Atal Bihari Vajpayee-
Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior
Engineering Mathematics I (AS101)
Exercise I
1. Express v = (1, 2, 5) in R3 as a linear combination of the vectors u1 = (1, 1, 1), u2 = (1, 2, 3),
u3 = (2, 1, 1).
2. Express the polynomial v = t2 + 4t 3 in P (t) as a linear combination of the polynomials
p1 = t2 2t + 5, p2 = 2t2 3t and p3 = t + 1.
3. Express M as a linear combination of the matrices A, B, C, where:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 7 1 1 1 2 1 1
M= and A = ,B = ,C =
7 9 1 1 3 4 4 5
4. Let R+ be the set of all positive real numbers. Dene the operations of addition and scalar
multiplication as follows:
u + v = u v, u, v R+
u = u , u R+
Prove that R+ is a real vector space.
5. Which of the following subsets of R4 are vector spaces for coordinate-wise addition and scalar
multiplication?
The set of all vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) R4 , such that:
(a) x4 = 0 (b) x1 = 1 (c) x2 > 0
(d) x3 0
2 (e) x21 < 0 (f) 2x1 + 3x2 = 0
(g) x1 + 3 x2 3x3 + x4 = 1
2
6. Which of the following subsets of P are vector spaces?
The set of all polynomials p such that:
(a) degree of p n (b) degree of p = 3
(c) degree of p 4 (d) p(1) = 0
(e) p(2) = 1 (f) p (1) = 0
(g) p has integral coecient (h) degree of p 4 and p (0) = 0.
7. Let V = R3 . Which of the following sets are subspaces of R3 :
(a) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 0} (b) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x21 + x22 + x23 1}
(c) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 x2 = 0} (d) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : xx12 = 2}
(e) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : 2x1 = 3x2 } (f) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x3 is an
integer}
(g) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 + x3 0} (h) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 = 2x2 and x3 = 3x2 }
(i) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 = 2x2 or x3 = 3x2 } (j) {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 2x2 = x3 23 x3 }
8. Let S = {(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 1), (4, 5, 2)}. Determine which of the following vectors are in [S]:
(a) (0,0,0) (b) (1,1,0) (c) (2,-1,-8) (d) (-1/3, -1/3, 1/3) (e) (1,0,1) (f) (1,-3,-5).
1
9. Let S = {x3 , x2 + 2x, x2 + 2, 1 x}. Determine which of the following polynomials are in [S]:
(a) 2x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 7 (b) x4 + 7x + 2 (c) 3x2 + x + 5
(d) x3 23 x2 + x2 (e) 3x + 2 (f) x3 + x2 + 2x + 3.
10. What is the span of:
(a) x-axis and yaxis in R3 ?
(b) x-axis and xyplane in R3 ?
(c) xy-plane and yzplane in R3 ?
(d) xaxis and the plane x + y = 0 in R3 ?
11. Which of the following subsets S of R3 are LI?
(a) S = {(1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 0), (5, 1, 2)}
(b) S = {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3)}
(c) S = {(1, 1, 2), (3, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3)}
(d) S = {(1, 5, 2), (0, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0)}
(e) S = {(1/2, 1/3, 1), (0, 0, 0), (2, 3/4, 1/3)}
12. Which of the following subsets S of R4 are LD?
(a) S = {(1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1, 1)}
(b) S = {(1, 1, 2, 0), (1, 1, 2, 0), (3, 0, 0, 1), (2, 1, 1, 0)}
(c) S = {(1, 1, 1, 0), (3, 2, 2, 1), (1, 1, 3, 2), (1, 2, 6, 5), (1, 1, 2, 1)}
(d) S = {(1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4), (0, 0, 2, 0), (1, 2, 0, 1), (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4)}
(e) S = {(1, 2, 3, 0), (1, 7, 3, 3), (1, 1, 1, 1)}
13. Which of the following subsets S of P are LI?
(a) S = {x2 1, x + 1, x 1}
(b) S = {1, x + x2 , x x2 , 3x}
(c) S = {x, x3 x, x4 + x2 , x + x2 + x4 + 1/2}
(d) S = {x2 4, x + 2, x 2, x2 /3}
14. Consider the set C(0, ), the set of all real values continuous functions. Which of the following
subsets S of C(0, ) are LI?
(a) S = {x, sin x, cos x}
(b) S = {sin2 x, cos 2x, 1}
(c) S = {sin x, cos x, sin(x + 1)}
(d) S = {ln x, ln x2 , ln x3 }
(e) S = {x2 ex , xex , (x2 + x 1)ex }
