"Do you know the cost of the trips?

, asked Pamela
MUCH
Pamela asked if I knew......................................................................were

During the quiz, I could not think of the correct answers to the winning question
COME
During the quiz, I was not .............................................the correct answer to the winning
question

I promised that I would think carefully about the job offer.

GIVE
I promised .............................................................................the job offer.

The group continued to walk despite rain starting to fall.

EVEN
The group carried ..................................................started to rain.

Almost all the tickets for next Saturday's concert have been sold.
HARDLY
There are .....................................................................for next Saturday

Do you think it is likely that Peter will get the job he has applied for?
CHANCE
Do you think that Peter has ........................................the job he has applied for?

My brother doesn't play tennis now as well as he used to.

BETTER
My brother used to ...................................................does now.

Clothing companies are selling an increasing number of goods on the internet.

BOUGHT
An increasing number of goods ..........................clothing companies on the internet

"Well done for scoring twice, Mark, " said the coach
PRAISED
Mark ...........................................................................for scoring twice.

You're welcome to contact me if you need more information.

TOUCH
Please feel free ..........................................................me if you need more information

Tickets for the concert cannot be bought before 12th May.

SALE
Tickets for the concert will not ...............................12th May

I didn't buy the camera because it was so expensive.

BEEN
I would have bought the camera ...................................so expensive
I don't know how wide the river is.
WHAT
I don't know ........................................of that river is
wasn't allowed to

Her parents didn't let her go to the rock concert.

ALLOWED
She .........................................go to the rock concert.
hasn't been away since

My father last went abroad in 3010

BEEN
My father ............................................2001

"Did you read the book or not?" the teacher asked me.
WHETHER
The teacher asked me ...............................the book or not.

I find that kind of music really irritating.

GETS
That kind of music rally ...................................nerves

He cycled across Italy in three weeks.

HIM
It ......................................cycle across Italy.

Our teacher always makes us do our homework before we leave the class.
ALLOWS
Our teacher ..........................leave the class until we've done our homework

It was almost dark when we got home.

UNTIL
We ......................................it was almost dark

Peter woke up early because he didn't want to miss the flight.

THAT
Peter woke up early .............................................not miss the flight

"You'd better not go for a walk", said my father.

ADVISED
My father ................................for a walk.

I wish I hadn't left the window open.

SHOULD
I ............................................the window open

All the guests enjoyed themselves at the party apart from George.
WHO
George was the ......................................enjoy himself at the party
The village is the same as it was in the 1050ss
CHANGED
The village .....................................the 1950s

Our cat was sleeping on the sofa all afternoon.

SPENT
Our cat .........................................on the sofa

It was so hot that she fainted.

IF
She ...................................................it hadn't been so hot.
would rather watch football than

I enjoy watching football more than motor racing.

RATHER
I .............................................motor racing
as soon as you recieve

Please reply immediately on receipt of this notification

SOON
Please reply .......................................this notification

The coffee machine in our office hadn't worked for three months.
OUT
The coffee machine in our office ................................for three months.

You've got to decide what you really want to do with your life.
TIME
It's...................................... what you really want to do with your life.

Each month he goes to the local hairdresser's for a haircut.

HAIR
Each month he ..................................at the local hairdresser's

It was a mistake for you to insult Sarah.

SHOULD
You ................................................Sarah

I'm sure Chris hasn't forgotten about the meeting.

HAVE
Chris ........................................about the meeting.

It's a pity we don't have a bigger apartment!

ONLY
If ..........................................a bigger apartment

The doctor told me to reduce the amount of sugar in my diet.

CUT
The doctor told me ..............................the amount of sugar in my diet.
Strong winds meant the ship couldn't leave.
PREVENTED
The ship ...................................strong winds.

Lia had not seen such beautiful flowers before.

MOST
They were .................................had ever seen.

I have finally decided to emigrate.

MIND
I have finally ......................................emigrate

Can you tell me the time?

WHAT
Do ............................................is?

Andreas doesn't like people to interrupt him when he's speaking.

OBJECTS
Andreas ........................................him when he's speaking

I packed warm clothes for the trip as I thought the weather might get cold.
CASE
I packed warm clothes for the trip ....................................cold

Unreal past:

Jack feels bad about nor writing to his friends earlier.

WISHES
Jack ..........................................his friends earlier

I think you should go home now.

TIME
I think .......................................................home

I wish I could speak Spanish.

BEING
I regret .................................................speak Spanish

I wish I was still in contact with my old school friends.

TOUCH
I wish I had ....................with my old school friends

You ought to buy some new shoes.

HIGH
It is ...............................some new shoes

I wish I .....................get a job abroad

I wish I ......................so bad at sport

wasn't
I wish I .........................lost my favourite scarf.
hadn't lost

I would really like to be able to play the piano.

WISH
I ................................................ play the piano

You answered all the questions so I'm sure you passed the exam.
MUST
You answered all the questions so .........................the exam

Writing a letter is not necessary in this case.

NEED
You .........................write a letter in this case.

Nadia left her phone on the bus, and she got to school late, too.
LEAVE
Not ............................................her phone on the bus, but Nadia got to school late too

People can't cycle here if they don't wear helmets.

ALLOWED
People aren't ...................................they wear helmets

They didn't cancel the outdoor theatre performance odespite the rain.
EVEN
The outdoor theatre performance wasn't .............was raining.

Dan played games on his computer all evening.

WHOLE
Dan .............................games on his computer

My grandmother says she remembres her childhood when we come here.

REMINDS
My grandmother says this place ...................her childhood

Do you think your mum could take us to school in her car?

LIFT
Do you think your mum would mind ......................to school in her car?

People still eat greasy food even though it is unhealthy

FACT
People still eat greasy food despite ....................unhealthy

With more sunshine, the strawberries would have ripened sooner last year
THERE
The strawberries would have ripened sooner last year ..................more sunshine

I've lived in this town for three months and I've only just started to feel at home here.
USED
It's taken me three months .....................................in this town.
Patrick said he would not apologise to me and just walked away.
REFUSED
Patrick ........................................was sorry to me and just walked away

If I were you, I wouldn't wear trainers to your job interview.

OUGHT
In my opinion, ...................................to your job interview wearing trainers

Prizes are given out when the school finishes.

PLACE
Prize giving .....................................end of each school year

I spent ages doing my homework last night.

LONG
It took ..................to do my homework last night.

It's possible that Maria forgot it was your birthday

MAY
Maria.............................it was your birthday

Danny is very disappointed that he lost the important tennis match on Saturday.
LOSING
Danny hasn't got over the ..................the important tennis match on Saturday.

Carole said it wasn't important if her guitar lesson started an hour later than usual.
MIND
Carole said she .....................................her guitar lesson an hour later than usual.

Even though Luca took the early bus, he was still late for school!
SPITE
Luca was late for school ................the early bus

Joanna decided that using an out-of-date website for her school project was pointless.
POINT
Joanna seceded that there .............................an out-of-date website for her school
project.

The suitcase is not light enough for me to carry

TOO
The suitcase ........................................for me to carry.

Despite the heat Sam kept his jacket on.

OF
In ..............................................Sam did not take his jacket off.

Swimming in the river is forbidden.

ALLOWED
You ...............................................................in the river.
aren't allowed to swim
I'm really sorry I didn't see you when you were in Paris.
REGRET
I .................................................you when you were in Paris.

The apples were too sour to eat.

SWEET
The apples were.........................................to eat.

Why did she change her plans?

REASON
What ...................................................her change of plans?.

I am not interested in sport.

INTEREST
Sport .....................................................me.

Maxine admitted that she only realised how little she knew when she started studying.
UNTIL
Maxine admitted that it was ................................she realised how little she knew.

According to one audience member it was the worst performance by the actor she had
ever seen.
NEVER
One member of the audience said that ...............................bad performance by the actor

Unfortunately, the youngsters were unaware that they would have to pay so much for
the journey.
EXPENSIVE
Unfortunately, the youngsters had not realised .................................be.

Matthew decided against accepting the job offer.

WOULD
Matthew decided that .....................................up the job offer.

The twins are so alike that you cannot distinguís one from another.
TELL
The twins are so alike that you cannot....................................them.

It's my own fault that I did so badly in the dance audition", Marianna said.
BLAMED
Marianna .................................in the dance audition

I could see the customer was shortly going to lose his temper so I left.
POINT
Seeing the customer was .......................................his temper, I left.

The bike is quite old so you should ask someone to check the brakes before you ride it.
GET
The bike is quite old so you should ..............................before you ride it.
I borrowed my sister's car because I hadn't yet saved enough money to buy my own.
UNTIL
My sister ..............................I had saved enough money to buy my own.

I was late for school because I couldn't find my bag.

TIME
I ...........................for school if I'd been able to find my bag.

Nicky was the only person who has signed up for the trip.
NOBODY
Apart ..................................their name for the trip.

I regret not listening to my teacher today.

WISH
I ...................................attention to my teacher today

"I'm very sorry but we haven't got any more chocolate ice cream," said the Walter.
RUN
"I'm very sorry but we .....................................chocolate ice cream," said the waiter

It's a pity I didn't see Jane before she went on holiday

WISH
I .................................Jane before she went on holiday

Richard only arrived just before the concert began.

TURN
Richard ..........................................until just before the concert began

Despite not feeling well, Lisa went to the cinema with her friends
ALTHOUGH
Lisa went to the cinema with her friends....................well

When does the bus leave on Sundays?

WHAT
Can you tell me .......................................on Sundays?

This computer package includes all the software.

INCLUDED
All the software ..........................this computer package.

My teacher let me leave the lesson early because I wasn't feeling wery well.
ALLOWED
I ..................................the lesson early because I wasn't feeling well.

Wear some warm clothes because it might get cold later.

CASE
Wear some warm clothes ...................................cold later
I really regret eating all that chocolate.
WISH
I really ......................................all that chocolate

"I'm sorry I didn't do my homework", said Maria.

NOT
Maria apologised .................................her homework

I missed the train because I got to the starion late.

CAUGHT
If I had got to the station on time ............................the train.

Unfortunately, I only realised I'd lost my keys when I arrived home.

UNTIL
Unfortunately,....................................I arrived home that I realised I'd lost my keys.

I'm sure Simon went home early because I can't see him anywhere.
MUST
Simon .......................................home early because I can't see him anywhere.

35 We had to finish all the work before we could leave.

UNTIL
We had to stay...............................................................all the work.

36 Tim had not expected the concert to be so good.

BETTER
The concert................................................................had expected.

37 If Cheryl doesn't train harder, she'll never get into the swimming team.
DOES
Cheryl will never get into the swimming
team.................................................................more
training.

38 'Do you realise what the time is, Steve?' asked Chris.
WHAT
Chris asked Steve.................................................................it was.

39 The company decided to advertise the job in a national newspaper.

PUT
The company decided to................................................................the job in a national
newspaper

40 At the end of his speech, the winner thanked his parents.

FINISHED
The winner................................................................his parents.

41I applied for the job a month ago.

MONTH
It................................................................I applied for the job.
42 They received many letters of support after they had appeared on television.
FOLLOWING
They received many letters of support..............................................................
on television

Daisy regretted eating so much cake.

WISH
"I wish .............................................so much cake", Daisy said.

Luis managed to fix the bicycle on his own.

SUCCEEDED
Luis ...............................................the bicycle on his own.

Bring your swimming things because it might be warm enough to go swimming.

CASE
Bring your swimming things ..........................................warm enough to go swimming.

Our teacher said we should use the information available on the internet.
ADVANTAGE
Our teacher advised us ................................the information available on the internet.

When Anne got back from holiday, I called her immediately.

SOON
I called Anne .................................back from holiday

My brother's trainers cost a lot less than mine.

FAR
My brother's trainers .........................................expensive than mine.

35 That's the strangest film I've ever seen!

STRANGE
I've................................................................film before

36 A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town.

DRIVEN
We................................................................a very friendly taxi driver.

37 My aunt was determined to pay for our tickets.

INSISTED
My aunt................................................................for our tickets.

38 The manager failed to persuade Karen to take the job.

SUCCEED
The manager................................................................Karen to take the job.

39 `I'd rather you didn't use that mobile phone in here,' said the librarian.
MIND
`Would...............................................................that mobile phone in here?' said the
librarian.
40 John impressed his new boss by settling down to work quickly.
GOOD
John ...............................................................his new boss by settling down to work
quickly.

41 Tony regrets lying to his teacher.

WISHES
Tony ...............................................................his teacher the truth.

42 I found it difficult to follow the instructions.

TROUBLE
I ...............................................................the instructions

35 John is interested in knowing more about astronomy.

LIKE
John.................................................................more about astronomy.

36 Because of the parade, we weren't allowed to park in the High Street.

LET
Because of the parade, the police wouldn't.................................................................
in the High Street.

37 'Did you see that film on television on Saturday?' Susan asked me.
SEEN
Susan wanted to know................................................................that film on
television on Saturday

38 `I'm afraid these jeans have a hole in them,' Tania told the shop assistant.
THERE
`I'm afraid that................................................................these jeans,' Tania told
the shop assistant.

39 Dan never takes any notice of my advice.

ATTENTION
Dan never................................................................my advice.

40 `Can I borrow your bicycle, Sarah?' asked Frank.

LEND
Frank asked Sarah.................................................................her bicycle

41 Maybe Peter forgot that we changed the time of the meeting.

MIGHT
Peter................................................................that we changed the time of the meeting.

42 All the children enjoy themselves at this summer camp.

FUN
Every...............................................................at this summer camp.
35 While I was on holiday, a lot of interesting things happened to me.
MY
During..............................................................a lot of interesting experiences.

36 It was careless of you to leave without locking the door.

OUGHT
You..............................................................the door before you left.

37 'Is Pete likely to change his mind?' Rob asked.

CHANCE
'Is there..............................................................changing his mind?'Rob asked.

38 Paul is the only person who has replied to the invitation.

NOBODY
Apart..............................................................replied to the invitation

39 Are you familiar with his teaching style yet?

USED
Have you..............................................................his teaching style yet?

40 It was such a sunny day that none of us wanted to do any work.

FELT
None of us..............................................................any work because it was such a sunny
day.

41 Barbara couldn't sing or dance.

UNABLE
Besides................................................................Barbara couldn't dance either.

42 Dinner will be served immediately upon our arrival at the hotel.

SOON
Dinner will be served..............................................................at the hotel.

At the time, scientists didn't realise how important their findings were
FAILED
At the time, .................................................................. of their findings.

People believe that Leonardo da Vinci foresaw the invention of the aircraft
BELIEVED
The invention of the aircraft ......................................... foreseen by Leonardo da Vinci

Mr Porter has to lock all the doors at night after everyone has left.
RESPONSIBLE
The person who .................................................... all the doors at night after everyone
has left is Mr Portee.

Jack was worried that he couldn't think of any new ideas for the advertising campaign.
INABILITY
What worried Jack ....................................... up with any new ideas for the advertising
campaign.
The pool closes in ten minutes, so there isn't enough time to go swimming now.
WORTH
It …......................................................... now as the pool closes in 10 minutes

Pavel's advice helped me so much that I was able to solve the problem immediately
SUCH
Pavel .............................................................. that was able to solve the problem
immediately.

Because she postponed buying the plane ticket, Vanessa lost the opportunity to go to
China.
PUT
If Vanessa ......................................... the plane ticket, she wouldn't have lost the
opportunity to go to China.

Now the tourists have seen how beautiful it is here, there's a very good chance they'll
return.
HAVING
The tourists are ………………………………………… how beautiful it is here.

"I can't understand German as well as I used to", said Lucy

BETTER
"I used to understand ........................................................................do now," said Lucy.

Sometimes tiredness causes the machine operators to make mistakes

BECAUSE
Sometimes mistakes ..................................................................the tiredness of the
machine operators.

No one has ever stolen my car.

HAD
I have ....................................................................................stolen

My parents met for the first time thirty years ago.

THAT
It ....................................................................................my parents first met.

There are fewer people in the gym class than there were last week.
As
There .......................................................................people in the gym class as there were
last week.

Kevin started playing golf when he was 12.

TOOK
Kevin .............................................................................the age of 12.

"It was Pierre who left the door unlocked!", said Mary
ACCUSED
Mary ..................................................................................the door unlocked.
We walked through the jungle until we could go no further
FAR
We walked....................................................................go through the jungle.

Nadia left her phone on the bus, and she got to school late, too.
LEAVE
Not ............................................her phone on the bus, but Nadia got to school late too

People can't cycle here if they don't wear helmets.

ALLOWED
People aren't ...................................they wear helmets.

They didn't cancel the outdoor theatre performance despite the rain.
EVEN
The outdoor theatre performance wasn't .............was raining.

Dan played games on his computer all evening.

WHOLE
Dan .............................games on his computer

My grandmother says she remembres her childhood when we come here.

REMINDS
My grandmother says this place ...................her childhood

Do you think your mum could take us to school in her car?

LIFT
Do you think your mum would mind ......................to school in her car?

I can't talk for long as my parents think I'm doing my homework

SUPPOSED
I can't talk for long as ..........................................my homework

Mum didn't expect the tickets to be so expensive

LESS
Mum thought the tickets ...............................................they did

The path down the mountain was so slippery that it was hard for us to stay on our feet.
DIFFICULTY
The path down the mountain was so slippery that ..............................on our feet

James is the best goalkeeper at the school

THAN
James is a ......................................................else at our school

Sam is too young to learn to drive

ENOUGH
Sam isn't ............................................driving lessons
The teacher said we didn't need to spend too long on the exercise
WORTH
The teacher told us ...................................................too long on the exercise

I ran all the way to the bus stop, but it wasn't necessary as the bus was late.
HAVE
I .....................all the way to the bus stop as the bus was late.

If Max isn't interested in what we're talking about, he just starts talking about sth else.
SUBJECT
Max just ............if he's not interested in what we're talking about.

I'm sure that Paul has remembered his mum's birthday today.
can't
Paul .................his mum's birthday today

The strong wind blew down some tall trees during the night.
BY
Some tall trees.........................the strong wind during the night.

Ilona took her mobile, so she was able to call her mum.
HAVE
Llona.................................to call her mum if she hadn't taken her mobile.

Please don't stroke the dog, as he's very nervous.

RATHER
I'd ...............................stroke the dog, he's very nervous

Karen didn't really want to go to the party.

FORWARD
Karen wasn't really ...........................to the party.

Katy's parents allowed her to go swimming on her own.

LET
Katy's parents ........................................herself.

Paul now regrets spending so much time skateboarding

WISHES
Paul now ..........................................time skateboarding

It's possible that Rally took your facket home.

MAY
Rally ...............................................your jacket home.

Most people think that the climate is changing

GENERALLY
The climate ...................................changing
The film probably won't last more than two hours.
Unlikely
The film ......................................on for more than two hours

Diana has a talent for looking after young children.

CARE
Diana is very good .......................................young children

The film wasn't nearly as good as the book

MUCH
The book ..........................................................................................the film

I haven't had time to tidy up my bedroom.

ROUND
I haven't ..............................................................................up my bedroom

Jake couldn't carry on cycling along the road until he'd fixed his brakes.
STOP
Jake had .........................................................................................his brakes before he
could carry on cycling along the road

I'd rather watch football than play it.

PREFER
I ........................................................................than playing it.

"I'm sorry I missed your birthday party", Ben told Sam.

APOLOGISED
Ben ...........................................................................his birthday party

I can only come if mum says it's OK.

UNLESS
I can't .........................................................................................................me permission

I lost my way because I didn't take a map.

HAD
If I ...................................................., I wouldn't have lost my way
had taken a map

Bill Gates is thought by many people to be among the richest men in the world.
THAT
Many people .............................................world's richest men is Bill Gates.

This coffee is too weak for me.

NOT
This coffee ..............................................for me.

Have you any idea who owns this house?

HOUSE
Have you any idea ........................................................is?
It's not my fault that the car was damaged.
BLAME
Don't ........................................................being damaged.

Although my parents don't have much money, they are very generous.
DESPITE
My parents are very generous..................................................much money.
despite their not having

In 2020 my parents will celebrate twenty-five years of marriage.

BEEN
By 2020 my parents ........................................for twenty-five years.

As I had my camera with me, I was able to take lots of photos.

NOT
If I had not had my camera with me, I ...............................to take lots of photos

Farmers in the US grow a large proportion of the world's wheat.

IS
A large proportion of the world's wheat ..............................farmers in the US.

My car is being repaired tomorrow.

HAVING
I'm ............................................................tomorrow.

I'm sorry you didn't get the job you applied for.
WISH
I......................................................the job you applied for.

Greg should be here in time for lunch.

SUPPOSED
Greg ................................................here in time for lunch.

"Shall we go to the cinema?" said Maisie

SUGGESTED
Maisie .................................................the cinema.

Reserving a seat on the train isn't necessary.

NEED
You ..............................................a seat on the train

Could you close the window, please?

MIND
Would .......................................the window, please?

Jo no longer eats between meals.

UP
Jo .........................................between meals
I last saw Jean two months ago.
FOR
I .................................two months.

Amy's parents did not allow her to stay out late at night.
LET
Amy's parents .....................................out late at night

Pop in for a chat whenever you are in town

HAPPEN
If ........................................................ in town, pop in for a chat.

Paula had just reached the gate when it began to rain

THAN
No sooner ..........................................it began to rain

"Mark wrote that poem, not Ian", said Helen

IT
According to Helen, .........................................................that poem, not Ian,

Even if it is expensive, they want to stay in the hotel by the beach.

MAY
Expensive ...................................................., they want to stay in the hotel by the beach.

Unless you tell the truth, the school trip will be cancelled.
MEAN
Your failure ........................................the cancellation of the school trip.

Noriki has never been here before, so it is possible that she has got lost.
HAVE
Noriko ........................................................it is the first time she has ever been here.

"Do your homework first, and then you can go to the cinema", said Jamie's mother
LONG
Jamie's mother agreed to let him go to the cinema .............................his homework first.

Harry thought of throwing a surprise party for katie's birthday.

CAME
Harry .......................................of throwing a surprise party for katie's birthday.

They are decorating our living room, so the house is a mess

DONE
We are ..............................................., so the house is a mess!

I really hate it when people speak to me like that!

BEING
I really object ...................................like that!
I was just about to call him when he rang me instead.
POINT
I was ........................................when he rang me instead

The manager gave her secretary strict instructions that no one should be allowed to
disturb her.
CIRCUMSTANCES
"Under ............................................................................ to be disturbed!" the manager
told her secretary

Although he studies hard, Cristoph never does well in his exams

MATTER
Cristoph never does well in his exams..................................................... he studies

The town council rarely seem to consider the wishes of the residents.
INTO
The wishes of the resident rarely ............................................................. by the town
council

Carrie's mum said it was her fault the party was ruined.
BLAME
Carrie's mum ………………………………… for the party was ruined

I'm sorry I said that your new hat looked like a lampshade.
BACK
I ......................................................... about your new hat looking like a lampshade.

There were a lot of people at the resort, but Mandy still had a great time.
FACT
Mandy had a great time at the resort ......................................................... crowded.

"You left my MP3 player on the bus, Joe!" shouted Oliver.

ACCUSED
Oliver .............................................................. MP3 player on the bus.

This novel stands a very good chance of winning the book prize
HIGHLY
It is .............................................win the book prize

"You must stay and have dinner with us!" laura said to us
Staying
Laura .................................................................for dinner

If you need me, call me any time , night or day.

MATTER
Call me if you need me,...................................................be

I don't want to be disturbed at all this morning!

ACCOUNT
On ..............................................disturbed this morning!
If Mark hadn't told Bella about the letter, we wouldn't have argued
FOR
Had .........................................telling about the letter, we wouldn't have argued.

We're going to miss the start of the film if we don't hurry.

TIME
Unless we hurry, the film...................................we get there

"Mr Brown, a holiday would do you good", said Dr Mansley.

FROM
"Mr Brown, you ..................................................... a holiday". said Dr Mansley

They were never aware at any moment that something was wrong.
TIME
At ........................................................................... that something was wrong.
.
If Gary hadn't had that accident, he would have become a professional football player.
FOR
If it ..........................................., Gary would have become a professional football player.

We get on very well with Laura's parents.

TERMS
We ........................................... Laura's parents.

Someone snatched Sue's bag at the concert.

HAD
Sue ........................................ at the concert.

This wardrobe is so big that I dont believe only one person assembled it
HAVE
This wardrobe is so big.......................................................... together by only one person

1.They believe that Oliver failed his exam because he was nervous.
DOWN
Oliver's failure in his exam................. the fact that he was nervous.

2."Why didn't I ask Linda for her phone number?"thought Vince.

ASKED
"If ……………………………….Linda for her phone number!"thought Vince.

3.Gillian was the only person who didn't enjoy the party.
WITH
Everyone enjoyed the party ...................................... Gillian.

4.We didn;t think Mr. Mason was going to recover,so it was a relief when he did.
PULLED
We were relieved when Mr. Mason ……………………… but we didn't think he
would.
5."I really don't like what you are saying about me!"said Tina.
OBJECTED
Tina …………………………………… about her.

I don't mind you staying out late , but your father does, Robbie's mother told him.
RATHER
It's ............................minds you staying out late, Robbie's mother told him.

7."One thing you can do is give up smoking " said the doctor.
WERE
"If …………………………………said the doctor.

8.They think that students vandalised the school last night.

WAS
It is ………………………………….. by students last night.

2.Sally showed absolutely no fear when climbing the wall.

DISREGARD
Sally showed ............................................... own safety when climbing the wall.

3.The identity of the murderer was never discovered.

WHO
The police ........................................................... was.

4.It's not a good idea to call him just yet; said Valerie.
AGAINST
Valery advised .............................................. for a while.

6.It was only after i left the office that i realised i had forgotten the file.
DID
Only after ...................................................... i had forgotten the file.

7.If i lose this match, people will never let me forget it!
LIVE
If i lose this match, i ........................................... down!

8.Internal Affairs are investigating allegations of police fraud.

INTO
Allegations of police ...................................................... Internal Affairs.

Fatima's warm welcome surprised me

ABACK
I......................................................of Fatima's welcome

Tom hates parties, so don't try to persuade him to go.

WORTH
It ................................................................Tom into going to parties because he hates
them.
"You will have to travel a lot in this job," the manager told Sofia
INVOLVE
The manager informed Sofia .......................................a lot

We would have arrived late if Ravi's father hadn't taken us o the bus stop.
FOR
Had........................................................Ravi's father taken us to the bus stop

It is possible that Theresa took your car keys this morning by mistake.
ACCIDENTALLY
Theresa ............................................................your car keys this morning.

I didn't recognize Sara until she took off her sunglasses.

ONLY
It ............................................her sunglasses that I recognized her.

Paula knew nothing at all about who the folder belonged to and why it appeared on her
desk.
WHOSE
Paula had absolutely ____________________ and why it appeared on her desk.

1.2 Naomi said Michael should formally complain about the service they'd had at the
hotel.
MAKE
Naomi encouraged ____________________ about the service they'd had at the hotel.

1.3 The stadium was demolished in 2003, and there are still no plans to build a new one.
PLACE
The ____________________ in 2003, and there are still no plans to build a new one.

1.4 Jenny's achievements impress me much less than her sister's do.
NEARLY
I don't think Jenny's achievements are ____________________ her sister.

1.5 Unless someone comes late, we should be able to get through all the points in
today's meeting.
TURNS
As ____________________ on time, we should be able to get through all the points in
today's meeting.

1.6 I wanted to get a mechanic to service my car before I went on holiday, but I didn't
have time.
HAVE
I would like ____________________ before I went on holiday, but I didn't have time.

2.1 I only watched that film because you recommended it to me.

NEVER
I would ____________________ you hadn't recommended it to me.
2.2 It seems as if we misunderstood what the aims of the course were.
BEEN
There seems ____________________ what the aims of the course were.

2.3 The traffic was so bad that there was obviously no way we would get to the theatre
on time, so we went home.
STAND
The traffic was so bad that we obviously didn't ____________________ to the theatre
on time, so we went home

2.4 Michelle's brother talks a lot more than she does.

NOWHERE
Michelle is ____________________ her brother.

2.5 There's a rumour that Jordi Marse, the Barcelona manager, has resigned this
morning.
HANDED
Jordi Marse, the Barcelona manager, ____________________ his resignation this
morning.

2.6 I'm sure people will object to the idea of building a new runway at the city airport.
BOUND
There ____________________ the idea of building a new runway at the city airport.

3.1 We've talked a lot about Peter's description of what happened that day at the beach
and I'm sure he wasn't lying.
MUST
We've talked a lot about Peter's description of what happened that day at the beach and
he ____________________ truth.

3.2 Once Catherine moved to the Finance Department, she soon acquired more
responsibilities than she had ever had in her previous job.
LONG
Once Catherine moved to the Finance Department, it
____________________ on more responsibilities than she had ever had in her previous
job.

3.3 Radford has contributed in a useful way this season but the team would probably be
fine without him.
THOUGH
Useful ____________________ this season, the team would probably be fine without
him.

3.4 We could always rely on Maria to challenge our supervisor whenever he became too
bossy and demanding.
STAND
Maria could always ____________________ to our supervisor whenever he became too
bossy and demanding.
3.5 Everyone in the office was really surprised when the manager decided to cancel the
meeting.
OFF
The manager's decision to ____________________ as a real surprise to everyone in the
office.

3.6 John said that he wouldn't hesitate to recommend Elaine for the coaching job at
Darnell Sports Centre.
HAVE
John said that he ____________________ Elaine for the coaching job at Darnell Sports
Centre.

4.1 I was really surprised to bump into Marianne at the airport.

LAST
Marianne ____________________ to bump into at the airpor

4.2 I was amazed that John stopped eating meat completely in an attempt to improve his
health.
GAVE
Much ____________________ eating meat completely in an attempt to improve his
health.

4.3 Like many students, Joe would find it very difficult to pay for everything he needs if
his parents didn't help him.
ENDS
Like many students, Joe would have great ____________________ the help of his
parents.

4.4 My tutor says she's been too busy to read my essay, but she'll mark it by the end of
the week.
ROUND
My tutor says she ____________________ my essay yet, but she'll mark it by the end
of the week.

4.5 You can understand why Andrew's comments upset Sofia so much.
BLAMED
Sofia can't ____________________ at Andrew's comments.

4.6 'I promise I will never tell anyone about the missing files,' said Jenny.
WORD
Jenny ____________________ never tell anyone about the missing files.

5.1 I'm sorry now that we didn't save a bit more money for the holidays.
SET
I wish ____________________ a bit more money for the holidays.

5.2 When people treated Emily like a child, she didn't like it.
RESENTED
Emily ____________________ she was a child.
5.3 Reducing the time we spend on boring paperwork would be good for all of us.
INTEREST
It would be in ____________________ on the time we spend on boring paperwork.

5.4 My cousins, Joe and Ben, are identical twins and when they were small my dad
could never work out who was who.
DIFFERENCE
My cousins, Joe and Ben, are identical twins and when they were small my dad could
never ____________________ of them.

5.5 Stefano thought that no one had done much to prepare for Alicia 's farewell
party.
THAT
Stefano was under ____________________ done to prepare for Alicia's farewell party .

5.6 People usually need specific qualifications to get onto the nursing course, but they
said they would treat Maria differently because of her practical experience.
EXCEPTION
People usually need specific qualifications to get onto the nursing course, but they
agreed ____________________ case because of her practical
experience.

6.1 Enrico doesn't cook for himself in the evenings because he's too lazy.
BOTHERED
Enrico ____________________ for himself in the evenings.

6.2 When questioned by journalists, the company director said he had never had any
involvement in discussions about a merger with another organisation.
BEING
When questioned by journalists, the company director ____________________
discussions about a merger with another organisation.

6.3 Why ever did it never occur to me to ask my grandmother if she knew when the
picture had been taken?
EARTH
Why ____________________ of asking my grandmother if she knew when the picture
had been taken?

6.4 I'm sure that facing such an experienced opponent as Maria Suarez wasn't easy, but
Ellie played very well.
COME
It can't ____________________ against such an experienced opponent as Maria Suarez,
but Ellie played very well.

6.5 'Please do whatever you can to persuade your colleagues to bring the date of the
meeting forward,' Selina said to David.
UTMOST
Selina urged ____________________ persuade his colleagues to bring the date of the
meeting forward.
6.6 The new square has made the town centre nicer, but public transport could still be
improved a lot.
ROOM
The new square has made the town centre nicer, but there's still plenty
____________________ as public transport is concerned.

7.1 My boss says he has no intention of making anyone redundant, even though the
situation is difficult for the company right now.
DREAM
My boss says he ____________________ off, even though the situation is difficult for
the company right now.

7.2 They say New York was a rather aggressive city 20 years ago but it feels quite
friendly these days.
SUPPOSED
New York ____________________ a rather aggressive city 20 years ago but it feels

7.3 Jenny was the person who really didn't want to tidy up after the party.
OBJECTED
It ____________________ up after the party.

7.4 The new software isn't the main point for discussion tomorrow, but should anyone
raise the subject by any chance, I'll give my views.
HAPPENS
The new software isn't the main point for discussion tomorrow, but if the
____________________ up by anyone, I'll give my views.

7.5 'As we climb higher, it gets harder to breathe,' our guide warned us at the start of the
trek.
THE
Our guide warned us that the higher ____________________ get.

7.6 Only when Yoshi was promoted to his new job did he realise how much he was
appreciated by his colleagues.
UNTIL
It ____________________ his new job that he realised how much he was appreciated
by his colleagues.

8.1 Make sure you know what the time is, otherwise you'll miss the start of the play.
TRACK
Make sure you ____________________ as not to miss the start of the play.

8.2 It didn't take Steven long to show his true character.

MATTER
It was ____________________ Steven showed his true character.

8.3 If we take everything into account, the street party was a great success in the end.
CONSIDERED
All ____________________ out to be a great success in the end.
8.4 Everyone was horrified when the new manager dropped Ripley from the first team
and picked Conway instead.
LEFT
To ____________________ of the first team by the new manager and he picked
Conway instead .

8.5 The company's owners are quite radical because they've got rid of a whole layer of
managers, and they've introduced flexible working time.
DONE
The company's owners are quite radical because not
____________________ with a whole layer of managers, but they've also introduced
flexible working time.

8.6 The police apologised a great deal for having completely failed to recognize the
seriousness of the situation.
COMPLETE
The police were very ____________________ to recognise the seriousness of the
situation.

1-Remember to lock the door when you go to bed" Jack said to me

Forget
Jack told ................................................................. lock the door when I went to bed.

2- The audience didn't like the speaker's jokes

down
The speaker's jokes................................................................ the audience

3- Ruby's ambition was to become an actor.

Take
What Ruby would like.........................................................acting as a career

4- Why did you turn down the offer of a job?

Persuade
What was ............................................................... accept the job offer?

5- It's our parents' 25th wedding anniversary next year.

Married
Next year our parents .............................................................. for 25 years.

- Unless you get here soon, we'll leave without you.

Mean
If you don't turn ............................................................. we'll have to leave without you.

- "Why did Tom act in such an irresponsible way? Asked Chloe

So
Chloe wanted to ....................................................................... irresponsibly.
8- Everything was fine before Emily arrived and then things started to go wrong.
Only
It ......................................................... that everything started to go wrong
was only when Emily arived

Jessica is looking well these days, I suddenly thought

STRUCK
IT ......................................................is looking well these days.

Some people are very happy when they have a pet to look after
TAKE
Having a pet ...................................................some people very happy

It's highly likely that they will cancel the concert.

STRONG
There's a ....................................................will be cancelled

We were incredibly surprised when we found the letter

DISCOVERY
The ...........................................................a great surprise to us

He didn't play in the game because he'd hurt his back.

PREVENTED
As a result of his back injury ...............................in the game

You can come to the meeting or not- I don't really mind.

ATTEND
Whether or not ................................really matters to me

I didn't mean all those things about your sister- I'm sorry.
TAKE
I'm sorry. I .........................................about your sister

Nick said we should reduce the amount of salt in our food

cut
We ...............................................................of salt in our food, according to Nick.

Tina would not allow me to go into the house

FROM
Tina...................................................... into the house

Public opinion has shifted noticeably in recent years

CHANGE
There....................................... public opinion in recent years

- You usually think the same as I do about most things

EACH
We usually................................................ about most things
I used to get in my mother's way a lot as a child
FEET
I was.......................................................... when I was a child

- I hear she's made a lot of money in recent years.

REPUTED
She........................................... a lot of money in recent years.
despite not being a

DESPITE
I managed to get good grades...................... very good student.

Philip would always seem very nervous.

ACROSS
Philip used .................................................. a very nervous man.

My exam results will decide whether I get the job or not.

DEPENDS
Whether or not I .......................................... I do my exams

"You should stop your children watching so much television"; Mary's sister told her
LET
Mary's sister advised her ...................................... so much television

The local council wants to impose a ban on driving at more than 30 kms per hour
anywhere in this area.
ILLEGAL
The local council wants to ......................................... at more than 30 kms per hour
anywhere in this area.

Tom missed his plane because he was late leaving for the airport
TIME
If only .......................for the airport, he wouldn't have missed his plane.

The guidelines for the appointment of new staff need to be thoroughly revised.
THOROUGH
There needs ..................................the guidelines for the appointment of new staff

The employment rate rose gradually as the economy began to recover.

GRADUAL
There ........................................the employment rate as the economy began to recoverr

The change in the company's logo didn't make any difference to the majority of its
customers.
CONSEQUENCE
The change in the company's logo .....................................to the majority of its
customers.
The other students don't mind whether you give your presentation on Thursday or
Friday.
DIFFERENCE
It ....................................the other students whether you give your presentation on
Thursday or Friday.

"What are you thinking of doing for the college's centenary celebration?" the tutor asked
the students.
MIND
The tutor asked the students what ....................for the college's centenary celebration.

Dr Ramesh's colleagues regarded him so highly that they forgave his inability to
remember people's names.
HELD
Dr Ramesh.................................by his colleagues that they forgave him his inability to
remember people's names

As learning new languages had never been a problem for her, Katy didn't expect to have
any difficulties when she went to live abroad.
COME
Learning new languages had .......................her so Katy didn't expect to have any
difficulties when she went to live abroad.

I think we owe this passenger an apology, as she was apparently given the incorrect
train times by our call centre staff.
MISINFORMED
I think we owe this passenger an apology, as she seems .................train times by our call
centre staff.

If the party wins the election, which is unlikely, she'll become President.
EVENT
In the .............................the election, she'll become President

The constant public attention on famous people must have an effect on them.
EYE
Constantly ..................................must have an effect on famous people.

James would only speak to the head of department alone.

ON
James........................... to the head of department alone

This building would be ideal for our new office except that there are no parking
facilities nearby.
FROM
This building would be ideal for our new office ......................of parking facilities
nearby.
It's only because of the quality of the lead singer's voice that people listen to the album.
WORTH
It's the quality of the leas singer's voice that ..........................to

The hotel wasn't just far from the sea, it was expensive too.
ONLY
Not .........................................way from the sea, it was expensive too.

Jenny felt she had stayed too long at the party.

HIGH
Jenny felt it................................................the party

Hannah's essay doesn't have a clear enough explanation of the main point to be awarded
top marks.
CLEARLY
Hannah's essay doesn't ..........................to be awarded top marks.

Do you mind if John joins us for the meeting?

TO
Do you have ................................us for the meeting?

Dan abandoned his studies at university because he was ill.

RESULTED
Dan's .......................................his studies at university

As soon as the tennis players went onto the court, it started raining.
HAD
No ............................................onto the court than it started raining.

"We'll have to postpone the meeting until next week, as a lot of people are on leave", the
manager said.
OFF
The manager said the meeting .....................................until the following week as a lot
of people were on leave.

As visibility was getting worse and worse, Bob and Jane had to cut short their sailing
trip.
BUT
As visibility was getting worse and worse, Bob and Jane had............. cut short their
sailing trip.

Please tick this box if you don't want us to inform you about future events.
RATHER
Please tick this box if you .......................sent any information about future events.
CAE Part 4 Key word transformations
Verb phrases: give, make, get, do, take, have, keep

As long as he could see, Kevin really didn’t mind where he sat in the stadium.

DIFFERENCE

As long as he could see, ___________________________________where he sat in the

stadium.

Unfortunately I don’t have enough time to visit the gym regularly.

ABLE

If I had more time, ___________________________more regular visits to the gym.

If nobody objects, today’s class will be held on the terrace outside.

UNLESS

Today’s class will be held outside on the terrace ___________________ objections.

If you need any further information, please call me.

HESITATE

If you need any further information, ________________________________me a call.

I’ll be happy to show you round the sights of my city when you come to visit me.

TAKE

It will be a ___________________________________sightseeing tour of my city when

you come to visit me.

Like many students, Joe would find it very difficult to pay for everything he needs if his
parents didn’t help him.

ENDS

Like many students, Joe would have great _________________________ the help of
his parents.
Make sure you know what the time is, otherwise you’ll miss the start of the play.

TRACK

Make sure you _________________________________________as not to miss the

start of the play.

I’ll support you whatever you decide to do.

MATTER

I’ll support you _____________________________________ you take.

If you hadn’t helped me, I could never have moved the wardrobe.

HELP

But ___________________________________________ , I could never have moved

the wardrobe.

As long as you explain the process clearly at the conference, your boss will be pleased.

GIVE

If ____________________________________ the process at the conference, your boss

will be pleased.

They would never make a decision so quickly again.

MINDS

Never again ________________________________________so quickly.

Simon really ought to make a decision about his future.

MIND

It’s high time Simon ________________________________________ about his future.

After a sleepless night, Marta finally decided that she wouldn’t accept the job she had
been offered.
MIND

After a sleepless night, Marta finally ________________________ accept the job she
had been offered.

It was wrong of you not to tell me that information.

KEPT

You should _____________________________________________________________

me.

Paul wishes that he hadn’t started arguing with his best friend.

HAD

Paul regrets _______________________________________ with his best friend.

I really regret making such a stupid mistake.

ONLY

If ________________________________ such a stupid mistake!

It is thought that one in every five people cannot control how much they spend.

UNABLE

One in every five people is thought __________________________ their spending

under control.

‘Remember to write or phone,’ Marta said as she waved goodbye to her friend.

TOUCH

‘Don’t ______________________________ ,’ Marta said as she waved goodbye to her

friend.

Darius soon recovered after the operation on his knee and was able to rejoin the team.

MADE

After the operation on his knee, Darius __________________________ and was able to
rejoin the team.
Most of the children ignored what the teacher had told them.

NOTICE

Few of the children __________________________ what the teacher had told them.

At the beginning of the programme the panel of experts discussed the media and its
importance in education.

DISCUSSION

The panel of experts started the programme __________________________ the media

and its importance in education.

If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have become a famous art historian.

NAME

If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have __________________________ himself

as an art historian.

Paul wasn’t able to leave the house all day because of the terrible weather.

IMPOSSIBLE

The terrible weather__________________________ Paul to leave the house all day.

I’ve been greatly impressed by the way Jasper deals with problems.

MADE

Jasper’s way of dealing with problems has

_____________________________________ me.

They put Roger in charge of health and safety at the factory.

MADE

Roger _____________________________________ for health and safety in the factory.

Hilary was asked to give an explanation for making the mistake.

WHY

Hilary was asked to _____________________________________ the mistake.

In his speech, the Principal did not mention the new language courses.

REFERENCE

In his speech, the Principal ______________________________________ the new

language courses.

Despite all their efforts, they could not get the old car to start.

HARD

No matter ______________________________________ ,they couldn’t get the old car

to start.

Pavel’s advice helped me so much that I was able to solve the problem immediately.

SUCH

Pavel ______________________________________ that I was able to solve the

problem immediately.

Dr Sharp wants you to look after his patients while he’s away.

CARE

Dr Sharp would like you to ______________________________________ his

absence.

What are your plans for celebrating Nina’s birthday?

MIND

What ______________________________________ for celebrating Nina’s birthday?

Although Joe kept on attempting to contact his cousin, he didn’t manage to speak to her
until the next day.

TOUCH
Despite repeated ______________________________________ his cousin, Joe didn’t
manage to speak to her until the next day.

David said that the accident was his fault.

TOOK

David _________________________________________ the accident.

John didn’t know he had to phone his teacher if he was going to miss a class.

MEANT

John didn’t know _________________________________________ his teacher a call

if he was going to miss a class.
If you hadn’t helped me, I could never have moved the wardrobe.

HELP

But _________________________________________ , I could never have moved the

wardrobe.
class.

I thought Sue’s original plan was to move to Australia.

IMPRESSION

I _________________________________________ was originally planning to move

to Australia.

Mr Smith was well-known as a bad-tempered man, but he was also fair.

REPUTATION

Despite _________________________________________ bad-tempered, Mr Smith

was also fair.

Anne told me that she doesn’t intend to stop working.

INTENTION

Anne told me that she _________________________________________ up her job.

I don’t usually learn anything useful from TV, but last night I did.
CHANGE

It _________________________________________ useful from the television last

night.

Although we booked a table, it wasn’t necessary because the restaurant was empty.

NEED

There _________________________________________ a reservation because the

restaurant was empty.

Albert’s wife said he had to start being interested in their children’s lives.

TIME

Albert’s wife said it ________________________________________ an interest in

their children’s lives.

It was wrong of you not to tell me that information.

KEPT

You should ________________________________________ me.

It is reported that he is now recovering in hospital.

RECOVERY

He is reported _____________________________________in hospital now.

Laura’s teacher says that she doesn’t have a serious enough attitude to her work.

SERIOUSLY

Laura doesn’t _____________________________________to her teacher.

I haven’t got the energy to argue with you.

BOTHERED

I _____________________________________an argument with you.

He didn’t try to help me at all.

EFFORT

He _____________________________________any help at all.

Can I speak to you privately for a few minutes?

WORD

Can I _____________________________________you for a few minutes?

I’ve been too busy to answer my emails, but I’ll do it soon.

ROUND

I _____________________________________my emails yet, but I’ll do it soon.

Experts say that things are bound to improve.

DOUBT

Experts say that there is _____________________________________better.

He really wanted to impress the interviewers.

DESPERATE

He _____________________________________the interviewers a good impression.

He made a very quick decision and he didn’t think about the matter enough.

WITHOUT

He made a very quick decision _____________________________________to the

matter.

Could you watch my suitcases while I go and buy my ticket?

EYE
Would you mind _______________________________my suitcases while I go and
buy my ticket?

I hope to be able to see the Bolshoi Ballet when I’m in Moscow.

CHANCE

I hope I _____________________________________to the Bolshoi Ballet when I’m

in Moscow.

It was easy to find the information I needed.

DIFFICULTY

I _____________________________________hold of the information I needed.

It was such a noisy party that Sven apologised to his neighbours in writing.

DIFFICULTY

Sven wrote his neighbours _____________________________________such a noise

at the party.

University was not an option for women in the eighteenth century.

OPPORTUNITY

Women did _____________________________________to university in the

eighteenth century.

They all assume that James will be willing to work late.

GRANTED

Everyone _____________________________________that James will be willing to

work late.

Tina said she was pleased I had let her know what was going on.

PICTURE
Tina thanked me _____________________________________about what was going
on.

It was difficult to work out what had happened, because of the conflicting witness
statements.

PIECE

The conflicting witness statements _____________________________________what

had happened.

Sheila missed her train because her husband couldn’t drive her to the station.

LIFT

If Sheila’s husband had been able to _________________________________have

caught her train.

The children paid little attention to the dogs.

NOTICE

The children didn’t ____________________________________ the dogs.

I don’t mind whether we go to the seaside or not this year.

DIFFERENCE

It doesn’t ____________________________________ whether we go to the seaside or

not this year.

The teacher tried to attract our attention, but we all ignored her.

TOOK

The teacher tried to attract our attention but none of

__________________________________ her.

It’s important to consider everyone’s opinion before a final decision is made.

ACCOUNT

Everyone’s opinion must __________________________________ before a final

decision is made.
I haven’t heard from my pen friend in ages.

TOUCH

My pen friend __________________________________ me for ages.

CAE Part 4 Key word transformations

Expressing possibility, probability and certainty

Madeleine felt sure she would be offered the job.

BOUND

Madeleine felt she ____________________________ offered the job.

Boris is unlikely to win the prize.

LIKELIHOOD

There is little _______________________________________ the prize.

There’s a good chance that Takesi has seen your message.

WELL

Takesi ________________________________ your message.

I’m sure you didn’t remember to post the letter.

MUST

You ____________________________________ post the letter.

If you arrive late, the teacher may well get angry with you.

LIKELY

The teacher _______________________________ his temper with you if you arrive

late.

Do you think you might be able to help me with the essay?

CHANCE
Is ________________________________________ me with the essay?

I hope to be able to see the Bolshoi Ballet when I’m in Moscow.

CHANCE

I hope I ______________________________ to the Bolshoi Ballet when I’m in

Moscow.

University was not an option for women in the eighteenth century.

OPPORTUNITY

Women did________________________________________ to university in the

eighteenth century.

I don’t believe that Jane ran that distance in only five minutes!

POSSIBLY

Jane ___________________________________________that distance in only five

minutes!

I doubt that Simon will lend us the money.

CHANCE

I think _____________________________________________Simon lending the

money to us.

The damage to the painting is so minor that it won’t be very noticeable to most people.

HARDLY

I’m sure that most people ___________________________________minor damage to

the painting.

Remember that there’s a chance it will rain when you pack for the camping trip.

POSSIBILITY

Please bear ________________________________mind when you pack for the

camping trip.
Experts say that things are bound to improve.

DOUBT

Experts say that there is ___________________________________________better.

I don’t think we’ll see Simon before he goes to New York.

LIKELIHOOD

There’s ______________________________________________Simon before he goes

to New York.

Everyone in my football club is sure that Portugal will win the final against England.

BEATEN

Everyone in my football club is sure that England

_______________________________ the final.

Charlotte definitely didn’t intend to return to the house until all the building work had
been done.

INTENTION

Charlotte had absolutely ________________________________________ to the house

until all the building work had been done.

Do you think Noelia is likely to win the competition?

CHANCE

Do you think Noelia is in ________________________________________the

competition?

The company is almost certain to get the contract.

EVERY

The company stands ______________________________________________ the

contract.
Pat does not intend to have a holiday this year.

INTENTION

Pat has ______________________________________________ on holiday this year.

He’s likely to lose his job if he keeps disagreeing with his boss.

DANGER

If he keeps disagreeing with his boss, he’s

__________________________________from his job.

It’s difficult to know what my reaction would have been in that situation.

HOW

I’m not ______________________________________________ in that situation.

I don’t expect the company to make a profit this year, given the economic climate.

SURPRISED

Given the economic climate, _____________________________________ the

company make a profit this year.

There is no way Lisa will give up her independence to get married.

OF

Lisa has _____________________________________________ up her independence

to get married.

I’m sure Jemma is going to become a famous model one day.

MATTER

I think it’s only ___________________________________________ Jemma becomes a

famous model.

Barbara’s parents were certain that she would be a great tennis player.

DOUBT
Barbara’s parents were ______________________________________________ that
she would be a great tennis player.

It’s very unlikely that Martin will win the 100 metres, as he’s out of training.

CHANCE

Martin has almost __________________________________ the 100 metres, as he’s out

of training.

Now the tourists have seen how beautiful it is here, there’s a very good chance they’ll
return.

HAVING

The tourists are highly ___________________________________________ how

beautiful it is here.

The weather was getting worse, so Joe was forced to give up his attempt to climb to the
summit.

BUT

Due to the worsening weather, Joe had _______________________________________

to give up his attempt to climb to the summit.

It was impossible to predict all the problems that we faced when we built our own
house.

PREDICTED

Nobody could ___________________________________________ face so many

problems when we built our own house.

It might get cold when you’re out this evening, so it’s probably a good idea to take
gloves.

CASE

It’s probably worth ______________________________________ cold when you’re

out this evening.

Anne told me that she doesn’t intend to stop working.

INTENTION

Anne told me that she _______________________________________________up her

job.

CAE Part 4 Key word transformations

Wishes - regrets

Sandra regrets not being able to visit her grandmother more often.

WISHES

Sandra ____________________________ visit her grandmother more often.

Paul wishes that he hadn’t started arguing with his best friend.

HAD

Paul regrets _______________________________________ with his best friend.

I really regret making such a stupid mistake.

ONLY

If ________________________________ such a stupid mistake!

Jill wished she had tried to have a better relationship with her father.

GET

Jill regretted ____________________________________better with her father.

I wish Jack had bought tickets for Venice but we went to Paris instead.

RATHER

Jack bought us tickets to Paris but I _______________________________ to Venice.

Gail wished she had followed David’s suggestions about preparing for the interview.

DOING

Gail regretted ________________________________________ about preparing for the

interview.
I wish I could have finished my biology project on time.

ABLE

I regret not ___________________________ my biology project finished on time.

I’m sorry now that we didn’t save a bit more money for the holidays.

SET

I wish ________________________________________________ a bit more money for

the holidays.

It’s a pity Nico is so unreliable.

COUNT

I wish I _____________________________________________ Nico.

I wish I hadn’t said that to her.

TAKE

If only _________________________________________________I said to her.

CAE Part 4 Key word transformations

Phrasal verbs

Should you see Jack this evening, give him my regards.

HAPPEN

If you ______________________into Jack this evening, give him my regards.

Unless someone comes late, we should be able to get through all the points in today’s
meeting.

TURNS

As ________________________________________on time, we should be able to get

through all the points in today’s meeting.

The new software isn’t the main point for discussion tomorrow, but should anyone raise
the subject by any chance, I’ll give my views.
HAPPENS

The new software isn’t the main point for discussion tomorrow, but if the
__________________________________________________ up by anyone, I’ll give
my views.

Because she postponed buying the plane ticket, Vanessa lost the opportunity to go to
China.

PUT

If Vanessa _______________________ the plane ticket, she wouldn’t have lost the
opportunity to go to China.

John needs to arrive soon or we’ll have to go without him.

BEHIND

We’ll have to ___________________________________________turns up soon.

If we take everything into account, the street party was a great success in the end.

CONSIDERED

All _______________________________________out to be a great success in the end.

The company is unable to guarantee an allocated car-parking space to all employees.

COUNT

The company’s employees shouldn’t ______________________________________

allocated a car-parking space.

Delia said that she would no longer tolerate her colleagues being rude.

PUT

‘ I’m not willing _________________________________from my colleagues any

longer,’ said Delia.

I’m going to eat less chocolate this year.

DOWN
I’m going to ________________________of chocolate I eat this year.

He no longer thinks he can find a job before the end of the year.

HOPE

He has given ______________________________ a job before the end of the year.

Simon really ought to make a decision about his future.

MIND

It’s high time Simon ________________________________________ about his future.

It’s so difficult to create new ideas for the festival every year!

COME

How difficult _____________________________________with new ideas for the

festival every year!

Pay claims must be submitted before the end of the month.

PUT

You have ________________________________ your pay claims before the end of the
month.

I’ve just noticed that the car has almost run out of petrol.

HARDLY

I’ve just noticed that ______________________________left in the car.

Don’t get depressed because of such a small problem.

LET

It’s such a small problem that you shouldn’t ____________________________down.

Can anyone solve this problem?

COME

Can anyone _______________________________ to this problem?

Recently, the number of people who are out of work has gone down.

DECREASE

Recently, _____________________________the number of people who are out of

work.

Why are the two figures different?

ACCOUNTS

What ___________________________________between the two figures?

The new computer game was every bit as good as Caroline had expected.

UP

The new computer game ________________________________________

expectations.

The village shop is now being managed by a national supermarket chain.

TAKEN

A national supermarket chain __________________________________of the village

shop.

After a sleepless night, Marta finally decided that she wouldn’t accept the job she had
been offered.

MIND

After a sleepless night, Marta finally ________________________ accept the job she
had been offered.

The huge traffic jam on the motorway delayed us for several hours.

HELD
The huge traffic jam on the motorway ______________________________ for several
hours.

They had very little petrol left in the car by the time they reached the filling station.

RUN

They had almost ____________________________ by the time they reached the filling
station.

I was disappointed to hear that Leo had decided not to play basketball any more.

UP

Leo’s decision to _____________________________as a disappointment to me.

The footballer injured his knee, so that was the end of his hopes of a first team place.

PAID

The footballer’s knee ____________________________ his hopes of a first team place.

Someone has suggested changing the company logo.

FORWARD

A suggestion has ___________________________________________ the company

logo.

Friends often remark on how much Clara resembles her sister.

TAKES

Friends often remark on the extent to _________________________________ her

sister.

Because of the problems with the buses that morning, all of the students came late to the
lesson.

TURNED

Because of the problems with the buses that morning, not

____________________________ to the lesson on time.
Unfortunately, Katie has decided to withdraw from the competition.

PULL

Unfortunately, Katie has made up __________________________________ the

competition.

The way he behaves is intolerable.

PUT

I can’t _____________________________________________any longer.

I’m not sure which year saw the abolition of capital punishment in this country.

DID

I’m not sure when they __________________________________ capital punishment in

this country.

It’s important to defend what you believe in when others express their doubts.

STAND

You must _____________________________________ when others express doubts

about them.

I wish I hadn’t said that to her.

TAKE

If only ___________________________________________ I said to her.

They would never make a decision so quickly again.

MINDS

Never again ________________________________________so quickly.

Jill wished she had tried to have a better relationship with her father.

GET

Jill regretted ____________________________________better with her father.

It was wrong of you not to tell me that information.

KEPT

You should _____________________________________________________________

me.

The council officer promised to get someone to remove the rubbish.

HAVE

The council officer promised he ___________________________________________

away.

Joe would only agree to continue the trip if he could drive instead of Paul.

TAKING

Joe insisted _______________________________as the driver before he would agree

to continue the trip.

I was amazed that John stopped eating meat completely in an attempt to improve his
health.

GAVE

Much _______________________________ eating meat completely in an attempt to

improve his health.

My tutor says she’s been too busy to read my essay, but she’ll mark it by the end of the
week.

ROUND

My tutor says she _______________________________ my essay yet, but she’ll mark

it by the end of the week.

I’m sorry now that we didn’t save a bit more money for the holidays.
SET

I wish ________________________________________________ a bit more money for

the holidays.

Reducing the time we spent on boring paperwork would be good for all of us.

INTEREST

It would be in _________________________________ on the time we spend on boring

paperwork.

I’m sure that facing such an experienced opponent as Maria Suarez wasn’t easy, but
Ellie played very well.

COME

It can’t _______________________________________________against such an

experienced opponent as Maria Suarez, but Ellie played very well.

Everyone was horrified when the new manager dropped Ripley from the first team and
picked Conway instead.

LEFT

To ______________________________________ of the first team by the new manager

and he picked Conway instead.

The company’s owners are quite radical because they’ve got rid of a whole layer of
managers, and they’ve introduced flexible working time.

DONE

The company’s owners are quite radical because not

_________________________________with a whole layer of managers, but they’ve
introduced flexible working time.

CAE Part 4 Key word transformations

Conditionals - advanced features

As long as he could see, Kevin really didn’t mind where he sat in the stadium.

DIFFERENCE

As long as he could see, ___________________________________where he sat in the

stadium.
Even if she runs really fast, Tina won’t get to school on time.

HOW

No _____________________________________, Tina won’t get to school on time.

Unfortunately I don’t have enough time to visit the gym regularly.

ABLE

If I had more time, ___________________________more regular visits to the gym.

If nobody objects, today’s class will be held on the terrace outside.

UNLESS

Today’s class will be held outside on the terrace ___________________ objections.

Because he thought it might break down, Dan always kept a mobile phone in his car.

CASE

Dan kept a mobile phone in his car _____________________________________

down.

Should you see Jack this evening, give him my regards.

HAPPEN

If you ______________________into Jack this evening, give him my regards.

If you need any further information, please call me.

HESITATE

If you need any further information, ________________________________me a call.

Even if we drive very fast, we’ll never get to the airport on time.

HOW

No _____________________________________, we’ll never get to the airport on time.

It’s difficult to know what my reaction would have been in that situation.

HOW

I’m not ____________________________________in that situation.

We didn’t stay long at the party because it was very noisy.

SO

If _______________________________________noise, we might have stayed longer

at the party.

Unless the weather improves, they will have to stop the tennis match.

MEAN

If the weather doesn’t get ____________________________stopping the tennis match.

Unless someone comes late, we should be able to get through all the points in today’s
meeting.

TURNS

As ________________________________________on time, we should be able to get

through all the points in today’s meeting.

I only watched that film because you recommended it to me.

NEVER

I would _________________________________________you hadn’t recommended it

to me.

I’ll be happy to show you round the sights of my city when you come to visit me.

TAKE

It will be a ___________________________________sightseeing tour of my city when

you come to visit me.

This holiday is within our price range, provided we don’t go to the expensive
restaurants in the tourist centre.
AFFORD

We ____________________________________as we avoid the expensive restaurants

in the tourist centre.

Like many students, Joe would find it very difficult to pay for everything he needs if his
parents didn’t help him.

ENDS

Like many students, Joe would have great ___________________________________

the help of his parents.

The new software isn’t the main point for discussion tomorrow, but should anyone raise
the subject by any chance, I’ll give my views.

HAPPENS

The new software isn’t the main point for discussion tomorrow, but if the
__________________________________________________ up by anyone, I’ll give
my views.

Make sure you know what the time is, otherwise you’ll miss the start of the play.

TRACK

Make sure you _________________________________________as not to miss the

start of the play.

If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have become a famous art historian.

NAME

If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have ____________________himself as an

art historian.

If you don’t pay on time, your booking will be cancelled.

RESULT

Failure to ________________________________ your booking being cancelled.

If you change any of these arrangements, please be sure to let us know.

NOTIFY

Please ensure that ___________________________________change in these

arrangements.

He’s likely to lose his job if he keeps disagreeing with his boss.

DANGER

If he keeps disagreeing with his boss, he’s _______________________from his job.

Unless the team’s performance improves, they may find they have to resign from the
league.

FORCED

If the team’s performance doesn’t get ______________________________ resign from

the league.

If your order is delayed, we will contact you.

DELAY

Should __________________________________to your order, we will contact you.

If he doesn’t get that job, who knows what he’ll do.

KNOWING

If he doesn’t get that job, _____________________________________________what

he’ll do.

It is important to be well prepared for an interview because if you make a mistake, you
may not get the job.

COST

A mistake in the interview may ____________________ so it is important to be well

prepared.

Sven would have called yesterday if he had had more time.

SHORT

Sven didn’t call yesterday _______________________________________time.

We will send your new passport tomorrow, provided your paperwork is in order.

LONG

Your new passport will ____________________________________ your paperwork is

in order.

When we arrive isn’t really important, as long as we get there.

MATTER

It really ____________________________________________________time we arrive,

as long as we get there.

I want to buy a car but, without your financial help, I’ll be unable to do it.

ABLE

I want to buy a car but I won’t _____________________________________you help

me financially.

Because she postponed buying the plane ticket, Vanessa lost the opportunity to go to
China.

PUT

If Vanessa _______________________ the plane ticket, she wouldn’t have lost the
opportunity to go to China.

Surely if Sandra had caught the train, she’d be here by now.

MISSED

Sandra _____________________________________she’d be here by now.

People say that, if you run, you burn calories efficiently.

SUPPOSED

Running _________________________________________way of burning calories.

What would you have done differently in my position last year?

SHOES

What would you have done differently if ______________________________ last

year?

I’ll support you whatever you decide to do.

MATTER

I’ll support you _____________________________________ you take.

If you hadn’t helped me, I could never have moved the wardrobe.

HELP

But ___________________________________________ , I could never have moved

the wardrobe.

The final pages were missing from the book, so I never found out who the murderer
was.

NOT

If the final pages of the book _______________________ have found out who the
murderer was.

If you need any help, you can always call me.

HESITATE

If you need any help, __________________________________________me.

John needs to arrive soon or we’ll have to go without him.

BEHIND

We’ll have to ___________________________________________turns up soon.

It might well rain tomorrow so I think you should take your umbrella.

IN
Don’t forget to take your umbrella _________________________________tomorrow.

As long as you explain the process clearly at the conference, your boss will be pleased.

GIVE

If ____________________________________ the process at the conference, your boss

will be pleased.

Without the help that Joe gave me, I don’t think I’d have finished the course.

BEEN

If it ____________________________________help, I don’t think I’d have finished the

course.

It might get cold when you’re out this evening, so it’s probably a good idea to take
gloves.

CASE

It’s probably worth ________________________________ cold when you’re out this

evening.

If we take everything into account, the street party was a great success in the end.

CONSIDERED

All _______________________________________out to be a great success in the end.

CAE Part 4 Key word transformations

Inversions

This door is an emergency exit and must never be locked for any reason.

ACCOUNT

On _____________________________be locked because it is an emergency exit.

Your mobile phone should be switched off at all times during the performance.

SHOULD

Under no _________________________________your mobile phone switched on

during the performance.
As soon as Alex finished his homework, he went out on his bike.

HAD

No ___________________________________ than he went out on his bike.

You must never let anyone else use your Identity Card.

SHOULD

Under ____________________________ let anyone else use your Identity Card.

Signing the contract without the director’s approval is not allowed.

CIRCUMSTANCES

Under _________________________________________sign the contract without the

director’s approval.

We managed to escape just before the whole building caught on fire.

HAD

No _________________________________________ the whole building caught on

fire.

Even if she runs really fast, Tina won’t get to school on time.

HOW

No _____________________________________, Tina won’t get to school on time.

It is essential that this door is kept unlocked.

SHOULD

On no __________________________________________________locked.

The service was first-class and the rooms were excellent too.
ONLY

Not _______________________________________the service was first-class too.

They would never make a decision so quickly again.

MINDS

Never again ________________________________________so quickly.