09 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT,

NAVIGATION

BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION

V I R T U A L

Course overview

– Airplane General
– Air Systems
– Warning Systems, Communications,
Ice & Rain Protection
N E X T G E N E R A T I O N

– Electrical
– Engines, APU, Fuel System
– Hydraulics, Flight Controls,
Landing Gear, Brakes
– Flight Instruments, Displays
V I R T U A L – Automatic Flight
– Flight Management, Navigation
– Normal Operations

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Topics Flight Management System

Controls & indicators
– Flight Management System (FMS) – Navigation Systems
Control Display Unit
– Controls & indicators – Flight Management System
• Control Display Unit – Global Positioning System - CDU display
– Page components – Inertial System - Line select keys
– Page coloring
– Radio Navigation Systems
– Data entry rules - Function keys
• Automatic Direction Finder
• FMC Source Select switch
• Distance Measuring Equipment - Execute key
• FMC Alert light
• Instrument Landing System
– System description - Execute light
• Navaid Identifiers
– Primary flight deck controls • Marker Beacons - Alphanumeric keys
– Flight Management Computers (FMCs) • VHF Omnidirectional Range
• VHF NAV Transfer switch
- Misc. keys
– FMS Operation
• Preflight – Transponder - Brightness control
• Takeoff, Climb – Weather radar - Message light
• Cruise
• Descent - Offset light
• Approach - Call light
– Thrust management
- FMC Source Select switch
- FMC Alert light

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

Control Display Unit Control Display Unit
Page Components Page Coloring
Page number
Inactive page title (cyan)
Boxes
Page title

Navaids in use
Dashes
Line title
Active state

Line Page prompt Active WP

Scratchpad
Flightplan modification
Not yet executed

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

Control Display Unit System Description
Data entry rules
The flight management system (FMS) is comprised of the following components:
115 FL115 Flight level values
Altitude 9994 9990 Altitudes below transition alt. • flight management computer system (FMCS)
00050 50 • autopilot/flight director system (AFDS)
• autothrottle (A/T)
.82 0.82 M Mach number
Airspeed • inertial reference systems (IRS)
220 220 KIAS Calibrates airspeed
• global positioning system (GPS).

310/10 310/10 Wind direction/speed

Data pairs Each of these components is an independent system, and each can be used independently
220/110 220/FL110 Waypoint airspeed/altitude
or in various combinations. The term FMS refers to the concept of joining these independent
090 090 000-360 degrees components together into one integrated system which provides continuous automatic
Bearings 3 digits navigation, guidance, and performance management.
360 000

-50 Max. negative altitude: - 1000 feet.

Positive/negative values

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

Primary Flight Deck Controls Flight Management Computer System

- AFDS MCP The FMC uses flight crew–entered flight plan information, airplane systems data, and data
from the FMC navigation database to calculate airplane present position, and pitch, roll, and
- CDUs thrust commands required to fly an optimum flight profile. The FMC sends these commands to
- EFIS Control Panels the autothrottle, autopilot, and flight director. Map and route information are sent to DUs.
- FMC Source Selector The EFIS control panels are used to select the desired information for the navigation displays.
The mode control panel is used to select the autothrottle, autopilot, and flight director
operating modes.

Control Display Units (CDUs)

Two identical, independent CDUs provide the means for the flight crew to communicate with
the FMC. The crew may enter data into the FMC using either CDU, although simultaneous
entries should be avoided. The same FMC data and computations are available on both
CDUs; however, each pilot has control over what is displayed on an individual CDU.

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight Preflight / IDENT

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight / POS INIT Preflight / POS REF

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V I R T U A L
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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight / RTE (ACT = Active, MOD = Modified) Preflight / RTE

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight / DEP ARR INDEX Preflight / DEP ARR

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight / PERF INIT Preflight / PERF LIMITS

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight / N1 LIMIT Preflight / TAKEOFF REF 1/2

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Preflight / TAKEOFF REF 2/2 Takeoff, Climb / CLB

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Takeoff, Climb / RTE LEGS Takeoff, Climb / PROGRESS

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Takeoff, Climb / N1 LIMIT Takeoff, Climb / ENG OUT CLB

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V I R T U A L
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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Takeoff, Climb / Air turnback / DEP ARR Cruise / RTE LEGS page modifications

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Cruise / SELECT DESIRED WPT Cruise / LATERAL OFFSET

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Cruise / CRZ Cruise / CRZ CLB

BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION

V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Cruise / CRZ DES Cruise / ENG OUT CRZ

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Cruise / RTE DATA Cruise / POS SHIFT (POS 3/3)

BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION

V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Cruise / FIX information page Descent, approach / DES

BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION

V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION

Flight Management System Flight Management System

FMS Operation FMS Operation
Descent, approach / DEP ARR / APP REF Descent, approach / HOLD

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V I R T U A L
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
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Flight Management System Navigation Systems

Thrust management Flight Management System

The autothrottle operates in response to flight crew mode control panel inputs or to automatic The flight management system (FMS) aids the flight crew in managing automatic navigation,
FMC commands. Reference thrust can be selected on the N1 LIMIT page. Automatic FMC in–flight performance optimization, fuel monitoring, and flight deck displays. Automatic flight
autothrottle commands are made while VNAV is engaged. functions manage the airplane lateral flight path (LNAV) and vertical flight path (VNAV). The
The autothrottle system: displays include a map for airplane orientation and command markers (bugs) on the airspeed
• uses reference thrust limits calculated by the FMC and N1 indicators to assist in flying efficient profiles.
• commands the thrust levers
• commands thrust equalization through the electronic engine controls. The flight crew enters the desired route and flight data into the CDUs. The FMS then uses its
navigation database, airplane position and supporting system data to calculate commands for
manual or automatic flight path control.
Thrust limits are expressed as N1 limits.
The FMS can automatically tune the navigation radios and determine LNAV courses. The FMS
The FMC calculates a reference thrust for takeoff, derated takeoff, assumed temperature navigation database provides the necessary data to fly routes, SIDs, STARs, holding patterns,
takeoff, climb, reduced climb, cruise, continuous, go-around. and procedure turns. Lateral offsets from the programmed route can be calculated and
commanded. For vertical navigation, computations include items such as fuel burn data,
The thrust reference mode automatically transitions for the respective phase of flight. These optimum speeds, and recommended altitudes. Cruise altitudes and crossing altitude
modes can be selected on the N1 LIMIT page. The selected thrust reference mode is restrictions are used to compute VNAV commands. When operating in the Required Time of
displayed on the thrust mode display. Arrival (RTA) mode, the computations include required speeds, takeoff times, and enroute
progress information.

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Navigation Systems Navigation Systems

Global Positioning System Intertial System

Two GPS receivers receive GPS satellite positioning signals. The left and right GPS receivers The inertial system computes airplane position, ground speed, and attitude data for the DUs,
are independent and each provides an accurate airplane geographical position to the FMC flight management system, autoflight system, and other systems. The major components of
and other aircraft systems. GPS operation is automatic. the inertial system are:
- air data inertial reference units (ADIRU)
- an inertial system display unit (ISDU)
- IRS mode select unit (MSU)
- an IRS transfer switch.
The ADIRUs provide inertial position and track data to the FMC, and attitude, altitude, and
airspeed data to the CDS. Each ADIRU has an IRS section and an air data section.

Inertial Reference System

Two independent IRSs are installed. Each IRS has three sets of laser gyros and
accelerometers. The IRSs are the airplane’s sole source of attitude and heading information,
except for the standby attitude indicator and standby magnetic compass.
In their normal navigation mode, the IRSs provide attitude, true and magnetic heading,
acceleration, vertical speed, ground speed, track, present position, and wind data to
appropriate airplane systems. IRS outputs are independent of external navigation aids.

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Navigation Systems Navigation Systems

Intertial System Radio Navigation Systems
Inertial Sys Display Unit (ISDU)
Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)
The ISDU is located on the aft
overhead panel and displays data An automatic direction finding (ADF) system enables automatic determination of magnetic and
according to the position of the relative bearings to selected facilities.
display selector and system
selector. The ISDU also contains a
keyboard for entry of present One ADF receiver is installed. The ADF bearing signal is sent to the pointer on the DUs and
position and heading. the standby radio magnetic indicator. The audio is heard by using the ADF receiver control on
the audio selector panel.
Mode Select Unit (MSU)
The MSU is located on the aft
If heading or track information is lost or
overhead panel and is used to
select the operating mode for each
invalid, ADF bearing pointers on the
IRS. Indicator lights on the MSU DUs will be removed, and ADF bearing
show status of each IRS. pointers on the standby radio magnetic
indicator will not display correct
IRS Transfer Switch magnetic bearing. Relative bearings
Should either IRS fail, the IRS indicated by pointers may be correct if
transfer switch is used to switch all the receiver is operating.
associated systems to the
functioning IRS.

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT, NAVIGATION V I R T U A L
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Navigation Systems Navigation Systems

Radio Navigation Systems Radio Navigation Systems

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Instrument Landing System (ILS)

Two frequency scanning DME systems are installed. Two ILS receivers are installed.
The ILS receivers are tuned manually on the VHF navigation control panel. The flight crew
The FMC autotunes DME receivers as necessary for position updating. During normal must manually tune the ILS for display on CDS. The ILS localizer and glideslope can also be
operations, two different DME signals or a signal from a collocated VOR/DME pair provide an displayed on the standby attitude indicator.
accurate radio geographical position to the FMC. LOC updating of the FMC occurs only after the ILS is manually tuned.The tuned ILS frequency
is displayed on the navigation display in the APP modes.
The flight crew must manually tune the DME on the VHF navigation control panel and the
respective EFIS control panel VOR/ADF switch must be in the VOR position for DME to be Marker Beacon
displayed on the CDS. DME distance is also displayed on the CDS when the ILS receivers are Marker beacon indications for outer, middle and inner marker are displayed on the upper right
tuned to a collocated DME and localizer facility. hand corner of the attitude display located on the Captain’s and First Officer’s Primary Flight
Display (PFD) units.
Very High Frequency Omni Range (VOR)
Navaid Identifier Decoding
Two VOR receivers are installed.
The Morse code identifier of a tuned VOR, ILS, or ADF can be converted to alpha characters.
The flight crew must manually tune the VOR on the navigation control panel for display on the The decoded identifier is then shown on the PFD and ND. The crew should monitor this
DUs and the standby radio magnetic indicator. VOR–DME radio updating is available if the identifier for correct navigation radio reception. The identifier name is not compared with the
crew manually tunes a valid in–range VOR station. FMC database.

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Navigation Systems Navigation Systems

Transponder Weather Radar

Two ATC transponders are installed and controlled by a single control panel. The ATC The radar indicates a cloud’s rainfall intensity by displaying colors contrasted against a black
transponder system transmits a coded radio signal when interrogated by ATC ground radar. background. Areas of heaviest rainfall appear in red, the next level of rainfall in yellow, and the
Altitude reporting capability is provided. least rainfall in green.
Transmissions are automatically enabled when the air/ground system indicates air mode. In map mode, the radar displays surfaces in red, yellow, and green (most reflective to least
reflective). These displays enable identification of coastlines, hilly or mountainous regions,
cities, or large structures. Ground mapping mode can be useful in areas where ground–based
Transponders may also transmit
navigation aids are limited.
information, such as flight number,
airspeed or groundspeed, magnetic The radar system performs only the functions of weather detection and ground mapping. It
heading, altitude, GPS position, etc., should not be used or relied upon for proximity warning or anticollision protection.
depending on the level of
enhancement. Airport equipment
monitors airplane position on the
ground when the transponder is
active (mode selector not in
STANDBY or OFF). TCAS modes
should not be used on the ground for
ground tracking.

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