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Ulaby Chapter 6 Lecture 3rd Edition

The document discusses second order circuits characterized by a second order differential equation containing two energy storage elements, a resistor, and capacitor and inductor. It provides examples of determining the initial and final conditions of RLC circuits and solving the differential equations describing the natural response. The solutions depend on whether the circuit is overdamped, underdamped, or critically damped. It also discusses using the same approach for parallel RLC circuits and op-amp based oscillator circuits.

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Syed Ali Haider
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506 views36 pages

Ulaby Chapter 6 Lecture 3rd Edition

The document discusses second order circuits characterized by a second order differential equation containing two energy storage elements, a resistor, and capacitor and inductor. It provides examples of determining the initial and final conditions of RLC circuits and solving the differential equations describing the natural response. The solutions depend on whether the circuit is overdamped, underdamped, or critically damped. It also discusses using the same approach for parallel RLC circuits and op-amp based oscillator circuits.

Uploaded by

Syed Ali Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

RLC CIRCUITS
CIRCUITS by Ulaby & Maharbiz
Overview
Second Order Circuits
A second order circuit is
characterized by a second order
differential equation
 Resistors and two energy storage
elements
 Determine voltage/current as a
function of time
 Initial/final values of
voltage/current, and their
derivatives are needed
Initial/Final Conditions

Guidelines

 vC, iL do not change


instantaneously
 Get derivatives dvC/dt
and diL/dt from iC , vL
 Capacitor open, Inductor
short at dc
Example 6-2: Determine Initial/Final Conditions

Circuit V0  24 V
I0  4 A
R1  2 
R2  4 
R3  6 
L  0 .2 H
C  8 mF

t = 0‒
Example 6-2: Initial/Final Conditions (cont.)

Given: V0  24 V
t = 0+
I0  4 A
R1  2 
R2 4 
R3 6 
L  0 .2 H
C  8 mF
Example 6-2: Initial/Final Conditions (cont.)
t V0  24 V
I0  4 A
R1  2 
R2 4 
R3 6 
L  0 .2 H
C  8 mF
Series RLC Circuit : General Solution

Solution Outline

Transient solution

Steady State solution


Series RLC Circuit: Natural Response
Find Natural Response Of RLC Circuit
Natural response occurs when no active sources
are present, which is the case at t > 0.
0
Series RLC Circuit: Natural Response
Find Natural Response Of RLC Circuit
Solution of Diff. Equation

Assume:

It follows that:
Solution of Diff. Equation (cont.)

Invoke Initial Conditions to determine A1 and A2


0
Circuit Response: Damping Conditions

s1 and s2 are real

s1 = s2

Damping coefficient
s1 and s2 are complex

Resonant frequency
Overdamped Response

s1, 2  a  a 2  w0
2

a  damping factor
w0  resonant frequency

R 1
a w0 
2L LC

Overdamped, a > w0

vt   A1e s1t  A2e s2t


Underdamped Response
Damping: loss of stored energy

s1, 2  a  a 2  w0
2

a  damping factor
w0  resonant frequency
R 1
a w0 
2L LC

Underdamped a < w0
vt   ea t D1 cos wd t  D2 sin wd t 

wd  w02  a 2 Damped natural frequency


Critically Damped Response

s1, 2  a  a 2  w0
2

a  damping factor
w0  resonant frequency

R 1
a w0 
2L LC

Critically damped a = w0
vt   B1  B2t ea t
Total Response of Series RLC Circuit
Need to add Forced/Steady State Solution
vt   vss  vt t 
Natural solution represents transient response, decays to 0 as t  .
v() represents forced/steady state solution.
Overdamped (a > w0)
vt   v  A1e s1t  A2e s2t
Critically Damped (a = w0)
vt   v  B1  B2t ea t
Now find unknown constants
Underdamped (a < w0)
from initial conditions v(0+)
vt   v  ea t D1 cos wd t  D2 sin wd t  and dv/dt at t = 0+
Example 6-7: Overdamped RLC Circuit

Cont.
Example 6-7: Overdamped RLC Circuit
Example 6-8: Pulse Excitation
Example 6-9: Determine Capacitor Response

Circuit

At t = 0 ‒ :

t = 0‒
Example 6-9: Capacitor Response (cont.)

t = 0+

Initial values of the capacitor


voltage and its derivative will be
needed to evaluate constants D1
and D2
Example 6-9: Capacitor Response (cont.)
t>0 This is just a
series RLC circuit!
Example 6-9: Capacitor Response (cont.)
Parallel RLC Circuit
v dv
iC  Is
R dt
di
vL
dt
d 2i 1 di i Is Overdamped (a > w0)
  
dt 2 RC dt LC LC
it   i  A1e s1t  A2e s2t
Same form of diff. equation
Critically Damped (a = w0)
as series RLC
it   i  B1  B2t ea t
s1, 2  a  a 2  w0
2

Underdamped (a < w0)


1 1
a w0  it   i  ea t D1 cos wdt  D2 sin wdt 
2 RC LC
Oscillators

If R=0 in a series or parallel


RLC circuit, the circuit becomes
an oscillator
General Second Order Circuits

 Setup differential
equation
 Determine a, w
 Natural solution
 Forced solution
(steady state)
 Unknowns from
initial conditions
Example 6-13: Op-Amp Circuit
i1  in  i2  i3  0
 VS v dv
 0  out  C out  0
R1 R2 dt
di
vout  R3iL  L L
dt
Substitute vout into KCL
expression, rearrange for
diff. equation in terms of iL

d 2iL  1 R3  diL R3  Vs 1 R R3
2
     iL  a  3 w0 
dt  R2C L  dt R2 LC R1LC 2 R2C 2 L R2 LC
Example 6-13: Op-Amp Circuit (cont.)

d 2iL  1 R3  diL R3  Vs
     i 
dt 2  R2C L  dt R2 LC
L
R1LC

1 R R3
a  3 w0 
2 R2C 2 L R2 LC

Cont.
Example 6-13: Op-Amp Circuit (cont.)

Cont.
Example 6-13: Op-Amp Circuit (cont.)
Multisim Example of RLC Circuit
RFID Circuit
Tech Brief 12:

Micromechanical
Sensors and
Actuators
Tech Brief 13: Touchscreens and Active Digitizers
Summary

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