How Turbine Actuators Work ?

Prepared By
- DURGESH KUMAR VERMA
 DEH
Speed and load of the turbine-generator are controlled by positioning the throttle and
governor steam admission valves.

The DEH controller receives three primary feedbacks from the turbine-generator: speed,
megawatts and first stage pressure.

The DEH uses PI closed loop control during startup and loading to provide accurate speed
and load control.

In the manual mode, an operator can select the valve type he wants to move [Throttle Valve
(TV), Governor Valve (GV) or Intercept Valve (IV)],

The direction [raise or lower] and the rate of valve movement. All these functions are
possible from the Optional manual panel.

2 Modes of Valve Operation is provided: Single Valve Mode & Sequential Mode.
 Turbine & Actuators
We have got 660 MW Shanghai Electrics Supercritical Turbine at APML.
Its 3 Cylinder Reheat Machine. There are 12 Actuators in our Turbine.

HPT = 2 Throttle Valves (TV) + 4 Governing Valves (GV).

IPT = 2 Reheat Stop Valves (RSV) + 4 Interceptor Valves (IV).

Actuators are of 2 Types:

1. Control Type = Governing Valves , Interceptor Valves & Throttle Valve.
2. ON/OFF Type = Only Reheat Stop Valve.
 Actuators
1. High Pressure Cylinder: Oil to Open Type. Close with Spring Force.

2. Isolation Valve: To isolate Actuators for maintenance.

3. Check Valve: Avoids back-flow of the High Press. Oil to the Low press. Line.

4. Filter: Filters the Oil Entering the Actuators.

5. Servo Valve: I/H Converter. Moog Servo Valve: (-42.80 mA to 37.20 mA).

6. Solenoid Valve: For Full Open & Full Close type Actuators.

7. Dump Valve: For Fast Closing of Actuators. Pressurized by AST/OPC Oil.

8. LVDT: Position Feed back 4-20 mA to DEH.

 ETS Control Block
ETS Block on Front Pedestal = 4 AST Solenoids & 2 OPC solenoids.

AST Solenoid = Auto Stop Trip Solenoid will generate Auto Stop Trip Oil.

OPC = Over Speed Protection Solenoid will generate Over speed Control Oil.

4 AST Solenoids arranged in Series-Parallel.

OPC Solenoids arranged in Parallel.

OPC Solenoids Trip will only close the GV & IVs, will not initiate Turbine Trip.

But AST Solenoid Trip will drain all the AST & OPC Oil & will Trip Turbine closing
all the GV, IV, TV & RSV.
 ETS
AST Solenoids: Normally Open Type
De-Energized to Open Oil Drain Port & Energize to Close the Oil Drain Port.
OPC Solenoids: Normally Close Type
De-Energize to Close Oil Drain Port & Energize to Open the Drain Oil Port.

AST Solenoids are AC Solenoids i.e. 240 V AC.

OPC Solenoids are DC Solenoids i.e. 110 V DC.

3 % Over Speed i.e. 3090 RPM

OPC Solenoids will act. i.e. Solenoids energized to drain OPC Oil to close the
GV & IV. Turbine Not Tripped.
Speed Below 3 % Overspeed. The solenoids de-energize to Open GV & IV.
10 % Over Speed i.e. 3300 RPM
AST Solenoids will act i.e. Solenoids De-Energized to drain AST Oil & close all
the TV, GV, IV & RSV. Complete Turbine Trip.
 Block Diagram of ETS
Trip Oil for TV & RSV = AST Oil. Trip Oil for GV & IV = OPC Oil.
Normally Close Normally Open
De-Energized Oil Drain Port Close De-Energized Oil Drain Port Open

N.O N.O
N.C AST-1 AST-2
OPC-1

N.C N.O N.O

OPC-2 AST-3 AST-4

Pressurized Drain
 N.O N.O
N.C AST-1 AST-2
OPC-1

N.C N.O N.O

OPC-2 AST-3 AST-4

EH Oil Supply Header

Pressurized Drain
OPC Trip Oil Header Pressurized.
To all GV & IV Dump Valves.

N.O N.O
N.C AST-1 AST-2
OPC-1

N.C N.O N.O

OPC-2 AST-3 AST-4

EH Oil Supply Header

Pressurized Drain
OPC Trip Oil Header Pressurized. AST Trip Oil Header Pressurized.
To all GV & IV Dump Valves. TO all TV & RSV Dump Valves.

N.O N.O
N.C AST-1 AST-2
OPC-1

N.C N.O N.O

OPC-2 AST-3 AST-4

EH Oil Supply Header

Pressurized Drain
 Loss of Trip Oil from AST/OPC to
Trip Oil from AST/OPC to Dump Dump Valve
Valve

>

Valve Close
Valve Opens

EH Oil Supply
> Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank
RSV Actuator : Full Open Full Close Type

Trip Oil from AST to Dump Valve

Solenoid Energized : Valve Opens

Solenoid De-Energized : Valve Closes

EH Oil Supply

Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank

 Spool Position-1 GV & IV
DEH Command = 0%. Output to Actuators = 0 MPa

Trip Oil from OPC to Dump Valve

Moog
Servo Valve
Supply = 15 MPa I/H Converter

Drain = 0 Mpa

Valve Full CLose

EH Oil Supply

> Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank

 Spool Position-2
DEH Command = 25%. Output to Actuators = 3.75 MPa

Trip Oil from OPC to Dump Valve

Supply = 15 MPa
Drain = 11.25 Mpa

Valve 25 % Open
EH Oil Supply

> Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank

 Spool Position-3
DEH Command = 50%. Output to Actuators = 7.5 MPa

Trip Oil from OPC to Dump Valve

Supply = 15 MPa
Drain = 7.5 Mpa

Valve 50 % Open
EH Oil Supply

> Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank

 Spool Position-4
DEH Command = 75%. Output to Actuators = 11.25 MPa

Trip Oil from OPC to Dump Valve

Supply = 15 MPa
Drain = 3.25 Mpa

Valve 75 % Open
EH Oil Supply

> Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank

 Spool Position-5
DEH Command = 100%. Output to Actuators = 15 MPa

Trip Oil from OPC to Dump Valve

Supply = 15 MPa Drain = 0 Mpa

Valve 100 % Open

EH Oil Supply

> Pressurized Drain to EH Oil Tank

LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer)
THROTTLE VALVE ACTUATOR
GOVERNOR VALVE ACTUATOR
REHEAT STOP VALVE ACTUATOR
INTERCEPTER VALVE ACTUATOR
Interface Diaphragm Valve
 Air pilot valve is an interface between extraction non-return valves and EH fluid system.

Air source is compressed by extraction non-return valve, which is controlled by air pilot valve.

Air pilot valve should be opened by OPC fluid pressure and closed by spring force.

During the operation, air pilot valve is going to be opened by OPC fluid pressure, and compressed air
source can be sent to the extraction non-return valves through air pilot valve.

Solenoid valve on the extraction non-return valves should be controlled by DCS.

When OPC fluid pressure is released (overspeed), air pilot valve will be closed by spring force, cutting
off compressed air source when vent to atmosphere is opened.
 Thank You !
Any Questions ?

Prepared by DURGESH KUMAR VERMA