand syntax is designed to make it easier to pass in lists with number, string, or non-nested
structures. The basic format is shown here, where values in the list are separated by a single space.

--option value1 value2 value3

This is equivalent to the following example formatted in JSON.

52
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Pagination

--option '[value1,value2,value3]'

As previously mentioned, you can specify a list of numbers, a list of strings, or a list of non-nested
structures in shorthand. The following is an example of the stop-instances command for Amazon EC2,
where the input parameter (list of strings) for the --instance-ids option is specied in shorthand.

$ aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids i-1486157a i-1286157c i-ec3a7e87

This is equivalent to the following example formatted in JSON.

$ aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids '["i-1486157a","i-1286157c","i-ec3a7e87"]'

Next is an example of the Amazon EC2 create-tags command, which takes a list of non-nested
structures for the --tags option. The --resources option species the ID of the instance to be tagged.

$ aws ec2 create-tags --resources i-1286157c --tags Key=My1stTag,Value=Value1

Key=My2ndTag,Value=Value2 Key=My3rdTag,Value=Value3

This is equivalent to the following example formatted in JSON. The JSON parameter is written in
multiple lines for readability.

$ aws ec2 create-tags --resources i-1286157c --tags '[

{"Key": "My1stTag", "Value": "Value1"},
{"Key": "My2ndTag", "Value": "Value2"},
{"Key": "My3rdTag", "Value": "Value3"}
]'

Using the AWS Command Line Interface's

Pagination Options
For commands that can return a large list of items, the AWS CLI adds three options that you can use to
modify the pagination behavior of the CLI when it calls a service's API to populate the list.

By default, the CLI uses a page size of 1000 and retrieves all available items. For example, if you run
aws s3api list-objects on an Amazon S3 bucket containing 3500 objects, the CLI makes four calls to
Amazon S3, handling the service specic pagination logic in the background.

If you see issues when running list commands on a large number of resources, the default page size may
be too high, causing calls to AWS services to time out. You can use the --page-size option to specify
a smaller page size to solve this issue. The CLI will still retrieve the full list, but will perform a larger
number of calls in the background, retrieving a smaller number of items with each call:

$ aws s3api list-objects --bucket my-bucket --page-size 100

{
"Contents": [
...

To retrieve fewer items, use the --max-items option. The CLI will handle pagination in the same way, but
will only print out the number of items that you specify:

$ aws s3api list-objects --bucket my-bucket --max-items 100

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Pagination

{
"NextToken": "None___100",
"Contents": [
...

If the number of items output (--max-items) is fewer than the total number of items, the output includes
a NextToken that you can pass in a subsequent command to retrieve the next set of items:

$ aws s3api list-objects --bucket my-bucket --max-items 100 --starting-token None___100

{
"NextToken": "None___200",
"Contents": [
...

The starting token is a CLI-specic construct that indicates the page token (if any) and the location of the
rst item on that page after the output. For example, when you specify a starting token of None___100
in the above example, the CLI retrieves the rst page of 1000 items and prints out the next set of items
starting with item 100.

After the rst page of items is exhausted, the None is replaced by the service-specic pagination token
that species the current page. You can see this in action by specifying a page-size that is smaller than
the number of items that you retrieve:

$ aws s3api list-objects --bucket my-bucket --max-items 10 --page-size 7

{
"NextToken": "index.html___3",
...

The value of the token varies per service. For Amazon S3 it is the name of the item that starts the page.
For other services, like IAM, it may be a randomly generated token:

$ aws iam list-policies --max-items 10 --page-size 7

{
"NextToken": "AAUqjsdZThJvLdmcMmNUSCGIWM7KRyNFOnLEVqo8q76tU0OW7fXuRKxGSeL1sFPG91dCQqi/
FLH+5/Q/eqsY+brttD9FMTWhHH6giSrbKqVm1g==___3",
"Policies": [
...

If the pagination token is not the name of an object, it's possible that the service doesn't return listings
in any guaranteed order. If you specify a next token in the middle of a page, you may see dierent results
that you expect. To prevent this, use the same number for --page-size and --max-items, or retrieve the
whole list and perform any necessary parsing operations locally.

54
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DynamoDB

Working with Amazon Web Services

This section provides examples of using the AWS Command Line Interface to access AWS services. These
examples are intended to demonstrate how to use the AWS CLI to perform administrative tasks.

For a complete reference to all of the available commands for each service, see the AWS Command Line
Interface Reference or use the built-in command line help. For more information, see Getting Help with
the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 33).

Topics
Using Amazon DynamoDB with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 55)
Using Amazon EC2 through the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 57)
Using Amazon Glacier with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 68)
AWS Identity and Access Management from the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 71)
Using Amazon S3 with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 74)
Using the AWS Command Line Interface with Amazon SNS (p. 80)
Using Amazon Simple Workow Service with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 82)

Using Amazon DynamoDB with the AWS

Command Line Interface
The AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) provides support for Amazon DynamoDB. You can use
the AWS CLI for ad hoc operations, such as creating a table. You can also use it to embed DynamoDB
operations within utility scripts.

The command line format consists of an Amazon DynamoDB API name, followed by the parameters for
that API. The AWS CLI supports a shorthand syntax for the parameter values, as well as JSON.

For example, the following command will create a table named MusicCollection.
Note
For readability, long commands in this section are broken into separate lines. The backslash
character lets you copy and paste (or type) multiple lines into a Linux terminal. If you are using
a shell that does not use backslash to escape characters, replace the backslash with another
escape character, or remove the backslashes and put the entire command on a single line.

$ aws dynamodb create-table \

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
DynamoDB

--table-name MusicCollection \
--attribute-definitions \
AttributeName=Artist,AttributeType=S AttributeName=SongTitle,AttributeType=S \
--key-schema AttributeName=Artist,KeyType=HASH AttributeName=SongTitle,KeyType=RANGE \
--provisioned-throughput ReadCapacityUnits=1,WriteCapacityUnits=1

The following commands will add new items to the table. These example use a combination of
shorthand syntax and JSON.

$ aws dynamodb put-item \

--table-name MusicCollection \
--item '{
"Artist": {"S": "No One You Know"},
"SongTitle": {"S": "Call Me Today"} ,
"AlbumTitle": {"S": "Somewhat Famous"} }' \
--return-consumed-capacity TOTAL
{
"ConsumedCapacity": {
"CapacityUnits": 1.0,
"TableName": "MusicCollection"
}
}
$ aws dynamodb put-item \
--table-name MusicCollection \
--item '{
"Artist": {"S": "Acme Band"},
"SongTitle": {"S": "Happy Day"} ,
"AlbumTitle": {"S": "Songs About Life"} }' \
--return-consumed-capacity TOTAL
{
"ConsumedCapacity": {
"CapacityUnits": 1.0,
"TableName": "MusicCollection"
}
}

On the command line, it can be dicult to compose valid JSON; however, the AWS CLI can read JSON
les. For example, consider the following JSON snippet, which is stored in a le named expression-
attributes.json:

Example expression-attributes.json

{
":v1": {"S": "No One You Know"},
":v2": {"S": "Call Me Today"}
}

You can now issue a Query request using the AWS CLI. In this example, the contents of the expression-
attributes.json le are used for the --expression-attribute-values parameter:

$ aws dynamodb query --table-name MusicCollection \

--key-condition-expression "Artist = :v1 AND SongTitle = :v2" \
--expression-attribute-values file://expression-attributes.json
{
"Count": 1,
"Items": [
{
"AlbumTitle": {
"S": "Somewhat Famous"
},
"SongTitle": {

56
 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
Amazon EC2

"S": "Call Me Today"

},
"Artist": {
"S": "No One You Know"
}
}
],
"ScannedCount": 1,
"ConsumedCapacity": null
}

For more documentation on using the AWS CLI with DynamoDB, go to http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/
latest/reference/dynamodb/index.html.

In addition to DynamoDB, you can use the AWS CLI with DynamoDB Local. DynamoDB Local is a small
client-side database and server that mimics the DynamoDB service. DynamoDB Local enables you to
write applications that use the DynamoDB API, without actually manipulating any tables or data in
DynamoDB. Instead, all of the API actions are rerouted to DynamoDB Local. When your application
creates a table or modies data, those changes are written to a local database. This lets you save on
provisioned throughput, data storage, and data transfer fees.

For more information about DynamoDB Local and how to use it with the AWS CLI, see the following
sections of the Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide:

DynamoDB Local
Using the AWS CLI with DynamoDB Local

Using Amazon EC2 through the AWS Command

Line Interface
You can access the features of Amazon EC2 using the AWS CLI. To list the AWS CLI commands for
Amazon EC2, use the following command.

$ aws ec2 help

Before you run any commands, set your default credentials. For more information, see Conguring the
AWS CLI (p. 17).

For examples of common tasks for Amazon EC2, see the following topics.

Topics
Using Key Pairs (p. 57)
Using Security Groups (p. 59)
Using Amazon EC2 Instances (p. 62)

Using Key Pairs

You can use the AWS CLI to create, display, and delete your key pairs. You must specify a key pair when
you launch and connect to an Amazon EC2 instance.
Note
Before you try the example commands, set your default credentials.

Topics

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Using Key Pairs

Creating a Key Pair (p. 58)

Displaying Your Key Pair (p. 58)
Deleting Your Key Pair (p. 59)

Creating a Key Pair

To create a key pair named MyKeyPair, use the create-key-pair command, and use the --query option
and the --output text option to pipe your private key directly into a le.

$ aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name MyKeyPair --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text >
MyKeyPair.pem

Note that for Windows PowerShell, the > file redirection defaults to UTF-8 encoding, which cannot be
used with some SSH clients. So, you must explicitly specify ASCII encoding in the out-file command.

> aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name MyKeyPair --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text | out-
file -encoding ascii -filepath MyKeyPair.pem

The resulting MyKeyPair.pem le looks like this:

-----BEGINRSAPRIVATEKEY-----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=
-----ENDRSAPRIVATEKEY-----

Your private key is not stored in AWS and can only be retrieved when it is created.

If you're using an SSH client on a Linux computer to connect to your instance, use the following
command to set the permissions of your private key le so that only you can read it.

$ chmod 400 MyKeyPair.pem

Displaying Your Key Pair

A ngerprint is generated from your key pair, and you can use it to verify that the private key that you
have on your local machine matches the public key that's stored in AWS. The ngerprint is an SHA1 hash
taken from a DER encoded copy of the private key. This value is stored in AWS and can be viewed in the

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EC2 management console or by calling aws ec2 describe-key-pairs. For example, you can view the
ngerprint for MyKeyPair by using the following command:

$ aws ec2 describe-key-pairs --key-name MyKeyPair

{
"KeyPairs": [
{
"KeyName": "MyKeyPair",
"KeyFingerprint": "1f:51:ae:28:bf:89:e9:d8:1f:25:5d:37:2d:7d:b8:ca:9f:f5:f1:6f"
}
]
}

For more information on keys and ngerprints, see the Amazon EC2 Key Pairs page in the Amazon EC2
User Guide.

Deleting Your Key Pair

To delete MyKeyPair, use the delete-key-pair command as follows:

$ aws ec2 delete-key-pair --key-name MyKeyPair

Using Security Groups

You create a security group for use in either EC2-Classic or EC2-VPC. For more information about EC2-
Classic and EC2-VPC, see Supported Platforms in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.

You can use the AWS CLI to create, add rules to, and delete your security groups.
Note
Before you try the example commands, set your default credentials.

Topics
Creating a Security Group (p. 59)
Adding Rules to Your Security Group (p. 60)
Deleting Your Security Group (p. 62)

Creating a Security Group

To create a security group named my-sg, use the create-security-group command.

EC2-Classic
The following command creates a security group for EC2-Classic:

$ aws ec2 create-security-group --group-name my-sg --description "My security group"

{
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}

To view the initial information for my-sg, use the describe-security-groups command as follows:

$ aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-names my-sg

{
"SecurityGroups": [
{

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"IpPermissionsEgress": [],
"Description": "My security group"
"IpPermissions": [],
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
]
}

EC2-VPC
The following command creates a security group named my-sg for the specied VPC:

$ aws ec2 create-security-group --group-name my-sg --description "My security group" --vpc-
id vpc-1a2b3c4d
{
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}

To view the initial information for my-sg, use the describe-security-groups command as follows. Note
that you can't reference a security group for EC2-VPC by name.

$ aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-ids sg-903004f8

{
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"IpPermissionsEgress": [
{
"IpProtocol": "-1",
"IpRanges": [
{
"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
],
"UserIdGroupPairs": []
}
],
"Description": "My security group"
"IpPermissions": [],
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"VpcId": "vpc-1a2b3c4d",
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
]
}

Adding Rules to Your Security Group

If you're launching a Windows instance, you must add a rule to allow inbound trac on TCP port 3389
(RDP). If you're launching a Linux instance, you must add a rule to allow inbound trac on TCP port 22
(SSH). Use the authorize-security-group-ingress command to add a rule to your security group. One of
the required parameters of this command is the public IP address of your computer, in CIDR notation.
Note
You can get the public IP address of your local computer using a service. For example, we
provide the following service: http://checkip.amazonaws.com/. To locate another service that
provides your IP address, use the search phrase "what is my IP address". If you are connecting
through an ISP or from behind your rewall without a static IP address, you need to nd out the
range of IP addresses used by client computers.

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EC2-Classic
The following command adds a rule for RDP to the security group my-sg:

$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-name my-sg --protocol tcp --port 3389 --

cidr 203.0.113.0/24

The following command adds a rule for SSH to the security group for my-sg:

$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-name my-sg --protocol tcp --port 22 --

cidr 203.0.113.0/24

To view the changes to my-sg, use the describe-security-groups command as follows:

$ aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-names my-sg

{
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"IpPermissionsEgress": [],
"Description": "My security group"
"IpPermissions": [
{
"ToPort": 22,
"IpProtocol": "tcp",
"IpRanges": [
{
"CidrIp": "203.0.113.0/24"
}
]
"UserIdGroupPairs": [],
"FromPort": 22
}
],
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
]
}

EC2-VPC
The following command adds a rule for RDP to the security group with the ID sg-903004f8:

$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id sg-903004f8 --protocol tcp --port

3389 --cidr 203.0.113.0/24

The following command adds a rule for SSH to the security group with the ID sg-903004f8:

$ aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id sg-903004f8 --protocol tcp --port 22

--cidr 203.0.113.0/24

To view the changes to my-sg, use the describe-security-groups command as follows:

$ aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-ids sg-903004f8

{
"SecurityGroups": [
{

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"IpPermissionsEgress": [
{
"IpProtocol": "-1",
"IpRanges": [
{
"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"
}
],
"UserIdGroupPairs": []
}
],
"Description": "My security group"
"IpPermissions": [
{
"ToPort": 22,
"IpProtocol": "tcp",
"IpRanges": [
{
"CidrIp": "203.0.113.0/24"
}
]
"UserIdGroupPairs": [],
"FromPort": 22
}
],
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
]
}

Deleting Your Security Group

To delete a security group, use the delete-security-group command. Note that you can't delete a security
group if it is attached to an environment.

EC2-Classic
The following command deletes the security group named my-sg:

$ aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-name my-sg

EC2-VPC
The following command deletes the security group with the ID sg-903004f8:

$ aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id sg-903004f8

Using Amazon EC2 Instances

You can use the AWS CLI to launch, list, and terminate instances. You'll need a key pair and a security
group; for information about creating these through the AWS CLI, see Using Key Pairs (p. 57) and
Using Security Groups (p. 59). You'll also need to select an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) and note
its AMI ID. For more information, see Finding a Suitable AMI in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux
Instances.

If you launch an instance that is not within the Free Usage Tier, you are billed after you launch the
instance and charged for the time that the instance is running, even if it remains idle.

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Using Instances

Note
Before you try the example command, set your default credentials.

Topics
Launching an Instance (p. 63)
Adding a Block Device Mapping to Your Instance (p. 66)
Adding a Name Tag to Your Instance (p. 66)
Connecting to Your Instance (p. 67)
Listing Your Instances (p. 67)
Terminating Your Instance (p. 67)

Launching an Instance
To launch a single Amazon EC2 instance using the AMI you selected, use the run-instances command.
Depending on the platforms that your account supports, you can launch the instance into EC2-Classic or
EC2-VPC.

Initially, your instance is in the pending state, but will be in the running state in a few minutes.

EC2-Classic
The following command launches a t1.micro instance in EC2-Classic:

$ aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-xxxxxxxx --count 1 --instance-type t1.micro --key-

name MyKeyPair --security-groups my-sg
{
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"ReservationId": "r-5875ca20",
"Groups": [
{
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
],
"Instances": [
{
"Monitoring": {
"State": "disabled"
},
"PublicDnsName": null,
"Platform": "windows",
"State": {
"Code": 0,
"Name": "pending"
},
"EbsOptimized": false,
"LaunchTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z",
"ProductCodes": [],
"InstanceId": "i-5203422c",
"ImageId": "ami-173d747e",
"PrivateDnsName": null,
"KeyName": "MyKeyPair",
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
],
"ClientToken": null,

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"InstanceType": "t1.micro",
"NetworkInterfaces": [],
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"GroupName": null,
"AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2b"
},
"Hypervisor": "xen",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"Ebs": {
"Status": "attached",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeId": "vol-877166c8",
"AttachTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z"
}
}
],
"Architecture": "x86_64",
"StateReason": {
"Message": "pending",
"Code": "pending"
},
"RootDeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualizationType": "hvm",
"RootDeviceType": "ebs",
"Tags": [
{
"Value": "MyInstance",
"Key": "Name"
}
],
"AmiLaunchIndex": 0
}
]
}

EC2-VPC
The following command launches a t1.micro instance in the specied subnet:

$ aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-xxxxxxxx --count 1 --instance-type t1.micro --key-

name MyKeyPair --security-group-ids sg-xxxxxxxx --subnet-id subnet-xxxxxxxx
{
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"ReservationId": "r-5875ca20",
"Groups": [
{
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
],
"Instances": [
{
"Monitoring": {
"State": "disabled"
},
"PublicDnsName": null,
"Platform": "windows",
"State": {
"Code": 0,
"Name": "pending"
},

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"EbsOptimized": false,
"LaunchTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z",
"PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.114",
"ProductCodes": [],
"VpcId": "vpc-1a2b3c4d",
"InstanceId": "i-5203422c",
"ImageId": "ami-173d747e",
"PrivateDnsName": ip-10-0-1-114.ec2.internal,
"KeyName": "MyKeyPair",
"SecurityGroups": [
{
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
],
"ClientToken": null,
"SubnetId": "subnet-6e7f829e",
"InstanceType": "t1.micro",
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"Status": "in-use",
"SourceDestCheck": true,
"VpcId": "vpc-1a2b3c4d",
"Description": "Primary network interface",
"NetworkInterfaceId": "eni-a7edb1c9",
"PrivateIpAddresses": [
{
"PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-1-114.ec2.internal",
"Primary": true,
"PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.114"
}
],
"PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-1-114.ec2.internal",
"Attachment": {
"Status": "attached",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"AttachmentId": "eni-attach-52193138",
"AttachTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z"
},
"Groups": [
{
"GroupName": "my-sg",
"GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
}
],
"SubnetId": "subnet-6e7f829e",
"OwnerId": "123456789012",
"PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.114"
}
],
"SourceDestCheck": true,
"Placement": {
"Tenancy": "default",
"GroupName": null,
"AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2b"
},
"Hypervisor": "xen",
"BlockDeviceMappings": [
{
"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"Ebs": {
"Status": "attached",
"DeleteOnTermination": true,
"VolumeId": "vol-877166c8",
"AttachTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z"

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}
}
],
"Architecture": "x86_64",
"StateReason": {
"Message": "pending",
"Code": "pending"
},
"RootDeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
"VirtualizationType": "hvm",
"RootDeviceType": "ebs",
"Tags": [
{
"Value": "MyInstance",
"Key": "Name"
}
],
"AmiLaunchIndex": 0
}
]
}

Adding a Block Device Mapping to Your Instance

Each instance that you launch has an associated root device volume. You can use block device mapping
to specify additional EBS volumes or instance store volumes to attach to an instance when it's launched.

To add a block device mapping to your instance, specify the --block-device-mappings option when you
use run-instances.

The following example adds a standard Amazon EBS volume, mapped to /dev/sdf, that's 20 GB in size.

--block-device-mappings "[{\"DeviceName\":\"/dev/sdf\",\"Ebs\":{\"VolumeSize\":20,
\"DeleteOnTermination\":false}}]"

The following example adds an Amazon EBS volume, mapped to /dev/sdf, based on a snapshot. When
you specify a snapshot, it isn't necessary to specify a volume size, but if you do, it must be greater than
or equal to the size of the snapshot.

--block-device-mappings "[{\"DeviceName\":\"/dev/sdf\",\"Ebs\":{\"SnapshotId\":
\"snap-xxxxxxxx\"}}]"

The following example adds two instance store volumes. Note that the number of instance store
volumes available to your instance depends on its instance type.

--block-device-mappings "[{\"DeviceName\":\"/dev/sdf\",\"VirtualName\":\"ephemeral0\"},
{\"DeviceName\":\"/dev/sdg\",\"VirtualName\":\"ephemeral1\"}]"

The following example omits a mapping for a device specied by the AMI used to launch the instance (/
dev/sdj):

--block-device-mappings "[{\"DeviceName\":\"/dev/sdj\",\"NoDevice\":\"\"}]"

For more information, see Block Device Mapping in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.

Adding a Name Tag to Your Instance

To add the tag Name=MyInstance to your instance, use the create-tags command as follows:

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 AWS Command Line Interface User Guide
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$ aws ec2 create-tags --resources i-xxxxxxxx --tags Key=Name,Value=MyInstance

For more information, see Tagging Your Resources in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.

Connecting to Your Instance

While your instance is running, you can connect to it and use it just as you'd use a computer sitting in
front of you. For more information, see Connect to Your Amazon EC2 Instance in the Amazon EC2 User
Guide for Linux Instances.

Listing Your Instances

You can use the AWS CLI to list your instances and view information about them. You can list all your
instances, or lter the results based on the instances that you're interested in.
Note
Before you try the example commands, set your default credentials.

The following examples show how to use the describe-instances command.

Example 1: List the instances with the specied instance type

The following command lists your m1.small instances.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=instance-type,Values=m1.small"

Example 2: List the instances launched using the specied images

The following command lists your instances that were launched from the following AMIs: ami-x0123456,
ami-y0123456, and ami-z0123456.

$ aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=image-id,Values=ami-x0123456,ami-y0123456,ami-

z0123456"

Terminating Your Instance

Terminating an instance eectively deletes it; you can't reconnect to an instance after you've terminated
it. As soon as the state of the instance changes to shutting-down or terminated, you stop incurring
charges for that instance.

When you are nished with the instance, use the terminate-instances command as follows:

$ aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids i-5203422c

{
"TerminatingInstances": [
{
"InstanceId": "i-5203422c",
"CurrentState": {
"Code": 32,
"Name": "shutting-down"
},
"PreviousState": {
"Code": 16,
"Name": "running"
}
}
]
}

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Amazon Glacier

For more information, see Terminate Your Instance in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances.

Using Amazon Glacier with the AWS Command

Line Interface
You can upload a large le to Amazon Glacier by splitting it into smaller parts and uploading them from
the command line. This topic describes the process of creating a vault, splitting a le, and conguring
and executing a multipart upload to Amazon Glacier with the AWS CLI.
Note
This tutorial uses several command line tools that typically come pre-installed on Unix-like
operating systems including Linux and OS X. Windows users can use the same tools by installing
Cygwin and running the commands from the Cygwin terminal. Windows native commands and
utilities that perform the same functions are noted where available.

Topics
Create an Amazon Glacier Vault (p. 68)
Prepare a File for Uploading (p. 68)
Initiate a Multipart Upload and Upload Files (p. 69)
Complete the Upload (p. 70)

Create an Amazon Glacier Vault

Create a vault with the aws glacier create-vault command. The following command creates a vault
named myvault.

$ aws glacier create-vault --account-id - --vault-name myvault

{
"location": "/123456789012/vaults/myvault"
}

Note
All glacier commands require an account ID parameter. Use a hyphen to specify the current
account.

Prepare a File for Uploading

Create a le for the test upload. The following commands create a le that contains exactly 3 MiB (3 x
1024 x 1024 bytes) of random data.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=largefile bs=3145728 count=1

1+0 records in
1+0 records out
3145728 bytes (3.1 MB) copied, 0.205813 s, 15.3 MB/s

dd is a utility that copies a number of bytes from an input le to an output le. The above example uses
the device le /dev/urandom as a source of random data. fsutil performs a similar function in Windows:

Windows

C:\temp>fsutil file createnew largefile 3145728

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File C:\temp\largefile is created

Next, split the le into 1 MiB (1048576 byte) chunks.

$ split --bytes=1048576 --verbose largefile chunk

creating file `chunkaa'
creating file `chunkab'
creating file `chunkac'

Note
HJ-Split is a free le splitter for Windows and many other platforms.

Initiate a Multipart Upload and Upload Files

Create a multipart upload in Amazon Glacier by using the aws glacier initiate-multipart-upload
command.

$ aws glacier initiate-multipart-upload --account-id - --archive-description "multipart

upload test" --part-size 1048576 --vault-name myvault
{
"uploadId": "19gaRezEXAMPLES6Ry5YYdqthHOC_kGRCT03L9yetr220UmPtBYKk-
OssZtLqyFu7sY1_lR7vgFuJV6NtcV5zpsJ",
"location": "/123456789012/vaults/myvault/multipart-
uploads/19gaRezEXAMPLES6Ry5YYdqthHOC_kGRCT03L9yetr220UmPtBYKk-
OssZtLqyFu7sY1_lR7vgFuJV6NtcV5zpsJ"
}

Amazon Glacier requires the size of each part in bytes (1 MiB in this example), your vault name, and
an account ID in order to congure the multipart upload. The AWS CLI outputs an upload ID when the
operation is complete. Save the upload ID to a shell variable for later use.

Linux, macOS, or Unix

$ UPLOADID="19gaRezEXAMPLES6Ry5YYdqthHOC_kGRCT03L9yetr220UmPtBYKk-
OssZtLqyFu7sY1_lR7vgFuJV6NtcV5zpsJ"

Windows

C:\temp> set UPLOADID="19gaRezEXAMPLES6Ry5YYdqthHOC_kGRCT03L9yetr220UmPtBYKk-

OssZtLqyFu7sY1_lR7vgFuJV6NtcV5zpsJ"

Next, use the aws glacier upload-multipart-part command to upload each part.

$ aws glacier upload-multipart-part --upload-id $UPLOADID --body chunkaa --range 'bytes

0-1048575/*' --account-id - --vault-name myvault
{
"checksum": "e1f2a7cd6e047fa606fe2f0280350f69b9f8cfa602097a9a026360a7edc1f553"
}
$ aws glacier upload-multipart-part --upload-id $UPLOADID --body chunkab --range 'bytes
1048576-2097151/*' --account-id - --vault-name myvault
{
"checksum": "e1f2a7cd6e047fa606fe2f0280350f69b9f8cfa602097a9a026360a7edc1f553"
}
$ aws glacier upload-multipart-part --upload-id $UPLOADID --body chunkac --range 'bytes
2097152-3145727/*' --account-id - --vault-name myvault
{
"checksum": "e1f2a7cd6e047fa606fe2f0280350f69b9f8cfa602097a9a026360a7edc1f553"
}

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Complete the Upload

Note
The above example uses the dollar sign ("$") to dereference the UPLOADID shell variable. On the
Windows command line, use two percent signs (i.e. %UPLOADID%).

You must specify the byte range of each part when you upload it so it can be reassembled in the proper
order by Amazon Glacier. Each piece is 1048576 bytes, so the rst piece occupies bytes 0-1048575, the
second 1048576-2097151, and the third 2097152-3145727.

Complete the Upload

Amazon Glacier requires a tree hash of the original le in order to conrm that all of the uploaded pieces
reached AWS intact. To calculate a tree hash, you split the le into 1 MiB parts and calculate a binary
SHA-256 hash of each piece. Then you split the list of hashes into pairs, combine the two binary hashes
in each pair, and take hashes of the results. Repeat this process until there is only one hash left. If there is
an odd number of hashes at any level, promote it to the next level without modifying it.

The key to calculating a tree hash correctly when using command line utilities is to store each hash in
binary format and only convert to hexadecimal at the last step. Combining or hashing the hexadecimal
version of any hash in the tree will cause an incorrect result.
Note
Windows users can use the type command in place of cat. OpenSSL is available for Windows at
OpenSSL.org.

To calculate a tree hash

1. Split the original le into 1 MiB parts if you haven't already.

$ split --bytes=1048576 --verbose largefile chunk

creating file `chunkaa'
creating file `chunkab'
creating file `chunkac'

2. Calculate and store the binary SHA-256 hash of each chunk.

$ openssl dgst -sha256 -binary chunkaa > hash1

$ openssl dgst -sha256 -binary chunkab > hash2
$ openssl dgst -sha256 -binary chunkac > hash3

3. Combine the rst two hashes and take the binary hash of the result.

$ cat hash1 hash2 > hash12

$ openssl dgst -sha256 -binary hash12 > hash12hash

4. Combine the parent hash of chunks aa and ab with the hash of chunk ac and hash the result, this
time outputing hexadecimal. Store the result in a shell variable.

$ cat hash12hash hash3 > hash123

$ openssl dgst -sha256 hash123
SHA256(hash123)= 9628195fcdbcbbe76cdde932d4646fa7de5f219fb39823836d81f0cc0e18aa67
$ TREEHASH=9628195fcdbcbbe76cdde932d4646fa7de5f219fb39823836d81f0cc0e18aa67

Finally, complete the upload with the aws glacier complete-multipart-upload command. This
command takes the original le's size in bytes, the nal tree hash value in hexadecimal, and your account
ID and vault name.

$ aws glacier complete-multipart-upload --checksum $TREEHASH --archive-size 3145728 --

upload-id $UPLOADID --account-id - --vault-name myvault

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{
"archiveId": "d3AbWhE0YE1m6f_fI1jPG82F8xzbMEEZmrAlLGAAONJAzo5QdP-
N83MKqd96Unspoa5H5lItWX-sK8-QS0ZhwsyGiu9-R-kwWUyS1dSBlmgPPWkEbeFfqDSav053rU7FvVLHfRc6hg",
"checksum": "9628195fcdbcbbe76cdde932d4646fa7de5f219fb39823836d81f0cc0e18aa67",
"location": "/123456789012/vaults/myvault/archives/
d3AbWhE0YE1m6f_fI1jPG82F8xzbMEEZmrAlLGAAONJAzo5QdP-N83MKqd96Unspoa5H5lItWX-sK8-
QS0ZhwsyGiu9-R-kwWUyS1dSBlmgPPWkEbeFfqDSav053rU7FvVLHfRc6hg"
}

You can also check the status of the vault using aws glacier describe-vault:

$ aws glacier describe-vault --account-id - --vault-name myvault

{
"SizeInBytes": 3178496,
"VaultARN": "arn:aws:glacier:us-west-2:123456789012:vaults/myvault",
"LastInventoryDate": "2015-04-07T00:26:19.028Z",
"NumberOfArchives": 1,
"CreationDate": "2015-04-06T21:23:45.708Z",
"VaultName": "myvault"
}

It is now safe to remove the part and hash les you created:

$ rm chunk* hash*

For more information on multipart uploads, see Uploading Large Archives in Parts and Computing
Checksums in the Amazon Glacier Developer Guide.

AWS Identity and Access Management from the

AWS Command Line Interface
This section describes some common tasks related to AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) and
how to perform them using the AWS Command Line Interface.

The commands shown here assume that you have set default credentials and a default region.

Topics
Create New IAM Users and Groups (p. 71)
Set an IAM Policy for an IAM User (p. 72)
Set an Initial Password for an IAM User (p. 73)
Create Security Credentials for an IAM User (p. 73)

Create New IAM Users and Groups

This section describes how to create a new IAM group and a new IAM user and then add the user to the
group.

To create an IAM group and add a new IAM user to it

1. First, use the create-group command to create the group.

$ aws iam create-group --group-name MyIamGroup

{

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"Group": {
"GroupName": "MyIamGroup",
"CreateDate": "2012-12-20T03:03:52.834Z",
"GroupId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
"Arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:group/MyIamGroup",
"Path": "/"
}
}

2. Next, use the create-user command to create the user.

$ aws iam create-user --user-name MyUser

{
"User": {
"UserName": "MyUser",
"Path": "/",
"CreateDate": "2012-12-20T03:13:02.581Z",
"UserId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
"Arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/MyUser"
}
}

3. Finally, use the add-user-to-group command to add the user to the group.

$ aws iam add-user-to-group --user-name MyUser --group-name MyIamGroup

4. To verify that the MyIamGroup group contains the MyUser, use the get-group command.

$ aws iam get-group --group-name MyIamGroup

{
"Group": {
"GroupName": "MyIamGroup",
"CreateDate": "2012-12-20T03:03:52Z",
"GroupId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
"Arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:group/MyIamGroup",
"Path": "/"
},
"Users": [
{
"UserName": "MyUser",
"Path": "/",
"CreateDate": "2012-12-20T03:13:02Z",
"UserId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
"Arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/MyUser"
}
],
"IsTruncated": "false"
}

You can also view IAM users and groups with the AWS Management Console.

Set an IAM Policy for an IAM User

The following commands show how to assign an IAM policy to an IAM user. The policy specied here
provides the user with "Power User Access". This policy is identical to the Power User Access policy
template provided in the IAM console. In this example, the policy is saved to a le, MyPolicyFile.json:

{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [

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{
"Effect": "Allow",
"NotAction": "iam:*",
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}

To specify the policy, use the put-user-policy command.

$ aws iam put-user-policy --user-name MyUser --policy-name MyPowerUserRole --policy-

document file://C:\Temp\MyPolicyFile.json

Verify the policy has been assigned to the user with the list-user-policies command.

$ aws iam list-user-policies --user-name MyUser

{
"PolicyNames": [
"MyPowerUserRole"
],
"IsTruncated": "false"
}

Additional Resources
For more information, see Resources for Learning About Permissions and Policies. This topic provides
links to an overview of permissions and policies and links to examples of policies for accessing Amazon
S3, Amazon EC2, and other services.

Set an Initial Password for an IAM User

The following example demonstrates how to use the create-login-profile command to set an initial
password for an IAM user.

$ aws iam create-login-profile --user-name MyUser --password My!User1Login8P@ssword

{
"LoginProfile": {
"UserName": "MyUser",
"CreateDate": "2013-01-02T21:10:54.339Z",
"MustChangePassword": "false"
}
}

Use the update-login-profile command to update the password for an IAM user.

Create Security Credentials for an IAM User

The following example uses the create-access-key command to create security credentials for an IAM
user. A set of security credentials comprises an access key ID and a secret key. Note that an IAM user can
have no more than two sets of credentials at any given time. If you attempt to create a third set, the
create-access-key command will return a "LimitExceeded" error.

$ aws iam create-access-key --user-name MyUser

{
"AccessKey": {
"SecretAccessKey": "je7MtGbClwBF/2Zp9Utk/h3yCo8nvbEXAMPLEKEY",
"Status": "Active",

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"CreateDate": "2013-01-02T22:44:12.897Z",
"UserName": "MyUser",
"AccessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE"
}
}

Use the delete-access-key command to delete a set of credentials for an IAM user. Specify which
credentials to delete by using the access key ID.

$ aws iam delete-access-key --user-name MyUser --access-key-id AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE

Using Amazon S3 with the AWS Command Line

Interface
The AWS CLI provides two tiers of commands for accessing Amazon S3.

The rst tier, named s3, consists of high-level commands for frequently used operations, such as
creating, manipulating, and deleting objects and buckets.
The second tier, named s3api, exposes all Amazon S3 operations, including modifying a bucket access
control list (ACL), using cross-origin resource sharing (CORS), or logging policies. It allows you to carry
out advanced operations that may not be possible with the high-level commands alone.

To get a list of all commands available in each tier, use the help argument with the aws s3 or aws s3api
commands:

$ aws s3 help

or

$ aws s3api help

Note
The AWS CLI supports copying, moving, and syncing from Amazon S3 to Amazon S3. These
operations use the service-side COPY operation provided by Amazon S3: Your les are kept in
the cloud, and are not downloaded to the client machine, then back up to Amazon S3.
When operations such as these can be performed completely in the cloud, only the bandwidth
necessary for the HTTP request and response is used.

For examples of Amazon S3 usage, see the following topics in this section.

Topics
Using High-Level s3 Commands with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 74)
Using API-Level (s3api) Commands with the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 79)

Using High-Level s3 Commands with the AWS

Command Line Interface
This section describes how you can manage Amazon S3 buckets and objects using high-level aws s3
commands.

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Managing Buckets
High-level aws s3 commands support commonly used bucket operations, such as creating, removing,
and listing buckets.

Creating Buckets
Use the aws s3 mb command to create a new bucket. Bucket names must be unique and should be DNS
compliant. Bucket names can contain lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens and periods. Bucket names
can only start and end with a letter or number, and cannot contain a period next to a hyphen or another
period.

$ aws s3 mb s3://bucket-name

Removing Buckets
To remove a bucket, use the aws s3 rb command.

$ aws s3 rb s3://bucket-name

By default, the bucket must be empty for the operation to succeed. To remove a non-empty bucket, you
need to include the --force option.

$ aws s3 rb s3://bucket-name --force

This will rst delete all objects and subfolders in the bucket and then remove the bucket.
Note
If you are using a versioned bucket that contains previously deletedbut retainedobjects, this
command will not allow you to remove the bucket.

Listing Buckets
To list all buckets or their contents, use the aws s3 ls command. Here are some examples of common
usage.

The following command lists all buckets.

$ aws s3 ls
CreationTime Bucket
------------ ------
2013-07-11 17:08:50 my-bucket
2013-07-24 14:55:44 my-bucket2

The following command lists all objects and folders (prexes) in a bucket.

$ aws s3 ls s3://bucket-name
Bucket: my-bucket
Prefix:

LastWriteTime Length Name

------------- ------ ----
PRE path/
2013-09-04 19:05:48 3 MyFile1.txt

The following command lists the objects in bucket-name/path (in other words, objects in bucket-name
ltered by the prex path).

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$ aws s3 ls s3://bucket-name/path
Bucket: my-bucket
Prefix: path/

LastWriteTime Length Name

------------- ------ ----
2013-09-06 18:59:32 3 MyFile2.txt

Managing Objects
The high-level aws s3 commands make it convenient to manage Amazon S3 objects as well. The object
commands include aws s3 cp, aws s3 ls, aws s3 mv, aws s3 rm, and sync. The cp, ls, mv, and rm
commands work similarly to their Unix counterparts and enable you to work seamlessly across your local
directories and Amazon S3 buckets. The sync command synchronizes the contents of a bucket and a
directory, or two buckets.
Note
All high-level commands that involve uploading objects into an Amazon S3 bucket (aws s3
cp, aws s3 mv, and aws s3 sync) automatically perform a multipart upload when the object is
large.
Failed uploads cannot be resumed when using these commands. If the multipart upload fails
due to a timeout or is manually cancelled by pressing CTRL+C, the AWS CLI cleans up any les
created and aborts the upload. This process can take several minutes.
If the process is interrupted by a kill command or system failure, the in-progress multipart
upload remains in Amazon S3 and must be cleaned up manually in the AWS Management
Console or with the s3api abort-multipart-upload command.

The cp, mv, and sync commands include a --grants option that can be used to grant permissions on the
object to specied users or groups. You set the --grants option to a list of permissions using following
syntax:

--grants Permission=Grantee_Type=Grantee_ID
[Permission=Grantee_Type=Grantee_ID ...]

Each value contains the following elements:

Permission Species the granted permissions, and can be set to read, readacl, writeacl, or full.
Grantee_Type Species how the grantee is to be identied, and can be set to uri, emailaddress, or
id.
Grantee_ID Species the grantee based on Grantee_Type.
uri The group's URI. For more information, see Who Is a Grantee?
emailaddress The account's email address.
id The account's canonical ID.

For more information on Amazon S3 access control, see Access Control.

The following example copies an object into a bucket. It grants read permissions on the object
to everyone and full permissions (read, readacl, and writeacl) to the account associated with
[email protected].

$ aws s3 cp file.txt s3://my-bucket/ --grants read=uri=http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/

global/AllUsers [email protected]

To specify a non-default storage class (REDUCED_REDUNDANCY or STANDARD_IA) for objects that you upload
to Amazon S3, use the --storage-class option:

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$ aws s3 cp file.txt s3://my-bucket/ --storage-class REDUCED_REDUNDANCY

The sync command has the following form. Possible source-target combinations are:

Local le system to Amazon S3

Amazon S3 to local le system
Amazon S3 to Amazon S3

$ aws s3 sync <source> <target> [--options]

The following example synchronizes the contents of an Amazon S3 folder named path in my-bucket with
the current working directory. s3 sync updates any les that have a dierent size or modied time than
les with the same name at the destination. The output displays specic operations performed during
the sync. Notice that the operation recursively synchronizes the subdirectory MySubdirectory and its
contents with s3://my-bucket/path/MySubdirectory.

$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path

upload: MySubdirectory\MyFile3.txt to s3://my-bucket/path/MySubdirectory/MyFile3.txt
upload: MyFile2.txt to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile2.txt
upload: MyFile1.txt to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile1.txt

Normally, sync only copies missing or outdated les or objects between the source and target. However,
you may supply the --delete option to remove les or objects from the target not present in the source.

The following example, which extends the previous one, shows how this works.

// Delete local file

$ rm ./MyFile1.txt

// Attempt sync without --delete option - nothing happens

$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path

// Sync with deletion - object is deleted from bucket

$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --delete
delete: s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile1.txt

// Delete object from bucket

$ aws s3 rm s3://my-bucket/path/MySubdirectory/MyFile3.txt
delete: s3://my-bucket/path/MySubdirectory/MyFile3.txt

// Sync with deletion - local file is deleted

$ aws s3 sync s3://my-bucket/path . --delete
delete: MySubdirectory\MyFile3.txt

// Sync with Infrequent Access storage class

$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --storage-class STANDARD_IA

The --exclude and --include options allow you to specify rules to lter the les or objects to be
copied during the sync operation. By default, all items in a specied directory are included in the
sync. Therefore, --include is only needed when specifying exceptions to the --exclude option (for
example, --include eectively means "don't exclude"). The options apply in the order that is specied, as
demonstrated in the following example.

Local directory contains 3 files:

MyFile1.txt

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MyFile2.rtf
MyFile88.txt
'''
$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --exclude '*.txt'
upload: MyFile2.rtf to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile2.rtf
'''
$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --exclude '*.txt' --include 'MyFile*.txt'
upload: MyFile1.txt to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile1.txt
upload: MyFile88.txt to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile88.txt
upload: MyFile2.rtf to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile2.rtf
'''
$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --exclude '*.txt' --include 'MyFile*.txt' --exclude
'MyFile?.txt'
upload: MyFile2.rtf to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile2.rtf
upload: MyFile88.txt to s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile88.txt

The --exclude and --include options can also lter les or objects to be deleted during a sync
operation with the --delete option. In this case, the parameter string must specify les to be excluded
from, or included for, deletion in the context of the target directory or bucket. The following shows an
example.

Assume local directory and s3://my-bucket/path currently in sync and each contains 3 files:
MyFile1.txt
MyFile2.rtf
MyFile88.txt
'''
// Delete local .txt files
$ rm *.txt

// Sync with delete, excluding files that match a pattern. MyFile88.txt is deleted, while
remote MyFile1.txt is not.
$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --delete --exclude 'my-bucket/path/MyFile?.txt'
delete: s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile88.txt
'''
// Delete MyFile2.rtf
$ aws s3 rm s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile2.rtf

// Sync with delete, excluding MyFile2.rtf - local file is NOT deleted

$ aws s3 sync s3://my-bucket/path . --delete --exclude './MyFile2.rtf'
download: s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile1.txt to MyFile1.txt
'''
// Sync with delete, local copy of MyFile2.rtf is deleted
$ aws s3 sync s3://my-bucket/path . --delete
delete: MyFile2.rtf

The sync command also accepts an --acl option, by which you may set the access permissions for les
copied to Amazon S3. The option accepts private, public-read, and public-read-write values.

$ aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket/path --acl public-read

As previously mentioned, the s3 command set includes cp, mv, ls, and rm, and they work in similar ways
to their Unix counterparts. The following are some examples.

// Copy MyFile.txt in current directory to s3://my-bucket/path

$ aws s3 cp MyFile.txt s3://my-bucket/path/

// Move all .jpg files in s3://my-bucket/path to ./MyDirectory

$ aws s3 mv s3://my-bucket/path ./MyDirectory --exclude '*' --include '*.jpg' --recursive

// List the contents of my-bucket

$ aws s3 ls s3://my-bucket

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// List the contents of path in my-bucket

$ aws s3 ls s3://my-bucket/path

// Delete s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile.txt
$ aws s3 rm s3://my-bucket/path/MyFile.txt

// Delete s3://my-bucket/path and all of its contents

$ aws s3 rm s3://my-bucket/path --recursive

When the --recursive option is used on a directory/folder with cp, mv, or rm, the command walks the
directory tree, including all subdirectories. These commands also accept the --exclude, --include, and
--acl options as the sync command does.

Using API-Level (s3api) Commands with the AWS

Command Line Interface
The API-level commands (contained in the s3api command set) provide direct access to the Amazon
S3 APIs and enable some operations not exposed in the high-level commands. This section describes
the API-level commands and provides a few examples. For more Amazon S3 examples, see the s3api
command-line reference and choose an available command from the list.

Custom ACLs
With high-level commands, you can use the --acl option to apply pre-dened access control lists
(ACLs) on Amazon S3 objects, but you cannot set bucket-wide ACLs. You can do this with the API-
level command, put-bucket-acl. The following example grants full control to two AWS users
([email protected] and [email protected]) and read permission to everyone.

$ aws s3api put-bucket-acl --bucket MyBucket --grant-full-control

'emailaddress="[email protected]",emailaddress="[email protected]"' --grant-read
'uri="http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers"'

For details about custom ACLs, see PUT Bucket acl. The s3api ACL commands, such as put-bucket-acl,
use the same shorthand argument notation.

Logging Policy
The API command put-bucket-logging congures bucket logging policy. The following example sets
the logging policy for MyBucket. The AWS user [email protected] will have full control over the log
les, and all users will have access to them. Note that the put-bucket-acl command is required to grant
Amazon S3's log delivery system the necessary permissions (write and read-acp).

$ aws s3api put-bucket-acl --bucket MyBucket --grant-write 'URI="http://acs.amazonaws.com/

groups/s3/LogDelivery"' --grant-read-acp 'URI="http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/s3/
LogDelivery"'
$ aws s3api put-bucket-logging --bucket MyBucket --bucket-logging-status file://
logging.json

logging.json

{
"LoggingEnabled": {
"TargetBucket": "MyBucket",
"TargetPrefix": "MyBucketLogs/",

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"TargetGrants": [
{
"Grantee": {
"Type": "AmazonCustomerByEmail",
"EmailAddress": "[email protected]"
},
"Permission": "FULL_CONTROL"
},
{
"Grantee": {
"Type": "Group",
"URI": "http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers"
},
"Permission": "READ"
}
]
}
}

Using the AWS Command Line Interface with

Amazon SNS
This section describes some common tasks related to Amazon Simple Notication Service (Amazon SNS)
and how to perform them using the AWS Command Line Interface.

Topics
Create a Topic (p. 80)
Subscribe to a Topic (p. 80)
Publish to a Topic (p. 81)
Unsubscribe from a Topic (p. 81)
Delete a Topic (p. 81)

Create a Topic
The following command creates a topic named my-topic:

$ aws sns create-topic --name my-topic

{
"TopicArn": "arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-topic"
}

Make a note of the TopicArn, which you will use later to publish a message.

Subscribe to a Topic
The following command subscribes to a topic using the email protocol and an email address for the
notication endpoint:

$ aws sns subscribe --topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-topic --protocol

email --notification-endpoint [email protected]
{
"SubscriptionArn": "pending confirmation"

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Publish to a Topic

An email message will be sent to the email address listed in the subscribe command. The email message
will have the following text:

You have chosen to subscribe to the topic:

arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-topic
To confirm this subscription, click or visit the following link (If this was in error no
action is necessary):
Confirm subscription

After clicking Conrm subscription, a "Subscription conrmed!" notication message should appear in
your browser with information similar to the following:

Subscription confirmed!

You have subscribed [email protected] to the topic:my-topic.

Your subscription's id is:

arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-topic:1328f057-de93-4c15-512e-8bb2268db8c4

If it was not your intention to subscribe, click here to unsubscribe.

Publish to a Topic
The following command publishes a message to a topic:

$ aws sns publish --topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-topic --message "Hello

World!"
{
"MessageId": "4e41661d-5eec-5ddf-8dab-2c867a709bab"
}

An email message with the text "Hello World!" will be sent to [email protected]

Unsubscribe from a Topic

The following command unsubscribes from a topic:

$ aws sns unsubscribe --subscription-arn arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-

topic:1328f057-de93-4c15-512e-8bb2268db8c4

To verify the unsubscription to the topic, type the following:

$ aws sns list-subscriptions

Delete a Topic
The following command deletes a topic:

$ aws sns delete-topic --topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:my-topic

To verify the deletion of the topic, type the following:

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Amazon SWF

$ aws sns list-topics

Using Amazon Simple Workow Service with the

AWS Command Line Interface
You can access features of Amazon Simple Workow Service (Amazon SWF) using the AWS CLI.

For a list of commands and how to work with domains in Amazon SWF, see the following topics.

Topics
List of Amazon SWF Commands by Category (p. 82)
Working with Amazon SWF Domains Using the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 84)

List of Amazon SWF Commands by Category

This section lists the reference topics for Amazon SWF commands in the AWS CLI. The commands here
are listed by functional category.

For an alphabetic list of commands, see the Amazon SWF section of the AWS Command Line Interface
Reference, or use the following command.

$ aws swf help

To get help for a particular command, use the help directive after the command name. The following
shows an example.

$ aws swf register-domain help

Topics
Commands Related to Activities (p. 82)
Commands Related to Deciders (p. 83)
Commands Related to Workow Executions (p. 83)
Commands Related to Administration (p. 83)
Visibility Commands (p. 84)

Commands Related to Activities

Activity workers use poll-for-activity-task to get new activity tasks. After a worker receives an
activity task from Amazon SWF, it performs the task and responds using respond-activity-task-
completed if successful or respond-activity-task-failed if unsuccessful.

The following are commands that are performed by activity workers.

poll-for-activity-task
respond-activity-task-completed
respond-activity-task-failed

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List of Amazon SWF Commands

respond-activity-task-canceled
record-activity-task-heartbeat

Commands Related to Deciders

Deciders use poll-for-decision-task to get decision tasks. After a decider receives a decision task from
Amazon SWF, it examines its workow execution history and decides what to do next. It calls respond-
decision-task-completed to complete the decision task and provides zero or more next decisions.

The following are commands that are performed by deciders.

poll-for-decision-task
respond-decision-task-completed

Commands Related to Workow Executions

The following commands operate on a workow execution.

request-cancel-workow-execution
start-workow-execution
signal-workow-execution
terminate-workow-execution

Commands Related to Administration

Although you can perform administrative tasks from the Amazon SWF console, you can use the
commands in this section to automate functions or build your own administrative tools.

Activity Management
register-activity-type
deprecate-activity-type

Workow Management
register-workow-type
deprecate-workow-type

Domain Management
register-domain
deprecate-domain

For more information and examples of these domain management commands, see Working with
Amazon SWF Domains Using the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 84).

Workow Execution Management

request-cancel-workow-execution
terminate-workow-execution

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Visibility Commands
Although you can perform visibility actions from the Amazon SWF console, you can use the commands in
this section to build your own console or administrative tools.

Activity Visibility
list-activity-types
describe-activity-type

Workow Visibility
list-workow-types
describe-workow-type

Workow Execution Visibility

describe-workow-execution
list-open-workow-executions
list-closed-workow-executions
count-open-workow-executions
count-closed-workow-executions
get-workow-execution-history

Domain Visibility
list-domains
describe-domain

For more information and examples of these domain visibility commands, see Working with Amazon
SWF Domains Using the AWS Command Line Interface (p. 84).

Task List Visibility

count-pending-activity-tasks
count-pending-decision-tasks

Working with Amazon SWF Domains Using the AWS

Command Line Interface
This section describes how to perform common Amazon SWF domain tasks using the AWS CLI.

Topics
Listing Your Domains (p. 85)
Getting Information About a Domain (p. 86)
Registering a Domain (p. 86)
Deprecating a Domain (p. 87)
See Also (p. 88)

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Working with Amazon SWF Domains

Listing Your Domains

To list the Amazon SWF domains that you have registered for your account, you can use swf list-
domains. There is only one required parameter: --registration-status, which you can set to either
REGISTERED or DEPRECATED.

Here's a minimal example:

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status REGISTERED

{
"domainInfos": [
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "ExampleDomain"
},
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "mytest"
}
]
}

Note
For an example of using DEPRECATED, see Deprecating a Domain (p. 87). As you might guess, it
returns any deprecated domains you have.

Setting a Page Size to Limit Results

If you have many domains, you can set the --maximum-page-size parameter to limit the number of
results returned. If you get more results than the maximum number that you specied, you will receive a
nextPageToken that you can send to the next call to list-domains to retrieve additional entries.

Here's an example of using --maximum-page-size:

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status REGISTERED --maximum-page-size 1

{
"domainInfos": [
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "ExampleDomain"
}
],
"nextPageToken": "ANeXAMPLEtOKENiSpRETTYlONG=="
}

Note
The nextPageToken that is returned to you will be much longer. This value is merely an example
for illustrative purposes.

When you make the call again, this time supplying the value of nextPageToken in the --next-page-token
argument, you'll get another page of results:

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status REGISTERED --maximum-page-size 1 --next-page-

token "ANeXAMPLEtOKENiSpRETTYlONG=="
{
"domainInfos": [
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "mytest"

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}
]
}

When there are no further pages of results to retrieve, nextPageToken will not be returned in the results.

Getting Information About a Domain

To get detailed information about a particular domain, use swf describe-domain. There is one required
parameter: --name, which takes the name of the domain you want information about. For example:

$ aws swf describe-domain --name ExampleDomain

{
"domainInfo": {
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "ExampleDomain"
},
"configuration": {
"workflowExecutionRetentionPeriodInDays": "1"
}
}

Registering a Domain
To register new domains, use swf register-domain. There are two required parameters, --name, which
takes the domain name, and --workflow-execution-retention-period-in-days, which takes an integer
to specify the number of days to retain workow execution data on this domain, up to a maximum
period of 90 days (for more information, see the Amazon SWF FAQ). If you specify zero (0) for this value,
the retention period is automatically set at the maximum duration. Otherwise, workow execution data
will not be retained after the specied number of days have passed.

Here's an example of registering a new domain:

$ aws swf register-domain --name MyNeatNewDomain --workflow-execution-retention-period-in-

days 0

When you register a domain, nothing is returned (""), but you can use swf list-domains or swf
describe-domain to see the new domain. For example:

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status REGISTERED

{
"domainInfos": [
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "ExampleDomain"
},
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "MyNeatNewDomain"
},
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "mytest"
}
]
}

Here's an example using swf describe-domain:

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$ aws swf describe-domain --name MyNeatNewDomain

{
"domainInfo": {
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "MyNeatNewDomain"
},
"configuration": {
"workflowExecutionRetentionPeriodInDays": "0"
}
}

Deprecating a Domain
To deprecate a domain (you can still see it, but cannot create new workow executions or register types
on it), use swf deprecate-domain. It has a sole required parameter, --name, which takes the name of the
domain to deprecate.

$ aws swf deprecate-domain --name MyNeatNewDomain

As with register-domain, no output is returned. If you use list-domains to view the registered domains,
however, you will see that the domain no longer appears among them.

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status REGISTERED

{
"domainInfos": [
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "ExampleDomain"
},
{
"status": "REGISTERED",
"name": "mytest"
}
]
}

You can see deprecated domains by using --registration-status DEPRECATED with list-domains.

$ aws swf list-domains --registration-status DEPRECATED

{
"domainInfos": [
{
"status": "DEPRECATED",
"name": "MyNeatNewDomain"
}
]
}

You can also use describe-domain to get information about a deprecated domain.

$ aws swf describe-domain --name MyNeatNewDomain

{
"domainInfo": {
"status": "DEPRECATED",
"name": "MyNeatNewDomain"
},
"configuration": {
"workflowExecutionRetentionPeriodInDays": "0"
}

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See Also
deprecate-domain in the AWS Command Line Interface Reference
describe-domain in the AWS Command Line Interface Reference
list-domains in the AWS Command Line Interface Reference
register-domain in the AWS Command Line Interface Reference

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