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Autotransformer Fault Calculations

This document provides an impedance worksheet and calculations for a 400kV transformer. It calculates positive and zero sequence impedances for the transformer and connected system. It then uses these values to determine fault currents for 3-phase and line-to-ground faults on the high voltage and low voltage sides. For each fault, it calculates the fault current and determines the resulting currents in each transformer winding and in the neutral/tertiary winding.

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Rajnarayan Karmaker
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533 views11 pages

Autotransformer Fault Calculations

This document provides an impedance worksheet and calculations for a 400kV transformer. It calculates positive and zero sequence impedances for the transformer and connected system. It then uses these values to determine fault currents for 3-phase and line-to-ground faults on the high voltage and low voltage sides. For each fault, it calculates the fault current and determines the resulting currents in each transformer winding and in the neutral/tertiary winding.

Uploaded by

Rajnarayan Karmaker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Auto-Transformer Impedance Worksheet

For: Example Transformer

INPUT DATA HV 400 kV Test Impedances on common base


XV 230 kV
TV 33 kV MVA base = 100

Transformer Positive Sequence Nameplate Impedances Converted to per unit

Measured Shorted Open Transformer Per Unit %Z


Impedance From Winding Winding %Z MVA base

ZHX H X T 15.00 520 +j 0.02885 +j 2.885


ZHT H T X 20.00 70 +j 0.28571 +j 28.571
ZXT X T H 15.00 70 +j 0.21429 +j 21.429

Transformer Zero Sequence Test Impedances

Measured Shorted Open Transformer pu %Z


Impedance From Winding Winding %Z MVA base

ZHX0 H X T 13.00 520 +j 0.02500 +j 2.500


ZHT0 H T X 17.00 70 +j 0.24286 +j 24.286
ZXT0 X T H 13.00 70 +j 0.18571 +j 18.571

CALCULATIONS

Equivalent Positive Sequence Star Leakage Impedances pu %Z

ZH1 = 1/2(ZHX + ZHT - ZXT) 0.05014 +j 5.014


ZX1 = 1/2(ZHX + ZXT - ZHT) -0.02129 +j -2.129
ZT1 = 1/2(ZHT + ZXT - ZHX) 0.23558 +j 23.558

Equivalent Zero Sequence Star Leakage Impedances pu %Z

ZH0 = 1/2(ZHX0 + ZHT0 - ZXT0) 0.04107 +j 4.107


ZX0 = 1/2(ZHX0 + ZXT0 - ZHT0) -0.01607 +j -1.607
ZT0 = 1/2(ZHT0 + ZXT0 - ZHX0) 0.20179 +j 20.179
System Parameter

Base = 100 MVA

System 400 kV

Connected to H
Z1sys = Z2sys = +j 5.0 %
Z0sys = +j 17.0 %

Z1sys = Z2sys = +j 0.050 pu


Z0sys = +j 0.170 pu

Transformer Positive Sequence Impedances from Impedance Worksheet

ZH1 0.0501 pu
ZX1 -0.0213 pu
ZT1 0.2356 pu

Transformer Zero Sequence Impedances from Impedance Worksheet

ZH0 0.0411 pu
ZX0 -0.0161 pu
ZT0 0.2018 pu
Positve Sequence Network of System & Transformer

For 3 Phase Fault on "H":

Z1 = Zsys, H side ll (ZH1 +ZX1+Zsys, X side)


Z1 = 0.0316 pu
If = 31.6487 pu
I fault 3 phase = 3165 MVA 4.568 kA

For 3 Phase Fault on "X":

Z1 = Zsys, X side ll (ZX1 +ZH1+Zsys, H side)


Z1 = 0.0331 pu
If = 30.2268 pu
I fault 3 phase = 3023 MVA 7.588 kA

Zero Sequence Network of System & Transformer


For Line to Ground Fault on "H" side

Z1 = Z2 = +j Z1sys, H side ll Z1sys, X side + ZX1+ZH1


Z1 = Z2 = +j 0.05 ll 0.09 =

Z0 = + j Z0sys, H side ll [(Z0sys, X side + ZX0) ll ZT0 + ZH0]


+ j 0.170 ll ( 0.1839 ll 0.202
+ j 0.170 ll ( 0.0962 + 0.041
+ j 0.170 ll 0.1373 =

I1 = I2 = I0 = 1/(Z1+Z2+Z0) = 1/(2*Z1+Z0)
I1=I2=I0 = 7.187 pu 1.03734
3I0 = 21.56 pu 3.1120

Ifault L-G = 3.11 kA

For Line to Ground Fault on "X" side:

Z1 = Z2 = Z1sys, X side ll Z1sys, H side + ZH1 + ZX1


Z1 = Z2 = 0.057 ll 0.0788 =

Z0 = + j Z0sys, X side ll [(Z0sys, H side+ZH0) ll ZT0 + ZX0]


+ j 0.200 ll 0.2111 ll 0.202
+ j 0.200 ll 0.1032 + -0.016
+ j 0.200 ll 0.0871 =

I1 = I2 = I0 = 1/(Z1+Z2+Z0) = 1/(2*Z1+Z0)
I1=I2=I0 = 7.884 pu 1.97914
3I0 = 23.652 pu 5.93741

Ifault L-G = 5.94 kA


230 kV

X
+j 5.7 %
+j 20.0 %

0.057 pu
0.200 pu
ZH1
+ j 0.0316

ll ZT0 + ZH0]
+ 0.041 )
)
+ j 0.0760

kA
kA

+j 0.0331

ll ZT0 + ZX0]
+ ZX0

+j 0.0607

kA
kA
Winding Currents for L-G Fault on "H" side:

I = common winding current = IH - IX


IN = current in grounded neutral = IfH - IfX

Assume fault is a phase "a" to ground fault:


then IaF = 3*I0 = 3.11 kA

H side system contribution:

I1 = I2 = 1.0373 X 0.63194
I0 = 1.0373 X 0.44678
Ia fault = 1.77 kA

H side Transformer contribution:

I1 = I2 = 1.0373 X 0.36806
I0 = 1.0373 X 0.55322
Ia fault = 1.34 kA

X side Transformer contribution:

HV/XV
I1X = I2X = 1.739 X 0.368063 X
I0X = 1.739 X 0.28941 X
Ia fault = 1.85 kA

Tertiary Current

I1 = I2 = I0 = 0.26380 X 1.0373 X

Tertiary Current direction is: OK

Neutral Current

Neutral Current -0.51 kA


Neutral Current direction is: Down
Winding Currents for L-G Fault on "X" side:

I = common winding current = IX - IH


IN = current in grounded neutral = IfX - IfH
Assume fault is a phase "a" to ground fault:

then IaF = 3*I0 = 5.94 kA

X side system contribution:

I1 = I2 = 1.9791 X 0.58041
I0 = 1.9791 X 0.30336

Ia fault = 2.90 kA

X side Transformer contribution:

I1 = I2 = 1.9791 X 0.41959
I0 = 1.9791 X 0.69664

Ia fault = 3.04 kA

H side Transformer contribution:

XV/HV
I1H = I2H = 0.575 X 0.419592 X
I0H = 0.575 X 0.34049 X

Ia fault = 1.34 kA

Tertiary Current

I1 = I2 = I0 = 0.35616 X 1.9791 X
I1 = I2 = I0 = 2.84

Tertiary Current direction is: OK

Neutral Current

Neutral Current 1.7 kA


Neutral Current direction is: Up
= 0.66 kA
= 0.46 kA

= 0.38 kA
= 0.57 kA

I1
1.0373 = 0.66 kA
1.0373 = 0.52 kA

(HV/1.732)/TV
7.0 = 1.92 kA
= 1.15 kA
= 0.60 kA

= 0.83 kA
= 1.38 kA

1.9791 = 0.48 kA
1.9791 = 0.39 kA

(LV/1.732)/TV
4.0 = 2.84 kA

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