TUTORIAL CHAPTER 4
1. Explain how following speed transitions are carried out.
i) Increase in speed in same direction.
ii) Decrease in the speed
iii) Speed reversal
- The steady state operation takes place when motor torque equals the load
torque. The steady state operation for given speed is realised by the
adjustment of steady state motor speed torque curve such that the motor
and load torques are equal at this speed.
- Change in speed is achieved by varying the steady state motor speed
torque curve so that motor torque equals the load torque at new desired
speed. In figure when the parameters are adjusted to provide speed torque
curve 1, drive runs at the desired speed m1. Speed is changed to m2
when the motor parameters are adjusted to provide speed torque curve 2.
When load torque oppose motion, the motor works as a motor operating in
quadrant I and III depending on the direction of the rotation. When the
load is active it can reverse its sign and act to assist the motion.
- Steady state operation for such a case can be obtained by adding a
mechanical brake which will produce a torque in a direction to oppose
motion. The steady state operation is obtained at a speed for which braking
torque equals the load torque. Drive operates in quadrant II and IV
depending on the direction of rotation.
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2. What do you understand by constant torque drive and constant power drive?
Constant torque drive is the torque loading is not a function of speed. As the
speed changes, the load torque remains constant and the horsepower changes
linearly with speed.
Constant power drive is desired that for a given speed setting,the motor speed
should remain constant as load torque is changed from no load to full load.
3. Explain the operation of a closed loop speed control scheme with inner current control
loop. What are various function of inner current control loop?
The closed loop control operate by controled directly and others it can be
controlled indirectly. Inner current control loop is provided to limit the
converter or motor torque below a safe limit.
4. Describe the operation of closed loop torque control scheme and its application in
battery powered vehicles or rail cars.
The operation of closed loop torque is by Driver presses the accelerator to set
torque references. Through closed loop control of torque, the actual motor
torque follow torque reference. Speed feedback loop is present through the
driver. By putting appropriate pressure on the acceleration,driver adjusts the
speed depending on traffic,road condition,car condition and speed limit.
5. What type of closed loop speed control schemes are used in multimotor drives?
Closed loop speed contol with inner current loop.
6. State and explain different methods of speed sensing?.
Methods of speed sensing is by using tachometer,tachometer is an ac or dc
generator with high order of linearity between its speed and output voltage.
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Tachometers are available to measure speed with an accuracy +-0.1%.But, in
dc drives, speed can be sensed without tachometer when field current is held
constant. Use is made of the fact that the back emf is directly proportional to
speed when flux is held constant.
7. Why current sensing is required in electrical drives? What are the common method of
current sensing?
Current sensing is required in electrical drives to avoid interaction between
control circuit,carrying low voltage and current and power circuit involving
high voltage and current and sometimes harmonics and voltage
spikes,isolation must be provided between the two circuit. The common
method of current sensing are used of current sensor employing hall-effect
and used of a non-inductive resistance shunt in conjuction with an isolation
amplifier.
8. How does a phase locked loop speed control scheme operate?where do you use it?
The closed loop schemes described earlier can at best achieve a speed
regulation of +-0.002% which can be useful in conveyers for material
handling,paper and textile mills and computer peripherals.
9. Explain the operation of closed loop pasition control scheme. What are the roles of
inner current control and speed control loops?
Current and spped loop restrict the current and speed within safe
limits,enhance the speed of responce,reduce the effect of nonlinearities in the
converter , motor and load on the transient and steady state performance of
the position control system.
