MIDAS e-Learning Courses
Sharing Knowledge, Gaining Experience, Making Difference
Organized By MIDASoft, Inc.
Network Tied Arch
Modeling, Analysis & Design
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Contents
The following will be contents of this training
1. Introduction 2. Modeling
- Summary of In-depth Discussion Session - Unit Setting
- midas Civil GUI - Materials & Sections
-Project Information - Geometry: Arch, Hanger Arrangements, Tie, Wind Braces
- Boundaries & Loads
3. Analysis and Design
- Moving Load
- Final Stage Analysis
- Unknown Load Factors
- Hanger Force Tuning
- Set up for Construction Stage
- Construction Stage Analysis
- Time History Analysis
- Hanger Loss
3
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Introduction
Summary of in-depth discussion session:
Analysis and design considerations
Construction and final stage analysis
midas Civils functions:
Unknown load factor
Cable load tuning
Moving load tracer
midas Civil Graphic User Interface (GUI)
Project information
4
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Summary of in-depth discussion
Design of Network Tied Arch
Moving Load Tracer
1. Final Stage
Hanger Force Adjustment
Unknown Load Factor
Calculate cable forces & cable force tuning
Optimization problem
Correct geometry
influence matrix
Critical live load
Cable Tuning
Extraordinary Loads (accidental hanger loss)
Time History Analysis
2. Construction Stage Lack of Fit force
Nonlinear behavior of cables Hanger forces at different construction stages
Temporary supports situation
5
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Midas Civil graphic user interface
6
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Project information
Bridge Type: Network Tied Arch
Bridge Length: 300 ft
Arch Height : 60 ft
Width : 30 ft
Number of Lanes : 2
60 ft
300 ft
7
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Project information
Network Tied Arch bridge need to be studied in two different stages, Construction stage and
Final stage, so we need two model files for each stage.
We start with Final stage model and apply all the ultimate static loads to the structure and run
a linear static analysis. The main purpose of this stage is to find optimized pretensioning
forces in each hanger for the best performance of the bridge.
The second part is investigation of bridges behavior during erection. In this stage the hanger
forces obtained from the first model will be used as initial pretensioning force of hangers
during construction stages, and responses of the bridge will be monitored. The model used in
this stage contains 42 construction stages starting from tie and arch erection with help of
temporary supports and ending by installing hangers and remove the temporary supports.
8
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Modeling-part 1
Part 1
Unit setting
Define material and sections
Geometry
Arch
Hangers
Cross beams
Longitudinal girders
Structure Alignment
Braces
9
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Units setting
File New Project
Tools Unit System
1. Length ft
2. Force kips
3. Click OK
10
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Materials
Properties Material Properties 3
1
1. Click Add 2
4
2. Type of Design Steel 5
3. Name A501
4. Standard ASTM09(S)
5. DB A501
6. Click OK
Similarly Define Grade C5000 Material
in Type of Design as Concrete
6
11
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Sections
Properties Section Properties 1
2
1. Click Add
2. Type I section 3
4
3. Name Arch
4. Select User Type
5. Enter Parameters as Shown
6. Click OK
Similarly Define Sections: W24X250,
W10X22, S24X121and cable section
with diameter .16feet 5
Properties Thickness
Define Thickness of .5 feet
12
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Geometry modeling
Create Node
Node/Element Create Nodes
1. Enter the following coordinates:
(0,0,0), (300, 0, 0), (150, 0, 60) (-75, 0 ,-300)
4
1
Create Element
2
Node/Element Create Elements
1. Material 1: A501
2. Section 2: Tie
3
3. Click on Nodal Connectivity box to turn green
4. Select nodes 1 and 2 by clicking
13
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Arch
Create Arch
Node/Element Create Line Element on Curve
1
1. Select Arc by 3 points
2. Material 1: A501
3. Section 1: Arch 2
4. Number: 16
3
5. Select corresponding nodes from model view
as following
P1: Node 1
P2: Node 3 4
P3: Node 2
14
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Hanger arrangement
Create Hangers
1
Node/Element Create Elements
1. Element Type: Tension Only/Hook/Cable
2. Material 1: A501
3. Section 5: cable
4. Click on Nodal Connectivity box to turn green
5. Connect node 4 to all nodes on the Arch (5 to 2 5
18)
3
6. Select all elements and node below the Tie and
delete them
6 4
15
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Hangers
Mirror the hangers frame
Node/Element Elements Mirror
1. Select all hangers
2
2. Mode: copy
3
3. Reflection: y-z plane, x=150 ft
4. Apply
4
16
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Hangers
Intersect hangers & tie
Node/Element Intersectt
1. Select tie elements
2. Apply
17
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Structure alignment
Rotate Structure
Node/Element Elements Rotate 2
1. Select entire structure
2. Mode: move
3
3. Angle of Rotation: -10
4. Axis of Rotation: last option (2 points)
5. Select nodes 1 and 2 respectively or enter
10
coordinates:
4
1st point: (0, 0, 0)
5
2nd point: (300, 0, 0)
18
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Arch
Mirror the network frame
Node/Element Elements Rotate
1. Select entire structure
2. Mode: copy 2
3. Reflection: z-x plane, y=15 ft
4. Apply 3
4
19
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Cross beams
Node/Element Extrude
1. Select Nodes 1, 2, 21, 24, 26, 28,
30, 36, 39
2. Material 1. A501
3. Section 3: Tie
4. Dx,dy,dz 0, 5, 0
2
5. Number of times 6 3
6. Click -> Apply
It will create one more node
20
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Longitudinal girders
Create Longitudinal girders
Node/Element Create Elements
1. Material 1: A501
2. Section 3: Girder
3. Create 5 longitudinal girders by connecting
corresponding nodes of cross beams at two
ends
21
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Wind brace
Create wind braces
Node/Element Create Elements
1. Material 1: A501
2. Section 4: Braces
3. Create wind braces
22
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Modeling-part 2 (Final Stage)
Part 2: this model will be used for Final stage analysis
Boundary conditions
Groups for construction stages (structure, boundary and load groups)
Abutments
Loads
Static load cases
Self weight
Superimposed dead load
Pretensioning force of hangers
Moving load
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Groups for construction staging
Group Tab ( Tree Menu)
1. Define the Groups for
- Structure: Deck Stage 1 to 4,
Arch Stage 1 to 5, Hanger 1 to 30,
Temp Restrain 1 to 4, Lack of Fit
(all hangers), cross beams
- Boundary: End Supports, Temp
Supports 1 to 4
- Load Group: Self Weight , SDL,
Pretension 1 to 30
24
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Abutments
Boundary Define Supports
1. Select Nodes at the left and the
right end of the bridge
2. Boundary Group Name End
Supports
3. Select Dall 2
1
4. Click Apply
4 1
25
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Static load cases
Load Static Loads Static Load
Cases
1. Name Self Weight
2. Type Dead Load
3. Click Add
Similarly Define SDL with Type Dead
Load and Pretension 1 to 30 with
type Prestress (PS) 3
1
26
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Self weight
Load Static Loads Self Weight
1. Load Case Name Self Weight
2. Load Group Name Self Weight
3. Z -1
4. Click Add
27
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Superimposed dead load
3
Load Static Loads Element
1. Load Case Name SDL
2. Load Group Name SDL
3. w -70 lb/in
4. Select all longitudinal girders (tie)
5. Click Apply
28
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Pretensioning Load
Hanger 5
1
Hanger 2
2
Hanger 1
4
3
5 Load Temp./Prestress Pretension Loads
1. Load Case Name Prestress 1
2. Load Group Name Prestress 1
3. Prestress Load: 1 lb
4. Select 1st hangers from left (group: Hanger 1)
5. Click Apply
6. Repeat the process for all hanger groups
29
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Moving Load
Load Moving load
1. Select AASHTO-LRFD
2. Click Traffic Line Lanes
3. Add
4. Name: Lane 1
5. Eccentricity: -7.5 ft
6. Wheel Spacing: 6 ft
7. Vehicular load distribution: select
cross beam group
8. Select by 2 points
9. Select nodes 1 and 2
10. Apply
11. Repeat for Lane 2 with
eccentricity of -22.5
30
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Moving Load
Load> Moving Load Analysis Data> Moving Load case.
5
5. Enter a Load case name: MVL
6. Check or modify Multiple Presence Factor.
7.Select loading effect for sub load case as
3 6 Independent .
8. Add Sub-Load case.
9. Select one of the vehicles..
10. Scale factor as 1, and min. number of loaded lane
as 1 and max. as 2.
11. Select lanes L1 and L2.
7 12. Click OK.
13. Similarly create load case for HL-93 Tandem
Vehicle.
8 9
Load> Moving Load Analysis Data> 10
Vehicles.
1. Click Add Standard
11
2. Click on Vehicle load type
3. Select HL-93 TRK as first vehicle load
type., DLA = 33%,Click Apply
4. Select HL-93 TDM as second vehicle 12
load type. Click OK 31
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Analysis
Moving Load
Moving load tracer find critical live load configuration
Convert to static load
Final Stage Analysis
Unknown Load factors
Hanger force tuning
Construction Stage Analysis
Geometry nonlinearity
Lack of Fit force
Time History Analysis
Hanger loss
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Run analysis 1: Final Stage
33
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Results: Moving Load Tracer
Results Moving Load Moving Load Tracer Beam Force/Moment
1. Moving load case: Min MLC1
2. Element: 81
3. Apply: the vehicle arrangement that causes maximum negative bending moment will be shown
4. Click Write Min/max Load to file to save this load arrangement as a static load
34
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Load combination
Results Load Combination
1. Create a load combination which
have all load cases (SW, SDL,
Pretensions 1~30) with factor 1.
2. Name: LCB
3. Select Self Weight, Factor: 1
4. Repeat for all load cases
35
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Unknown Load Factor
The static analysis is performed on final stage model file. Initially a unit pretension force is applied on all hangers, in this stage,
after static analysis, we are going to use Unknown Load Factor function to find required pretensioned load in each hanger for
certain constrains.
Results Bridge Cable Control
Unknown Load Factor
1. Add New
2. Name: Hanger forces
3. Load Combination: Mid Span
4. Add Constraints
5. Name: Deck 131
6. Displacement
7. Node ID: 131
8. Component: Dz
9. Select Inequality
10. Upper and lower bound: 0.75 & -0.75
11.Repeat the process for Nodes 132 to 137
36
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Unknown Load Factor
1. Load Comb: LCB
2. Square
3. Both
4. Check all Pretension load cases as
Unknown
5. Select all Constraints
6. Click get Unknown Load Factors
37
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Hanger forces
Factors are calculated for each
hanger. This factor is the
required pretensioning force to
satisfy previously defined
constraints. To generate the
corresponding load
combination:
1. Click Make Load
Combination
2. Name: Hanger forces
3. Ok
4. Influence Matrix could be
extracted by selecting
Influence Matrix.
5. Ok
38
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Hanger forces
The load factors, which are required pretensioning forces to be applied to each hanger
was calculated and a new load combination is created and the results could be checked
under this load combination.
Now the effect of change in pretensioning level of each hanger could be investigated by
using Cable Tuning function. The effect of such change on structure response could be
monitors as well.
The pretensioning loads obtained at this step, will be used for construction stages analysis.
39
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Hanger force tuning
Results Bridge Cable Control
Cable Force Tuning
1. Load Combination: Hanger force
2. Name: Hanger forces
3. Click to generate new results
4. Name: Deck moment
5. Group: Deck stage 4
6. Type: Beam force, MY
7. x-Axix: +DX, Element
8. Add
9. Close
10. By changing in level of
pretensioning of each hanger,
bending moment changes
11. Save load combination as a new
combination with all the changes
40
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
New set up for construction stages (modeling-part 3)
this model will be used for Construction stage analysis
Boundary conditions
Temporary supports
Construction Stages set up
Define stages
CS analysis control data
Loads:
Update pretensioning force of hangers (obtained from Final Stage Analysis)
In this stage, use the same model just add 42 construction stages, temporary supports (used for erection) and
apply pretensioning forces obtained from the previous part.
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Temporary supports
Boundary Define Supports
1. Select Nodes at the 1st cross
beams from the left and support
2. Boundary Group Name Temp 1
2
Supports1
3. Select Dz
4. Click Apply
Similarly define supports for nodes 1
at other cross beams by names
Temp supports 2 and 3 as the 3
group
1
4
42
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Update pretensioning forces
Unit pretensioning forces of hanger (which
defined in the first model) should be updated
and replaced by factored obtained previously
from Unknown Load Factors function
1. Right click on Pretensioning Load and select
Tables
2. Update all prestressing by corresponding
force (factors)
3. Data could be arranged in Excel and then
copied to the table
43
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Define stages
Load Construction Stage
1. Generate
2. Name: Construction Stage
3. Suffix: 1 to 42
4. Ok
5. Change the names to:
Deck 1 ~ 4
Arch 1 ~ 5
Hanger 1 ~ 30
Remove Falsework 1 ~ 3
44
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Construction stage analysis control data
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Run analysis 2: Construction Stage
46
midas Civil
Bridging Your Innovations to Realities
Results: Lack of Fit Force
Results Results Table Construction Stage Lack of Fit Force Truss
Thank You
Pouya Banibayat, PhD
Sharing Knowledge, Gaining Experience, Making Difference
[email protected] Organized By MIDASoft, Inc.
646-852-9289
