RICE BRAN OIL PROCESSING AND VALUE

ADDED PRODUCTS

Dr. RBN PRASAD

Platinum Jubilee Mentor, Centre for Lipid Research
CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
HYDERABAD-500007, INDIA
[email protected]
 RICE BRAN OIL POTENTIAL AND PRODUCTION

World Production of Rice 500 MMT

World Production of Rice Bran 50 MMT

Estimated Annual Global Potential of RBO 9 to 10 MMT
(Actual Production ~ 1.2 million tons)
India produces 103 MMT of rice
10 MMT of bran
1.5 to 2.0 MMT of Oil (Potential)
0.95 MMT of oil (Actual)
0.90 MMT Edible
0.05 MMT Non-edible

April 12, 2016

 VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM PADDY
PADDY

Husk White Rice Rice Bran Rice Germ Ground Rice

Fufural Silicon Crude Oil Defatted Rice Meal

Polysaccharide Dietary Fiber

Gum Wax Acid oil Deodorizer Cooking oil Salad oil Phytin Fine RiceMeal
Distillate
Fatty Acid Phytic Acid Inositol Triphosphate
Triglycerides
Hydrogenated
Sterol Tocopherol Calcium Phosphate
Oil Inositol Di-Basic
Lecithin Squalene Tocotrienol

Glycolipid Hydroxy-apatite
Bleached Wax Fatty Acid Glycerine -Oryzanol Ferulic Acid
Modified lecithins
Caffeic Acid
Soap Alkyd Resin Ferulic Acid

Triacontanol /
Polyglycerol Titerpene Vanillin
Octacosanol Dimer Acid Alcohol
Polyglycerol
Long Chain
Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Ester Esters Ferulic Ester
Phytosterol
 WHAT IS RICE BRAN OIL?

ALL THE
PROBLEMS OF
PROCESSING
STARTS
WITH THE
QUALITY OF
RICE BRAN

Oil produced from the layer around the endosperm of rice

obtained from paddy, which is removed during the process of
rice milling and is generally known as rice bran.
Nutritional quality of Brown rice is due to BRAN present on the grain

April 12, 2016

 DIFFERENT OIL!!
RBO is not a seed oil
Contains <90% triglyceride
Excellent oil for frying, pleasant flavor to the foods
etc., - Well suited for many applications
Good Natural antioxidant source
How to retain natural integration of rice bran oil?
CHEMICAL REFINING: Removes most of the
nutrients of the oil
PHYSICAL REFINING - Retains all the nutritional
constituents and losses are less Requires an
efficient pre-treatment and phosphorus should be
less than 5 ppm for deacidification step which is
challenging task
April 12, 2016
 GOLDEN HEALTH OIL
Popularly Known as Heart Oil / Health Food in Western
Countries
A Balanced fatty Acid Profile Closer to the
Recommended Levels of Health Organizations
Contains 1-2% of Alpha Linolenic Acid - Meets the
Requirement of n-3 Fatty Acids.
Lower Retention in Foods

Presence of a Host of Biologically and Nutritionally

Active Constituents Three Natural Antioxidants
o Oryzanol o Steryl Esters
o Tocopherols o Squalene
o Tocotrienols o Diglyceride
April 12, 2016
 COMPOSITION OF CRUDE RICE BRAN OIL

LIPID CLASS Wt %
Triglyceride 80-90
Diglyceride 1-5
Monoglyceride 1-2
Wax 1-6
Phospholipids 1-2
Glycolipid 1-3
Steryl Esters 2-3
Oryzanol 1-2
Unsaponifiables 3-8
Sterols (Major), Tocopherols,
Tocotrienols, Triterpenols
Hydrocarbons
FFA Varies from 3 to 40%

A Different Oil Compared to Seed Oils...

April 12, 2016

 FATTY ACID RATIOS OF COMMON EDIBLE OILS OF INDIA
EDIBLE OIL SATURATED MONO UNSATURATED POLYUNSATURATED
(S) (MU) (PUFA)
Groundnut 20 50 30
Sunflower 10 25 65
Mustard 5 65 25
Safflower 10 15 75
Soybean 15 20 65
Sesame 10 50 40
Cottonseed 30 20 40
Coconut 92 6 2
Palm 50 40 10
Rice bran 20 45 35

S MU PUFA
1 : 1 : 1 33.3 : 33.3 : 33.3 (American Heart Association)
1 : 1.5 : 1 28.5 : 43 : 28.5 (Japans Ministry of Health & Welfare)
1 : 1.5 : 0.7 31 : 48 : 21 (WHO)

April 12, 2016

 RICH IN NUTRACEUTICALS

RICE BRAN OIL IS RICH IN SEVEAL NUTRACEUTICALS

AND MAKES THIS OIL HIGHLY NUTRITOUS

ORYZANOL
TOCOPHEROLS
TOCOTRIENOLS
SQUALENE
PHYTOSTEROLS
PHYTOSTERYL ESTERS

April 12, 2016

 WHY SO DIFFICULT TO PROCESS?!

LOOKS LIKE A WONDERFUL OIL

MOST COMPLEX OIL TO HANDLE

VERY TOUGH TO PROCESS

WHY SO!?...

LIPASE IN THE BRAN IS THE CULPRIT

April 12, 2016

 RICE BRAN LIPASE
Rice Bran Contains 1,3-Specific Lipase
Starts Hydrolyzing TG Immediately after
Removal of Bran from the Grain
FFA Raises 4 to 40% within 15 Days
O
CH2O-C-R1 CH2-OH
O O
Lipase
CH2-O-C-R2 CH2-O-C-R2 + R-COOH
O
CH2-O-C-R3 CH2-OH

Triglyceride Monoglyceride Free fatty acid

April 12, 2016

 STABILIZATION OF RICE BRAN
TO ARREST FFA INCREASE
Efforts were made to develop technologies for stabilizing
the raw rice bran to restrict the FFA in crude rice bran oil
and to reduce chemical refining losses
Various technologies of stabilization such as steam
stabilization, chemical stabilization & extrusion technology
were tried for this purpose.
None of the technologies became popular because of
various techno-commercial reasons.
Ultimately the search started for some alternative refining
technologies which could economically refine crude rice
bran oil with higher levels of free fatty acids.
ANSWER FOR THIS WAS PHYSICAL REFINING

April 12, 2016

 MAJOR PROBLEMS IN
RICE BRAN OIL REFINING
High Content of Free Fatty Acids
Presence of Mono- and Diglycerides
Unusually High Content of Waxes
Presence of Polar Lipids like non-hydratable
Phospholipids and Glycolipids
High Content of Unsaponifiables like Hydrocarbons,
Sterols, Tocopherols and Tocotrienols etc.,
High Content of Steryl Esters and Oryzanol
Dark Color Due to Pigments and Oxidized Lipids

April 12, 2016

 QUALITY OF INDIAN RICE BRAN OIL

Crude Rice Bran FFA Content

(Quantity in tons)
200,000 <5%

500,000 <20%

150,000 20-30%

50,000 30-40%

April 12, 2016

 WHY PHYSICAL REFINING FOR
RICE BRAN OIL?
To Retain Most of the Nutritional Components
like Oryzanol in the Refined oil
Physical Refining Losses (Only 1.1 times of FFA)
are Less Compared to Chemical Refining (2.5 to 3
times of FFA)
More Profitability and Less Environment
Pollution
Important Pre-requisite for Successful Physical
Refining - Phosphorus Content in the Oil < 5 ppm
Industry Struggled Due to Non-availability of
Appropriate Degumming Process

April 12, 2016

 WHY ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING?
Water Degumming - Simplest Method for Removing
Phospholipids from Vegetable Oils
Water Degumming Removes Only Hydratable
Phospholipids- Residual Phosphorus in Water
Degummed OIl - 80-150 ppm
Non-hydratable Phospholipids (Ca and Mg salts of
PE and PA) Retains in Water Degummed Oil
Existing Degumming Methods like Phosphoric
Acid Degumming may not Reduce the P levels to
< 5 ppm
E n z y m a t i c D e g u m m i n g Hydrolyses the
Phospholipids including Non-hydratable
Phospholipids into Water-soluble Lyso-lecithin -
April 12, 2016 Separates from Oil Phase by Centrifugation
 ...why enzymatic degumming?
O
CH2-O-C-R PHOSPHOLIPASE A1 -OH
O
PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
CH-O-C-R -OH
O
CH2-O-P-O-X

O-
Lecithin Lysolecithin

Enzymatic Degumming First Reported by Lurgi Using Phospho-

lipase A2 Isolated from Porcine Pancrease (Lecitase 10 L)
Lecitase Novo A Microbial-based phospholipase A1 - Introduced
in the Market in 2002.
Enzymatic degumming using these enzymes were reported for
soybean, rape seed and sunflower oils only
IICT Came out with an Improved Process with Both the Enzymes
for the Degumming of Vegetable Oils including Rice Bran Oil [India,
US, Indonesia, China, Japan and Vietnam Patents granted /
pending]
April 12, 2016
 WHAT IS NEW IN IICT
ENZYMATIC PROCESS?

New Protocol Simpler than the Existing

Enzymatic Degumming Processes

No Complex Processing Step

Can be Implemented with Minor

Modifications in the Existing Refineries

Can be Converted into a Continuous

Process Very Easily

April 12, 2016

 ADVANTAGES OF IICT PROCESS
P Levels in the Pre-treated RBO Brought Down to
0-5 ppm

1 to 1.5% Gums with an Oil Content of 15-25% in Enzymatic

Degumming; 2-4% Gums with 50-60% Oil in Conventional
Degumming

No Alteration of Fatty Acid Composition in RBO

Water wash not Necessary after Enzymatic Degumming - Oil
Loss and Effluent can be Avoided

Oryzanol of Crude RBO Remains Almost Intact

April 12, 2016

 IMPACT OF ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING PROCESS
vLESS WATER CONSUMPTION
7% against 14 to 20% used for other degumming methods
vNo effluent
Phosphoric acid degumming requires water wash
vMORE OIL RECOVERY
0.6 to 1.5% in case of physical refinery
2 to 3 folds more recovery in case of chemical refinery
vMORE FATTY ACID
0.3 to 0.6% additional fatty acid production due to the
hydrolysis of lecithin
vBETTER QUALITY OIL
vMORE PROFITS
vVALUE ADDITION TO BY-PRODUCTS
High value lyso lecithin
Better quality wax
April 12, 2016
ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING OF RICE BRAN OIL
Rice Bran Oil (RBO) Known as Healthy Heart Oil
Most of the Nutraceuticals Get Destroyed During
M/s. Ganpati Solvex Pvt. Ltd., Alkali Refining of RBO 27 Clients so far
Rajnandgaon Physical Refining The Preferred Process for RBO Covering 9 states
Degumming The Key Pre-treatment Step for
Physical Refining of any Oil
No Methodology was available for Efficient
Degumming of Crude RBO
IICTs Enzymatic Degumming Process Succeeded in
Removing Both Hydratable and Non-hydratable
Phospholipids using Phospholipase A1 Hydrolysis
Enzymaticlly Degummed RBO Retains all the
Nutrients and Contains < 5ppm Phosphorus and
Ensures Efficient Physical Refining

v Indian Patent No. 202379 (2006); US Patent No. 7,494,676 (2009) ; VN 1-0008605 (2010)
& IDP0033123 (2013)
v IICT Process Requires Less Water and Releases No Effluent
v Technology Developed and Demonstrated at Commercial Scale (50 TPD)
SEA Golden Jubilee
v Investment Required for Switching Over to Enzymatic Degumming from Conventional Award-2013
Degumming in the Existing 50 TPD Refinery : Rs 15 Lakhs
First Industrial Green
IMPACT ON INDIAN RICE BRAN OIL INDUSTRY Chemistry Award
2009
Total Annual Production of RBO in India : 9.5 lakh tons
Production of RBO using IICT Process : ~4 to 5 lakh tons CSIR Technology
Prize-2005
If Total Production of RBO Routes through IICT Process
Extra Oil Recovery @ 1 to 1.5 % 9500 to 14,250 tons (Rs.48 to 70Crore) TDB National Award
Extra Fatty Acid Recovery @ 0.3 to 0.6 % 2,850 to 5700 tons (Rs. 8 to 15 Crores) 2009
Minimum Water Saving @ 10 % of Crude oil 95,000 KL

New Industries Established Employing IICTs Enzymatic Degumming Process Annually Producing about 2 Lakh Tons of RBO (Worth
of > Rs. 1000 crores ) Helping the Nation in Saving Foreign Exchange to Import Edible Oils
April 12, 2016 April 12, 2016
 ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING OF RICE BRAN OIL

CSIR TECHNOLOGY PRIZE INDUSTRIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY AWARD TDB NATIONAL AWARD
2005 2009 2009
 Processing step Color A.V. Phosphoru Oryzanol
s (ppm) (wt %)

Crude oil 35-50* 7-15 350-650 1.4-1.6

Enzymatic 40-55** 7.5-15.5 20-50 -

degumming
Bleaching 25-32** 7.5-15.5 5-15 -

Dewaxing 20-27** 7.5-15.5 0-5 -

P h y s i c a l 8-20** 0.1-0.25 0-5 1.3-1.5

Refining

April 12, 2016

 RICE BRAN OIL TRIGLYCERIDE
COMPOSITION

Triglyceride Content, %
SSS 0
SSU 20.5
SUU 49.7
UUU 29.8
Due to higher content of SSU molecular species Rice bran
oil is hazy at lower temperatures and winterization is
necessary in addition to dewaxing to get transparent oil

April 12, 2016

 WINTERIZATION

To remove traces of wax and stearin

To remain clear even at 0C for good export
market
RBO tends to form prime crystals - Slow
cooling cycle is recommended
A high filter surface-to-oil ratio is needed to
accommodate the separation of fine crystals
Filter aids may be used to increase flow rates and
to extend filter cycle time
RBO stearins may be added to shortening, fry oil,
or margarine oil formulations

April 12, 2016

 INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE

CASE STUDY ON REFINING OF RICE BRAN OIL

- Presented By Sri A.R. Sharma At 1st National Seminar On Rice Bran Oil Sea,
April 25, 1998, Hyderabad

Basic requirement of physical deacidification is that the phosphorus content

in the feed oil should be less than 5 ppm
So far no commercially viable technology is available to achieve the desired
level of phosphorus
The only way by which P content can be reduced to the minimum possible
level is continuous degumming followed by bleaching with heavy dose of
neutral earth ranging between 7 to 8% with 0.5 to 1% activated carbon to get
better color reduction
RBO color after deacidification 25 to 40 units in 1 cell

SEPTEMBER 2005

A P Solvex / A P Organics could able to achieve Zero Phosphorus in the Feed

Oil of Deacidification with just 2.5% Bleaching Earth (Without Carbon) by
employing Enzymatic Degumming Process!!
Color after Deacidification 12 to 14 Units in 1 Cell
Sri A R Sharma implemented Enzymatic Degumming Process in May 2002 for
the First Time in The Country using IICT Technology
 SOME INDIAN BRANDS OF RICE BRAN OIL

April 12, 2016

 VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM THE
PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS OF RICE BRAN OIL
(IICTS TECHNOLOGIES)

April 12, 2016

 EXPLOITATION OF BY-PRODUCTS
Overall capacity utilization of bran production,
solvent extraction and oil refining remains low
due to large capacities installed
Only way to balance the economics of bran
extraction and oil processing is to exploit the by-
products obtained during processing for value
addition
IICT motivated several Industries to go for Value
addition to the by-products of the processing
industry
Developed a Number of Products and Processes
using the By-products of Rice Bran Oil
Processing Industry
Transferred Many Products to Industries
April 12, 2016
 Integrated Technology Management of Value
added By-products from Rice Bran and RBO

vThe moment rice bran milled from rice grain, the lipase
present in rice bran gets activated and hydrolyzes the oil
present in it..

vNeed to extract the oil at the earliest possible to arrest the

increase in FFA

vBran contains large amounts of silica and silica has to be

removed for edible applications

vBran particles should not enter into oil which may create
lot of problems to the quality of oil and by-products

vIntegrated technology management is highly essential for

the production of value added products with high quality
from rice bran or rice bran oil...
April 12, 2016
 PHYTIC ACID

v Hexa phosphoric acid ester of myoinositol (5% of Rice

Bran)

v Anti cancer activity, Inhibitory effect on tumors, prevents

the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney,
Dentifrice formulations (mouth wash), Descaling and
washing of printing plates
v Source of Inositol - another biological active product

April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015

 SUPER CRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE
EXTRACTION
vAttractive Alternative for Traditional Solvent
Extraction Process
vGreen Process IICT initiated work at 12 litre
capcity Pilot Plant
v100% Extractability Good Quality Oil
vLow Phosphorus Content (<20 ppm) in the oil
v Expensive Compared to Traditional Solvent
Extraction
vDeoiled cake my be a very attractive source for
good quality protein

April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015

 VALUE ADDITION TO BY-PRODUCTS

Foodgrade Lecithin GUMS Modified Lecithins

Glycolipids

SOAPSTOCK Fatty Acid

Oryzanol ACID OIL Methyl Esters

Triacontanol CRUDE WAX Bleached Wax

Octacosanol

SPENT
Activation of BLEACHING Fatty Acid
Spent Earth EARTH Methyl Ester

Tocopherols DEODORIZER
DISTILLATE Sterols
Tocotrienols

April 12, 2016

 -oryzanol is a naturally occuring component in rice bran and rice germ, consis7ng
of a mixture ve major ferulic acid ester of sterols and triterpene alcohols

BRAIN
Post-menopausal syndrome, An7 stress, Autonomic nerve

SKIN
WHOLE BODY Eleva7on of surface temperature
An7allergenic, Ac7va7on of sebaceous glands
Antoxidant Whitening agent
An7-inammatory
METABOLISM
STOMACH Hypolipidemic, Hypocholesterolemic
An7-ulcer, Centrally ac7ng An7-colon cancer
stomach movement

April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015

 vCrude rice bran oil contains 1-2% of Oryzanol

vRice bran oil soap-stock, a byproduct in RBO

chemical refinery contains 3-4% of Oryzanol

vSoap-stock contains gums, waxes, pigments

etc. difficult to handle

vCSIR-IICT Developed Technology to isolate

oryzanol in enriched form from such complex
matrix Employing Solvent Fractionation/Soap
Noodles

April 12, 2016

 CSIR-IICT developed Synthetic oryzanol (>95% Purity: a mixture of
campesterol, stigmasterol and -Sitosterol ferulates)- Prepared from
Phytosterols Isolated from Soya DOD (Lab Scale)

Campesterol Stigmasterol -Sitosterol

q Syrian hamsters: Lipid profile (TC, TAG, HDL-C and LDL-C) and Body
weights assessed on weekly interval basis.
q B o t h N a t u r a l & S y n t h e t i c O r y z a n o l E x h i b i t e d S i m i l a r
Hypocholesteremic activity
APPLICATIONS
FOOD (98% pure) Soft Capsules, tablets, fortification with vegetable
oil and other food products.
COSMETICS (5% in emulsified form) Soap, Facial Wash, Shampoo,
Lotion, lip balm, lipsticks etc.
April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015
 RICE BRAN WAX

- 3-6% In crude oil

- By-product obtained during dewaxing

Oil: 20-70%

CRUDE Free fatty acids: 0-20%

WAX
Wax: 25-65%

Resinous matter: 5-12%

April 12, 2016

 RICE BRAN WAX
Crude rice bran wax
Organic solvent

Resinous Matter Upgraded Wax Oil

Bleaching agent
BLEACHED WAX
Indian and Japanese Patents

Applications:
Paper coating, Polish (floor, furniture, shoe), Fruit & Vegetable
coatings, Adhesives, Greases, Electric insulation, Water proofing,
Lubricants, Carbon paper, Printing inks, Type writer ribbons, Textile &
Leather sizing, Candles, Cosmetics, Chewing gums, Pharmaceuticals

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

M.P. (C) A.V. S.V. I.V.
Bleached rice bran wax (IICT-H) 79-80 0-5 75-90 8-15
Rice bran wax (FDA specifications) 75-80 20 (max) 75-120 20 (max)
Carnauba wax 83-86 3-8 72-85 8-12

April 12, 2016

 HYDROGENATED WAX

Crude Rice Bran Wax

H2 / Catalyst
Hydrogenated wax

Applications: Shoe and Floor Polishes, Candles,

Additive in Tyre Manufacture, Pharmaceuticals,
Cosmetics etc.

Product Specifications: Melting Point, 78 - 80C; A.V:

Depends on the A.V. of Crude Wax; Iodine Value, 10-15

April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015

 PROCESS FOR TRIACONTANOL / OCTACOSANOL
(POLICOSANOL) FROM RICE BRAN WAX
Crude Rice Bran Wax Triacontanol is useful for stimulating
(Oil + Wax) growth in a wide variety of plants,
Defatting including agricultural crops such as
corn, soybean, wheat, rice and
Oil tomatoes
Defatted Wax
O Oral preparations containing 0.5-5%
( )n O ( )n of a mixture of higher fatty alcohol
C44 to C60 formulations were reported to be
Saponification useful for the treatment of hyper
Soap c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a a n d
O hyperlipoproteinemia
( )n OH
( )n ONa +
Octacosanol can block the formation
Soxhlet Extraction
of cholesterol in the liver
Soap
In addition to preventing the
Policosanol
formation of cholesterol, octacosanol
( )n OH can also help to clear the blood of
(C30, 25 to 30%; C28, 10-15%) "bad" cholesterol that is already
present

April 12, 2016

 COMPOSITION OF POLYCOSANOL / OCTACOSANOL

Sugar Cane Wax Rice Bran Wax

1-Octacosanol - 60-70 15-20
1-Triacontanol - 10-15 25-30
1-Dotriacontanol - 5-10 15-20

April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015

 PHOSPHOLIPID: A NEGLECTED MOLECULE IN INDIA

India producing about 9.5 lakh tones of rice

About 20,000 tons potential for rice bran le

No industry is producing rice bran lec

country

Lecithin (not even soya lecithin) Not yet in

NUTRACEUTICAL in the country

As on today Phospholipid is a neglected

April 12, 2016
 India producing about 9.5 lakh tones of rice bran
oil

About 20,000 tons potential for rice bran lecithin

No industry is producing food grade rice bran

lecithin in the country

Lecithin (not even soya lecithin) Not yet introduced

as NUTRACEUTICAL in the country

As on today Phospholipid is a neglected molecule

in the country

Extra-ordinary potential to exploit rice bran lecithin

globally as it is superior to soybean lecithin
April 12, 2016
 COMPOSITION OF RICE BRAN GUMS / LECITHIN

Glycolipids & Minor Constituents

(1 to 5%)

Oil GUMS Phospholipids

(35 to 50%) (LECITHIN) (50 to 65%)

Free fatty acids

(Vary depending on crude oil)

Composition of lecithin varies depending on the source of crude oil and

processing conditions of degumming
April 12, 2016
 PHOSPHOLIPID CONTENT & COMPOSITION OF SOME
SELECTED VEGETABLE OILS

Source % in oil PC PE PI
(%) (%) (%)

Soybean 2-4 20-22 21-23 18-20

Rice Bran 1-2 20-23 18-20 6-7
Rapeseed 1-2 20-25 15-22 15-18
Sunflower 0.5-1.0 42-65 30-46 21-37
Groundnut 0.4-0.5 45-50 14-18 20-22
Cottonseed 1-1.5 34-36 20-24 20-22
Palm 0.5-0.7 25.30 30-35 20-25

April 12, 2016

 APPLICATIONS OF LECITHIN

FOOD

BAKING

NUTRACEUTICAL & PHARMACEUTICALS

COSMETICS

AQUACULTURE

ANTIOXIDANT

April 12, 2016

 GLOBAL SCENERIO LECITHIN USASGE

Commercial lecithin is currently available in more than

40 formulations

Margarine 25-30%
Baking/Chocolate & Ice cream 25-30%
Technical Products 10-20%
Cosmetics 3-5%
Pharmaceuticals 10-12%

Major Usages as:

Emulsifying, Dispersing, Wetting, Penetrating, Modifying,
Crystal Formation, Anti-dusting & Anti-oxidizing agent

April 12, 2016

 MAJOR PHOSPHOLIPIDS PRESENT IN LECITHIN
O O
CH2OCR1 CH2OCR1
O O
CH O CR2 CH O CR2
O O
+ +
CH2O-P-O-CH2CH2N(CH3)3 CH2O-P-O-CH2CH2NH3
O O
Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine

O
CH2OCR1
O
CH O CR2
O OH OH
CH2O P O
OH HO
OH
OH
Phosphatidylinositol

R1 and R2 = C15 = C17

Hydrocarbon chains

April 12, 2016

 WHY RICE BRAN LECITHIN IS UNIQUE?

Fatty acid (wt %)

Lecithin
16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3
Soybean
20.5 4.9 20.2 48.9 5.5
Lecithin
Rice bran
22.1 1.8 41.8 31.8 2.5
Lecithin
Rice bran
18.2 1.5 43.5 35.1 1.7
Lyso lecithin

Rice bran lecithin More Oxidative Stability

due to Less PUFA

Rich in Nutraceuticals: Contains Oryzanol,

Tocopherol, Tocotrienol, Steryl Esters etc.

April 12, 2016

 CONSTRAINS FOR MAKING GOOD QUALITY
RICE BRAN LECITHIN

vConsiderable amounts of fines and metallic impurities are

present in the crude rice bran oil

vGums contaminated with fines if degumming is done without

proper filtration of oil

vFines effect the purity and functional properties of lecithin

vChemical Refining: Only gum conditioning and the gums are

separated along with soap stock No Lecithn!!

vPhysical Refining: If Phosphoric acid degumming is practiced,

lecithin is contaminated with phosphoric acid; Gums cannot be
used as a source of lecithin due to the presence of acidic/basic
contaminants
April 12, 2016
 HOW TO PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY LECITHIN?
vTo remove fines and metallic impurities by adopting suitable
methodologies in the solvent extraction plant

vTo use proper filtration methods using efficient micronic

filters to removed the fines and unwanted impurities from crude
oil before degumming as the lecithin produced is used for food
applications

vTo adopt water degumming method to remove hydratable

phospholipids

vWater degummed oil to subject to enzymatic degumming to

remove remaining hydratable and non-hydratable gums
Consumption of low amounts of enzyme

vJOIN HANDS WITH CSIR-IICT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF

HIGH QUALITY FOOD GRADE RICE BRAN LECITHIN

April 12, 2016

 LECITHIN AND LYSO LECITHIN

CRUDE OIL
Water Degumming

Degummed Oil
Wet Gums
Phospholipase A1
Removal of water

Lecithin Wet Lyso Gums Degummed Oil

(contains 35-50% oil) (with low P)
Removal of water

Lyso Lecithin
(Contains 25- 30% oil)
April 12, 2016
 RICE BRAN LYSOLECITHIN

By-product of Rice Bran Oil Enzymatic Degumming

Process
100 TPD Plant produces around 1 to 1.5 Tons of
Lysolecithin
Contains Less Oil (15-25%) Difficult to Convert into
Soap
Potential Applications Surfactant, Poultry feed

April 12, 2016

 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
RICE BRAN AND SOYA LECITHIN

Property Rice Bran Soya

Acetone Insoluble (%) 50-65 50-65

Hexane Insoluble (%) 1-3 0.1-0.4

Moisture (%) 0.2-0.8 0.2-0.8

Acid Value (mg KOH/g) 25-35 25-30

Color (Gardner Scale) 18+ 18+

Peroxide Value (ppm) 15-20 20-25

Oryzanol and other 1.0-2.0 0.5

nutritional components (%)

April 12, 2016

 RB Lyso-lecithin as a Source of Energy in
Broiler Chicken Diet
Collaborative Studies with Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR)
Proved as Good Energy Suppliment in Broiler Chicken Diet

Trt. No Gum % in diet Body weight (g)

0-21 22-35 21 days 35 days
days days
1 0 0 687.1 1388.2
2 0 2.5 677.5 1391.5
3 0 5 709.7 1421.7
4 2.5 0 760.0 1411.9
5 2.5 2.5 752.5 1457.0
6 2.5 5 741.8 1498.6
7 5 0 766.7 1490.6
8 5 2.5 767.6 1519.1
9 5 5 767.0 1502.5
British Poultry Science, 52 (2011) 769-774

April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015

 VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FROM LECITHIN

CRUDE
LECITHIN

Lecithin
Individual Bleached Enriched with
Phospholipid Lecithin Phospholipids
eg. PE, PC
Microwave-
irradiated
Hydroxylation

Hydroxylated
Lecithin
April 12, 2016
 GLYCOLIPIDS FROM RICE BRAN AND SOYBEAN OIL GUMS

v Glycolipids Potent & Biologically Active Molecules Emerging

area of research
v Vegetable Oil based Glycolipids Information are too sparse
v Polar lipid fraction enriched with glycolipids isolated using
chromatographic techniques at laboratory scale
v IICT Developed a Process for the Isolation of Novel
Phosphoglyceroglycolipid from Crude Rice Bran Oil Gums [US
Patent Number 6,953,849 (2005)]
O

O
R3 O
CH2 H
HO H C O O R1
H O
H
HO H H C O R2
H O
HO
H O P O C H
H
OH

R1, R2, R3, are fatty hydrocarbon chains

vIICT developed a formulation of gene carrying lipids in which

glycolipids of rice bran showed its efficacy in delivering genes
selectively to cancer cells.
April 12, 2016
 DEODORIZER DISTILLATES

Soybean DOD is a good source for fatty

acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols and
phytosterols [DOD contains triglycerides
(35-40%), free fatty acids (40-45%),
tocopherols (1-8%) and sterols (2-10%)]
Exploited for Value Addition

Rice bran oil distillate Not a very good

source for tocopherols, tocotrienols and
phytosterols and not yet exploited for value
addition
April 12, 2016 August 7, 2015
 R1

HO
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
*
R2 O CH3

R3
TOCOPHEROLS
alpha Tocopherol (R1, R2, R3 = Methyl) gamma Tocopherol (R1 = H; R2, R3 =Methyl)
beta Tocopherol (R1, R3 = Methyl, R2 = H) delta Tocopherol (R1, R2 = H; R3 = Methyl)

R1

HO
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
*
R2 O CH3

R3
TOCOTRIENOLS

alpha Tocotrienol (R1, R2, R3 = Methyl) gamma Tocotrienol (R1 = H; R2, R3 =Methyl)
beta Tocotrienol (R1, R3 = Methyl, R2 = H) delta Tocotrienol (R1, R2 = H; R3 = Methyl)

April 12, 2016

 COMPOSITION OF TOCOPHEROLS AND TOCOTRIENOLS (PPM) OF
SELECTED VEGETABLE OILS

Tocopherols (ppm) Tocotrienols (ppm)

Oil

Palm 256 - 316 70 143 32 286 69

Soybean 101 - 593 264 - - - -
Sunflower 487 - 51 8 - - - -
Groundnut 130 - 216 21 - - - -
Corn 112 50 602 18 - - - -
Safflower 387 - 174 240 - - - -
Rice bran 104 - 975 78 40 - 358 54
Wheat germ 1100 440 330 110 - 110 - -

April 12, 2016

 STEROLS
R

HO

Cholesterol
R

-Sitosterol
R

Campesterol
R

Stigmasterol
R

April 12, 2016

 Sterol Content (mg / 100 g) and Composition (%) in Selected Oils

- 5- 7- 7-
Oil Sterols Brassicasterol Campesterol Stigmasterol
Sitosterol Avenasterol Stigmasterol Avenasterol
Canola / 350-840 5-19 22-37 Trace 52-62 2-6 Trace-6 -
rapeseed
Coconut 60-220 Trace-2 6-9 13-19 58-75 4-14 2-6 -
Corn 580- Trace 10-23 Trace-6 61-89 4 1 Trace
1,500
Olive 160-600 1-4 1-2 1-3 80-97 9-12 Trace-4 Trace
Palm 30-260 Trace 14-22 8-13 81-74 2 1 -
Peanut 190-470 Trace-1 10-19 6-12 64-76 Trace-8 2-3 1
Ricebran 350- Traces 14-33 3-15 49-63 5 1 2
1,800
Sesame 190-610 - 8-19 6-31 50-62 3-7 1-2 22
Soybean 150-420 Trace 15-21 10-24 53-72 2-3 2-3 1
Wheat 1,300- Trace 22 Trace 67 6 3 2
germ 2,600

April 12, 2016

 STERYL ESTERS
(Rice Bran Oil Contains ~2-3% Steryl Esters)

O
R-CO
FATTY ACID PORTION STEROL PORTION

Fatty acid Wt (%) Sterol Wt %

14:0 0.4 Campesterol 19.8
16:0 14.3 Stigmasterol 11.2
18:0 1.3 -Sitosterol 54.3
18:1 46.2 Other sterols and 14.7
Triterpenols
18:2 35.2
20:0 1.1
22:0 Tr
24:0 1.6

Cholesterol Lowering Property

April 12, 2016
 SQUALENE

COSMETICS
- Skin Protection creams

PHARMACEUTICALS
- Reduction of Cholesterol & Triglyceride levels
- Cancer Therapy

April 12, 2016

 CONCLUSIONS
v India has taken lot of initiatives for the
Exploitation of Value added Products from
Rice Bran and Rice Bran Oil

v Some Products have already been in the

Market But Long Way to Go

v Rice Bran Oil R&D is full of Challenges and

Opportunities

v Integrated Technology Management is

Essential for the Production of High
Quality Rice Bran Oil and Value Added
By-products from Rice Bran and Rice Bran
Oil
April 12, 2016
 List of Patents of Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-IICT, Hyde
On Refining of Rice Bran Oil and Value added Products
Processing By-products of Rice Bran Oil

Ind. Pat: 22
US Pat: 749
RICE BRAN OIL PHYSICAL Enzymatic Degumming of Rice Bran Oil using Jap. Pat: Ap
REFINING Phospholipase A1 China Pat:
Indonesia P
Vietnam Pa
US Pat: 6,4
Isolation of Gamma oryzanol from Rice Bran Oil
SOAPSTOCK / ACID OIL Jap. Pat: 41
Soap-stock
Ind. Pat: 23
Ind. Pat: 22
Upgradation & Bleaching of Crude Rice Bran Wax
RIC BRAN WAX Jap. Pat: 41
1-Triacontanol from Defatted Rice Bran Wax Ind. Pat: 18
Japan Pat:
Preparation of Phytosteryl Ferulate (Equivalent to Ind. Pat: Ap
SYNTHETIC ORYZANOL
Natural Oryzanol) China Pat:
US Pat: Ap
US Pat. No
Acetylated Lecithin
Ind. Pat.: 22
LECITHIN
US Pat.: 66
April 12, 2016 Hydroxylated Lecithin
 List of Patents of Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad, India
On Refining of Rice Bran Oil and Value added Products from
Processing By-products of Rice Bran Oil
Ind. Pat: 228300 (2006)
US Pat: 7494676 (2009)
Enzymatic Degumming of
RICE BRAN OIL PHYSICAL Jap. Pat: Application pending
Rice Bran Oil using China Pat: ZL03826393.9-356076
REFINING Phospholipase A1 Indonesia Pat: IDP0033123
Vietnam Pat: 1-0008605
US Pat: 6,410,762 (2002)
Isolation of Gamma oryzanol
SOAPSTOCK / ACID OIL Jap. Pat: 4170599 (2008)
from Rice Bran Oil Soap-stock Ind. Pat: 231670 (2009)
Upgradation & Bleaching of Ind. Pat: 228674 (2009)
Crude Rice Bran Wax Jap. Pat: 4125532 (2008)
RIC BRAN WAX 1-Triacontanol from Defatted
Ind. Pat: 184307 (2001)
Rice Bran Wax
Japan Pat: 5730789 (2015)
Preparation of Phytosteryl
Ind. Pat: Application pending (2009)
SYNTHETIC ORYZANOL Ferulate (Equivalent to Natural
China Pat: Application pending (2011)
Oryzanol) US Pat: Application pending (2013)
US Pat. No.: 6,403,344 (2002)
Acetylated Lecithin Ind. Pat.: 227530 (2009)
LECITHIN US Pat.: 6638544 (2003)
Hydroxylated Lecithin Ind. Pat.: 199806 (2006)
Indian Patent 230570 (2009)
Isolation of Glycolipids from
US Patent Number 6,953,849 (2005)
Rice Bran Oil Gums vGums GGG
GLYCOLIPID
Specific Rice Bran Glycolipid
and Phospholipids associated
Indian Pat: Application pending (2012)s
with Cationic Lipid
Formulations

April 12, 2016

 THANK YOU

April 12, 2016