SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SERAT OPTIK
I. PENDAHULUAN
KOMUNIKASI adalah transfer informasi dari satu
titik ke titik yang lain.
Jarak, diperlukan suatu sistem.
FIBER OPTIK
1. FIBER OPTIK
Fiber Optic adalah media transmisi informasi
yang terbuat dari serat kaca dan plastic yang
menggunakan bias cahaya dalam mentransmisikan data
sehingga memiliki kecepatan transfer data yang
sangat cepat.
The General System
The General Communication System
Information source Transmitter
(modulator)
Transmission
Medium
Receiver
Destination (demodulator)
The General System
The Optical Fiber Communication System
Information source Electrical Optical
Transmit Source
Optical Fiber
Receiver Optical
Destination (demodulator) Detector
Optical Fiber Advantages
6
Weight and Size
Fiber cable is significantly smaller and lighter than electrical cables to do the
same job
Material Cost
Fiber cable costs significantly less than copper cable for the same transmission
capacity
Information Capacity
Recently, bit-rates of up to 14 Tbit/s have been reached over a single 160 km
line using optical amplifiers
No Electrical Connection
Electrical connections have problems:
Ground loops (in a conductor connecting two points that are supposed to be at the
same potential, often ground, but are actually at different potentials) causing noises
and interferences
Dangerous (must be protected)
Lightning poses a severe hazard
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Optical Fiber Advantages (Cont)
7
No Electromagnetic Interference
Because the connection is not electrical, you can neither pick up nor
create electrical interference (the major source of noise)
Longer distances between Regenerators (hundreds of
kilometers)
Open Ended Capacity
The maximum theoretical capacity of installed fiber is very great (almost
infinite)
Better Security
It is possible to tap fiber optical cable. But it is very difficult to do and the
additional loss caused by the tap is relatively easy to detect
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Optical Fiber Elements
8
Core
Carries the light signal (pure silica glass and
doped with germanium)
Cladding
Keeps light signal within core (Pure Silica
Glass)
Coating
Protects Optical Fiber From Abrasion and
External Pressures (UV Cured Acrylate)
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Mengapa cahaya bisa bergerak sepanjang
serat optik?
9
Karena ada fenomena Total
Internal Reflection (TIR)
TIR dimungkinkan dengan
membedakan indeks bias (n)
antara core dan clading
Dalam hal ini ncore > ncladding
Memanfaatkan hukum Snellius
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Remembering Snellius
10
ncore > ncladding
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Critical angle
Atthe critical angle we know that equals 90 and sin
90 = 1 and so
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for rays where 1 is less than a critical value then the ray will
propagate along the fiber and will be bound within the fiber
(Total Internal Reflection)
where the angle 1 is greater than the critical value the ray is
refracted into the cladding and will ultimately be lost outside the
fiber
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Numerical Aperture (NA)
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Light Modes
14
Can be as few as one mode and as many as tens of
thousands of modes
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Fiber Transmission Windows (Bands)
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Transmitter Light Sources
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Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Used for multimode: 850 nm or 1300 nm
Wide beam width fills multimode fibers
Wider spectrum (typically 50 nm)
Inexpensive
Cannot modulate as fast as lasers
VCSELsVertical Cavity Surface Emitting
Laser
Used for multimode at 850 and 1300 nm
Quite narrow spectrum
Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)
Much less expensive than FP or DFB lasers
Fabry-Perot (FP) and Distributed Feedback
(DFB) Lasers
Used for singlemode: 1310 nm or 1550 nm
Narrow spectrum (can be less than 1 nm)
Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)
Highest power and fastest switchingMost expensive
(especially DFB)
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Salah satu cara untuk
mengidenifikasi konstruksi kabel
optik adalah dengan menggunakan
perbandingan antara diameter core
dan cladding. Sebagai contoh
adalah tipe kabel 62.5/125.
Artinya diamater core 62,5 micron
dan diameter cladding 125 micron
Contoh lain tipe kabel:50/125,
62.5/125 dan 8.3/125
Jumlah core di dalam satu kabel
bisa antara 4 s.d. 144
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Klasifikasi Serat Optik
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Berdasarkan mode gelombang cahaya yang
berpropagasi pada serat optik
Multimode Fibre
Singlemode Fibre
Berdasarkan perubahan indeks bias bahan
Step index fibre
Gradded index fibre
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Tipe konstruksi FO
1. Loose Tube Cable
2. Tight buffered cable
Jenis konektor Fober Optik
1. SMA konektor
2. SC konektor
3. ST Konektor
4. FC konektor
Jenis Serat Optik
1. Single Mode
2. Multi Mode
JARINGAN LOKAL AKSES FIBER
Jarlokaf adalah jaringan akses yang menggunakan
secara bersama suatu antarmuka jaringan dan di
implementsikan menggunakan serat optik.
1. FTTC (Fiber To The Crub)
2. FTTB ( Fiber To The Building)
3. FTTH (Fiber To The Home)
4. FTTT (Fiber To The Tower)
Arsitektur dan topologi FTTx
PENYAMBUNGAN SERAT OPTIK
1. Peleburan (Fusion Splice )
Penyambungan dilakukan
dengan menyolder ujung-ujung
kedua serat optik yang
disesuaikan posisinya.
2. Penyambungan Mekanis
Penyambungan mekanis
menggunakan elemen biasa dan
teknik ini diterapkan di
lapangan.
PEMBAHASAN
1 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Fiber To The Home merupakan suatu format
penghantaran isyarat optis dari pusat penyedia
(Provider) ke kawasan pengguna dengan menggunakan
serat optik sebagai medium penghantarnya
ELEMEN JARINGAN FTTH
