10. 11. 12. 13, 14. 16. 17, 18, 19, = CLINICAL CHEMISTRY By Apollon et.al. CHAPTER 1 - Chemistry Questions Clinical Chemistry Questions A volumetic pipette has an accuracy of: A, 1:10 B. 1:100 ..4:500 D.1:1000 ‘* pipette with a bulb Clase to the delivery ip is used for viscous fluids and is called a: A” Mohr pipette ©. Lewis-Dahn pipette B. Volumetric pipette ‘The etched rings on the top of a pipette means: ‘A. The pipette should be allowed to drain ana the last drop should remain in the pipette: 8B. The last drop is to be blown out after the pinettes drains G. The pipette is color coded D. The pipette fs a volumetric pipette ‘Standard solution from which 99.95% of the chemical can be retrieved are referred to as: 4, Secondary standards ©. Lyophilized standards 8, Primary standards D. Preset standards \When preparing solutions: 4. A percent solution can be prepared from a volumetric solution 5. A volumteric solution can be prepared tron’ a parcent solution . A triple beam balance and cylinder are necessary in \he preparation of any type of solution ©. Only an analytical balance.can be used in solution preparation = 4 solution in which the molecules of solute in solution arv in equilibrium with excess undissolved molecules is referred to as: D. Ostwald-Folin pipette A. Dilute B, Concentrated ©, Saturated D, Supersaturated Pure water has a pH of: A 68 8.7.0 ota 0.90 41x10 *N solution of hydrochloric acid (HCI) has a pH of: A 8.6 c.8 0.12 The statistical erm that most Specifically describes anaiytical precision is the: ‘A. Mode 8. Mean © Median D. Coefficient of variation Quality control shauld be used with all procedures to determine: A. Accuracy B. Reliability ©. Precision. Coefficient of varation DELETED ‘A procedure has a 2 SD variation from a mean value. How many values from a normal population will the 2SD include: A. 68.27% B, 84.76% C. 95.45% D, 99.73% Material with physical and chemical properties closely resembling the test specimen and cantaining Concentrations of the substances being measured is known as: A." Control B, Standard ©. Calibrator D. Reference solution Optical density, according to Beer's law, is A. Inversely proportional to the concentration 5 Directly proportional to the concentration C. Proportional to the square of the concentration D, Proportional to the square root of the concentration £ The ditterence between serum and plasma is that serum does not contain: A. Thrombin 8. Fibrin C. Fibrinogen ©. Calcium ‘Two control sera are desirable for each general chemistry procedure. Which of these combinations would be appropriate? ‘A, Mean of normal range and abnormal (high) _G. Low normal range and abnormal (os) B, High normal range and abnormal (high) D. Abnormal (ow) and ebnorrnal (high) ‘Sodium fluoride is used in specimen collection to: “ ‘A. Prevent glycolysis C.Chelste calcium =, B. Prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin D. Bind calcium ‘The concentration of oxalate recommended to be used as an anticoagulant, in mgimL blood, is: A 12 B24 C.46 0.68 Etnylenediamine tetr A, Chelating caldum B. Preventing conversion of prothrombin to thrombin C. Forming an insoluble complex with calcium D. Binding magnesium jcetic acid (EDTA) works 2s anticoagulant by:TT TBO THE Venipuncture site for a routine puncture is commonty cleaned with: A. 904 alcohol ©. 70% alcohol 8. BETADINE (Purdue-Frederick) 1D. Quaternary ammonium compounds 21. The one precaution to be followed with a s) ecimen for Lilirubin determination is to: A. Refrigerate ©. Protect from ight B. Cap and refrigerate D. Freeze immediately 22, Which of these substances cannot be presened by freezing? A. Blood urea nitrogen ©. Lactic dehydrogenase 1h Creat inate taney 1) Prostate went phergh J Sovutn moe stout bee dicate ab the sane tate en sucee”aves tay fo VOL ‘A. Diumal variation ©. Effect of mevication F. Chance of consumption of dietnry iron stunt abuneption ot hon 4 What of the prote able in wats A. Albumin B. Beta globulins C. Gamma globulins D. Histones 25, The alpha-amino acids constitute the basic bi iiding blocks of proteins, The amino acids are joined together to form a chainlike structure through: ‘A Disulfide bonding —_B. Hydrogen bondina_C. Covalent bonding _D. Peptide bondin 26, Which of the tour elements in p.oteins differentiate this class of substances from carbohydrates and lipids? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen ©. Nitrogen D. Oxyger 27. Which amino acid cannot rotate potarized lig’? A. Cystine B. Glycine C. Histidine D. Thionine 28. Proteins may become denatured when subjected to mechanical agitation, heat, or extreme chemical treatment. Deriaturation of proteins refers to an: ‘A. Alteration in primary structure C: Alteration in tertiary structure B. Alteration in secondary structure D. Increase in solubility 29, The hemoglobin measurement technique employed for | ood donors is A. Refractive index . Flotation technique of Philips 8. Hemoglobin electrophoresis . Falling drop technique 0, The ration of velocities of ight in two different media refurs to the: A. Density gradient , Rotation of polarized light B. Refractive index . Ultraviolet absorption 31, The most anodic protein on electrophoresis at pH 8 6 is: A. Alpha, globulit B. Albumin C. Beta globulin D. Gamma globulin 32. Proteins are dipolar or zwitterion compounds containing both positive and negative charges. When a p-otein is ut its isnelectric point, the proiein sill have A: A Not sew eusnye 1s pilot 20 Not puniiy 1B Hot ngative chaiue 33. Svedberg (S) number refer to protein. A. Electrophoresis B. Flotation ©. Precipitation D. Utteacentrifugation 34 The macroglobulins bolong to what sodimentiion class * A 488 U. 1.08 v. (2b v. 19.08 35, AS urine is heated, a precipitate appears al 60 C and disappears al 100 G The substance present i: a A. Macrogiobulin B. Cryoglobutin . Bence Jones prote i D Protease 36. The process of separating albumin from globulins using sodium sulfate is know" as: A. Floatation B. Protein precipitation C. Salting out 0. ‘tracentrifugation ‘37. The conversion of protein nitrogen contant to protein content depends on the factor: A 6.25 8.6.54 C.663 D618 38. Which of the following is NOT true of the biuret reaction? A Fallows Flo's law fer a measonable ainge of pratolry 11 Depots ni aie promendes Gf at inant byes poids Muka C. Is relatively free from interference by lipids and hneiogiobia D. Is insensitive to the low protein levels of uri 39. In acute renal failure which nonprotein nitrogen rises the fastest? A. Uric acid 'B. Blood urea nitrogen ©. Creatinine D. Creatine 40. Why is bromeresol purple the proferrod in! cistor for albanien dyes tadiig twetanen? A. {lends itself to manual and automated procedures best Bl never binds with alpha and bea glotaulins ‘Lean be employed with heparinized plasan D._ There is less interference from pigment 41, Which reagent is employed in the serum prot in determination? A. Molybdenum blue 8, Ferriferrocyanide —C. ResorcinolHCl_—_O. Biuret 42. Hemotyzod serum should not bo used for total protwin because A. Hemogiobin ts absorbed at the same wavelength as protein of biuret regent Of e:.vated protein amounts in red biood cells as compared to serun C_ Hemoglobin reacts wita biuret reagent 0 Thhe vats will ee fel lowwere 43 Turbidity in serum is associated with the presence of x A Cholesterol B, Chylomicrons C. Free fally acids. Total lipids 44, Clycoproteins and mucoproteins are usually bound to: A. Lactose and sucrose C. Galactose and mannose B. Lactose and maltose ©. Glucose and sucrese 45, Ail ofthe following are glycooroteins, except: A. Cenuloplasmin B. Follicle stimulating hormcne C. Fibrinogen. Cryaglobulin46, 47. 48, 49, 51 64 65, 66. 67 ‘Which of these statements is not applicable to mucoproteins? ‘A. They are proteins complexed with carbohydrates 8. They are related to alycoproteins C. They contain more than 4% hexosa-nine D Hormones and coagulation proteins aré included in this class How many immunoglobulin classes are currently recognized? A. One B. Three ©. Four D. Five Whe: performing an immunoglobulin electrophoresis, there must be present: A. Excess antigen B. Excess antibody and constant trough distance between antibody and ant'gon ©. Acetate matrix D._Direst current A normal serum protein electrophoresis has approximately 80% albumin and 5-10% cach of the other 4 fractions. {fan electrophoretic pattern shows. 30% albumin, 4-10% of other fractions except gamma which is 45%, you would expect what condition to exist in the patient? A. Cirhosis, . Inflammation . Monoclonal gammopathy 1D. Chronic lymphocytic teukeniia Which of the following applies to cryoglobuiins?, ‘A. They are temperature-sensitive proteins B. The blood specimen should ciot at room temperature C. The sample unit must remain at room temperature so that precipitation can be observed D. Only qualitative tests are available ‘Which: of the fotiowing statements is true of albumin? A. Compared to globulin, it makes up the lesser portioa of total protein Its size provents its passage through even a damaved glomerular barrier ©. this produced in the iver D. Clinical problems ara usually related to high serum values To measure urinary protein you can use A. Biuret reagent ©. Bromeresol purple B. Biuret reagent with trichlorcacetic acid pretreatment of urine _D. Bromeresol green ‘An elevated creatinine valve is most likely to be accompanied by which of these values? ‘A, Normal uric acid ©. Normal blood urea nitrogen B. Elevated uric acid, 10x creatinine value D. Eievated blood urea nitrogen, 10x creatinine value The -onversion factor for blood urea nitrogen to rem is a wala Cala pass by the urease methad, ulea is anzymatically converted to. A Ammonia 8. Carbon dioxide —_€. Nitrogen 1D, Amino groups Untreated ne cai bee sed foe the deters nition Fas by Hie diacetyl snoioninny nah ben ie 4 Dialyst 1) any autoarualy or eenioves inte, foray Substances B. The method is not measuring ammonia ©. The increased temperature destroys the ammonia D. Zinc does not interfere Urinary creatine may be elevated in which of the follawi ig? A. Kidney failure B. Cirrhosis of the liver . Muscle destruction. Intestinal blockage ‘The measurement of creatinine is based on the formatinn of a yellow-red color with: A. Alkaline picrate B. Ehrlich’s rayent —C. Phosphomolybdate D. Titan yellow The classic creatinine reaction is that ot A date B. Lloyd © Kielant D.Nessier The specificity of the Jaffe reaction can be en.nanced by ‘A. Adsorption with Lloyd's reagent C. Plior treatment with urease B._ Boiling D. Prior treatment with uricase A diana A A. AMlhutosclorosts ©. Aas ba The most commen reagent employed in uric acid methadolocy by alkuline oxidation x A, Potassium penmanganate ©. Potassium persulfate 5 Phosphotungstic acie D Hydrachtowe weit (IC) The urtcase method for uric acid assay depends on: Ultraviolet absorption peak al 290 nm bolare and alter treatment with uricase h volved! git alter uricina hesitant c. 1 aabswiepiion aitlor uric thet D. Measurement of biue-violet color The most precise method for amino acid detvcmination is: A Iyothormnal distillation © Alkaline oxidation B._Gasometric ninhydrin reaction B. Color development with Blihetot reagent The urea clearance test is an indication of A. Overall kidney function ©. Tubular function . 8. Tubular reabsorption D. Glomerular fitration The creatinine clearance is based an the assumption that creatinine: A. Passes into the uttrafitrate C. Is converted to creatine B._Is retained! in the blood D. Is passively realsorbed by the kidney tubule Which of the clearance tests offers the most accurate measure of glometular filtration? A. Inulin 8. Creatinine ©. Urea . p-aminohippurete (PAH)"7 SB" Whiiei Of the Clearance tests offers the best measure of tubular function? 68. 70. n. 72 73, 74. 75. 78. 7 78 79. 80, at 82. 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. 80, A. Creatinit B. Inulin C. p-aminohippurate (PAH). Urea A creatinine clearance test is performed. The 24-hour volume of urine is 770 mL; serum creatinine is 2.0 mg/dL ‘and urine creatinine is 240 mgidL, What is the clearanice expressed in ml plasma cleared per minute, assuming average body surface? A 60 B.384 c.600 D.924.0 The usual determination of osmolality Invalves measurement of A. pGOs and pO» B. Na” and K” ©. Electrolytes D. Freezing point depression Which of the following is true of blood glucose? A. The renal threshold is 200-240 mg/dL 3. Once excreted inthe glomerular irae, glucose must be excreted in the urine G, A high blood glucose must be associated with a positive u'ine glucose 5. In the glucose tolerance tes" (GTT), one may be faced with a normal blood giucnse, accompanied by & Positive urine glucose Patients with borderfine blood glucose levels are further investigated by performing: ‘A. Postprandial sugar (PPS) . Inulin tolerance test B. Fasting blood sugar D. 3 hour glucose tolerance test (TT) The test that gives a two to three (2-3) month picture of a diabetic's glucose levels is: ‘A. Hemoglobin A, C, Hemoglobin AC. 5.2 hour postprandial sugar D. 3 hour glucose tolerance test Which of the following precautions is necessary to insure validity of the glucose tolerar ce test? ‘A. A 150 gram/day carbohydrate diet for 3 days prior to the test 8, A fasting state before glucose is given ©. No undue stress betore or during the test : D. Allof the above Contamination of the glucose reagent with catalase is @ problem with which glucose method? A. Alkaline cupric ion reduction (neocuproine) C. Glucose oxidase B._ Alkaline ferric ian reduction (ferricyanide) D. Hexokinase ‘The hexokinase methodology for glucose determination is based on A. Reduced coenzyme read at 340 nm - 8. Rose-pink color of oxygen-o-diansidine . Peroxidase acting upon H20) released from glucose D. Protein-free fitrate Proteins are precipitated by which of the following reagents in the Folin-Wu method? A. Tungslie acid B. Trichloroacetic acid . Sulfune acid D. Hydrochloric acid ‘The interfering reducing substances in the Folin-Wu glucose method may be removed by: A. Dialysis . Zine-barium precipitation B._ Tungstate precipitation D. Heating |) the copper reduction method for glucose, measurable color is developed through the formation of: = A. Gopper sulfate . Copper-cobalt complex. é 8. Molybdenum blue D. Phosphomolybdenum ‘The most frequently employed automated method for glucose uses ‘A. Coupled enzyme system consisting of glucose oxidase and catalase B. Reduction of alkaline cupric ion C. Addition of molybdenum blue D. Reduction af alkaline ferricyanide to ferroryanide When sugars are separated by chromatography, the application of anisaldehyde/sulfuric acidiethyl alcoho! spray will identify galactose as what color spot? AS Blue B Grey ©. Green D. Yellow Seliwanoff’s test detects: A. Dextrose B. Glucose ©. Lactose D. Fructose Xylose excretion is helpful in the determination of: ‘A. Intestinal malabsorption C. Pancretic secretion 5. Renal clearance ©. Liver failure Prehepatic bilirubin has which of the following for a protein carrier? A. Albumin B. Alphaz globulin. Beta globulin 1, Gamma globulin , An increase in indirect-reacting bilirubin is suggestive of A. Bile acid build-up ‘C. Hemoglobin breakdown 7 8. Lipid accumulation D. Gamma globulineria Direct-reacting bilirubin is: A. Free biirubin C. Bilirubin diglucuronide B. Bilirubin bound to albumin D. Bilirubin bound ta red blood cells Bilirubin is converted in the intestines to which of the: following: ‘A. Porphobilinogen B. Hemoglobin C. Urobilinogen D. Phospholipid Which of the following will interfere with the Evelyn and Malloy method for bilirubin? . A. Lipemia B. Hemalysis . Anticonvulsants. Alcohol The “port wine® color of some urines can be attributed to: A. Porphyrins B. Melanin C.Red blood cetls_D. Bilirubin Para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a cor s“ituent of which reagent? A Eh B. Salkowski . Drabkin ©: Bloor17 Both porphotninogen and urotatinoges| torn a rod colored compound with Chics eager Ballornnatatint be obtained by: ‘A. Solubility of porphobilinogen in chloroform —_C. Difference in UV absorption B._ Solubility of urobilinogen in water D. Solubiity of urobilinagen in chlorotoun $92. Filinibin will clovelop: a viola! color after which of the following is ackort A. Lydvochtoic acid Methyl alcohol B, Ehvrich’s reagent D. Van den Bergh's reagent 93. A.urine specimen that exhibits yellow foam cn being shaken should be suspected of having an increased concentration of: A. Ketones: B. Glucose ©, Bilirubin ~ D. Nitrite 94, An enzyme may be defined as alan: A. Biological catalyst C. Metal catalyst B. Inorganic catalyst D. Large moiecuile of biological impr. 95. Hemolysis will interfere with all of the following enzyme measurements except: 4. Alkaline phosphate ©. Aldolase B._ Lactate dehydrogenase D. Aspartate aminotransferase 96. A high alkaline phosphatase level in the presence 0° ather negative liver function tests is indicative of: ‘A. Obstructive jaundice ©. Carcinoma of the liver B. Hepatitis. D. 4emoistic disorder 97. A metal ion is sometimes necessary in an enzymatic reaction to A. Act as an activator of the enzyme C. Regulate pH B._ Permit the colorimetric reaction to occur D. Lahibit competing enzymes 98. Which of the following is true of an isoenzyme? ‘A. The substrate is different form each isoenzyme B, The rate of reaction is the same for each enzyme with its own substrate CC. The electrophoretic property is different for each isoenzyme D. Any of a group of isoenzymes will react the same to heat denaturation 99. As the temperature is increased from 25 C to 37 C in the aspartate aminotransferase reaction, the activity of the tion, A. Almost doubles 8B. Is halved C. Is tripled D. Is reduced to zero 100. The Michaelis-Menten constant in the rate of conversion of substrate to product is determined by. ‘A. Substrate concentration B, Substrate concentration and rate of dissociation of enzyn ¢-substrate complex C. Temperature, pH and substrate concentration D. Temperature and pH 101. Ina zero order reaction, .nere will be no further increase in velocity because: A, There is no excess substrate C. All enzyme is bound to substrate B. The temperature is 35 C 1D. There is excess enzyme 102. Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of, A. Starch B. Gelatin C. Glycerides D. Sugar 103. Which of the following is true of the isoenzyme LD-1. is ‘A. The slowest moving of the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes electrophoresis B. The most positively charged fraction C. Ahealtabile fraction ©. Present in the greatest amount in normal heart tissue 104. Lactate + NAD —> Pyruvate + NADH. The catalyst in the reaction is; ° ‘A. Asparate aminotransferase (AST) C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LOH) B. Aldolase D. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 105. Serum creatine kinase is clinically significant in diseases of the: A. Pancrease B. Liver C. Muscle D. Gonads 106. Creatine kinase is frequenlly elevated in disorders such as acute myocardial infarction (Mi) and: A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy €. Cimhosis, 5 Acute hepatitis D. Infections 107. The kinetic of rate enzymatic methodologies, optical density decreases as: ‘A. Triphosphopyridine mucleotide (TPN) is changed to triphosphopyridine nucleotide reduced form (TPNH) B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is changed to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — reduced form (NADP) . Neotramide adenine dinucleotide ~redvcad fon (NADP) is change to icotnamide adenine dincletde (NAD) D. Gericionis changed to cerous ~ 108. in myocardial infarction, the clinically significant enzymes are: ‘A. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase B. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrog=nase ©. Aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase D. Lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, aldolase 108. During a suspected myocardial infarction, you should perform creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes to demonstrate the: MB fraction of creatine kinase and LO-5 (MB fraction of creatine kinase and the LD 1-2 flip, 10-5 and LD-3 BB fraction of creatine kinase and LO-1 com>110, 114 112, 113, 114, 116. 116. uF. In muscular dystrophy, the clinically significant enzymes are: Creatine kinase, aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase, aldolase, lactate cehydrogenase \featine kinase, aspartate aminot ansferase, alanine aminotransferase Aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase Ceruloplasmin is an alpha, globulin that binds: Copper B. Cobalt ©. tron D, Manganese Pos ibly the most sensitive enzyme indicator of liver function, particulaily ir obstructive jaundice, is: ‘Alkaline phosphatase ©. Acid phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase B. Lactate. dehydrngen se In acute viral hepatitis, which of the following would NOT be suspected” Alkaline phosphatase increase grester than aspartate aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase - § increase Gamma-plutamy! transferase increase, mild Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine minotvansferase increase 10 to 200 - fold What is the optimum pH for acid phosphatase? A 3.0 8.5.0 6.7.0 D.90 The clinical significance of an elevated acid phosphatase is: 4. Renal disease B, Pancreatic disease G. Bone disease D. Prostatic disease Ian acid phosphatase test cannot be performed imumediately after collection, hw should the serum be treated? A, Acidity to pHof2 ‘Freeze CC. Capand freeze __D.. Either acidify or freeze Tess for acid phosphatase detect levels of the enz /me from tissues such as; A. Bone, liver, spleen, kidney, erythrocytes and platelets B. Bone, liver and kidney . Muscle, spleen, and \Jatelets ©. Liver, spleen, prostate, and platelets e>”> “com> goe> ‘The substrate for the Cherry — Crandall lipase methed is: A Glycoride B. Nitrophenyl acetace ©, Olive 9 D. Starch stance ronized Galchutn Gan be changed wittiout altectiig the total calciwel foved, what allie parimateria ‘niust Be known to properly evaluate ealcium’? A phy 1B Phosph sis © Magaosien 10. pM and protein ‘The classic Clark = Collip method for calcium is based on the assumption that calcium will be: A. Precipitated as calcium carbonate 8B. Precipitated as an oxalate and converter’ to an oxide C. Chelated with EOTA, D._ Precipitated as an oxalate and converted to oxalic acid In the titration of calcium oxalate with potassium permanganate, the temperature must be maintained at: A 1-4¢ 8.376 C. 60-806 D. 1006 A low parathyroid homone level will cause a: ‘A. Low serum phosphorus C. Low serum vatcium 8. High urine calcium fevet D. High serum calciurn level In the compleximetrc titration (EDT 4) mettiod ior calcium, the pH must be adjusted to prevent: ‘A. Incomplete precipitation of calcium. ‘C. A reversible color change B. Interference by magnesium 1D. Co-binding of phosphorus What is the purpose of lanthanium in the «iomic absorption determination of calcium? Lanthanium: Is involved in starting up the instrument C. Will bind calcium 1 pat of the hollow ¢athoce discharge tube: ©. Will hind phosphate Al of the follawing can cause low chord. levels, E (CEPT A. Diabetic acidosis. Renal faiure ©. Prownged vomiting D. Dehydration Inorganic phosphate can be determined frou a combination of trichloroacetic ace fitale and A. Stannous hlorde © Tungstute B. Glacial acetic — sulfuric acia D. Mulybdate AL a pH of 7.4, most of the inorganic phosphate in {ie plasma is in which form? A. HBO, 8. PO, C.H,PO, D. P05 A phosphorus value of 2.5 mEq/L would be how many mgldL.? (AtW. P=31)? A 43 B52 cas D.25 The colorimetric method for magnesium employs which reagent? A. Molybdate B. Calcium oxalate. Titan yellow D. B-hydroxy-5-quinoiine The first step in the sevum iron method involves: A. Break up ofthe iron — protein complex ©. Addition of excess iron for pro.ein to absorb 8. Reaction of iron with a chromogen D. Measurement of amuunt of fee serum iron The major extracellular cation i: A Chloride B. Manganese © Potassium D. Seuiun The major intracellular cation is A. Chioride 8. Manganese ©. Potassium . Sodium Whieh of these patassiuen values would termed sypokalemic? , A 30 mmol 8 4.0100 C4 Frennott 11 Simm What is the intemal standard when sodiv'n and polussium are measured by flame photometry? A. Catcium B. Lithium ©. Magnesium D. Copper 135, In the classic Schales and Schales (mercurimetric tration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with the indicator to form . violet color? 4. HgCl, BLHNO, ©. Excess Hi’ D.Bea * re 196. Inthe coulometic = AgCl produced Mperometric method for chloride, the amount of chloride is measured by: ‘A. Time needed to reach the titration endpo:nt B. Amount of current needed to generate Ay” . Rate of generation of current D. Time needed to reach the titration endpoint 137. In gasometric analysis of CO;, the liberated gas is absorbed w’th A. Lattic acid B. Hydrochloric acid. Sulfuric acid ©. Sodium hydroxide 198. What is the purpose of caprylic alcohol in the gasometric method for CO.? To: ‘A. Prevent foaming . Absorb CO; - B. Release CO, D. Maintain the atmospheric pressure at a constant value 139. The normal pH of blood is: A. 6.50-7.50 B.7.05-7,35 ©.7.35- 7.45 D.7.45~7.65 140. Which of the following is the Henderson — Hasselbalch equation? A. pK.= pH+ log dissociated salt C. pH = pk, + (Ax) undissociated salt (HA) 8. PH= pKs* log undissociated salt D. pH = p'% + log dissociated salt (A-) dissociated salt uuudissociated salt (HA) 141, The ratio of bicarbonate: carbonic acid in normal plasma is: A 4:20 B51 C.101 D.20:1 142, Most of the CO; in the blood is present in which form? ‘A. Dissolved CO: C. Calcium carbonate B, Bicarbonate ion D. Ammonium carbonate 143, What will happen if blood is exposed to air during collection for pH and blood gas .tudies? A. CO;content increases B. pH decreaves ©, PO; decreases —_D. pCO; decreases 144, If the glass electrode of the pH instrument is coated with protein, the pH value wil be: A. Too high B, Too low ©. Unchanged D. Variable 145, Which of the following is true of the pCO: electrode? Only charged particles can crass the membrane Both charged and uncharged particles cn cross the membrene The actual pH of thy sample has no effect, ‘There is no calibration available for the electrode because gases are involved 148. The wavelength at which oxyhemogiabin and reduced hemoglobin have the same absorbance is referred to as the: A. Differential point B. Isoelectric point ©. Equivalence point _D. Equilibration point AF. Which of these statements is appropriate for the platting of a conce tralian curve? On: A. Semi-log paper. plot % units on y axis and standard concentration on x axis F. Semi-iog paper. pint standard concentration on y axis and absorbance on x axis ‘. Linear graph paper, plot absorbance on x axis and standard concentraticn on y axis D, Linear graph paper, plot absorbance on y axis und % onTonxaxis 148. When performing spectrophotomieter quality nontrol checks, the holmium oxide glass filter is used to ussess A. Straylight —B. Linearity. Absorbance accuracy D. Wavelenath accuracy 149. For the ultraviolet range, which of these rmust be employed in the spectrophotomeler? A. Diffraction grating 'B, Glass prism ©. Quartz cuvette —_D. Tungsten lamp 180." Measurement by flame photometry involves: ‘A. Absorption of energy when an elements ionized 3. Electrometric titration ©. Colorimetiicanaiysis ._ Emission of a color wnen an element is bumed 151. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on the measurement of: A. Light given off by excited atoms, B. Light absorbed at wavelength of resonance line by unexcited atoms ©. Energy emitted by ultraviolet treated atoms D. Energy emitted by infrared treated atoms 12. What i the light source in atomic absorption instrumentation? gom> A. Sathode tamp. 8. Flame ©. Grating D. Prism 153. Quenching is a disadvantage encountered in: A. Fluorometry B. Atomic adsorption _C. Flame photometry _D. Nephelometry 18" To achieve the best levels of sensitivity and specificity, a type of detector system that a gas chromatograph may be coupled to is a/an: A. Fluoresecnce detector ©. Bichromatic spectrophotumeter 8. Ultraviolet spectrophotometer D. Mass spectrophotometer 185. Automated chemistry systems, whether viscrete or continuous flow, mis include: A. Unknown, reagent, mixing of the previows two mentioned ingredienis, reaction analysis, calculation and reporting of results 8. Unknuwn, mixing, incubation, calculation, and reporting of resul's . Standards, mixing, incubation, and repe ting of results D. Unknown, mixing, incubation, and rz aning of results 16 fam isotope has a halite of 12 hours and an activity of 24 miicunes (mC, what wil be its activity in 38 ours A 3mci 8.6 mci ¢.9mei D, 12imci