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Basic Fluid Power Formulas / Hydraulics / Pneumatics: Variable Word Formula W/ Units Simplified Formula

This document provides formulas and guidelines for basic fluid power and hydraulics/pneumatics systems. It includes formulas for calculating fluid pressure, flow rate, power, cylinder specifications, pump output, efficiency, and more. General guidelines state that 1 hp of a pump can produce 1 gpm at 1500 psi, idling a pump requires 5% of full power, and each watt raises 1 gallon of oil by 1°F per hour.

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JAVIMORAN
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257 views2 pages

Basic Fluid Power Formulas / Hydraulics / Pneumatics: Variable Word Formula W/ Units Simplified Formula

This document provides formulas and guidelines for basic fluid power and hydraulics/pneumatics systems. It includes formulas for calculating fluid pressure, flow rate, power, cylinder specifications, pump output, efficiency, and more. General guidelines state that 1 hp of a pump can produce 1 gpm at 1500 psi, idling a pump requires 5% of full power, and each watt raises 1 gallon of oil by 1°F per hour.

Uploaded by

JAVIMORAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Fluid Power Formulas / Hydraulics / Pneumatics

Variable Word Formula w/ Units Simplified Formula


Fluid Pressure - P (PSI) = Force (Pounds) / Area ( Sq. In.) P = F/A
Fluid Flow Rate - Q GPM= Flow (Gallons) / Unit Time Q=V/T
(Minutes)
Fluid Power in Horsepower = Pressure (PSIG) Flow HP = PQ / 1714
Horsepower - HP (GPM)/ 1714

Actuator Formulas
Variable Word Formula w/ Units Simplified Formula
Cylinder Area - A ( Sq. In.) = Radius (inch)2 A = R2
(Sq. In.) = Diameter (inch)2 / 4 A = D2 / 4
Cylinder Force - F (Pounds) = Pressure (psi) Area (sq. in.) F = PA
Cylinder Speed - v (Feet / sec.) = (231 Flow Rate (gpm)) / v = (0.3208 gpm) / A
(12 60 Area)
Cylinder Volume Capacity Volume = Radius2 Stroke (In.) / 231 V = R2 L / 231
-V
(L = length of stroke)
Cylinder Flow Rate - Q Volume = 12 60 Velocity (Ft./Sec.) Q = 3.11688 v A
Net Area(In.)2 / 231
Fluid Motor Torque - T Torque (in. lbs.) = Pressure (psi) disp. T = P d / 6.2822
(in.3 / rev.) / 6.2822

Torque = HP 63025 / RPM T = HP 63025 / n


Torque = Flow Rate (GPM) Pressure T = 36.77 Q P / n
36.77 / RPM
Fluid Motor Speed - n Speed (RPM) = (231 GPM) / Disp. n = (231 GPM) / d
(in.)3
Fluid Motor Horsepower - HP = Torque (in. lbs.) rpm / 63025 HP = T n / 63025
HP
Pump Formulas
Variable Word Formula w/ Units Simplified Formula
Pump Output Flow - GPM GPM = (Speed (rpm) disp. (cu. in.)) / GPM = (n d) / 231
231
Pump Input Horsepower - HP = GPM Pressure (psi) / 1714 HP = (Q P) / 1714 E
HP Efficiency
Pump Efficiency - E Overall Efficiency = Output HP / Input HP EOverall = HPOut / HPIn X 100
Overall Efficiency = Volumetric Eff. EOverall = EffVol. EffMech.
Mechanical Eff.
Pump Volumetric Volumetric Efficiency = Actual Flow Rate EffVol. = QAct. / QTheo. X 100
Efficiency - E Output (GPM) / Theoretical Flow Rate
Output (GPM) 100
Pump Mechanical Mechanical Efficiency = Theoretical EffMech = TTheo. / TAct. 100
Efficiency - E Torque to Drive / Actual Torque to Drive
100
Pump Displacement - Displacement (In.3 / rev.) = Flow Rate CIPR = GPM 231 / RPM
CIPR (GPM) 231 / Pump RPM
Pump Torque - T Torque = Horsepower 63025 / RPM T = 63025 HP / RPM
Torque = Pressure (PSIG) Pump T = P CIPR / 6.28
Displacement (CIPR) / 2

General Fluid Power Guidelines:


Horsepower for driving a pump:

For every 1 hp of drive, the equivalent of 1 gpm @ 1500 psi can be produced.

Horsepower for idling a pump:

To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of it's full rated power

Wattage for heating hydraulic oil:

Each watt will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 1 F. per hour.

Flow velocity in hydraulic lines:

Pump suction lines 2 to 4 feet per second, pressure lines up to 500 psi - 10 to 15 ft./sec., pressure
lines 500 to 3000 psi - 15 to 20 ft./sec.; all oil lines in air-over-oil systems; 4 ft./sec.

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