1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

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MAT1322 - Winter 2018, Assignment 4 - Winter 2018
Ryan Fabek, 1/31/18 at 11:43:44 AM EST

Question 1: Score 0.5/1

A vertical dam has the form of an isosceles trapezoid with horizontal sides parallel. The dam is 25 m high, 20 m in its
lower part and 40 m in its upper part. Finally, the dam retains 20 m of water, as indicated in the figure below.

a) Let y denote the height in meters measured from the base of the dam. The hydrostatic force exerted by the water on
the portion of the door comprised between y m and y + Δy m is approximately p (y) Δy N . What is p (y)? Note that
3
the density of water is ρ = 1000 K g / m and the acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface is g = 9.8

2
m / s . Express your answer as a formula.
Answer:
Your response Correct response
4 x
9800 ( + 20) (20 − x) 9800*(20-y)*(20 + 2*(10)*y/(25))
5

 Grade: 0/1.0

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

b) In Newtons, what is the total hydrostatic force exerted on the dam? Give the answer correct to 3 significant digits.
Answer:
Your response Correct response
49653333.33 49,653,333.3 ± 1.0%
 Grade: 1/1.0

 Total grade: 0.0×1/2 + 1.0×1/2 = 0% + 50%

Comment:
The figure below shows the dam.

Given the dam has the form of an isosceles trapezoid, it is symmetric with respect to the line M P that joins the midpoint M of its
lower horizontal side and the midpoint P of its upper horizontal side. Its width at the height y is
2 |N C | = 2 |N B| + 2 |BC | = 20 + 2 |BC | . Trivially, we know the height of the dam is |AD| = 25 and we have
40 − 20
|DE| = = 10 . Since the triangles △ ABC and △ ADE are similar and |AB| = y , we deduce that
2

|AB| ⋅ |DE| 10y

|BC | = = .
|AD| 25

Therefore, the width of the dam at height y is

2 (10y)
20 + 2 |BC | = 20 + = 20 + (4/5) y,
25
and the portion of the dam comprised between y m and y + Δy m has an area of
2
(20 + (4/5) y)Δy m .

At height y , the column of water is at (20 − y) meters, thus it exerts a pressure of 1000g (20 − y) = 9800 (20 − y)N / m . The
2

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

hydrostatic force on that portion of the dam is

(pressure) × (area) ≅ 9,800 (20 − y) (20 + (4/5) y)Δy.

Therefore,
p (y) = 9,800 (20 − y) (20 + (4/5) y).

As the submerged portion of the dam is comprised between y = 0 and y = 20 , the total hydrostatic force that is exerted on it is:
20 20
∫ p (y) dy = 9,800 ∫ (20 − y) (20 + (4/5) y) dy
0 0
20
4 3 2
= 9,800 [400  y −  y − 2  y ] ≅ 49,653,333.333333.
15 0

Question 2: Score 1/1

rx
For which values of r does the function y = e satisfy the differential equation
2
d y dy
+ 4 − 5y = 0 ?
dx
dx2
Correct
List all the values in the textbox below, separating multiple entries by a semi-colon.

Your Answer: -5;1

Comment: By substituting y = e
rx
into the differential equation, we find
2
d d
rx rx rx
0 = (e ) + 4 (e ) − 5e
2 2
dx dx

2 rx rx rx
= r e + 4re − 5e

2 rx
= (r + 4r − 5) e

rx
= (r − 1) (r + 5) e ,

hence r = 1 or −5 since erx ≠ 0 .

Question 3: Score 1/1

Associate each of the differential equations below with its corresponding slope field.

All the items matched correctly.

Correct
Match Your Choice

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

dy
= x + y
dx

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

dy
= 2x − 1
dx

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

dy
= x − y
dx

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

dy
= −y + 1
dx

Question 4: Score 0/1

Consider the initial-value problem

0.3x
y′ = , y (-2) = 0.2 .
y

(a) Use Euler’s method to estimate y (-1) with step size h = 0.5 .

Give your approximation for y (-1) with a precision of ±0.01 .

y (-1) =

Your response Correct response

-1.3 -1.126923±0.01
 Grade: 0/1.0

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

(b) Use Euler’s method to estimate y (-1) with step size h = 0.25 .

Give your approximation for y (-1) with a precision of ±0.01 .

y (-1) =

Your response Correct response

-0.55 -1.826918±0.01
 Grade: 0/2.0

 Total grade: 0.0×1/3 + 0.0×2/3 = 0% + 0%

Comment:
The differential equation we must solve is of the form y′ = F (x , y) where F (x , y) = 0.3x ∕ y .

(a) For the step size h = 0.5 , Euler’s method consists of letting x0 = -2 and y0 = 0.2 (since y (-2) = 0.2 ), and defining
recursively
x = xn + h = xn + 0.5
n+1

and
y = y + F (xn , y ) h
n+1 n n

= y + (0.3xn / y ) (0.5)
n n

= y + 0.15 (xn / y )
n n

for each n = 0, 1, 2, … so that we have y (xn ) ≅ y

n
for every n .

Since we want to approximate y (-1) , we stop once we arrive at xn = -1 .

We find:

x
1
= -2 + 0.5 = -1.5 , y
1
= 0.2 + 0.15 (-2) / (0.2) = -1.3

x
2
= x
1
+ 0.5 = -1 , y
2
= -1.3 + 0.15 (-1.5) / (-1.3) = -1.126923

Hence the answer is y (-1) ≅ -1.126923 .

(b) For a step size of h = 0.25 , once again, we let x0 = -2 and y0 = 0.2 (since y (-2) = 0.2 ), and we define recursively

x = xn + h = xn + 0.25
n+1

and

y = y + F (xn , y ) h
n+1 n n

= y + (0.3 (xn / y )) (0.25)

n n

= y + 0.075 (xn / y )
n n

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1/31/2018 University of Ottawa - Assignment 4 - Winter 2018

for each n = 0, 1, 2, … so that we have y (xn ) ≅ y

n
for every n .

Since we want to approximate y (-1) , we stop once we arrive at xn = -1 .

We find:

x
1
= -2 + 0.25 = -1.75 , y
1
= 0.2 + 0.075 (-2) / (0.2) = -0.55

x
2
= x
1
+ 0.25 = -1.5 , y
2
= -0.55 + 0.075 (-1.75) / (-0.55) = -0.311364

x
3
= x
2
+ 0.25 = -1.25 , y
3
= -0.311364 + 0.075 (-1.5) / (-0.311364) = 0.04995

x
4
= x
3
+ 0.25 = -1 , y
4
= 0.04995 + 0.075 (-1.25) / (0.04995) = -1.826918

Hence the answer is y (-1) ≅ -1.826918 .

Question 5: Score 0/1

Solve the initial-value problem shown below:
dy 4ty
= , y (0) = 2 .
dt 2
t + 1

Give an exact formula for y .

y =

Your response Correct response

1 ∣ 2 ∣
 ln( t +1 )
∣ ∣ Correct Answer not defined
2  e 2

 Grade: 0/1.0

 Total grade: 0.0×1/1 = 0%

Comment:
After separation of variables, the differential equation becomes
dy 4t
∫ = ∫ dt
y 2
t + 1

2
We deduce   ln |y| = 2  ln (1 + t ) + C where C is a constant.
2
2 ln(1+t )+C
⇒ |y| = e

2
⇒ y
2
0.4 = A(1 + t ) where A = ±e
C
.

Since y (0) = 2 , we should have A = 2 , therefore

2
2
y = 2(1 + t )

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