Honeywell

KHF 950 HF/SSB SYSTEM INSTALLATION MANUAL

INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

1 . General Coverage

This section provides service personnel with installation and maintenance information
pertaining to the following KHF 950 HF/SSB Communication System components:

KCU 951 Control Unit

KFS 594 Miniature Control Unit
KA 594 Bus Adapter
KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler
KTR 953 Receiver/Exciter
KA 98 Antenna
KA 161 External Capacitor
KA 158 Bridging Amplifier
KA 160 Dual Antenna Adapter
KA 162 Dual External Capacitor

2. Unpacking

Use care when unpacking KHF 950 HF/SSB system components. Open shipping
cartons and carefully remove all items. Check that all items on the packing list are
included. Visually inspect each component for damage incurred during shipment:
dents, deep abrasions, chipped paint, etc. If any component is damaged, notify the
transportation carrier immediately.

3. Pre-installation Testing

All components of the KH F 950 HF/SSB system have been adjusted and tested before
shipment and pre-installation testing is not required. If pre-installation bench testing of
any unit is desired, refer to the bench test section of the applicable maintenance
manual. Refer to Paragraph "1.F Related Publications" for list of related maintenance
manuals.

4. Equipment Changes and Markings

A standardized marking system identifies equipment with incorporated modifications.

Refer to the Publications Index for a list of Service Bulletins affecting the various units
in the KHF 950 HF/SSB system.

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5. Installation Planning

5.A General Considerations

General information tor installation of the KHF 950 HF/SSB system, instructions for
location of system components, interwiring and cable fabrication, and mode
strapping options are provided in the following paragraphs. Interconnect diagrams
at the end of this section show the interconnection of various system components.

The KHF 950 HF/SSB system should be installed in the aircraft in a manner
consistent with acceptable workmanship and engineering practices and according
to instructions set forth in this publication.

The installer should make a thorough visual inspection and perform the post-
installation and operational checks of the system to ensure that the system has
been properly and safely installed in the aircraft.

CAUTION: AFTER INSTALLATION OF THE CABLING AND BEFORE

INSTALLATION OF THE EQUIPMENT, SUPPLY AIRCRAFT
PRIMARY POWER TO THE UNIT CONNECTORS AND CHECK
THAT POWER IS APPLIED ONLY TO THE PINS SPECIFIED IN
THE INTERWIRING DIAGRAMS.

5.B Location of Equipment

5.B.{1) KCU 951 Control Unit Mounting Location

Refer to "Figure 2028 - KCU 951 Control Unit Outline and Mounting Drawing"
for mounting dimensions.

The KCU 951 Control Unit is mounted within easy reach of the flight crew in
standard aircraft Dzus rails. If the aircraft is not equipped with Dzus fittings,
refer to "Figure 2028- KCU 951 Control Unit Outline and Mounting Drawing" for
mounting dimensions and to Paragraph "1.C Component Installation Kits
Supplied" for part numbers of Dzus rails. Dzus rails are not supplied with KHF
950 HF/ SSB system, but may be ordered separately.

5.B.(2) KFS 594 Miniature Control Unit Mounting Location

Refer to "Figure 2029 - KFS 594 Outline and Mounting Drawing" and KFS 594
Installation/ Maintenance Manual P/N 006-05575-XXXX.

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5.8.(3) KA 594 Bus Adapter Mounting Location

Refer to "Figure 2030 - KA 594 Outline and Mounting Drawing" and KA 594
Installation/Maintenance Manual P/N 006-05543-XXXX.

5.8 .(4) KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler Mounting Location

The KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler should be located as close as

possible to the antenna feed. The ideal distance is less than 6 inches (15.25
em.). A length of 18 inches (45.7 em) is the absolute maximum.

Note: The lead from the coupler to the antenna becomes a part of the
antenna and will radiate RF energy inside the fuselage, which may
cause interference with other equipment. Antenna feedlines longer
than 6 inches will reduce the efficiency of the KAC 952 Power
Amplifier/Antenna Coupler and introduce the possibility of failure to
tune at some frequencies. The coupler is equipped with a coaxial
output connector, and this feedline must be shielded by using RG-393
cable or an equivalent high voltage cable. The coaxial feedline must be
kept as short as possible to reduce losses.

The KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler should be mounted to a rigid

structure, e.g. the avionics shelf or aircraft floor. Do not locate the unit on the
aircraft skin. Refer to "Figure 2001 - KAC 952 Installation Considerations",
"Figure 2027- KAC 952 Grounding Detail", and "Figure 2031 - KAC 952 Outline
and Mounting Drawing" for additional mounting considerations.

eOT"7C1J UG\...'VI"

Figure 2001 - KAC 952 Installation Considerations

(Sheet 1 of 2)

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SIDE !.!OUNT

WIRl~IC HARNESS

CROUND STRAP

SIDE 'IIEH

NCTES:

L THE HEAT Si:NK SL;RFAC!O 72J?E.'<AT1.!RE

CAN P.ISE TO ~Fpqox. 13~c :s=CRE
INTE.=li!AL OV8Tc.\IPS~rut\E SE.'lS;;F.s
'NIU. DISABLE 7?.ANSMISSiutL
2. SHOCKS ?.E~UI~:D !~
ALL 1NS7AULAi1nNS.
3. THE CROIJNO STRAP SH:Jt:L!l ~lOT
aE 2RAIDED WIRE, 5UT A SOLID
P!~CE STRAP. ~IS CROUNO
S'i'i<AP SHCULD ~E 1:0NOE:l 70 -;:.;e
.AIP.CMF'i" S~UG"~..o'R~ CL:iSE 7C -:--:-::;
AIIT~INA FED- ~.i\U .

.t L~CiriS ilVE.~ o (IS. 2 ~:n) 'HI!..L

DECRAOE THE ?~~FGP-~ANCE
~F i'iE UNIT. :3 (.tS. 7 e~)
YAX LBIGTH ALLC'ItE!) .

Figure 2001 - KAC 952 Installation Considerations

(Sheet 2 of 2}

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5.8.(5) KTR 953 Receiver/Exciter Mounting Location

The unit should be mounted to a rigid structure, e.g. avionics shelf or aircraft
floor. Do not locate the unit on the aircraft skin. Allow one inch of free air space
around the top and sides of the unit. If the KTR 953 Receiver Exciter is mounted
at the side of the KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler do not install
adjacent to the heat sink of the KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler.
Refer to "Figure 2032 - KTR 953 Outline and Mounting Drawing" for mounting
dimensions.

5.8 .(6) Antenna Location

The antenna is a primary factor for maximum performance of the KHF 950 HF/
SSB system. While numerous options are available in the choice of antenna
configurations, some configurations are better suited for a particular installation
than others. Commonly used aircraft HF antenna will generally fall into one of
four categories:

V (Referring to the V shape formed by the antenna wire) and Long wire
antenna.
Short grounded wire antenna.
Shunt antenna.
Probe antenna.

Characteristics of these commonly used antennas and the compromise

associated with each type are described below, so the installer can select the
antenna that is best suited to a particular aircraft and type of operation. All
antennas should be installed in a manner that does not jeopardize the safe
operation of the aircraft.

5.B.(7)(a) V and Long Wire Antenna Mounting Location

Because of their generally good performance, consideration should be

given to the use of V and long wire antennas on all installations, except very
high speed fixed wing aircraft and helicopters. Wire antennas are not
recommended for use on helicopter due to safety concerns in the event of
an antenna wire breakage.

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V and long wire antenna performance will be enhanced by striving to meet

the following criteria:

Maximize the length of wire (up to approximately 60ft. or 18 m.). The

total length of the antenna should be at least 25ft. (7.6 m).
Maximize the separation between the antenna wire and the aircraft
structure. This is usually achieved by attaching the tensioner as high as
possible on vertical stabilizers.
The far end of the antenna should be either grounded or left open in
accordance with the criteria in ''Table 2001 - 'V'' and Long Wire Antenna
Termination Considerations".

ANTENNA LENGTH TERMINATION

25ft. (7.6 m) or less Grounded

Between 25ft (7.6m) and 30ft (9.2m) May be either open or grounded
Longer than 30ft. (9.2 m) Open
NOTE: Ungrounded (Open) antennas develop high RF voltages and therefore are not
suitable for operation above 30,000 ft. unless the KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna
Coupler is mounted in a pressurized area.

Table 2001 - "V" and Long Wire Antenna Termination Considerations

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5.B.(7)(a)1 Wing Tip V Antenna Mounting Location

The wing type V is one of the most effective HF antennas which can be
utilized on an aircraft. It is well suited for slow and moderate speed aircraft
which require optimum HF communications performance. It will exhibit a
rather omnidirectional radiation pattern, and provide good efficiency at all
frequencies. It has the disadvantages of having high drag, and on low wing
aircraft is prone to being walked into. The length of a wing tip "V" antenna is
usually 30 to 45ft. (9.2 to 13.7 m).

\CHOR AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE

SEPARATE THESE WIRES AS

MUCH AS POSSIBLE

Figure 2002 -Typical Wing Tip "V" Antenna

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5.B.(7)(a)2 Inverted V Antenna Mounting Location

The inverted V antenna is recommended when a wing V is not practical and

the antenna coupler is to be mounted in the aft position of the aircraft. The
inverted V antenna will produce maximum signal strength off the side of the
aircraft, and provide good efficiency at most frequencies. This antenna will
produce a moderate amount of drag.

The vertical fin anchor should be located as high as possible on the vertical
stabilizer. The feedthru insulator should be located approximately 3 ft. (0.9
m) forward of the base of the vertical stabilizers and near the centerline of
the top of the aircraft.

INSULATED ANTENNA WIRE

\ANCHOR AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE
[

INSULATED TENSION UNIT

VERTICAL FIN ANCHOR

LOCATION OF KAC 952

Figure 2003 - Typical Inverted "V" Antenna

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5.B.(7)(b) Long Wire Antenna Mounting Location

The long wire antenna is used when the KA 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna
Coupler is located in the forward part of the aircraft. It will provide maximum
signal radiation off the sides of the aircraft, and ex hibit good efficiency, even
at the lower frequencies. Significant nulls in signal strength may be noted off
the nose and tail of the aircraft.

GROUND
/ (IF NECESSARY)
~..,.---ANCHOR AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE

LOCATION OF KAC 952

Figure 2004 - Typical Long Wire Antenna

5.B.(7)(c) Short Grounded Wire Antenna Mounting Location

Short grounded wire antennas may be utilized on higher speed and/or high
altitude aircraft. These short wire antennas have a minimum drag. and do
not develop as high of RF voltages as do the longer wire antennas, making
them suitable for operations up to 55,000 ft. However the efficiency of the
short antenna will be lower, especially at the low frequencies.

Typical short wire antennas lengths from around 8 ft. (2.4 m) to 18ft. (5.5
m). Grounded wire antennas less than 10ft. (3 m) long must use a KA 161
External Capacitor or KA 162 Dual External Capacitor with -02, -12 versions
)
\
of the KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler. Also, the large antenna
currents require the use of a wire with low RF resistance (i. e., large diameter
and highly conductive surface) to reduce the power losses in the wire. The
feed line and the antenna grounding must have very low RF resistance. Only
tensioner with an attached ground wire should be used to terminate the
antenna.

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5.B.(7)(c)1 Short Wire to Vertical Stabilizer Antenna Mounting Location

The most common form of short grounded wire antennas have the feedthru
insulator mounted on the upper aft part of the fuselage, as far forward of the
vertical stabilizer as practical. The antenna wire runs from th is feedthru to
the tip of the vertical stabilizer. It is important to ground this wire as high as
possible on the vertical stabilizer to maximize the efficiency and to reduce
the nulls in the pattern. This antenna will generally exhibit maximum
radiation off the side of the aircraft.

ANCHOR AS HIGH AS POSSIBL

LOCATION OF KAC 952

AND KA 161 OR KA 162

Figure 2005 -Typical Short Wire to Vertical Stabilizer Antenna

5.B.(7)(c)2 Short Wire to Wing or Horizontal Stabilizer Antenna Mounting Location

In installations where the short wire to the vertical stabilizer may not be
practical, consideration may be given to a short grounded wire to the wing
or horizontal stabilizer. While such antennas produce only minimum drag,
they will tend to be directional off the side of the aircraft. These antennas are
also prone to being walked into. Maximum separation between the wire and
the aircraft structure is important, as is maximizing the length of the wire.

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LOCATION OF KAC 952AND

KA 161 OR KA 162

Figure 2006- Typical Short Wire to Wing Antenna

Figure 2007 - Typical Short Wire to Horizontal Stabilizer Antenna

5.B.(7){d) Shunt Antenna Mounting Location

Two types of shunt antennas are commonly used. The most preferable type,
on a fixed wing aircraft, is designed by the airframe manufacturer as a part
of the airframe structure. It is most often an electrically isolated section of
the leading edge of the vertical stabilizer, grounded at the top. The other
type of shunt antenna is often referred to as a tranline or towel bar, which is
simply a rod or tube run external to a section of the airframe and grounded.

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Shunt antennas are suitable for high altitude aircraft because they do not
develop extremely high voltage, however they do develop extremely high
RF currents (up to 50 amps). In order to accommodate these high currents,
all shunt antennas require the use of a KA 161 External Capacitor or KA 162
Dual External Capacitor with -02, -12 versions of the KAC 952 Power
Amplifier/Antenna Coupler.

5.B.(7)(d)1 Leading Edge of Vertical Stabilizer Antenna Mounting Location

A shunt antenna that is built into the leading edge of the vertical stabilizers
has become popular on many jet aircraft. Such an antenna provides no
drag, exhibits a rather omnidirectional radiation pattern, and if well bonded
can provide moderate to good efficiencies. Good bonding of the antenna,
KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler, and KA 161 External Capacitor
or KA 162 Dual External Capacitor is essential. A large diameter feedline
exhibiting extremely low RF resistance must be used between the KA 161
External Capacitor/ KA 162 Dual External Capacitor and the antenna.

INSULATOR
(LOCATED IN LEADING
EDGE OF VERTICAL
STABILIZER)

KAC 952

ROUTE OTHER
ACFT CABLING AS FAR
FROM THE HF ANTENNA
AS POSSIBLE

Figure 2008 - Typical Shunt Leading Edge Antenna

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5.B.(7)(d)2 Shorted Tranline or Towel Bar Antenna Mounting Location

Grounded tranline (transmission line), often referred to as towel bar

antennas because their shape resembles a towel bar, are best suited for
helicopter applications. They can be attached parallel to the tailboom, and
fed on the forward end. These antennas should be used on fixed wing
aircraft only if no other options are practical. These antennas provide
minimum drag, but suffer from poor efficiencies, especially at the low
frequencies. Loss with this type of antenna can be minimized by observing
the following criteria:

Space the antenna as far off the airframe as possible, 18 in (0.46 m) is

preferred, with spacing of Jess than 9 in (23 em) being unacceptable.

The antenna diameter should be a minimum of 1 in (2.54 em), and

constructed out of a highly conductive material. Copper or aluminum is
generally used, with silver plating being recommended. Stainless steel
should be avoided due to its high resistance. This antenna should be a
continuous piece (non-spliced), and well bonded at both ends.

A minimum antenna length of 12ft. (3.7 em) should be used. The

feedline coax length should be limited to 6 in (15 em).

It is preferable to attach the antenna to a protruding surface, such as a

tail boom or a stabilizer element. Attaching to a wide section of the
fuselage will generally provide poor performance.

Figure 2009- Typical Shorted Tranline or Towel Bar Antenna

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5.B.(7)(e) Probe Antenna Mounting Location

The KA 98 antenna can be used in applications where longer antennas are

not practical. Like all short antennas, a probe antenna will provide poor
efficiencies at the very low frequencies. Maximum signal strength will
generally be produced off the side of the of the aircraft. Drag will be
minimum.

On a helicopter, the best performance is obtained with the antenna mounted

forward. If aft mounted, a minimum of 3ft. (0.9 m) separation is requ ired
between the antenna probe and conductive air frame structure. O n a fixed
wing aircraft aft mounting is recommended, with the probe being free and
clear of the airframe. It is important that the probe antenna be provided with
a good RF ground. The feedline between the KAC 952 Power Amplifi er/
Antenna Coupler and the KA 98 Antenna may not exceed 18 in (0.46 m). If
the 18 inch requirement cannot be met in a particular installation,
consideration should be given to the use of a KHF 990 system.

KA Ill KAC 952

Figure 2010 -Typical KA 98 HF Antenna

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5.C lnterwiring and Cable Fabrication

5.C.(1) Fabrication and Routing

"Figure 2045- KHF 950 KCU 951) Interconnect Drawing" and ''Figure 2046-
KHF 950 12 Vdc to 28 Vdc Conversion" provide interconnect summaries of the
KHF 950 HF/SSB Communication System (with KCU 951 ).

Cabling must be fabricated according to the interwiring diagrams. The length of

the wires to parallel pins should be approximately the same length, for best
current distribution. Wires for optional functions are shown on the interwiring
diagrams. The actual use of these wires will depend upon the installation,
customer requirements and capability of the units installed.

When the cables are installed in the aircraft, they must be supported firmly
enough to prevent movement and should be carefully protected against
chafing. Additional protection should also be provided in all locations where the
cables may be subject to abuse.

In wire bundles, the cabling should not be tied tightly together as this tends to
increase the possibility of noise pickup and similar interference. When routing
cables through the airframe, the cables should cross high-level lines at a right
angle.

Wiring harness and antenna cable should be routed in such a manner that they
do not adversely affect the operation of the shock mounts.

The installer must be knowledgeable of any system variation peculiar to the

installation such as strapping requirements described in Paragraph "5.D
Strapping Options". Furthermore, the installer should use ARINC Characteristic
735 as a guide and reference throughout the fabrication and installation of the
cabling in the aircraft.

5.C.(2) Interface Capability and Requirements

All RF coaxes must be double shielded.

In systems that employ speech processing (i.e., KTR 953 Receiver/Exciter -10,
-11 ), special care should be taken in the routing of the microphone input line.
This line is susceptible to noise. It should not be routed in the same harness
containing high current lines, such as the DC Power to the KAC 952 Power
Amplifier/Antenna Coupler.

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5.C.(3) Primary Power and Circuit Breaker Requirements

The KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler must be connected to the

aircraft power with a circuit breaker with not less than a 25 AMP rating. A fuse
block and fuse should be installed to protect the individual units of the KHF 950
HF/SSB system.

A special fuse block (PIN 071-00029-0000) is required in systems that employ

speech process (i.e., KTR 953 Receiver/Exciter -10, -11) . This fused block
contains filtering capacitors to reduce potential interference and must be
installed near the KAC 952 Power Amplifier/Antenna Coupler.

5.C.(4) Antenna Cable Type

The antenna cable must be double shielded and not adversely affect the
operations of the shock mounts. RG-393 (PIN 024-0005-0060) or equivalent is
recommended for fabrication of the antenna cable.

5 .C.(5) Connectors

Mating connectors for the KHF 950 HF/SSB system components are identified
on the appropriate outline drawing. Associated connector installation kits are
specified in "Description and Operation". Crimping, insertion, extraction tools
are identified in Paragraph "5.C.(6) Crimping, Insertion and Extraction Tools".

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