Bluetooth Low Energy in a Smart Tram to trigger passenger events and
report these events in an online database
Pedro B. V. Bermudez, Jung Kiwoong
University of Science and Technology, Hanyang University
[email protected],
[email protected] Abstract Top margin 2.5 cm
Bottom margin 2.54 cm
An Android application which informs taking
in and taking off events of a Smart Tram passenger 3. Bluetooth Low Energy
events to an online database was developed. This
detection is performed by Bluetooth Low Energy Originally designed by Nokia as a low power
(BLE) transmitters (beacons) located in the Smart consumption communication protocol and named as
Tram. Basically, beacons broadcast tiny message to Wibree, Bluetooth Special Interest Group included
surround area, if passenger smartphone is scanning this standard in Bluetooth 4.0 and changed its name
for the beacon and finds event is considered as to Bluetooth Low Energy [1]. The adoption rate was
taking tram when smartphone stopes to detect high making Bluetooth Low Energy embedded
beacon this event is taking off event. In future works function present in almost all nowadays
our goal is to improve application to work as an smartphones, for example Samsung includes it since
automatic ticketing system which will withdraw fare Galaxy S3. [2]
price automatically from passenger’s bank account. Comparing with Bluetooth Classic it doesn’t
require pairing process, making it a good candidate
Keywords: Bluetooth Low Energy, tram, database. to be chosen in Internet of Things applications such
as the one described in this paper. In this application
1. Introduction Bluetooth Low Energy was used to trigger events
such as when passenger is taking in or off the tram
The process of acquiring passenger information and to obtain tram vehicle information.
is presented in this paper. This process improves
Smart Tram functionalities, such as: passenger 4. Configuration
management and automatic ticketing system.
First, passenger management, is important to One key point of the automatic fare collection
satisfy passenger demands. Enough seats and space system is the passenger detection. As passengers
for the passengers is important as increases nowadays are likely to carry smartphones with BLE
passenger satisfaction with transportation. function and BLE beacons were attached to the
Second, automatic ticketing system, is important vehicle it is possible to check when a person took in
because it improve nowadays payment method and off by triggering events first in the beacon
which requires, until nowadays, tapping operation to detection and later when beacon stops to being
make the payment, being uncomfortable when detected, these two situations are: taking in and off
carrying luggage or when it is crowded. situations, respectively. Basic configuration is the
Both functionalities can be achieved by analyzing following:
passenger information after it is sent to an online
database. The process of sending information to an
online database process is the scope of this work.
2. Online Database
The size of the manuscript must be Letter or A4
and it should be typed in two columns with single
spacing. The following margins are recommended.
Table 1: Recommended margins
Left margin 2.0 cm Figure 1: Idea configuration, devices interaction
Right margin 2.0 cm
5. Android Application
An Android application was written to detect
beacons, receive their information and send it online
to a database. To simplify the process Android
Beacon Library was imported and used to perform
BLE function such as monitoring: scan if there is
beacon near-by smartphone, and ranging: if there is
beacon near-by get its information. After receiving it
data it is transmitted using Volley Library, which is
an HTTP library that makes networking for Android
apps easier and most importantly, faster. [3]
(Explain about warning message and pictures)
6. Methods
Type your main text in 10 or 11-point with
single-space. All paragraphs should be indented
approximately 0.5 cm. Make sure your text is fully
justified.
Figure captions should be below the figures; table
captions should be above the tables. Figure and
table captions should be 10-point with boldface.
Initially capitalize only the first word of each
caption. Figures and tables must be numbered
separately.
The first order heading should be 11 or 12-point
boldface, with one blank line before, and one blank
line after.
7. Results
8. Conclusion
References
References should appear in a separate bibliography
at the end of the manuscript, with items referred to
by numbers in square brackets [1, 2-4]. Times New
Roman 10pt is recommended for references.
[1] A. Kim, B. Lee, and C. Park, “Article Title”, Journal
name, Publisher, pp. 1-10, July 2005.
[2] http://www.samsung.com/uk/smartphones/galaxy-s3-
i9300/GT-I9300ZKDBTU/
[3]
https://developer.android.com/training/volley/index.html
