The Passive THE FOOD FILES ICE-CREAM : refrigerated tank for a few hours or overnight. After this, flavours, fruit or colours are ‘ added. The most popular flavours are : vanilla, chocolate and strawberry. ies hot Youre sitting in the While the ice-cream is frozen, it s beaten shade, enjoying your chocolate ice-cream. to keep it smooth, Finally, the half-frozen ‘Well, this is how your favourite dessert ice-cream is put into packages. is made: Now, wasn't that nice? Let’s get one more First, cream, milk and sugar are mixed ice-cream! together and are heated. “Active Passive laid === Sa (itil sss ital fered Gili Aero erentForm To form the passive voice, we use the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb.. > Present simple To form the present simple, we use is/are and the past participle of the main verb. In a question, is/are are used at the beginning of a sentence before the subject. Ina negative sentence, is/are are followed by not. Paper is made from wood. Is paper made from wood? Plastic isn't made from wood. > Past simple In the past simple, we use was/were and the part particle of the main verb. In a question, was/were are used at the beginning of a sentence before the subject. Ina negative sentence, waswere are followed by not. ‘Maria was invited to the party. Was Maria invited to the party? Maria wasn't invited to the party. | > Future simple : Inthe future simple, we use will be and the part particle of the main verb. In a question, will is used at the beginning of a sentence before the subject. In a negative sentence, will is followed by not. The letters will be sent next week. Will the leters be sent next week? The letters won't be sent next week. ‘Use We use the passive voice: > if we are interested more in what happened than in who did it. This castle was built in 1800. We are more interested in the time the castle was built than in who bull it. > if we don't know who did something. Our car was stolen last night. Our car has been stolen but we don't know who did it. Geeere cleo) 1 Complete with is or are. _- watched by children and adults. made from flour and water. 1 The school .......!8....... cleaned every day. 2. Articles ... written by journalists. 3. Dinner .... _.. served at seven o'clock. 4 Computers ... ... used by teachers and students. 5 Football played in most countries in the world. 6 Comedies 7 Bread ......18 (QSssessssss= == 2. Complete with the passive. Use present simple. This programme .|*."2tehed _ (watch) by millions of people. 1 2 Paper ... nx (make) from wood. 3 Hundreds of people (kill) in accidents every year. 4 London ...... (visit) by thousands of tourists every year. 5. The biology laS$ a -ene-nm (teach) by Mr Green. 6 English _.. (speak) all over the world. 7 Lunch ... ... (Serve) at twelve o'clock. B BOOKS enna» (Write) by authors. Read and complete. Use past simple. INVENTIONS! INVENTIONS! | The toothbrush / invent / inthe 15* century toothbrush in the 15" century, The first public basketball game / play /in 1892 The first eyeglasses / wear / in the 1200s The first bicycle / ride /in 1791 The fist hoe dog / eatin the 1860s The first computer mouse / use / in 1964 4 Form the question. Paper is made from wood. The telephone was invented by Mr Bell This picture was painted by Kikki The thieves will be arrested by the police. ‘Champagne is made in France. The letters will be sent next week. The animals are fed three times a day. This article was written by Stanley. CDs are made of plastic ‘The party was organised by Paul. Swear sanaun— 's paper made from wood, Tip In forming the passive voice, both the auxiliary verb to be and the past participle of the main verb are needed (is/are + past participle). Paper is made from wood. Paper made from wood. X All the sentences in Exercise 2 are in the past simple. To form the passive voice, we need ‘was/were and the past participle of the main verb, Three house were destroyed by the fire.To state who did something, we use the preposition by followed by a name (ie. by Peter) or noun (i.e. by the teacher) or pronoun (ie. by him). America was discovered by Christopher Columbus. We don't mention who did something: > if we don’t know who has done what we are talking about. Our car was stolen last night. (Our car has been stolen but we don’t know who did it). > if we are not interested in who has done what we are talking about or itis not important to mention it. He has been taken to hospital. (What we are interested in is the fact that he has been taken to hospital and not who has taken him). > fit is easy to understand who did something without it being mentioned. ‘The murderer was arrested last night. (It is not necessary to mention that he has been arrested by the police because it is self-evident) > if the subject of the active voice sentence is something like somebody, people, they, you, ete. ‘Someone broke the window. The window was broken. Active ~ Passive To change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice: > we use the object of the active voice sentence as the subject of the passive voice sentence. Agatha Christie wrote this book. This book was written by Agatha Christie, > we change the main verb of the active voice sentence into the passive voice. ‘The tense remains unchanged. } If the active voice verb is in the present simple, in the active voice we use the present simple of the auxiliary verb to be (am, is, are) followed by the past participle of the main verb. ‘simple present write ~ is written / are written make ~ is made / are made > If the active voice verb is in the past simple, in the active voice we use the past simple of the auxiliary verb to be (was, were) followed by the past participle of the main verb. simple past wrote — was written / were written made ~ was made / were made > the subject of the active voice sentence is placed after the past participle which is followed by the preposition by (e.g. invited by Peter, written by Carl, etc.) This book was written by Agatha Christie.5 Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. 1 Stanley wrote this article. This article was.written by Stanley. 2. The referee cancelled the match. Thendral aces 3. Firemen wear special uniforms. Special uniforms - ae 4 A famous director made this film. This film ae 6 Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. 1 Someone built this house 200 years ago. This house wae built 200 yeare ago. 2. A thief stole my purse. 3 The police will arrest the robbers. 4 They produce cars in this factory. 5 They serve breakfast at eight o'clock every day. 6 People throw away tonnes of rubbish every day. 7 They make coffee in Brazil. 8 Someone stole Jim's bike last night. 7 Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. 1 They will build a new bridge next year. 2 Brian Brody directed The Ultimate asec Adventure’. 3. Pierre Matie will design her costume. 4. Someone found my wallet. 5 One of the students broke the window. 6 They will deliver my computer on Monday. 7 Mary invited Paul to her bi indy party. 8 British astronomers discovered a new planet. A famous pop star will sing this song. This SONg me A detective found the missing child. The missing child .... Architects design houses. Houses Christopher Colombus discovered America in 1492. a Tip Remember that if the subject of the passive voice is something like somebody, people, they, vou, etc., in the passive voice we do no use by to state who did something because we are not aware of it His car was stolen, His-car-was-stolen-by someone: X Remember that we use by in the passive voice only if we know who did something Charles Dickens wrote ‘David Copperfield”. “David Copperfield’ was written by Charles Dickens.The Passive 8 Read and complete. Use active or passive voice in present tenses. fk. GZ “The Ultimate But | watched ‘The Ultimate Space ‘Adventure’ and | loved it Here's the story: A deadly virus ne)! ip.ereated, (create) by H on Flon. Writing practice ioe a m. (land) Lance Togus and Captain have to catch them Ss lezen Film review. l Cael a crea sti beeor 4 hours to find the antidote. When the ni) br Caran - (tea) | { (now seen on pine Fon but ateraerbie Srere stevia GA) mistake the whole planet (2) Lay (pollute). ae ‘our hero, has got alien | Se YOU more, because you just have, blood and he (3) ess (NO infect) by the virus. The flm (10) oo. (rect) by the famous action film director Brian Brody. Sa 9 Rewrite the underlined parts of the article in passive. You're back home from school. You ‘turn on the lights. You take a cool drink from the fridge and you heat your dinner in the microwave. For people who lived 200 years ago, this would be science fiction! 200 years ago there was no electricity. (1) People hheated houses with a real fire and (2) they lit rooms ‘with candles. (3) Mikenen detivered milk every moming and (4) people stored it in a cool place. (5} They cooked food in the fire place or on a big stove. 200 years ago there was no plumbing! (6) People camied water from the nearest well or fountain and (7) they washed clothes by hand. Then (8) they (10) People used! horse carriages because there were ‘no cars or buses. think I prefer life in the 21%t century, don’t you? LB ETAL Now you can do oral activity 18 (Teacher's Resource File),