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Whe tog eno Lace X pe polish Lobel pp gic aisle (X,} CSS 13 ing EN Fine ad op oak gone Migs |x, -X|Ny (4.2.1) a no Late X ys SL Yl Ly jl {x,} ate Gi 13) UF Adie y |X, -X|se data oS of Xen pail Ga fod 16aidloky- 1.2.1 Lhe (Solin SLatol X ee Haylie (X,} A tall oly sll Ale GALS 13} spy HS OL Sey X gs DL Vy Le yy pls pb Lely AS GLAU 5 jy 6.2.1 Gaya CSS Lys Lgl {F(x) = PX X)=1 GS sib ot X,—4Xx F, (x) —> F(x) (11) Joe TCHEBICHEV INEQUALITY ‘ohwmmbiicbbblitd “mmbtbdia 3,1 ONS LS dos Ces ag CLE ong ts Gall al Lie G Gb Ran Lana pe Lege OLY Lol pn Lg BS a eres Lyle” oy edt Lyla olay 3S! eV oti 17dV jai 1.3.1 4Lip jae LOL) ida pb Ligi> Ulo g(X) 9 pisim Jlpne pice X OLS lil P(g(X) 2 k) < Ae 3; k>Oo (1.3.1) oly tite f(x) aiUS lo pte Syne pice X 2 pid Bla) = fetot cade = fetwf(ade+ — fe(a)f, (ade > {xeGe eh} {xe(z) fala (wdx= — hf, (x)dx = kP(g(X) 2 b) {x:a(x)eh} {xe(2)2k) dk gle inilly P(g(X)2k) <= m sla yay CLs) qhie diye pte XU GOLLY Se wl JS dy Cota SASS Stzety asl Aiglie LOB evarX <0" ese ildy EX =p dept (spre (poe X OW 15) 2 PX-w]2s)= P(X-n)* 20") << ; e>0 (2.3.1) ou (2.8.1) BI Je ot (1.8.1) BY R=e? 5 eX) =(X-p)? eo» 18aiplole, rol Ls, Oy = {|X -n]> J UX -n] <6} OPS lite (|X -p]0 E> caro Bey 1 P({|X - »| 4 pee ESN SS OLb pee als OX lp te ste Jot on pan ny lan ge oe Guile Oil Al Ubl g i Ji Of dap X ly te patie och le Galt ahead les Of 4A Se bee Lib clas Y Lilall oday X Crjgi pk cL Vy gee Hy OH Linney pS Ble (3.3.1) Het Gb oa Gil OY YL YI ta fs Lagi Y (8.3.1) Latall of (223) girsi 19dV pal 1.3.1 Jui eed days cp Led Clea ad nae Deliay ope BT Word La 6 SI) ode ee ST Pin Upemm (Xy Xp yer X,) Hyde Lye Viel ta} C4 an be Lill § bell 4 ob 0.95 Ge ab Y JL pity LS Debs 10.1 go BL P ye ed JS se i py ed X= 12.40 2 pS WX, 1g dale & ye ed Be I CSL 1X, 0 Cm atl tall slp tal Lill § Lyall Ole gh owe X= DX, Sy diye CALS 1 HEAD Oped eyed emery ade yn gp Lash AE Di <0a] 2095 ; EX=p nm Xx AE -pi< 01] = P(x - np| < O.n) > nr P(X - np|20.1n) <1-095=0.05 __..... qd) teed alee ay ry P(|X -np|2 0an) < 22% - Pa a. ay “(Oin)? (O1n)? ~~ (ln)? WF (2) « (1) Lyliny “pas r0Y 25 < 0.05 > n 2500 n 3.3.1 JL ated e Soh A Sold yy gb UL atl te 4 LW 6S) 20alglole cnet Coby ad y ll a eld iw 11,55 1000 B.A Ga) yy gh Ole one 0.97 ge Jub Y JL 600 5 400 Ro We SS GA SoD yy gh ol a XS ped Aw y All a EX = np = 500 5 varX =npq = 250, n=1000 of Ls tet Ryle P(X - EX| 1- aon? 7097 eco shall yoy tedeasaudal | B yaesSI) ahaa) Qgikd 4.1 THE WEAK LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS 33 jp) Gite Ligles I] Lileyy Lady Liked) ail Le pe of BSS LEY O gl5 Syst CLiall ops SE codtel we pln ay phy Ly HI ON jal ey GLI 3 SUI aLLENI O giLS Gye are) Lae ph ope Le proms, cloth Lake Ryo AO yiLall ey ash call eC Opel yy oh iy eel bp SH ste Ogls 21.4.1 Gy SMe old at Lgl {X,} as el ola + ee pe J pt tb) Cai 15) Gea 8p SI tim (| 3x, -2 ex, 0 (1.4.1) noe ng nydsVi jaa Cheat By) wae) gy gill ida dae 1.4.1 Tchebichev Theorem aciegetS Ae ye 1.4.1 Le yo bee ge i XX Kee pte Oly tell lee GILT 13] OL} co CYL atin do ytiey Lge varX,=07 5 i= OLA aby uno Sx, 2 Sax 0 (2.4.1) nS n4 noe oly sQlthy Ue Xp FH 12,04 lpia yop ae w(thx)-3 (3.3.1 LI) beet Luke (phe (eLay 21-—> 8? ne? 4 ino Lae og bi Ug el, Lira un PES, 1S ex, ce} Ray gllall RY le fevered ety jybeny Of Ke Y Uae vi of Ley 12.4.1) SASS 5 pf Lae le SLM Walt J} SLE nad y 22,. 1< 1< effin tbe =)=0 3; 6>0 (3.4.1) Lay (flys pe ee ¥ = 2¥x, dow ll of LAS isl welt sla = VEX, et jase 1S x, 1355 (2.4.1) Of (EX, =p; i=1,2,.., IIS Wd) dole MSy um lS, -p me \In& <<=1 3 €>0 (4.4.1) el eid OL pt gL att daa ll paid lo ant ny SF ne Sn A ail Bae 3K 0 tid Jlh AB ae Line Lou ated pF xe, qllell le SU Jat obey pill ail 1) ha gl GLH dau gall dep 1.4.1 Ju TALS y ca Glo jd Wak aie OleLd XX y,...X, CO I Ss -2S, -a)? rybenel Se Je 8 =F E(%-9)" fo? GSS y pid jler sll lol ty ai aS 1OLS 13} co? J dy piv 4S GS? jlacl yKe lim P((s? -o ‘|0 (5.4.1) n no oy! hy ke fy ten Gt fe pipe pice X slael Ke x=>Xx, , 24alo, ci NPS GA Sad g pay ol ate syle Slpte pie Xp Ce ead le g=l-p yp JL eb 0,1 nied (ope of r0f Le, EX;=p , var X, = past 3a nL (14.1) tae Gobes ase 1s p <¢a1 3 6>0 (6.4.1) n'y n 25dyVl jaa dg nS AN SS) BA Galt yy gb Oly ote X Of Gee oy hw X=>x, » &EX;,;=P, , varX, = p,q; s+ 1 i By NSS 9 A Sot 5 4b Ol ote X,5 1512... Oe celal gle ead (1.4.1) Gta Lae Gey Chgratall 5 yeast ocd) Cy gill LigSjbe die 4.4.1 Markov’s Theorem BS ys nye 24.4.1 Lee TOLLS {X,} Ag tall ol psa Uke GALS" 13 ig lim var +35 x,) =0 noe ns 20s €>0 (7.4.1) . 1< 1¢ timex, 28 ex, ne WIS y Gate te Genres D yg Lat ll oe bee OLE Ke bgt gate Mit KX Kye Atl tall oly ILS 13] diols Bypeall le 2 BL bs op . {1 tin( 2, $varx,) =0 nol n? & BS jlie ae pe ope Lael he (14.1) ete Line of Ld 26alpdloba Gonill BysSI1 waned Qed 5.1 THE STRONG LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS ane by CF anal 8S ote Ob of (4.1) tl Gg Lal, om DL YY Gylis a ah dl lp i he de ge of oe Bye CALE gy Se Je LO den oper SUN SI fondly Lb dad gall pail Laue gin “fi, /X, ~2D4, ,n = 12.-} ola lt Ls J 1 Sp 8p SI alae Wd gikiy laey Gl pl y 1.5.1 dys 3S eV Og avat UL {X,} ash tall ol peel! ler ge J yd yt ee ae LAL S680 5 E> 0 YK Lege OIF If 5a bts Gis GF iy A IX, - SEX, isl 0 (2.5.1) T € 27Us pail Kalmagorov Theorem By PLANT Muay 11.5.1 de th) GA cg te gts ats {X} Lt) Ol peal ler CAI 13] EM ~ |. A + 8 (3.5.1) +B 3S sae old) aa Lele Goris Mine {XA} Alp tah oh all lice Cl Hf eld le ein Bp SU) se OSL at LA ce CL oly a pt OLULG Oy ight +6 9) PLS Eo fees stl 8p SU ole o sly abel LUI cuted gto Tey 9 ALI (eS pa Uy ate gts al Ah yell Ol sell oye Nee {XP Ca 13)” Gee Gy FSU) alte o gli ate oda aad (SI GIy pjdU! bail of “EX, =p bai gll Wall opry Q CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS ‘“jSyhN algal) GaGayae 6.1 ALU J age) Oly al oy lat fila Ggishll Gti 9 La Ol patel a lhl jal of Lay QL YI Mle ge hall Gay digae Bas y i gl ad Ga Y del ll & io ye Al yl ait 2 OY Bg liad Gal te pt de yi sno Linke oY, = FX, slp tall pall aaj gets gull JL) i=l 28aliioke, eng Late Let Jt y celiee lf Loe tale Lingll ops Le yatl ony AB Ol tell le te yall al by tl ged ny STM al no Lake predll aigll SY, Leet Jab eS Xi Ky pp Sy aN gh) ol ps te (X,} oy SS ote KX, SS gli dl) Hs ll Lui EX, =m, « varX, = 07; i=1,2,... ine) BY, = my, = Som, « var¥, =o}, = Sof Liss apt atest Lie pl pL ey ot al Sef ste, HY, J bal U5 pA ALS SM CF OL Ky KX, A all Ol tell OL gg tis Ga Oh eX, tall ol till gle Lae y ple Las byt OF 1Y, Ue pe no Laue «N(my, 0%) pada oj igi gh yt Aayuay 138 pall Ayigill Lia yee 1.6.1 Liapounov Central Limit Theorem HAY byt Gad alt Ol piel os Dts (X,} CALS 13 sayy EX, =m, ,i=12,.. ll i 1 oye y varX; = 0751512... oats .2 apory E(x, -my') ASU EM ops Lael SW pypal 3 ya(x.-m) 4 lim ++—____—__ = 0 (1.6.1 "(Set)" i=l 29UV jail -N(my, 0%, ) etl il dE ee = PX, Et i obs isl SS oti ill OLS US Ba OSG Late cy bay in oo Laue -N(my,,97,) x Y, 100 (L6.1) Seyi bps y+» don 2 lim—i_=0 (2.6.1) “Yel fa Bhp pel JSG foe XK, sh te nite LT ls of ey Way ee pli a spel Lay Vy gilt ep tpte tues Les ¥, = OX, ied BAY of ¢ SLytsll oe ob OX, atl ol ad OL dL! dae y OY, ght pric yl ole Lat tae a+ Un JSON Lean oe KX, Ap tall oll pe pete GT, ¢ pat dopey V dk . Y, -m, - rll i al Lak ak 2, LZ, = pty Y, wb pS n 0555 Late cg jal Fall odie fii WS clin o SU SLE Vy chine Oy phd dap OLY) Ge ba) Hie foal 3 GIS Lol Ub Gg LGU) Sy OL Op sla Yl olinks bil AI Lgl J] LO Yl Lyd bby aU Wats ai al ah tl) Site os Ut (XK, } ILS 13 a wholy flr! jst we# 11 bopory EX; =m, i=1,2,.. Vogl i .2 doy ys varX,; =0", i=1,2,... oats .3 30ate er tetlytall pall aj yi Ob Z, =72 : Y,=¥x, Ee DX, smo Late NOL) syrodl pada oj DS! oe oly Oh (yo i) Gey Me X, 1212)... Stl ol ial of Le, Leal Lay yay ai (X, -m,); 1=1,2,... pda) ol pelt (X,-m,) gyal ped 35 LW 9, (D5 §= 12. eA Z, asp AN F(x) Sty eZ, ipsa paca jee) UW 9, 5 aim lye petal) Bp UU OLS i jal NN Gol gle tLe n oo: gi) 24 pay eio=0(—t] 5 i=12,.. ovn 1)? -0-|9(=5] OLS Sp leo? yO Lae hy JY ae SM ep Of ey o,() =1- 50% + oft?) t o/vn 4 at Jazely 31dsV pail! )- £ i , Rut) n ola Gtlyy At t fol ys eb, lim R(n,t) =0 of o> 2 i" ot) -[:-5 Bee] n we 4 nro bas nd bil a ib, lp lime, (=e 7 2of sl «.N(0,1) SabeAM carla ay jp peal UI Yo Le olay lim F,(2)= 7 Je ef dz-0(2) OL 4 8S 1 09S Lake cons May F(z)=@(z); -w 0.90 n Legare tlpete Lae Laie Cait dae te pili pale Col ty 2 dg La Loge ee Dal jyleny VW JL! oly Ja GL" So pled Ripa mm ph Ld (0.59 pe os sLeall SLAY ops 25 antl yt io = 0.2 golell Gi Aly EX=1 politi ands Spano pace X 3 aly tl VL a3) wt A={05 pl oH U ell g pole Hy bl ad WL ts ple Jad of bh 7/1 JLEY aS OF AF pS 152 el odin Lids Of one 150 op fil oY! Sail pome O 9S ah eal ot eel Alls de 3p SN ate OL dG ada 5 Ke fee BA OYUN Ge 5 8X) Xy te os Wl a) P(X,=42")=2° | P(X, =0)=1-2" 1 1 5) P(X,=4ak)=55 Mee 1 0 PXy=a)= Pky a1 Ser k k+1 D PKema= + MXee-a- 2 Ga) G Lib y fit 200 Jbl 4 cata Go Ge} Gg Jarl oly cane 15] Abb 100 pepe ot OS OF Lael dor sf cd 9M! 0.515 gs sling 53 3Yy Scot OLy cake 13) di ye Ly pnd inne 1), 55 625 Lal 5 Sd Of JLab gh 0.8 syle y cult 1,5 f° GA walst gb Lay ee Sls pe A 2 yp gli) cgenll 1 St) G14 OS 10.06 c© bey, Y caallalt pt tye Le Co 61 elne cL} 9 a 4S 35 -10Vi jail! Kigles Bey 17 le Lal oie yt of UL! pe Leb cn = 1100 TASM de ee Lg pos I VLE 4 180 g JLad yes flye of ls 11 VL op 85 Bb Ct ely Ls 5 Le Ley of oe sy peat al oh yt La of J pill Se a Lyd place coll JM UU Spas oy Rhy Lid gol fh tall tps 5s is XX... o SI 12 Spa plat OL, Cade U3) dap ne SL gts yl ee ole Ogls Gadi Ke figs LY C, = E(x, -m,)(X; -m;)] Fadl oie le 5p SI sgllptall petted) Bjeall AS ge 13 ¥(X, - EX,) Yy. = hel ahs ol el OLY ede IB) en > co Lente Lal oe gh tely dlool ¢ jy5 Uy din X4,Xp,... an =e? ; m! P(X, =m) «=O... SPS 0.25 Led yin Ly td ISG FS GA att yp gb JLo! 14 Vb y pill Ay el) 155 300 Lee A watt 5 gb JLo! G75 1 Fo 100 cr fily 85 yr St? 36Ledete 1.2 olLajg 4} dS] elo clic yl 3 pind po ple die Gig Flys SM) Ld stl y dake OL ant nai Up te Ol ice Skye gf F350) Cait diye Qove of gf dgle Lyla s JIS sl Lae ite a LS gles (58) (ea UE g JL YI Jip ses of) yah Aw a5 acy (aL dotee sf Ladi Bey) 0 Layber pe ike ct Re Lad FL con geet Cait (Law gh Le oxen OS hy tl ia) ast aj ty 8 Leaked as Lys Lad Lika WILEY ole jl GIS ode 3 paar) Abr YW olay) yl ode dol ym dey pall G25 0 Lingle pb Lede te cy eh) JL YI jl peu (statistical model) lerYi cS ye3L, vast of glen yh JLin yl Qari 2 SU Klan Sal pit Uf pall Ke Gig cet 53 Gay OLS le jy Ole LA ely polis elie Tip JS atlad! poe i J] WALZ Yl Le . B(n,0) 2 I ns coe jal AN cgulall dae pt” slimy a tay a pated y Lindel ser Yl Co Oe Ue int ah yl LE A yal pot ope Leck Caney GUI E dlp taall pill dan 37galpail ecole) Gedo Meiooys cileaill pau 2.2 SOME SPECIAL STATISTICAL DISCRETE MODELS cpl pliner! Gg Label lary cod af idl Ke gy pu Mliedad OWE y Bjeall drole Glam T3 yf SS Gis Bernoulli Model isles Clg 1.2.2 Ua Line GILT Nf dip Copa ee OE lpte pie pe JL JS oe eae” f(xj0)= 0701-6)" ; x=01 ; OsO<1 (1.2.2) tues [Ol] spa 9 SP deli of Sey dagle pe O Of due dg Class Ute {f (38) ; 0s 03} LE) € BOLO) Ss ssc . BOLO) 2 dyin chp Le pyy Sas Cyd ae Ef BYO) Lay ret pe & Cass otlsy Slam! aaj ge de feat 0 J die Lad YS Lie LD 0 dager pb tales, Cail ll @ OS cay lof ALI a Lee thy (LE Lage Uy La 26) = B(L0,) SH jue Oy o-S4y & Quist ¢ Eg& 2 BOO) G3; Bp abl Ny ol aly Ad ll LA Uy 13) hd spt cle (40) 9 Vos B,g=8 , Veé=0(1-8) ; o(t;0)= if +0(e" - | (2.2.2) 38delblitlan Wc Sledl fam oy! 9(t;0) = E,e"® = Yeo (-@)'* 0 =[1+e(e* -1)]=[a-0)+6e"] TOYLY lt ys WLS yg, = 1 0k) = ie! t Ot fn t 1 3?9(t;6) 1, Eel Pot — 1 jit 6 ae pie Vie = E,e? -(B,6)’ = 0-0" = (1-8) =6 t=0 =6 lt=0 des OLAL LB atl ne yl PA LL LS 1 Copal Wa pty PAL yy gb Jeet 0 of) (A yy 4h) yp eb pre gf A Sad! yp gb Lie Soin A ylee, 65 WA oie fry (A) =1 ¢ E(A) = 0 0pSy cA vais tl 5 chpee Liat ch pail Lie eu) (Bernoulli trial) Binomial Model Capa ghgigd 2.2.2 Lape CALS 13, td 63 gdp eH YE slp ke pate ype SLi 1 FYLS Lot dis f(x;n,0) =C70*(1-8)"* 5 x=OL.uun 3 OsSOS1 (3.2.2) pF 168 Cptele te Le yy « B(n,0) col VLA bale py gles 0555 key ple JSuty ceases USS mn gs nes sp te pois E OLS UL Sp ai is pany Fy A ALS Nb ee yin yd SG my din Uy 39