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Subnetting & Supernetting Guide

The document discusses subnetting and supernetting. It provides figures that illustrate subnetting concepts such as using subnet masks to split an IP address into a network portion and subnetwork portion. The figures also demonstrate how subnetting creates a hierarchical structure and allows a network to be divided into multiple subnets and subnetworks. Variable-length subnetting is introduced as another subnetting technique.

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Miguel Liceaga
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136 views12 pages

Subnetting & Supernetting Guide

The document discusses subnetting and supernetting. It provides figures that illustrate subnetting concepts such as using subnet masks to split an IP address into a network portion and subnetwork portion. The figures also demonstrate how subnetting creates a hierarchical structure and allows a network to be divided into multiple subnets and subnetworks. Variable-length subnetting is introduced as another subnetting technique.

Uploaded by

Miguel Liceaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Chapter 5
Subnetting and
Supernetting
Subnetting
Masking
Examples of Subnetting
Variable-Length Subnetting
Supernetting

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-1

Figure 5-1 A network with two levels of hierarchy (not subnetted)

141.14.2.105
141.14.2.21
141.14.2.20 141.14.7.96
141.14.7.95

To the rest of Network


the Internet R1
141.14.0.0
141.14.22.64
141.14.7.44
141.14.22.9 141.14.22.8

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-2

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-2 A network with three levels of hierarchy (subnetted)

141.14.2.21 141.14.2.105
141.14.2.20

141.14.7.96 141.14.7.45
141.14.2.0 141.14.7.44

To the rest of Subnetwork


the Internet R1 141.14.7.0
Subnetwork
Subnetwork
141.14.22.0

141.14.22.8 Site
141.14.22.9 141.14.22.64 141.14.0.0

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-3

Figure 5-3 Addresses in a network with and without subnetting

141 . 14 . 2 . 21
Netid Hostid
Network access Host access

a. Without subnetting

141 . 14 . 2 . 21
Netid Subnetid Hostid
Subnetwork access Host access

b. With subnetting

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-4

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-4 Hierarchy concept in a telephone number

( 408 ) 864 - 8902


Area code Exchange Connection

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-5

Figure 5-5 Masking

141.14.2.21
Mask 141.14.0.0
IP address 255.255.0.0 Network address

a. Without subnetting

141.14.2.21
Mask 141.14.2.0
IP address 255.255.255.0 Subnetwork address

b. With subnetting
Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-6

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-6 Applying bit-wise and operator to achieve masking

141.14.2.21
IP 10001101 00001110 00000010 00010101
address

Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000


141.14.0.0
Network
address 10001101 00001110 00000000 00000000
a. Without subnetting
141.14.2.21
IP 10001101 00001110 00000010 00010101
address

Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000


141.14.2.0
Subnetwork
address
10001101 00001110 00000010 00000000

b. With subnetting
Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-7

Figure 5-7 Special addresses in subnetting

Subnetid Hostid
Any All 0s
Subnetwork address

Any All 1s
Broadcast to all hosts in a specific subnet

All 0s Any
Subnetid all 0s

All 1s Any
Subnetid all 1s

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-8

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-8 Masks in example 1

Mask 255.0.0.0

Netid Hostid
11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
a. Without subnetting

Mask 255.255.192.0

Netid Subnetid Hostid


11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000
b. With subnetting

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-9

Figure 5-9 Range of addresses in example 1

Special addresses Special addresses


(hostid all 0s) (hostid all 1s)

X.0.0.0 X.0.0.1 ...


Special addresses (subnetid all 0s)

X.0.63.254 X.0.63.255

1st subnet X.0.64.0 X.0.64.1 ... X.0.127.254 X.0.127.255

2nd subnet
..
X.0.128.0 X.0.128.1 ... X.0.191.254
..
X.0.191.255

1022nd subnet
.
X.255.128.0 X.255.128.1 ... .
X.255.191.254 X.255.191.255

X.255.192.0 X.255.192.1 ... X.255.255.254 X.255.255.255


Special addresses (subnetid all 1s)

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-10

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-10 Subnetworks in example 1

X.0.64.2 X.0.127.254
X.0.64.1
...
X.0.64.0
Subnetwork X.0.128.2 X.0.191.254

To the rest of
X.0.128.1
...
the Internet R1 X.0.128.0
Subnetwork
...
X.255.128.2 X.255.191.254

Site
X.255.128.1
...
X.255.128.0
X.0.0.0 Subnetwork

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-11

Figure 5-11 Mask in example 2

Mask 255.255.0.0

Netid Hostid
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
a. Without subnetting

Mask 255.255.240.0

Netid Subnetid Hostid


11111111 11111111 1111 0000 00000000
b. With subnetting

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-12

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-12 Range of addresses in example 2

Special addresses Special addresses


(hostid all 0s) (hostid all 1s)

X.Y.0.0 X.Y.0.1 ...


Special addresses (subnetid all 0s)
X.Y.15.254 X.Y.15.255

1st subnet X.Y.16.0 X.Y.16.1 ... X.Y.31.254 X.Y.31.255

2nd subnet
..
X.Y.32.0 X.Y.32.1 ... X.Y.47.254
..
X.Y.47.255

14th subnet X.Y.224.0


. X.Y.224.1 ... X.Y.239.254 X.Y.239.255
.
X.Y.240.0 X.Y.240.1 ...
Special addresses
X.Y.255.254 X.Y.255.255

(subnetid all 1s)

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-13

Figure 5-13 Subnetworks in example 2

X.Y.16.2 X.Y.31.254
X.Y.16.1
...
X.Y.16.0

Subnetwork X.Y.32.2 X.Y.47.254

To the rest of
R1
X.Y.32.1
...
the Internet X.Y.32.0
Subnetwork
...
X.Y.224.2 X.Y.239.254

Site
X.Y.224.1
...
X.Y.224.0
X.Y.0.0 Subnetwork

McGraw-Hill
Forouzan Notes
COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
5-14

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-14 Masks in example 3

Mask 255.255.255.0

Netid Hostid
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
a. Without subnetting

Mask 255.255.255.224
Netid Subnetid Hostid
11111111 11111111 11111111 111 00000
b. With subnetting

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-15

Figure 5-15 Range of addresses in example 3

Special addresses Special addresses


hostid all 0s hostid all 1s
Special addresses

1st subnet
X.Y.Z.0 X.Y.Z.1 ...
subnetid all 0s

... X.Y.Z.30 X.Y.Z.31

2nd subnet
X.Y.Z.32

..
X.Y.Z.64
X.Y.Z.33

X.Y.Z.65 ... X.Y.Z.62


X.Y.Z.94
X.Y.Z.63

..
X.Y.Z.95

. ... .
...
6th subnet X.Y.Z.192 X.Y.Z.193 X.Y.Z.222 X.Y.Z.223

X.Y.Z.224 X.Y.Z.225 X.Y.Z.254 X.Y.Z.255


Special addresses
subnetid all 1s

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-16

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-16 Subnetworks in example 3

X.Y.Z.34 X.Y.Z.62
X.Y.Z.33
...
X.Y.Z.32

Subnetwork X.Y.Z.66 X.Y.Z.94

To the rest of
X.Y.Z.65
...
the Internet R1 X.Y.Z.64
Subnetwork
...
X.Y.Z.194 X.Y.Z.222

Site
X.Y.Z.193
...
X.Y.Z.192
X.Y.Z.0
Subnetwork

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-17

Figure 5-17 Variable-length subnetting

Site 62 hosts
X.Y.Z.0

62 hosts

First mask
255.255.255.192

62 hosts

30 hosts
Second mask
Router 255.255.255.224
30 hosts

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-18

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-18 Supernetwork

First class C address Second class C address

X.Y.32.254 X.Y.33.1
X.Y.32.2 X.Y.33.253
X.Y.32.1 X.Y.33.254

To the rest of Supernetwork


the Internet
R1
X.Y.32.0
X.Y.35.254 X.Y.34.1
X.Y.35.253 X.Y.34.2
X.Y.35.1 X.Y.34.254

Fourth class C address Third class C address

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-19

Figure 5-19 Supernet mask


Netid Hostid
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Netid Subnetid Hostid


11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000

a. Subnetting 4 subnets out of


1 network

Netid Hostid
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Supernetid Hostid
11111111 11111111 111111 00 00000000

b. Supernetting 1 supernet out


of 4 networks

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-20

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-20 Two ways of defining a supernet

X.Y.32.0 , 255.255.252.0

Same
X.Y.32.0 , 1024

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-21

Figure 5-21 Example of supernetting

X.Y.33.4 X.Y.39.12
xxxxxxxx yyyyyyyy 00100001 00000100 xxxxxxxx yyyyyyyy 00100111 00001100

11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000

xxxxxxxx yyyyyyyy 00100000 00000000 xxxxxxxx yyyyyyyy 00100100 00000000


X.Y.32.0 X.Y.36.0

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-22

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-


Slides from TCP/IP - Forouzan

Figure 5-22 CIDR

Default Network Next hop


mask address address
255.255.255.0 X.Y.32.0 ...........
255.255.255.0 X.Y.33.0 ...........
255.255.255.0 X.Y.34.0 ...........
255.255.255.0 X.Y.35.0 ...........
.. .. ..
. . .
a. Routing table without supernet mask
Default Network Next hop
mask address address
255.255.252.0 X.Y.32.0 ...........
.. .. ..
. . .
b. Routing table with supernet mask

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-23

Forouzan Notes COSC 6377 - Fall 2000 5-

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