GEM CITY BUSINESS COLLEGE INSTITUTE OF PENMANSHIP, ‘Nos. 508-608-510 Maine Street. Di. MUSSELMAN, Prinipat and. Propridor oa : : lait. Ae, , — Diy sacl bth Ze OE fee eels fel Li lehanaliTjeoneniin QWs chal OUshare/antuucdly Lib tusdelileon walla Meconghijand, “petaotical wcride/y Me “dy (aligailiyg eee oomd anid cofevrianhed Liigdoid Ot theedontjon : onifpelalisg le he de apictie. a eM tig ybl of AiCClldy FL aasaccounbarl Wkaitits, hed Le VEL ee peta dorbeald bea Vite de ge Ler “conife heilipe: VETTE POL a Lng gues abowl he Mev leh! Us, CELE Ge dead ifr a bi, Lepsowm BBS PYM deel Hifurgle lesvayeiil bir Mey A pI Zz all we if ee Sam ti youd, re a GE (NAA MAL MIAVY, Lite (ilazelfow ablane =HAND CHART. A ers’ SEW STANDARD y, c exe my pes one rese s,EROPORTIONS.CLAS Gece hee REE, PRNcipLes. - oe ‘ oo : o on a oon ie fi mae ork Ce ata ee een ‘SHORT LETTERS. sa22, ee LLLE LLL SEE PLETE. Li Ee _-SEMEEXTENDED LETTERS, Beane BDH Meee _ LOOP OR EXTENDED LETTERS. thee ce ‘aN EWoING WORDS. TAUGHT “IN COPY=800K No.4 AND SUCCEEDING is” shag SUGGESTION. In uusing these model capics) practice with a oie pen mayibe (lloved boy practice wile emoolh puiaier cod b those who aim to learn a business style of writing, WAITTEN BY SPENCER BROTHERS. (Correia, 1684 AND 1885, 8Y |, By T., & Co,HAND CHART, Continsced, B DIRECT-OVAL CAPITALS, REVERSED-OVAL CAPITALS, TL ABAD REVERSED-OVAL CAPITALS, CONTINUED. E SN PEAY SJ Le ALE ye G stew oaerats, conriNuED, : Eee ee ee SEAT yy bMS : ‘STANDARD PIGURES, ones ‘The vertical hight ofthe small dis the unit, called a Space, for measisiny both the lights and widibs of letters. ‘The hights ana wis of he eters re Slows cus hac he spaces Heteeh the dated Tins wp whch theleersare fomned hus: ‘hesmall | is ane space in hight aud two spaces in widlh- Phe small figures about the letters indicate the prineiples or elements of which they aze formed. ‘Thus: sinall 43s formed of principles 2, 1,2, 1,2. The letters, eaptal es well # be fully analysed by the tse ofthe rst three principles—straight line, right Curve,left curve, or extmple: ea above into principles s, 3. may also Belanalyzet into left curve, right curve lel curve ‘miall, may 21s 10, analyzed GFNOTE. Teachers who use this arrangement of copies in their classes, are not hampered by voluminous printed directions; it is deemed best to Teave each skilled teacher—and for the use of such these models are designed—to give, in freedom, the instructions he considers specially adapted to the conditions and needs of his pupils. Io make these capitals with whole-arm movement, increase the size one-half or more,—Sruvcer Brovuri WRITTEN BY SPENCER BROTHERS. COPYRIGHT, 1884 AND 1985, BY In, Boy Tie & Co,These Capitals are ;% of an inch in height for medium-sized writing. ‘They may be reduced to, in condensed writing, or, when made with whole-arm movement, be enlarged to $ of an inch for Anbiiextrots Writing, It is becoming popular fo be’able to write with both hands. Where tho right land has already been trained, its coples with pencil furnish a guide which the left can trace over with pen and ink, until both hands readily produce the same style of writing. others, he may be allowed to exercise his own individual taste, by choosing from the ~ he will thus have opportunity to develop, in an orderly way, an indi OPTIONAL STYLES OF CAPITALS. OAC BLO CEASA A IA AMM MNA AMM. Lh WIN | PLAIALA LA YPY AL. Lee, 2 G2 G3 LSEEG Ge | SUGGESTION, After the learner has been well trained in executing the “Standard” forms of the capitals, which are given as the basis of all the Warren oy Srexcen BnoTHERe, ‘duality in his Chirography. OopvnianT; 1604 AND 4908, BY 1, B.,T., & CO, c headings and signatures. Whether writing with the right or left hand, the relative position of the arm, hand, pen and paper is the same, ‘The front, right, and left oblique positions of tho body, in standing or sitting at the desk, should be understood and prec teed, giving the prefer- cence to the one which ad- mits of the best use of the light and furniture of the room, Optional” styles letter that he prefers and desires to adopt for use;POSITION AT DESK, AND PENHOLDING, SHOULD 1 BE THOROUGHLY g TAUGHT. Pirst Series. ee ef ee ee = fe ne ee eee ee Wi f Times ss movements may be regulated, as to speed and uniformity b Spunlens aetbots ote Oy aera Ee hentL hn econ dy tapping « beth le-arm Movement, used | The Kore-arm Movement is a shing and in striking larce cupi- | modification of the Whole-arm Move- tals, con the action of the whole | ment, the full muscle of the forearm ‘arm from the shoulder, ‘with the elbow | forming the centre of motion, the hand raised, | sliding on the mails of the third and The Bing i fourth Gngers. Tis use is illustrated in he-action of the fir second fingers | Exercise x b., This movement alone is | Te Combined Movement includes for pinctical writing. It is | the sweep of the Forearm Moventant e,and inthe dawnward and the shaping power of the Finger citer exer Movement, “thts & the true movement for free writing. ‘oe cuhole-arme movement, exercises stor i stroleos of th the fore-arm., rote, I be increased 0 Warren ay Srevoen BRoTWERe, —COmniaNT, 185, 1884, AND 1088) BY Ly) By Ty & Oo,Et B, R. Spencer, originator of ‘the Practical Style, which has become standard Americ: chirography, instructed _his students to “write as fast as is consistent with good form.” The Movement-Drill Exercises ace specially designed for uain- ing the arm and hand to secure that free action and sure control, lpon which mainly depends excellence in writing. A Movement Drill may properly begin each writing lesson. Second Series. Mavement-Unill Exercises . os Lee EES ELL KEN ANE TCU eS BL ELED so C24 Aate >) Gr Mi YA Li OO LG og ONDYD EAR The action of the muscles above the elbow, while the light contact of the forearm and nails of the third and fourth fingers steady the movements, are the principal agents for producing good writing with speed and endurance. WRITTEN 8Y SPENOER BROTHERS. COPYRIGHT, 1809, 1894, AND 1096, BY In, Bry Try & OD.S The fabric of writing should be made of clean, smooth Ines, showing refinement and cultivation of the sense of touch. Shading may be omitted from cxcreises and all common writing, if desired, in part or in whole, using 2 medium or coarse pen to give uniform strength to the letters, Redundant lines and combinations subserve the important purpose of Movement-Drill Exercises, but are regarded as ridicu- lously out of place if carried into a current handwriting. Simple plain writing meets the approval of intelligent people everywhere ee SERIES Mavementnill EXErrisEs. = ee Cte C eee) Z PEALE pe ae Cesena rated) S) ee me We Os LIE: HIELO, With correct position of the body, arm, hand, pen, and free movements, smooth touch, rapid correct thinking of letters and word forms, legible, practical, graceful writing, at a speed of {rom 30 to go words per minute, can be attained by a majority of learners,‘ Bas x BUSIN ESS-COLLEGE = 2NEWs— EDITION.-1867, Sag ED ae ee | ees COPYRIGHT IRSA BY 1, 8, 7. & CO,AE ALAA LP BIIIIVIP PE ETRE LE Ll LOCLLELE- Imitiatory Courses | Pringiples of the Si ee AA ALAA AI AE AD IEE AE AAI Ea LOL @EEOVEEL VE PEDEDORE” AF ECAP EPICE” tk tawtitg HO VOCCCOCCRTE 2 _CLELLEELE” ate dw babetste dé dbdidtAat Writer uy ipencer snahers, Copyright 186.%y LBL N CoLe tae & PUCALLEDF & Lihititer Eo Ltt dirk ge wea be tia Pa- I AA FICO Eo COLE HG E EUEILLLI I AAI EZ Mh adit” ef He ad dowel A fe LLGLL aS oy, EL44e 5 Yo gtited Vo Wauen by Bpedeer deltiors, Copyprght 18,23) LAT CaImitteatory Gouree, Wy, a / , ZL Le hh oe ip de O2 ee Git = Aic PEVisivi AA ef fpf pe: If 4 oe GAOL ey 4p pripiip¢e wy wellow gGoigagiat BAPEALE VT a 7 : Cs i Z Y By 7407204: Bate AE: q oe Y tpt GGG Z petcof, ie fp 2 , ged five Low bags 4 ye wa Wrctsn Oy Speear Authors, CopyriyNe 1885, TBI. 8.0lmitietory Coursc 2) a a @ Ge. 4 ape Honvinles ofthe oo i © Capnal letters ~a eH Sa seas i ae PLE a Te ae | Z Wes rider ty Spencer Auhers, Copyright 10os.oy ERE SeInitiatory Course ( Wrttinby Spencer dathorn, Copyright (8.4) TTS beorucn dy specene dette phe B86 by TB T&FImatiatery Course Leach pupil nay te permitted tv cheose tor practtee he style A capital hee HET g a MO CDE 4 GZ eS ee petbee te Cf Le a A 2 Wh UL Mies ee (A Be, Ne cedeoty, ic en oY bt ange (4 bbe Pie a Wrueen by Spencer Authors, Copyright 1888,64p EBT. & C0Initvatory Con i Vaclindg (Wo Piet Go Y Y. Young Hh Sf Se Hie eee ae Le eo oo ee PAL Aching ty ie Varefeer er F Vasher ae i a a ] Oe eg : foe ae 4 tafe a. Wilton 2y Spenuar Anthens. Coparight IAS. Oy LRT SecaTMitietory Cours BM hiatefied GIFS Ivught \tNMirfoed ee ly lititidad 24 944 7 nls we 2 Lente for eve LAGU ie fy oy EA ae ve ee A fr Vitec bite ove eLcgjul. oe 7 Z go ee ee p- ee ee fel a Abbi Ib Witten by Spenser Aethors, CopyrhyltIB6B.Y) EBL SCHe te > a wi Z Maret ati Joe A Je on atidement, plea CO Do el ie Cz Leleatege 2H CLEVBAIGE “epee 2 DOV OF G aching O00 La MAA ypet 7 “Cowie se pe OU L : e i 2 HUG TITEE GFUU ke thisdthy VWI OLE I ie Men ea ly ve ThAGLED, Zoe les (A geo Z poe oy . ve ee ttt Mai ee. V Wiinen ty Spraicer bute. Copyright I8AB.biy EB TREIMitiatory Ocvirse. Lf J Zo AOU oe 1 a AAO# Aon Lodi, foliated, | 08 TLE fee ane ey, J Ne Make Ge = he golden aeoadde, UE G Oo es Ae tffer oe AbOLDE WEIL Latif go tid ds. etl) tA Lye. Ve nai Vagiiewee (¢ BULesi Be j : es Aaja Lovieved Adepted WG eh Ze Zp oe iy L a DEVLMEVLELE, frarcvd Of LVLEILET / Wop eek yy Z ee Avian Js Lee fa UGar @ GFF _fO7F J Ses Va ve i ed GIL os ttvedt flOUO IE rates by 5 pee UB ERT KERImatie toa oo y ay eo) (rele Lae ffasete att Vesa sd BAL fettbe. (7 Ge ourse. es (bho coryfeoded Maw Er? C7 es 7 Wnty, a dhatacter tee Jobin (4AUIGE Ao 7 / fr if oe Jf f tucdid avd age tacteivdtd “Y f 5 g : ae a : vy ee uded ee te pndteted. Brenan by Sp Cpiyrighe 88h by SBT 8 CmGradiietii es Cours. ee Lo DPE b ck oe CPL! Leif citar Lo Gop BILD at ee rccen ig Spencer diners Copyright 1800 ty 2 RTS Cea Llp ov ta Graduating Course oh sed in Bus Signs and Abbreviations — AD g Affe: Ces #. Aeaeler MB i ) x 7) Ye _ Er ber? IG. Fb both Abbreviations used in Busines : i 2 oo bat Ue Oe. Sats 2 gD 7 i ame te ae SELL ed Ce Wella Dy Sparen Author Copyright BOB. Dy BD. TSCC Ppaduatine Course Heading of Bill of Purchases Oe : Led 4 A aAdiIeeT, ie Wied) g. 9 vA Jievg oo 2 CS oe VT IT 2 aeGraduating’ Course Htems from ordinary CY G A oe, of a lied OU Hf? es a (i? tp Boe ie Lae BeGraduating C Ledger Headings Oe oS, Si as Be eee G Ledger Headings Coy Loe ee aiid Seeveds oranan Copyright Rb.by THESEGradusetin’ Course 2 pao Ce LptEnedd, DEOL Bee ees we yy 5 or teed Lbey deve we ate bon Ltipa! be / pe a Alive le he Bee te SLbID! LUE! ee oe 7 Wee LE GA Zo oa VAALIOLD |Graduating Course Retna otras PILE (4 Vieukings MOV j : Aineby AAYL A Lev ade S ao Mabe Youngs ov etiler, de Uae. Wadi t! MLLLLUED, ee wpb nisl (Hf (Hie LUL if ee Witten by Spencer Anchors, Copypigtie Bs, by £912 coGraduating Course 1 fe Oe PVC i ucband J, @ ve 7, Aipeh Mi, Sbi vw demented, 28 bedvviide boy ay Lo Ze. DLO Ge a 7 ae @ Aine Co oe C Se vavelted ee oe ae Lanes (MNexety Aa GiGraduating C 5 dy bo) ee potas dé Ce Veh re yy § ( Ld ee Ye Lett0e0 Cee Lhd be a ( yy 4 Le cia Li ee SelectsCourse Continuation and Close of Business Lecter : 79 Lp LULUUOLE! ee eo 24, OA O LBA YOUE of th. Ze Ze ve of Luguat Le Yer LL. a BELIOE oS Uo Littles ttl eo AHL a fod woasded. SS CG Chey Vp Co. Lbapob ert lise a fe LIIILD | is Sees Z iy Cad: OFay eo Mier { MALS Wdisedy, YE Graduating Courses me eye fi) re ye | frill ain sect | pM L | Clu U4, EF Z > y ce ane 7 ke Mari AP, | Crcloting ge Ee, es Fo fee AE (GF. | UOLLL “of Midlte- Mitten by Spercer bathers. Copyright 268 by EDIE 0%Graduating Course Reesipt for Payment on Account JOBE ol fo 2 f oe Le hy Léctibed oy es fy oe OPEL doe pe NN tbe a 2 eae Aied Lo ‘peliy prove acetieied Wotton by Spencer daar’ Copy pight L88B.y £2. TC20 Graduating Course Bill Ca Sat SLAILELLOD, Cod fant EF. eo aoe (BG Lererecy ee We CAA Gaagerr Oe = = oa 5 = ] Es 204 Fee Mateonety, BIDE Weta by Spenser Anthorn. Copyright 1808, by 58.2 § C0Graduatins Course Single Entry Day Book yg ey (4eltwaiterrs (Ay : May ee a Le Davnfpsone, soe | | (4 Lie oe ee Lo Gr IDF 2 2F | 3 | Vb, foe) ry Cae. pie FOG PNY HOHE. by ERIS Cn30 Graduating Course x Bank Cheek ees s u . i jf oye Ss (Mn J 00. PY Oo Vee Cs Cee (Aire Lo LF ES, LO Faniete of oe CZ oe Lo Ce Ape og ae ee va ee ar etalon: Al gy oo t0leedze” Sl anid aped yee Avottlats fo VLLOOD #2 (tps VS C oy Writon by Sprreer Authors. Copyright BRE by T8180{ Y Wo, ee Yo a Ma fo, agile, a Z| “a | ere: | ne | 4 » V leene: BB AT Nye ru Sepyriphe 1886 by ERLE R Coee Graduating Course Doutie Entry Ledger foe (Bil (Nee ter VOo iu = : = Le A oes A. pe 14] 7 Sarl balee \OU,| / Cs |6 Kez oA | 27 | Fuczedts ) || 277 |7| 4 Gelli Jb, | 4| GS a (tall Hee: # ¢ | ag Wet by penser dtCraduatins Course Cash Book (Z, sth AE =F , a - | Yo 2 EF ey, 2 2 bash: HS va 4 aold 1 D> Fk ‘i “a Soy Seerittene far Gade Wetton dy Spenccr dathars, Copyptaiis 186. 0Y EE hore.Craduating Cour Ladies and contlemens Rapid Running Mand. “Cppraptte 14, ae Le fo ae ty way Eee A ye J S, Bolg te Let Le ee anliae pid tf hanes, ae oe cond. L. 4 fren eee Woven by Spencer duthars. Copyright 086 by LRT & 0%HOW TO SIT AT THE DESK HOW TO HOLD YOUR PEN. A tones: poston at ho Joy a alae fr bo Indagonmie to gord pass. fnvrtoins shold be caeflly eed. Aaah fint stot Jere i plow a the den, this oases act tha inal sccoptinne i titer atajoe thas any and ss panty i ogad te pannel ea fore cormejord noreneats tt prada lets, teal and syed tn be formed ely yes ad rogelar moveucie sonate depend pon thee of the thas of te a a my which aw ciely comovied te the prodeeton of web That pein whlch vee the mencka tee aad eu ist el the prea, 1 joie proper beight. The lelghtof ible ordedk és best, ayer toss vk slg hau vet pont, wih the fete paced eB) ‘pn he dor aed the low of th ta, fn tse le salle ia si: ter spe yon no pina patauship demanding hse atnton ‘i ales Cra th 0 ha begin lost sib 16 the pe tapropory an tat ei one e the tt Hele tags to ara got care ad fatience wil soon biog nt the dewtel rel tl wlan the erect posit {once ‘rough Maa cere ino danger of Tong We eeett the fr Neldg tho pe which ot experience a ‘mp eis Uelire tbe te ot pat ye the band betes the thon aad the fet sot acconl dagen fa sich a manner at ihe Dols sal ero the feo age Jato the Boece it, Lae the sewoud finger dnp elon fst 0th the holders ex ita he rot ofthe nl ‘ie Wet and fourth Sager moald care Donat the band ad est upc the tals. This ie tot tate meth or hlding is ey oF Went ret in hand invaahly asanea hs pin Wiles dletonsao8 the he of the acconpaeyiog fat, Bo sudor cot fa to acy enrisetpeaton av Waly aa th ‘Gemmlntnea sf a exporenved teeheeALL THE MOVEMENTS USED IN WRITING THOROUGHLY ILLUSTRATED AND EXPLAINED. There four prinelpal movements used in wating. Tho fingers tho lide, the murowlor and the whole-arm movements. he follo 1g exercises are axsangd accord ing to a new method, and it requires but very little practice with the help of the instructions given under cack exoreise to got perféot control of all | the movements, i By a little practice on those exercises, itis a very easy matter to learn to write. Te is easy onough to lena to write an elegant hhand if you have theproper instruction ; these ex- Gisisos und the following analysis of all the Lesters fell you all abou i. WWW ‘The movernnt ie mace hy the prs alone Te lan natn Apate ators with tho Ber tha th movement reere tat Tite stim —ZZZZZ222— 222227 ‘Tis movements motion of Ye arm fore th elbow wikont ‘norlng tn joints of tir the ngor or west Rese the art on tice ats to alow aud the han on ttn ends of the ae two 44 2 OE ee ) —a__———— rsh al he shirt eto oa stl a ponte ‘Tis motoment i protaed by rlling thy arm on the mule Jat Slow the eo, withont moving tho fist of ether the Sogert ‘or wt Movo the fiers, hand and arm altogether sone. This ‘moveeti aay cmablzad with he fagermvement, batt ‘nly the masenar novemeat thas natives station, for the Soger. wri ao care of therseoe. Make th st lie wit the no moreno, the Body ofthe wae nth ttn Anger movement ten fais tie rowing a cored line ofr an evand the eter with he nnselae meveteat L~ o ‘Tins one of the very best exer A very The praton mths exerse will proce womlem. A gercin wil ents ft conta of all th asvemana fa ths orerse by rating fo ‘anak, "T¥ia movement prolaced by moving ts whole ara fom the "Exod for Prartioe onthe Cup ‘The capil seme ithe wos importa pailo ad in male lng cata ltr, adit feos ofthe ver? tastoxerdses fo re sag onthe wholears moreeat WUy “Exereleo for Pranic on Diet and Tier Ova, ae Shain spd forpractoe on eter the mascalae oeANALYSIS. LZ LAN eA Aelia ODLIAT ed edigag a thf alt cit tera whe ohn wan bat ar rede ane ng osu ya iil aoa at! Copyrighted 1889, by the Publishers, KScale Showing How Much to Slant Letters. Seeeaere Dae Ce hick ae (LH bz. se LL NDL AL LE AEF 2 an VA : frou thn horizontal, tho samo a you ena thom ia the above cet a ‘ll aeo at once jist how misch to slant all the let les yt ae of the abo cn tl tse nsretions, Hs lbs one ot the ana ant Teter ble at al, just bow Copyrighted 1882, by Kwownes & Maxus, PublishersPrinciples and the Capitals A, N, M, T, F and K Thoroughly. Analyzed and Explained. ‘Copyrighted 1882, by the PublisherThe Capitals H, P, B, R, G@ and S Thoroughly Analyzed and Explained. ‘Copyrighted 1689, by the Publishors, Kxowus &The Capitals L, I, J, 0, E and D Thoroughly Analyzed and Explained.The Capitals C, X, W, Q,Z,V,U, Y, and the Character & Thoroughly Analyzed and Explained.All the Small Letters Thoroughly Analyzed and Explained.a) @ é "SIAL ns 7 C00 4 Vy yy LALA QF PTH Eee /2SLEOZEGOSPENCERIAN SCRIPT. ¢ Oued ste — ee Lan EK | Law otic 8 OuSPENCERIAN SCRIPT. G Corde Oe A ed PH na eg I lontnc OC BS VELYU Le Bihiga ee i o4 icaPROMISSORY NOTES. flegh, Mi Gos D218, Hb G De Apr opinatl pts A oe £7. i pecewvedl), 7 Wits la uw Cees ol SID ey ALM hi Ls bMOb CDesounth haf. a Lb Marconi ED 426 OE MHogyyr nibs abort hind: ey lw ona es.| GASKELL'S /COMPENDIUM OF FORMS, . EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL, LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL, Self-Teaching Course in Penmanship and Bookkeeping, ALD TO ENGLISH COMPOSITION: {Lawes ano Bv-Laves or Socin, Erquerrs ano Businsss baws avo Goynnciat Foams ‘A-Complete Guide to Parliamentary Practice, COMPLETE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF REFERENCE. pCeLAR ULE anetrateny BY PROF. G. A. GAS i G. W. BORLAND & CO. 1,ae ae RITING is the art of ex: | hiroglyphicein long documents, which subse pressing ideas by visible | quently developed into a carive hand ealed ‘igs or characters ine | Te HIERATIC. “The great body of Egyption scribed on some ea. | Iterature has reached ue through this char Teval Iti either idco- | acter graphic or phonetic. | Tix Drworic indicate arse ofthe vulgar Idsographic writing may | tongue into literary ase, which took place be either pictorial, repre: | about the beginning of the 7th century B,C seating objects by linitating thei | Hieroglyphic and Meratie papyri and ioscip forme, or symbolic, by indicating | tlons were inf transcribed fa the vulgar iam thelr aature” of proportions. til the and century A.D. etic weiting may be sylabi oalpha- | _CoPric, 2 mixture of Egyptian and Gece Betie. In the former each character | sign, isthe exclsive character of the Chrie- represent a syllable; ia the later, a | tan Egyptian literature, and marks the last Single later ‘evelopment or final decay of the Egyptian The various ancient systems of writing had | language, which became almost extinct dering probably atleast three diferent sources, the | the lattcontry, and made way for Arabic. Egyptin, the Assyrian, and the Chinese syi- | OF the thece orginal eystemo the Egyptian, of which were originally hieroglyphic. | as given above, is by far Une most important "The Egyptians practiced four distnet styles | for from ite hieratic symbols was probably of wri’ Alraglyphie,hieatc, demetic or | derived the Phenician sip, the parent of cheral, aad Cape mort all the graphic aystems of the word The invention of the old and fall Hiexo- | The Phaanicians adopted only the phonctic xeric writing ix placed much ealir than | symbols, and thas erginated the Gest purely Syon0 year belore Christ. It was originally | alphabetic system of writing imcommon use, and alter thorter methods of | Ia Tritaln there are no traces of writing im tring had been devised, i continued in use| aay shape before the Komsn conquest, when xceptionlly down to. Christian times for | Latin eters were inteduced. Since thea inpartat state Gocements, inseripnn, and | many changes have taken place, Tyas ee, relgioas compositions. in the dime of Alfred, that the reoningchand ‘The wants of reading and writing aati | frst appeared. This war followed by the (probably long before 2,000 years. belore | mixed Saxon and the slegant Saxon. The {Crist led early to the employment of linear | latter syle was brogght into aotice ia the L% r of retort on winter evenings, Spencer was fn eamest, faithful teacher, a trae fiend, fand a chirographie genins.” Thoroughly in Tove wth the art he taught, he never filed impress upon his pupils is importance and its Deauties; and long before the publication of saything “"Spencerian,” Re had become famous, His arvival in a wilage was heralded asthe evetof the year Tn northeastern Oo, teaching war done, we see evidences to-day of his succes, in the good peamanship of many of the peo Ble. Nowhere ele in this country certain ly among no farming population as this wat then, and is princi pally yet— will be found 0 many excel lent writers atin the counties where Spon cer taught. Many of his best pupils of thore days among the living—are now engaged in teaching reiting in business where most of Wis colleges; foorard te occupy the 4 postions now offering therein, and as success instructors in other elds, Tes & somewhat remarkable fat that of his large fly of boys and gir, all became in youth, and grew ap to manhood and woman hood, superior writers This also shows the advantages of proper teaching that penmen, tne poets, are not born sich, but made Spencer died in 1864 BUGBEE, Bagbee, the mort celebrated New England ‘enman, was flly ab famous in his section a Spencer was in Oho. ughee taught throogh cout New Hampshire, and some in Vernon, His most suscesafel dassesthoae that gave him most reptation—were at Hanover, XH the set of Dartmouth College, a all Low, fone of the oldest and best of our -8e22- a1 the preparation of the hap Go ter he weer has had eon in view the wants of both sexes and ofeverye adn fr bas et be as endeavored to mest. hem al, To the writing caper A] tie youn ty wo well a the ‘commonschool teicher a wll | acthe profession Penman, ill ad tothei individ: | fal ec No labor oF ex i pease has been spared in making It I] the standard on this, 4 the ook EE Segers iN center mainly in | the iets ste plat writing fe each as has met with more fiom the basiness community thm any other that has been published during the past quar= fer of a cer, ads the nly American ae! DESCRIPTION OF THE PENMANSHIP PLATES. 30 1. Great care has been ates perlct presentaLATE IE WHOLE ARM CAPITALS!PLATE xT. ee aa — pie ee _ 7 4 o Candt!: ZZ oe Yop Chater Lt oe iy ; Sich boo Miif hse thi eee LELOPE “LE be ff Aik Afaice Larebetie: offcay AE Fete ocr d Seb CAEL Sod ella EZ A aye8 wes oth century, and lasted for measly two hone dred and filly years. Some of the fnert pekmen and bett authors on the subject have finee been Eaglshaven, The United States at the preset time has the largest proportion of population who e=n read and write of aty nation sand mote alten tion fs given to pesmanship as a branch of popular education, We have developed System of our own, the main etedit for which ‘belongs to ove wriiag-teachers and eommer- ial cllege men, who have made it a special dy, and devoted mach labor durig’ the | iver toward perfecting superior national style. “Americans may well take pide, not only ia thelr progress ia other things, but ia the fact | that no other country in the world has so many fine penmen and good rapid writers as | their own.” The English, Dstch, Germans, Taliasejand Spanish, have each contrbated largely to chirogeaphie sil by the publca- tion of many very useful and highly’ artistic ‘works on penmanship, which have served good purpose in America, as elsewhere in ving others new ideas upon which to ime prove (OF late years, particulary in our own coun- try and in England, there has been an almost ipsa deibad Gr ule, store Soupect, | Sed Grecr style than tht hitherts taught and four best commercial teachers ate now secKing to mos the forms that have become Amer- ‘anited and render them sill more American; to inpart ouch a style a wll occupy lon space, I i | ave more fecdom in its execution, and ae aver ore Gilly in othe respects the purposes of business in thie day of despatch || the good hand" of afew year ago wil | sot mect the wants of to-day and so iport- satis an elegant, easy handwriting considered | by businese men nour larger cities, that the seprant fora postion in a counting-o0m or Re “Apply in your own handoritng” ts he line which srk the poor wrter most foreibiy ‘when answering advercements for a * posi While there are at best chances for bat few to secure such clvial employment a taow dete, there are wone whatever foe thre frho cannot wrile wal {Years we muy expect to see sil greater ime provera in the handwriting of the mses Tels a desinble accomplishment forall, repay~ ing many-fol forthe time and study epeat in securing it TO STUDENTS. fh) snd neat handwriting, the mate A) ia for iestraction and practice |) herein given will, we are very | sre, prove of ‘the greatest valve, 'No- one who-takes tht mn aie eet te ing the dzetions and peaticing ‘he copies and exercises as directed ‘an fil to improve rapisly; while thotehavieg a taste for penmanship wil som acquire a realy Brtclass styl, be able to write easily with fr apy, And, if desired, to teach the system to others "Ta larger mt beat i mid that nothing of consequence in educstion is actenpliahed without stedy and labor. The accompanying Wits and rules mast be thoroughly read over frequenty refered to, and constantly applied to practice. Materials and Implements, [Nothing can be truer of the penman than that, ike every other workman, he is known by his tool.” Hie materiale and implements ‘fee cannot hope for success therein without a S sat be sited to bis wore,tba nip y istysge fe RPA EA OLELALLS 4 BOO 2. SA ULCHAUYD he OL, Lk t DohimngMATERIALS AND DUPLEWENTS, * 6 Paper. nixed with ove part of Araolds, make a mach better in ham ether alone, smal pee of Raled foolecap i the Best paper for wsein | gum arabic put into the bottle will give it practicing, and for teachers to recommend to | more body at iste Chair acholars is vertingachools and business Colleges. Ie should be frm, and suficently | But, whatever ink you gt, sce that i isnot Shick to prevent shades om showing through | of Wat uncertain sort that gives one shade on the page Ts locas wring df sites tec | Ste ert bad tl wicrest bac onan ote oF letter sie would Bein beter tate, | Writing doae with auch ink is likely to have more variety Ta color than is desirable oF es neceuary. Sill more fnportane than the paper isthe Preparing India Inks. ile implement which js to male all there Vines, guided hy your hand and brain. It| _ For leteringin'German Text, Old English, | ‘must have a Ge, ru, well-tempered point; | Church Text; in engrossing retlutions, me- iemust be clastic, and, besides these qualities, | morals, fling xp diplomas, and for” pen ‘shouldbe dnvabie, “A pon that wears ou at | drawings of all Kinds, Tadiafok fs waed. It fone stag i a poor one to uy, even if excel | comes both in bottles 3b a uid already pre. lent in other respects. Few things are more | pated, and in stick, with which the penman ‘tnoying than to be compelied to stop writing | may tale his own, The latter is by fr the ‘Gr account ofa poor pen and replace it wits | better ink. Tex made ready for ase from the beter one, To'the peaman it partieulaely | stick as follows = E Procure a sloping tay of poresain or sate Ne faerpointed seal pen will bear more | Ar end f the slope there should bea wel | than aday or two of constant service: Change’ | 16 contain and give depth to the ink. Put Whenever the pom seems to be wopn at the | isco he fray ain-nater suficent io uke the points, desi quantiy of inky and then grind the Fay Stick of ine into the water wpon the sloping bottom, st it becomes of the desired degree “he cet qualities we expect in an nk are, | of Blackness, when i is ready frases Thus that it be of good color thet does mot ade, | ceilly prepared makes very blak and tnd that fom frely fromthe pen. The ik | Baadbome tne Sow ely or the ring wl ack ie: | The ge shading ino nd oritiog ie om and comecncs. frequently done with India nk Flo ks ike Maynard & Noyes’ Aral, Davids and others, ae favorites with book Pen Wipers hecper and others who desire a lasting clo. | These do not rot the paper ike vole and | Of paper or chamois skin should always beat some other fancy inks, and wil lat ox long ae | bat, oad the pen carfally wiped before sod thestest tel romaining fran age aininct | afer wring Either of thew makes a good tnd deep in color ax when fire writen with. | penewipr, Became they leave no lint ether Maynard & Noyes, or Davide, fonr parts | or between che pen pointsBite esenials of good writing are ) acquire as soon as possible the regular and Legiitity, Rapid fs a z, : LeaIBILiTy. ves on ancther page, We would advise all these se the Beauty. | grcefal movement which comes from prac: flee on sich clementary exercises at are to begin at once combined mover quire the muscular oF explained forther on, nd to confine themselves to that until a eaey fad legible style i acquired. For rapid and onstant work this movement is comparatively tireless, andthe style which comes of Sas tention to postion, movement and | strength, eniformity, smoothness, and, in form. An illegible writer should | most eazes, beauty commence at the beginning; he | Of course LECIMILITY will be» promi= should leea the proper position st | nent clement to such as practice systematic the deck of table, of the Hand and pen, and | call.a ee SR, R the art, wil employ in ‘dition to the muscular the movements neces ee eee eurd-wrting, engrossing, ledger: Next to. Legibitty we would place Repity, since i this day int, and beaut, ither rapidly ‘or easly. oon weat Sato disse except among profe Sionalengrossers, by whom it in ail employed ‘To secure rapidity two things ae necssary, correct natural potion anda fos movement How to Sit—The body should be esect and selésupported. Te ie well, most eases, fe fordinary practic, to sit with the right side to the table, a8 shown in the cut on the following. page. Some, however, peter the Jett portion. There is really but ite prefer fence. Foe Bookkeepers at the desk the “froat™ postion is the best Pentoldag Ax shown very exactly in the caton page ta, the pen shot beheld Retveen {he thumb andthe second ager, the fret finger being on the holder just abovethepen. Therm should rest lightly upon the edge of the J ment unfixed by aay rest of the arm. The desk or table, about two laches below the | aris cand above the paper, the movement ‘elbow, onthe fleshy partef the forearm. ‘The | coming from the shoulder, the hand restig rie shoald not touch desk of paper; but the | as ft stated, upon the last two hnget os {hind and fourth agers folded under the hand | it should always. In making ange fourshad (ich pekecrnivable rest wich eceares | copia thi atoveat il fae ffeib teadiness of hoe Eady nd therefore accuracy inthe letters | BEAUTY. oweatens Am old wrting-tescher has well sid: “Tt | is not by sleight of and, nor by same pare ‘There are ree movements uted by penmen | esl movemeat which requires great sll || inwstng, the Atamtor the Finger, ced tha | Sevpy oetar at torte ern Rees of Whole-drm Tri hat the aity to exceate a god ric The Meese of Gombied Morenent—We | Va haadewstg i seqted. Tes a oe give this the firs place bee Area thing, bo any ile fatse i the Bert Sit f° thing, that demand orate Bt thetable take the pea fenton, and sonstate the above sated, —resting the erence botcen the we fem car the clbow and the goad and the very bad Hand onthe hind and Handing things fgers;whichareflded une suchas the mannerinwhell dermesth, Move the art, tre dat an for eres 0 ‘handand ager af foe ‘Under this head me may ersaz on, the tion eon propely include the Pri ine tom te trewrm near | Spl, Uniformity, and thecloow. Thismovement Tight nd Shae ie Snipa fr or Kinds of rapid writings Ht is being sed very exten Ber ‘The Ova—The ft fae sively by the Dest business weiter: both tn | princplesthe simple and compound eure, Ameriesand England, [tis combined more or | are obtained from the oval. This eat ioe: leer with the finger, the ater fn Loope and Itter og upses-lown soles bo great Beet tage Gita face tree Fees Hee the std sbenld sect beep itoutrather than to use more af i ‘The Floger Movement. —The Singer move "a vat son rmsd isa movement of the agers separately, td is aot favored by th best penmien except in cony-hand, card-marking, ee, where great precision ie required trates the division of the oval ito the curses ‘employed fa writing. ‘Teachers will do well to we this dageam when illustrating the pelaeipleron the blk The WisleArm Meviment—This is « move: | boardar P Ss NS ae Serr A gthioret’ thrur ea ) \ BH ties Ba I C0ccn 2) Dee tieaad fishes with the convex carve. When Tt willbe noicedin the above thatthe down strokes, although very short and Hight, are fr factiy straight nal letters except #0, the d | snd. Tse dowels ih | aout fit degrees. ‘The upward lines, o 3 call them, ar all curves fra, 20 called becaate i presents the onver or rounding surface to the eye, Iti Tettere like the ay dy set in which the The Fest Pricple ie the cower | The Secon Principles the concave car 1 revere of the convex, presenting (0 th the concave or hollowing surlace, Usually The analyis ofthe word aad nt its prin BS Tue coer gute ooo sis aiaan To Fith Principe is the oblique (slanting) | This includes Captes, Small Letters, Slope, isciples because it ik the most di Capitals —Captal eters should generally ris no lines hard to make with assuracy | cecypy three spaces: that i, they should be apace ois etia si Mireiteeeest cea |i Goel we cara a nado ee ee i rig mag oredr, | ek ares tea nee ore A a rage cee Seat Stones all the Z's and all the «should Be of ‘quired thatthe diferent letters should all co pond the Fis usally made wider tha the and although i occupies the same spac Tine it does not extend Below i ike widty and length, but ft i not re aiandl the S's—should be as neatly ofa ste, and asa rule, as nearly alike as possible ‘The Smal Letters—Penmen divide the sell ‘he Bfinimum, the dad Loop, andthe Litonded Stem letters int three clases Ext The i imion.—The minicnom eter is of by i Is fillsthe first space, ‘This cat All of these leters should correspond in length, Though they die in wide ested to PS aac secs, with oop hy. and 5, cnerally correspond withthe length 1 fad be ‘They should sand therefore cigs ters Tn connection wiv whole elmer The Extended Stem —There ate only four leer belonging to this clas. ‘They are the sp. qvand t. They should extend above ice the length of the saimum letters, with Pand 2 the for ‘1pe-—One thing to be avoided by all who Beal feregole leper the ltr Sal nl be 09 the sacie alan. No matter how eautflly formed the leters may bey ifthe slope is mot the same throughout the entire eee ies aa le ee loping ata nlform angle, than the moet ele- eter a slope of about ity degrees. wing. which he oe tala cc 99 degrees. Ta this portion ofthe circle con taining 90 degrecs, the penman and artist ge theslane Starting atthe soprsches the geen |g \ the engraving, the epee | oes (comcalagaiad of Sac lingo Spicing,—The spaces etwoen eters and bberween words should be as uniform in m script as fn print. The rule it lave ju tall m; between letters just enough to avoid crowding, Alivide thie subject into thre pasts! Capa, (OF all the elements of beauty, Light and Shade ae made mokt efective by the sf Cpls. — Copital eters are eau sade only npn one cneve but when large capiPLATE V Business Letter ——at. tne made i which told carves are used, the fe dowoward erp in the ovis are soe tines shaded. Generally this shade occurs 02 ticlong or eouin stroke. In ladies’ eriting it istrequemtly placed on the smaller curves, Soall Later, — The minimum eters ate seuily made without shade, though some of them in certain combinations are sometimes Staded. Tand dare generally made ith shade Iavest at the top, tapering gradually to the ae. The shade offs the eeverse off, com pesca near the ruled line and extending alow, widening #0 the end of the stroke, ‘comprise the basis of all writing “The student shoeld beggmeso pe fectly familar with tps 12 be ale to nse them correety in his practice, and to readily reeagnie thom in letters and other com Dinstions. By tang letters to icees, puting them together again, and comparing’ chem with the varios forms given herein, he wil oa kos how letters Should be made, and wil be ready for fel Tigent practice on combinations Inthe following deseripsion and analysis we ve but one alphabet, what are termed the Slandard letters, leaving the others in the topict of which we give a great variety, for the lainer to analyze himeel He ill nd therein work for his ead as wel as his hands: ‘We pce the eters in groups acgprding 10 {hei similarity ia form, commencing with the Simplest, the contracted or minim. Thece Bosnich to Sil, Minimum o Shar. 7 Alzoaze kop the shade from loops: 90 Yop ieter should be shaded ow the lop below the ruled tine, but above it, fat all” When two Teter of s kind that are usually ded come together ia the same word, only one receives ‘shade, This i parental the casein ex tended letters, ke 79, 1% ee, except is headings and sleewher, where every down stroke throughost is shaded uaioraly Figures.—Most bouk-hecpers aad business sen prefer to shade cach letter lightly and Cnifrmy. Logility inthis cae of para letters occ one sce i helt, except # fact», wich Gone wad ue fourth open “he “coed ine” inthe line upon whieh the leer rer ort buppond tore | eel od eee ZZ bigh downverdataight to role line, toward couse. Noskade Asal Pines 3 5.2 Tes eat ot vireeeake LZ tink AnalssicmPeincghes, 2, 5, Upward concave, downward stright, upward concave, down ward straight, upward concave, concave. No shade, Analjais.— 26.25.22 A hovioatal Principles, Upward concave, downward con- vex, upvard concave,” Wo shade, Analsie-—Prnciples, 2 32 Upward eoneave, downrard straight Chor), upward concer | owawaed convex (hor), upward |