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Round Bar Flat Bar Angle Double Angle: Cross-Section

The document discusses tension members used in steel structures. It lists common cross-sectional shapes used as tension members such as round bars, channels, angles, and W-sections. It then explains that the strength of a tension member is controlled by either yielding of the gross area, failure on the net area, or block shear failure through fasteners. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the net area of a member with holes for fasteners. The effect of staggered holes on net area is also discussed.

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erwin sarmiento
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53 views11 pages

Round Bar Flat Bar Angle Double Angle: Cross-Section

The document discusses tension members used in steel structures. It lists common cross-sectional shapes used as tension members such as round bars, channels, angles, and W-sections. It then explains that the strength of a tension member is controlled by either yielding of the gross area, failure on the net area, or block shear failure through fasteners. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the net area of a member with holes for fasteners. The effect of staggered holes on net area is also discussed.

Uploaded by

erwin sarmiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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T hese are found predominantly as members of pla

trusses (2D & 3D), as members in transmission towers and as wi


bracing (single or double) for single story or high rise steel structu
Among the common shapes used as tension members:
Round bar Flat bar Angle Double angle

Channel Double Latticed W-section


channel channels (wide-flange)

Cross-section of typical tension members.


members of plane or space
wers and as wind
se steel structures.

Double angle Starred angle

S-section Built-up box


(American sections
Standard)
ion members. T-1
The strength of a tension member is controlled by the l
of the following limiting states:
T
Net Gross
Area (A n ) Area (A g )
A) Yielding of the Gross Area (A g ):

F n =F y A g

B) Failure (Ultimate strength) on the Net Area (A


F n =F u A e

Where A e = effective net Area = UA


U = Reduction Coefficient.
C) Block Shear Failure through the end bolt:
led by the lowest

n ):

T
T-2
A hole is drilled (or punched) by 1/16 inch greater then
the normal diameter of the fastener (rivet or bolt). Hole
punching causes some damage to the edges of the
hole to the amount of 1/32 inch from each side.
Thus the equivalent hole diameter
bolt diameter 1 1
### ###
bolt dia. ###
inch.
###
inch greater then
vet or bolt). Hole
e edges of the
ach side.

1
32

T-3
Example (T1):
What is the netn area A for the tension member
as shown in the
? figure
Plate 1 4 (inches)
4
T
Solution: A
= 4(0.25)
Width = 1.0
to be sq in. for hole
deducted
A
=
7[W 0.25


or the tension member

Standard Hole for a 3 -in. diam bolt.


4
T

34


0.78sq.in.
T-4
For a group of staggered holes along the tension direc
must determine the line that produces smallest Net Ar
EFFECT OF STAGGERED HOLES ON NET AREA :-

A
Paths of failure T T
on netabove
In the sectiondiagram: B (a)
p = Pitch or spacing along bolt line
s = Stagger Between two adjacent bolt lines
(usually s = P/2)
g = gage distance transverse to the loading.
In case (a) above : A n = (Gross width hole dia.) . t

In case (b) above : A n = (Gross width hole dia.+ s


e tension direction, one
mallest Net Area.

A
p p
T g T
p C Bs (b)

hole dia.) . t
hole dia.+ s 2 /4g) . t T-5

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