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CH4 Recommended Problems PDF

This document contains 5 practice physics problems and their solutions. Each problem involves calculating forces, accelerations, or distances using concepts like Newton's laws of motion, Hooke's law, and gravitational force. The problems cover topics like collisions, springs, rocket thrust, and systems of connected masses. The solutions show the relevant equations and step-by-step workings to arrive at the final numerical answers.

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nomio12
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63 views3 pages

CH4 Recommended Problems PDF

This document contains 5 practice physics problems and their solutions. Each problem involves calculating forces, accelerations, or distances using concepts like Newton's laws of motion, Hooke's law, and gravitational force. The problems cover topics like collisions, springs, rocket thrust, and systems of connected masses. The solutions show the relevant equations and step-by-step workings to arrive at the final numerical answers.

Uploaded by

nomio12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Recommended problems

September 1, 2017

1 Prob 4.17.
A Car leaves the road traveling at 100 km/h and hits a tree, coming to a
stop in 0.14 s . What average force does a seatbelt exert on a 60-kg passen-
ger during this collision?

Sol)
v i =110 km/h , t=0.14 s , m=60 kg
You can use Newtons law. For this problem, the second law F~ = m~a (for
not changing mass). You want to know the force F~ . The mass m is given,
but the acceleration ~a. Therefore we should calculate the ~a. From the defi-
nition of an acceleration,
v f v i 0km/h110km/h
a = vt = t = 0.14s (This is an average acceleration)
You should, of couse, convert units. (Si unit is recommended)
5
1 km/h = 18 m/s
So, a = 2.1 1010 m/s
then, F~ = 1.3 103 kgm/s

2 Prob. 4.39.
A spring with spring constant k = 340 N/m is used to weigh a 6.7-kg fish.
How far does the spring stretch?

Sol)
The Hookes law F~ = k~x. You know the spring constant. but force? The
fish is 6.7kg, so the weight is (6.7kg)(9.8m/s2 )=65.66kgm/s2 =65.66N
65.66N
x= Fx = 340N/m =0.19m=19cm

1
3 Prob. 4.54
A 2.0-kg mass and a 3.0-kg mass are on a horizontal friction-less surface,
connected by a massless spring with spring constant k=180N/m. A 15-N
force is applied to the larger mass, as shown in Fig. 4.24. How much does
the spring stretch from its equilibrium length?

sol)
The masses are moving with a constant acceleration ~a. Let m=2kg, M =3kg.
The Hookes force, f, acting between the masses. Newtons 2nd law
for m : f = ma
for M : F f = M a

F = (M + m)a
a = MF+m
f = ma = Mm+m F = kx
m F 1
x = M +m k = 30 m

4 Prob. 4.59
What engine thrust (force) is needed to accelerate a rocket of mass m (a)
downward at 1.40g near Earths surface; (b) upward at 1.40g near Earths
surface; (c) at 1.40 g in interstellar space, far from any star or planet?

sol)
(a) We should consider the gravitational force. In order to move an ob-
ject upward, the direction of an acting force is, of course, upward. For this
problem, up-direction is positive and down-direction is negative. The grav-
itational acceleration g = 9.8m/s2 .
F mg = ma = 1.4mg
F = 0.4mg

2
(b) At this time, the rocket is downward. But it moves faster than gravi-
taional acceleration. so the force would be downward.
F mg = ma = +1.4mg
F = 2.4mg
(c) There is no gravitation because it is far from any celestial body.
F = ma = 1.4mg

5 Prob. 4.73
Two masses are joined by a massless string. A 30-N force applied vertically
to the upper mass gives the system a constant upward acceleration of 3.2
m/s2 . If the string tension is 18 N, what are the two masses?

sol)
Two masses move upward. That means opposite direction to gravitation.
The free-body diagram can be described as

So we can construct the equations for Newtons 2nd.

F f Mg = Ma
f mg = ma

F , a, f are given. So the equations can be solved.

F f
M= g+a = 0.92kg
f
m= g+a = 1.4kg

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