The underground Rapid Transit System (RTS) stations and cut-and-cover

03 . Excavation & 04 . Construction tunnels are typically constructed by the “open-cut and bottom-up” method.
In this method, the earth is excavated to the required depth with retaining
Installation of of Underground walls and struts supporting the soil at the sides. Upon the completion of
Steel Strut Structure excavation to the required depth, the base slab of the underground structure
First First
While noise, dust and other inconveniences is cast at the bottom-most level, followed by the side walls. Casting of concrete
Level Level
Strut Strut
progresses upwards, level by level till the roof of the structure is completed.
Second
Level are inevitable during construction, LTA will Ground is then backfilled and reinstated.
Strut
Lowest
Level
Strut
Base
work closely with the contractor to keep
Slab

them to a minimum. OPEN-CUT & BOTTOM-UP

CONSTRUCTION METHOD
Formation
Level

Construction
The soil is excavated to the next strut At formation level, the reinforced concrete Site Hoarding

level and the second level strut is installed. slab or base slab is constructed, followed
It continues till the excavation reaches by the removal of the lowest level strut Diverted
Road
the final depth or formation level. The and the side walls are constructed.
number of strut levels depends on the
excavation depth.

05 . Construction of 06 . Backfilling &

Proposed
Underground
Structure

Underground Reinstatement
Structure
Reinstated

CONSTRUCTION OF
First Road

01 . Installation of 02 . Excavation &

Level
Strut Roof Slab Backfill

Retaining Wall Installation of

Side
wall Completed
Underground
DIAPHRAGM WALL Retaining
Wall
First
Level
Strut
Steel Strut

Designed & produced by C2 Design Studio Pte Ltd

Structure

The next level of slab is constructed, After the roof slab is completed, the soil
followed by the removal of the strut near is backfilled to the first strut level before
to that slab level. This process progresses the first level strut is removed. This is
upwards till the roof slab is constructed. followed by completely backfilling the top
of the underground structure. If the The underground retaining wall is installed before The soil is excavated to the first strut level.
retaining wall is a diaphragm wall or a excavation commences. The retaining wall can be The first level strut is installed before the
bored pile wall, the top 2 metres of the a concrete diaphragm wall, a concrete bored pile excavation proceeds further.

August 2004
wall will be removed. If it is a sheet pile
If you have any suggestions or feedback, wall or a steel sheet pile wall; depending on the
please call our Customer Service Line: 1800 – CALL LTA site condition, soil type and the excavation depth.
wall, the sheet piles will be extracted. 1800 – 2255 582