4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

TinyXML-2

TinyXML-2 is a simple, small, efficient, C++ XML parser that can be easily integrated into other programs.

The master is hosted on github: https://github.com/leethomason/tinyxml2

The online HTML version of these docs: http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/

Examples are in the "related pages" tab of the HTML docs.

What it does.
In brief, TinyXML-2 parses an XML document, and builds from that a Document Object Model (DOM) that can be
read, modified, and saved.

XML stands for "eXtensible Markup Language." It is a general purpose human and machine readable markup
language to describe arbitrary data. All those random file formats created to store application data can all be
replaced with XML. One parser for everything.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML

There are different ways to access and interact with XML data. TinyXML-2 uses a Document Object Model (DOM),
meaning the XML data is parsed into a C++ objects that can be browsed and manipulated, and then written to disk
or another output stream. You can also construct an XML document from scratch with C++ objects and write this to
disk or another output stream. You can even use TinyXML-2 to stream XML programmatically from code without
creating a document first.

TinyXML-2 is designed to be easy and fast to learn. It is one header and one cpp file. Simply add these to your
project and off you go. There is an example file - xmltest.cpp - to get you started.

TinyXML-2 is released under the ZLib license, so you can use it in open source or commercial code. The details of
the license are at the top of every source file.

http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 1/7
4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

TinyXML-2 attempts to be a flexible parser, but with truly correct and compliant XML output. TinyXML-2 should
compile on any reasonably C++ compliant system. It does not rely on exceptions, RTTI, or the STL.

What it doesn't do.

TinyXML-2 doesn't parse or use DTDs (Document Type Definitions) or XSLs (eXtensible Stylesheet Language.)
There are other parsers out there that are much more fully featured. But they are also much bigger, take longer to
set up in your project, have a higher learning curve, and often have a more restrictive license. If you are working
with browsers or have more complete XML needs, TinyXML-2 is not the parser for you.

TinyXML-1 vs. TinyXML-2

TinyXML-2 is now the focus of all development, well tested, and your best choice unless you have a requirement to
maintain TinyXML-1 code.

TinyXML-2 uses a similar API to TinyXML-1 and the same rich test cases. But the implementation of the parser is
completely re-written to make it more appropriate for use in a game. It uses less memory, is faster, and uses far
fewer memory allocations.

TinyXML-2 has no requirement for STL, but has also dropped all STL support. All strings are query and set as 'const
char*'. This allows the use of internal allocators, and keeps the code much simpler.

Both parsers:

1. Simple to use with similar APIs.

2. DOM based parser.
3. UTF-8 Unicode support. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8

Advantages of TinyXML-2

1. The focus of all future dev.

2. Many fewer memory allocation (1/10th to 1/100th), uses less memory (about 40% of TinyXML-1), and faster.
3. No STL requirement.
4. More modern C++, including a proper namespace.
5. Proper and useful handling of whitespace

Advantages of TinyXML-1

1. Support for some C++ STL conventions: streams and strings

2. Very mature and well debugged code base.

Features
Memory Model

An XMLDocument is a C++ object like any other, that can be on the stack, or new'd and deleted on the heap.

However, any sub-node of the Document, XMLElement, XMLText, etc, can only be created by calling the appropriate
XMLDocument::NewElement, NewText, etc. method. Although you have pointers to these objects, they are still
http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 2/7
4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

owned by the Document. When the Document is deleted, so are all the nodes it contains.

White Space

Whitespace Preservation (default)

Microsoft has an excellent article on white space: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms256097.aspx

By default, TinyXML-2 preserves white space in a (hopefully) sane way that is almost compliant with the spec.
(TinyXML-1 used a completely different model, much more similar to 'collapse', below.)

As a first step, all newlines / carriage-returns / line-feeds are normalized to a line-feed character, as required by the
XML spec.

White space in text is preserved. For example:

<element> Hello, World</element>

The leading space before the "Hello" and the double space after the comma are preserved. Line-feeds are
preserved, as in this example:

<element> Hello again,

World</element>

However, white space between elements is not preserved. Although not strictly compliant, tracking and reporting
inter-element space is awkward, and not normally valuable. TinyXML-2 sees these as the same XML:

<document>
<data>1</data>
<data>2</data>
<data>3</data>
</document>

<document><data>1</data><data>2</data><data>3</data></document>

Whitespace Collapse

For some applications, it is preferable to collapse whitespace. Collapsing whitespace gives you "HTML-like"
behavior, which is sometimes more suitable for hand typed documents.

TinyXML-2 supports this with the 'whitespace' parameter to the XMLDocument constructor. (The default is to
preserve whitespace, as described above.)

However, you may also use COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE, which will:

Remove leading and trailing whitespace

Convert newlines and line-feeds into a space character
Collapse a run of any number of space characters into a single space character

http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 3/7
4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

Note that (currently) there is a performance impact for using COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE. It essentially causes the
XML to be parsed twice.

Error Reporting

TinyXML-2 reports the line number of any errors in an XML document that cannot be parsed correctly. In addition, all
nodes (elements, declarations, text, comments etc.) and attributes have a line number recorded as they are parsed.
This allows an application that performs additional validation of the parsed XML document (e.g. application-
implemented DTD validation) to report line number information in it's errors.

Entities

TinyXML-2 recognizes the pre-defined "character entities", meaning special characters. Namely:

&amp; &
&lt; <
&gt; >
&quot; "
&apos; '

These are recognized when the XML document is read, and translated to their UTF-8 equivalents. For instance, text
with the XML of:

Far &amp; Away

will have the Value() of "Far & Away" when queried from the XMLText object, and will be written back to the XML
stream/file as an ampersand.

Additionally, any character can be specified by its Unicode code point: The syntax &#xA0; or &#160; are both to the
non-breaking space character. This is called a 'numeric character reference'. Any numeric character reference that
isn't one of the special entities above, will be read, but written as a regular code point. The output is correct, but the
entity syntax isn't preserved.

Printing

Print to file

You can directly use the convenience function:

XMLDocument doc;
...
doc.SaveFile( "foo.xml" );

Or the XMLPrinter class:

XMLPrinter printer( fp );
doc.Print( &printer );

Print to memory
http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 4/7
4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

Printing to memory is supported by the XMLPrinter.

XMLPrinter printer;
doc.Print( &printer );
// printer.CStr() has a const char* to the XML

Print without an XMLDocument

When loading, an XML parser is very useful. However, sometimes when saving, it just gets in the way. The code is
often set up for streaming, and constructing the DOM is just overhead.

The Printer supports the streaming case. The following code prints out a trivially simple XML file without ever
creating an XML document.

XMLPrinter printer( fp );
printer.OpenElement( "foo" );
printer.PushAttribute( "foo", "bar" );
printer.CloseElement();

Examples
Load and parse an XML file.

/* ------ Example 1: Load and parse an XML file. ---- */

{
XMLDocument doc;
doc.LoadFile( "dream.xml" );
}

Lookup information.

/* ------ Example 2: Lookup information. ---- */

{
XMLDocument doc;
doc.LoadFile( "dream.xml" );

// Structure of the XML file:

// - Element "PLAY" the root Element, which is the
// FirstChildElement of the Document
// - - Element "TITLE" child of the root PLAY Element
// - - - Text child of the TITLE Element

// Navigate to the title, using the convenience function,

// with a dangerous lack of error checking.
const char* title = doc.FirstChildElement( "PLAY" )->FirstChildElement( "TITLE" )->
printf( "Name of play (1): %s\n", title );

// Text is just another Node to TinyXML-2. The more

// general way to get to the XMLText:
XMLText* textNode = doc.FirstChildElement( "PLAY" )->FirstChildElement( "TITLE" )->

http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 5/7
4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

title = textNode->Value();
printf( "Name of play (2): %s\n", title );
}

Using and Installing

There are 2 files in TinyXML-2:

tinyxml2.cpp
tinyxml2.h

And additionally a test file:

xmltest.cpp

Simply compile and run. There is a visual studio 2015 project included, a simple Makefile, an Xcode project, a
Code::Blocks project, and a cmake CMakeLists.txt included to help you. The top of tinyxml.h even has a simple g++
command line if you are are *nix and don't want to use a build system.

Versioning
TinyXML-2 uses semantic versioning. http://semver.org/ Releases are now tagged in github.

Note that the major version will (probably) change fairly rapidly. API changes are fairly common.

Documentation
The documentation is build with Doxygen, using the 'dox' configuration file.

License
TinyXML-2 is released under the zlib license:

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable
for any damages arising from the use of this software.

Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter
it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original
software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the
original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

Contributors

http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 6/7
4/10/2017 TinyXML-2: TinyXML-2

Thanks very much to everyone who sends suggestions, bugs, ideas, and encouragement. It all helps, and makes
this project fun.

The original TinyXML-1 has many contributors, who all deserve thanks in shaping what is a very successful library.
Extra thanks to Yves Berquin and Andrew Ellerton who were key contributors.

TinyXML-2 grew from that effort. Lee Thomason is the original author of TinyXML-2 (and TinyXML-1) but TinyXML-2
has been and is being improved by many contributors.

Thanks to John Mackay at http://john.mackay.rosalilastudio.com for the TinyXML-2 logo!

Generated on Sat Jul 15 2017 19:39:36 for TinyXML-2 by 1.8.13

http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/ 7/7