By: Satyendra Nath Dwivedi
Triune Energy Services, New Delhi
Triune Energy Services, New Delhi
Nuovo Pignone MS 1002 R regenerative cycle gas turbines, (34%
efficiency, rated 4,620 kw ISO) drives 4HG Reciprocating
Compressor to compress natural gas from the pipeline (55 Bar)into
artificial caverns (150 Bar) for storage. A two-stage epicyclic
gearbox with gear ratio of 31:1 steps down turbine shaft speed to
the compressor speed of 333 rpm.
Triune Energy Services, New Delhi
Triune Energy Services, New Delhi
Triune Energy Services, New Delhi
A Gas turbine is an Internal Combustion
Engine that converts heat energy of the fuel
into mechanical energy via three main
elements – a compressor, combustor and
turbine.
As gas turbines operate in a continuous
thermodynamic cycle, they have a higher
power density than other types of internal
combustion engines.
Triune Energy Services, New Delhi
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Work output of a gas turbine increases with:
Higher pressure ratio generated in the
compressor
Higher combustor exit temperature, normally
restricted by the high temperature capability
of combustor and turbine components
More efficient secondary systems (cooling,
sealing)
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Functionally Gas turbines may be classified in
two broad categories:
Gas Turbines for Power Generation
Gas Turbines for Mechanical Drive
Power Generation Gas Turbines are huge and
are normally operated in the Combined Cycle,
using a Steam Turbine along with a Waste
Heat Recovery Boiler.
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Combined cycle power plants feature gas and
steam turbines.
The gas turbine generates electricity using
natural gas fuel, while the steam turbine
generates electricity using waste heat from
the gas turbine.
The process is extremely efficient since
exhaust heat is re-used that would otherwise
be lost through the exhaust stack.
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A gas turbine compresses air and mixes it with
fuel. The fuel is burned and the resultant hot air-
fuel mixture is expanded through turbine blades,
making them spin about a shaft. The spinning
turbine drives a generator that converts the
spinning energy into electricity.
Exhaust heat from the gas turbine is sent to a
heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)
The HRSG creates steam using the gas turbine
exhaust heat and delivers it to the steam turbine
The steam turbine delivers additional energy to
the generator drive shaft
The generator converts the energy into electricity
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GE H Series Gas Turbine for
Power Generation
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Gas turbines for mechanical drive applications
may be classified in two broad categories:
Aero-derivative Gas Turbines
Industrial Gas Turbines
Industrial Gas Turbines are having frames,
bearings and fans of a heavier construction.
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GE Industrial Gas Turbines Mechanical Drive
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Rolls Royce Industrial Trent
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SOLAR Titan 250 (22MW)
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SOLAR Titan 250 (22MW)
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Gas turbines manufacturers for mechanical drive
applications are:
GE
Alstom
Rolls Royce
Siemens
MAN Turbo
Solar
Dresser-Rand
Mitsubishi
Niigata
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Power Generation Applications and Customers
mostly require:
Cost of Electricity
Ruggedness
Cost of Operation & Maintenance (O&M)
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Oil and Gas Applications and Customers mostly
require:
High Availability/ Reliability
Ruggedness
High Power/ Weight Ratio
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Because of these inherent market differences,
Oil and Gas Customers often insist on
Compliance to API Codes and are willing to
Accept the resultant high Turbomachinery
Costs
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Gas turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical
and Gas Industry services are covered under
API Standard 616 (Fourth Edition, August
1998)
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‘Unit Responsibility’ (in accordance with
Clause 3.5.1 of API 661) can be given either
to Gas Turbine Vendor or to Compressor
vendor.
For more complex projects ‘Unit
Responsibility’ as Prime contractor is given to
Compressor manufacturer (Gas turbine being
off-the shelf and compressor being
customized).
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As Turbocompressors are complex
mechanical devices, they require electronic
and mechanical controls as well as
instrumentation.
The Control system of a Gas turbine driven
compressor must, as a minimum, provide
following functions through a Human Machine
Interface (HMI):
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Machinery Monitoring and protection
Equipment Starting, Shutdown, and Protective
sequencing
Stable Equipment Operation
Alarm, Shutdown Logic
Backup (relay) Shutdown
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Driven Load Regulation
Fuel/ Speed Control
Process Control
Surge Control
Communication – Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) - Interface
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Thank You
Satyendra Nath Dwivedi
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