Smart Uses of Data in
Smart Grids
Mladen Kezunovic
Texas A&M University, USA
Keynote Lecture
ISGCE 2013
Jeju Island, Korea
July 8, 2013
Outline
• Background
• Data Properties
• Translational Knowledge
• Implementation
• Q/A
2
Data “Explosion”
The Business value of data
Integrative view
Technology landscape
BACKGROUND
M. Kezunović, J. McCalley, T.J. Overbye, “ Smart grids and beyond: Achieving the
Potential of Electricity Systems,” Invited Paper, IEEE Proceedings, Vol.100, Special
Centennial Issue, pp.1329-1341, May 13 2012.
Intelligent Grid
Technology Hype Cycle
visibility
Provider Energy Storage
Advanced Distribution Combined Heat and Power Controllability
Management Systems Customer Gateways
CIM-Driven Integration Standards
Home-Area Network
Distributed Generation Advanced Metering Infrastructure Residential/Domestic
Observability
Consumer Energy Storage
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Active RFID for Utilities
Vehicle
Business Process Demand Response
Management for Energy
Smart Appliances Passive RFID for Utilities
Web 2.0 for Utilities Advanced
Broadband Over Power Lines
Metering LC&I
Phasor Measurement Advanced
Units Intelligent Electronic
Distribution Devices
Protection and
Restoration
Devices
Process Data Historians
RF Networks for Utility Field Applications
As of June 2008
Plateau of
Peak of Slope of Enlightenment
Technology Trigger Trough of Disillusionment Productivity
Inflated Expectations
time
Years to mainstream adoption:
obsolete
less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 to 10 years more than 10 years before plateau
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The business
value of data
Integrative view
Data
Technologies
Application
Solutions
Integrating smart,
wise, intelligent,
Business Cases
future, modern,
perfect, empowered
10 IT technologies
in 2013
• Mobile devices
• Mobile Apps and HTML5
• Personal Cloud
• The Internet of Things
• Hybrid IT and Cloud Computing
• Strategic Big Data
• Actionable Analytics
• Mainstream In-Memory Computing (IMC)
• Integrated Ecosystems
• Enterprise App Stores
Future Electricity Grid
Grid Events
Operating States
Temporal and Spatial Aspects
Data Types
DATA PROPERTIES
M. Kezunović, A. Abur, “Merging the Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Data and
Information for Improved Power System Monitoring Applications,” IEEE Proceedings, Vol.
9, Issue 11, pp 1909-1919, 2005.
Future Electricity Grid
Grid Events
Power System States Contacts Switching Models Reflecting
Causing Changes Various States
Power flow and State
Circuit Breaker Switching estimation
Steady State
Short circuit calculation
Auto-reclosing Sequence
Time domain EMTP
Transients
Switching by Various
Controllers (FACT, etc.) Stability (transient,
voltage, small signal, etc)
Dynamics
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Operating States
System and Market Operating States
Market
Type Configuration
Parameters
All MPs active
Normal Within Limits
Complete config.
All MPs active Parameter(s)
Emergency
Complete config. violate the limits
Structure
Restorative Within limits
incomplete
*MPs (Market Participants) include generator
companies, transmission owners, load serving entities
and other non-asset owners such as energy traders.
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Time and space
Local events sensed by Global events sensed by wide-
substation equipment Correlating area measurement system
space and time
matters
Faults Stability
(various
types)
Changes in
switching Models to data Frequency
state match and voltage
Out of step Cascading
(between events
equivalents)
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Temporal Issues
©2012 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
Temporal Issues
Data with different time perspectives
Past Present Future
Data with different time perspectives
Historical Data Real-time Data Planning Data
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Temporal Issues
Difference between time correlation
Scanning (relative) Synchronous Sampling
Time Stamping
(absolute)
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Temporal Issues
Phasors in Relaying
Phasors in Monitoring
(triggered sampling)
(continuous sampling)
Measurements through moving
data window
Relay calculated
phasors
Compare with settings
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Spatial Issues
Uses of data: driven by applications
IEDs data PMUs data Other data
format format format
Synchro-phasor
data format
COMTRADE Naming
data format Convention
Synchro-
sampling data
format
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Spatial Issues
Broad (system-wide)
Local (substation-wide)
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Spatial issues
(System wide)
Inter-station
(
General Communications
(IP-based schemes)
Intra-station
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Spatial issues (local)
Markets
Oil and Electricity Monthly Average Price
90,00
80,00
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
Jan-05
Mar-05
May-05
Jul-05
Sep-05
Nov-05
Jan-06
Mar-06
May-06
Jul-06
Sep-06
IPEX baseload (euro/MWh) Brent (euro/bbl) WTI (euro/bbl)
Animals
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GIS and GPS
Weather
Sampled data
Synchrophasor Data
Operational/nonoperational data
Big Data
TRANSLATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Case studies
Application Temporal Spatial Model
Synchronized or
Power System
Optimal Fault unsynchronized Local and system-
Network for short
Location phasor or sample wide
circuit study
vector
Synchronized or Petri-Net Logic for
Intelligent Alarm Substation and
unsynchronized cause-effect
Processing system-wide
phasors representation
Inherently
Power system
Adaptive Fault Synchronized
Local model for training
Detection and sample vector
pattern clustering
Classification
©2012 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
Fault Location
• Phasor based Methods
Use fundamental frequency component of o Single end
the signal and lumped parameter model o Double end
• Time-domain based Methods
Use transient components of the signal and o Synchronized
lumped or distributed parameter model o Unsynchronized
• Traveling wave based Methods
o Phasors
Use correlation between the forward and
o Samples
backward travelling waves along a line or
direct detection of the arrival time
Alarm Processor
Inherently adaptive
event detection
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©2012 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
Big Data and Analytics
Cyber-Physical security
Privacy
Standardization
Testing and certification
IMPLEMENTATION
M. Kezunovic, et al., "Smart Grid Barriers and Critical Success Factors," Chapter on Smart
Grids: Infrastructure, Technology, and Solutions, Stuart Borlase, Editor, CRC Press, 2012
Cyber security
Privacy
The role of standards
Interoperability
Standards Landscape
for synchrophasors
©2013 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
Why Testing and
Certification Matters
Procedure: how to test?
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©2013 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
Why T&C Matters
Process: how to certify?
©2013 Mladen Kezunovic, All Rights Reserved
FYI
Smart grid center:
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/sgc/
EV-TEC:
http://ev-tec.org
PSerc:
http://www.pserc.org
ARPA-E:
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/ratc/
Smart Energy Campus Initiative:
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/seci/
Q/A Q/A
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Thank you!
Mladen Kezunovic
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Texas A&M University
College Station, U.S.A.
[email protected]
http://smartgridcenter.tamu.edu/pscp_kezunovic/
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