Short
notes
on
webpage
programming
languages
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
HTML
stands
for
Hyper
Text
Markup
Language
HTML
is
a
markup
language
A
markup
language
is
a
set
of
markup
tags
The
tags
describe
document
content
HTML
documents
contain
HTML
tags
and
plain
text
HTML
documents
are
also
called
web
pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
HTML
tags
are
keywords
(tag
names)
surrounded
by
angle
brackets
like
<html>
HTML
tags
normally
come
in
pairs
like
<b>
and
</b>
The
first
tag
in
a
pair
is
the
start
tag,
the
second
tag
is
the
end
tag
The
end
tag
is
written
like
the
start
tag,
with
a
forward
slash
before
the
tag
name
Start
and
end
tags
are
also
called
opening
tags
and
closing
tags
Syntax
for
a
basic
html
page:
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My
name
is
..</h1>
<p>My
first
paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
Example Explained
The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type
The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
HTML Hyperlinks (Links)
The
HTML
<a>
tag
defines
a
hyperlink.
A
hyperlink
(or
link)
is
a
word,
group
of
words,
or
image
that
you
can
click
on
to
jump
to
another
document.
When
you
move
the
cursor
over
a
link
in
a
Web
page,
the
arrow
will
turn
into
a
little
hand.
1
The
most
important
attribute
of
the
<a>
element
is
the
href
attribute,
which
indicates
the
link's
destination.
By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:
An
unvisited
link
is
underlined
and
blue
A
visited
link
is
underlined
and
purple
An
active
link
is
underlined
and
red
HTML Link Syntax
The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:
<a
href="url">Link
text</a>
The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.
Example:
<a
href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit
W3Schools</a>
HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src
Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source".
The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
<img
src="url"
alt="some_text">
Example:
<img
src="smiley.gif"
alt="Smiley
face
What is CSS?
CSS
stands
for
Cascading
Style
Sheets
Styles
define
how
to
display
HTML
elements
Styles
were
added
to
HTML
4.0
to
solve
a
problem
External
Style
Sheets
can
save
a
lot
of
work
External
Style
Sheets
are
stored
in
CSS
files
JavaScript is a Scripting Language
A
scripting
language
is
a
lightweight
programming
language.
JavaScript
is
programming
code
that
can
be
inserted
into
HTML
pages.
JavaScript
code
can
be
executed
by
all
modern
web
browsers.
JavaScript
is
easy
to
learn.
What is XML
XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
XML is designed to transport and store data.
XML is important to know, and very easy to learn
Classic ASP - Active Server Pages
Active
Server
Pages
(ASP),
also
known
as
Classic
ASP,
was
introduced
in
1998
as
Microsoft's
first
server
side
scripting
engine.
ASP
is
a
technology
that
enables
scripts
in
web
pages
to
be
executed
by
an
Internet
server.
ASP
pages
have
the
file
extension
.asp,
and
are
normally
written
in
VBScript.
If
you
want
to
learn
Classic
ASP
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
is
a
new
ASP
generation.
It
is
not
compatible
with
Classic
ASP,
but
ASP.NET
may
include
Classic
ASP.
ASP.NET
pages
are
compiled,
which
makes
them
faster
than
Classic
ASP.
ASP.NET
has
better
language
support,
a
large
set
of
user
controls,
XML-
based
components,
and
integrated
user
authentication.
ASP.NET
pages
have
the
extension
.aspx,
and
are
normally
written
in
VB
(Visual
Basic)
or
C#
(C
sharp).
User
controls
in
ASP.NET
can
be
written
in
different
languages,
including
C++
and
Java.
When a browser requests an ASP.NET file, the ASP.NET engine reads the file, compiles and executes
the scripts in the file, and returns the result to the browser as plain HTML.
What is PHP?
PHP
is
an
acronym
for
"PHP
Hypertext
Preprocessor"
PHP
is
a
widely-used,
open
source
scripting
language
PHP
scripts
are
executed
on
the
server
PHP
costs
nothing,
it
is
free
to
download
and
use
What is a PHP File?
PHP
files
can
contain
text,
HTML,
CSS,
JavaScript,
and
PHP
code
PHP
code
are
executed
on
the
server,
and
the
result
is
returned
to
the
browser
as
plain
HTML
PHP
files
have
extension
".php"
3
What Can PHP Do?
PHP
can
generate
dynamic
page
content
PHP
can
create,
open,
read,
write,
and
close
files
on
the
server
PHP
can
collect
form
data
PHP
can
send
and
receive
cookies
PHP
can
add,
delete,
modify
data
in
your
database
PHP
can
restrict
users
to
access
some
pages
on
your
website
PHP
can
encrypt
data
With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash
movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.
Why PHP?
PHP
runs
on
various
platforms
(Windows,
Linux,
Unix,
Mac
OS
X,
etc.)
PHP
is
compatible
with
almost
all
servers
used
today
(Apache,
IIS,
etc.)
PHP
supports
a
wide
range
of
databases
PHP
is
free.
Download
it
from
the
official
PHP
resource:
www.php.net
PHP
is
easy
to
learn
and
runs
efficiently
on
the
server
side
What is SQL?
SQL
stands
for
Structured
Query
Language
SQL
lets
you
access
and
manipulate
databases
SQL
is
an
ANSI
(American
National
Standards
Institute)
standard
What Can SQL do?
SQL
can
execute
queries
against
a
database
SQL
can
retrieve
data
from
a
database
SQL
can
insert
records
in
a
database
SQL
can
update
records
in
a
database
SQL
can
delete
records
from
a
database
SQL
can
create
new
databases
SQL
can
create
new
tables
in
a
database
SQL
can
create
stored
procedures
in
a
database
SQL
can
create
views
in
a
database
SQL
can
set
permissions
on
tables,
procedures,
and
views
SQL is a Standard - BUT....
Although SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard, there are different
versions of the SQL language.
4
However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all support at least the major commands (such
as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE) in a similar manner.
Note:
Most
of
the
SQL
database
programs
also
have
their
own
proprietary
extensions
in
addition
to
the
SQL
standard!
Using SQL in Your Web Site
To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:
An
RDBMS
database
program
(i.e.
MS
Access,
SQL
Server,
MySQL)
To
use
a
server-side
scripting
language,
like
PHP
or
ASP
To
use
SQL
to
get
the
data
you
want
To
use
HTML
/
CSS
RDBMS
RDBMS
stands
for
Relational
Database
Management
System.
RDBMS
is
the
basis
for
SQL,
and
for
all
modern
database
systems
such
as
MS
SQL
Server,
IBM
DB2,
Oracle,
MySQL,
and
Microsoft
Access.
The
data
in
RDBMS
is
stored
in
database
objects
called
tables.
A
table
is
a
collection
of
related
data
entries
and
it
consists
of
columns
and
rows.
