GBPPR Active Denial
GBPPR Active Denial
it/19ha
"But the real value of our attacks today lies in the psychological impact, not in the
immediate casualties. For one thing, our efforts against the System gained
immeasurably in credibility. More important, though, is what we taught the politicians
and the bureaucrats. They learned today that not one of them is beyond our
reach. They can huddle behind barbed wire and tanks in the city, or they can hide
behind the concrete walls and alarm systems of their country estates, but we can still
find them and kill them. All the armed guards and bulletproof limousines in America
cannot guarantee their safety. That is a lesson they will not forget."
Overview
The military has a non-lethal Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) called the "Active Denial
System." Which, despite all the hoopla and millions in tax-dollars, hasn't actually ever been
deployed! Their Active Denial System is basically a 100 kilowatt, 95 GHz gyrotron oscillator (CPI
VGB-8095) feeding a high-gain (very narrow beamwidth), rotatable parabolic or phased-array
antenna. The idea is for the high-energy RF beam to rapidly heat the outside layer of skin (up to
around 130°F), causing the target to flee the immediate area. Due to its 3.2 millimeter
wavelength, a 95 GHz beam can't penetrate more than about 0.4 millimeters of living tissue and
the "blink" factor will help to protect your eyes. And therein lies the entire problem... Who wants
a weapon that only annoys people? We want one that will fry their insides!
The July 1989 issue of 73 Magazine has a really neat article entitled "ATV Transmitter from a
Microwave Oven!" by David Pacholok, KA9BYI. The article tells you how to construct a high-
voltage power supply and frequency modulator circuit to control the 2.45 GHz magnetron used in
a standard microwave oven. The circuit is actually quite clever, and also fairly simple to build, but
does requires the use of old television horizontal sweep tubes (6JE6, 6LQ6, or 6MJ6 - with 6MJ6s
being the best) to control the current into the magnetron. That's one big problem, as these tubes
can be more difficult to find than Barack Hussein Obama's birth certificate. Try checking your
local TV repair store (Repair? Huh?) and pick up as many as you can find, along with the
matching 9-pin Novar sockets. Most of the other parts, believe it or not, can still be picked up at
Radio Shack. Also, since the 73 article is quite thorough, the specific details of the magnetron's
control circuit operation will not be covered here. A copy of the article will appear on the website.
The goal for our project is to implement this same circuit into some type of "Poor Man's Active
Denial System." The idea being that using a microwave oven magnetron in Continuous Wave (CW)
mode, instead of the normal 60 Hz "pulsed" mode, will result in a higher average output
power. This is much more desirable for "cooking" a target. You may remember
a MythBusters episode where they try to cook a turkey using a high-power pulsed marine (9.4
GHz) radar. While radars do put out alot of radio frequency energy, it is only for a few
microseconds. Their overall average RF output power is actually quite low, so they can't really
harm the living.
While not having anywhere near the range or insane RF output power level of the military version,
this version of the Active Denial System is still quite useful for slowly (or covertly) heating a
remote target. It may also be possible to remotely induce fevers, cataracts, headaches, or other
fatigue symptoms in a human target. And, since the 2.45 GHz wavelength is quite long, it may
even be possible to cause severe internal tissue, brain, or other organ damage. RF heating of a
person's heart can cause all sorts of problems, especially if they have a pacemaker. Imagine being
able to remotely induced a heart attack...
Other non-amateur radio related uses for high-powered, continuous wave 2.45 GHz energy:
Counter-IED Operations: Heating an area with RF can cause plastic explosives to retain
some energy which will allow them to be "viewed" via a thermal imaging system. RF energy
may also disable detonation or timer electronics.
Fight Global Warming: There are too many people on the planet. But, are there any
White countries with overpopulation problems? Nope! Try using high-energy RF to
remotely induce abortions or severly damage a shit-skin fetus.
SAM Spoofing: Some surface-to-air missiles use high-power CW illumination for the
missile to ride on. Point your device at a military airplane and see if it shoots out any cool
countermeasures. Can also be used as a decoy to draw in anti-radiation missiles to places
you want blown up.
Surveillance: The Russians used to flood the U.S. embassy with high-power microwaves to
try and pick up any "vibrations" in objects caused by people talking. Also try flooding an
area with 2.45 GHz and demodulating an odd harmonic (7.35, 12.25 GHz etc.) to extract
audio via a modulated non-linear junction.
Counter-Body Armor: Your house getting raided because you don't support Obama or own
a gun Hollywood liberals don't like? RF passes right through that fancy body armor. The
target's "flinch factor" can also give you extra time to aim or to expose vulnerable regions on
your attacker. Good for weeding out snipers too...
Increasing Home Values: Thanks to "diversity," your once quiet neighborhood in probably
being destroyed thanks to non-White invaders or other liberal scum. Don't like your new
neighbors? Zap 'em! Loud stereos? Zap 'em! Section 8 housing? Zap 'em! Corrupt
politicians, lawyers, and bankers? Zap 'em!
Countering Alarm Systems: Most alarms systems don't like being in high-RF areas,
especially video cameras. You might be able to disable or even remotely trigger alarm
systems using a device like this. Really freaks dogs out too...
Frey Effect: Properly pulsed high-power microwave energy can cause people to "hear"
things. Seriously. Simple tones are the easiest, while speech requires a "pre-distortion"
circuit.
Doppler Radar: Tap the output of the magnetron via a directional coupler and run it into a
mixer to detect phase shifts. This is a good start for a homebrew, long-range Doppler
radar. Point it straight up and search for UFOs.
All that from the little box sitting in your kitchen. Holy fuck!
A high-amperage line filter, toggle switch, and fuse holder will be mounted inside a
square electrical outlet box. The filtered 120 VAC lines will be mounted on standoffs
and distributed to the other transformers.
The little green blob with two leads is an input surge absorber from an old computer
switching power supply. It's used to reduce the large surge current when the power is
initially applied.
The Radio Shack #273-1511 transformer will provide the 12.6 VAC for the two 6MJ6
tubes (filaments in series) we will be using. It will also provide the +/- power supply
for the op-amp in the control circuit.
There are (optional) ferrite beads on the incoming 120 VAC hot, neutral, and ground
leads.
L-brackets are riveted to the plate, which will be used to mount the twelve electrolytic
capacitors making up the high-voltage power supply's ripple capacitor.
Secured electrolytic capacitor.
Put a piece of heatshrink tubing over the L-bracket and wrap the bottom of each
capacitor with electrical tape.
Proper high-voltage construction techniques would require a little more space between
the capacitors and maybe also mount them on some type of insulator. Oh well...
Wire the capacitors in series (+ to -) with a 100 kohm / 5W resistor across each one
for voltage load sharing.
Stock microwave oven transformer.
Its secondary provides 3.3 VAC for the magnetron's filament and the high-voltage
winding provides around 1,800 VAC.
Note that one side of the high-voltage winding is connected to the frame of the
transformer (ground). This will need to be disconnected and properly isolated.
The magnetic shunts, which are normally installed in a microwave oven transformer,
can stay.
On the two bottom spade connectors for the 120 VAC primary input, a
resistor/capacitor snubber circuit is used to clamp any high-voltage spikes or kick-
backs.
Isolating the high-voltage secondary.
The grounded end was unsoldered and connected to a little stand-off terminal mounted
on the transformer's protective cardboard.
Not all transformers will be the same, but they will all have one side of the high-
voltage winding tied to ground, either with a screw or a solder tab.
The case of the transformer was further isolated from the chassis ground using a
rubber gasket sheet and nylon washers on the mounting bolts.
This is to help reduce any 60 Hz hum, if you'd ever wish to modulate the magnetron's
output in the future, so it's not really a requirement.
Overview of the 6MJ6's filament transformer (silver-colored - mounted on the electrical
box) and also the grid voltage transformer (gold-colored).
The series 0.8 µF capacitor in the voltage-doubling circuit is isolated from ground by
Zip-tying it to a plastic rod.
You can also see the high-voltage load sharing resistors (100 kohm / 5W) aross each of
the electrolytic capacitors. These will also help to dissipate any stray voltage when the
power is off.
High-voltage output from the capacitor bank.
Little spring clips were made to connect the 100 ohm resistors to the top cap (plate) on
the two 6MJ6s.
6MJ6s in place.
The tube on the lower-right is the "A" tube, the other is the "B" tube.
Underside view of the mounting plate showing the tube socket wiring and grid voltage
circuit.
The top socket is for the "A" tube, the other is for the "B" tube.
The 6MJ6's have their filaments wired in series so they can be driven directly with the
12.6 VAC secondary from a Radio Shack #273-1511 transformer.
Note the nylon insulation washers on the microwave oven transformer's mounting
bolts (lower-left).
Magnetron current meter, magnetron cathode current control (Ik), and the transmit-
enable (XMIT) switch.
The meter is from an old Lab-Volt trainer used in schools. Its full-scale reading is 500
mA DC.
HVPR16-06 high-voltage diodes in the voltage doubler circuit.
Leaving the shunts in the microwave oven transformer also helps to suppress the large
surge current when first powered on. This is necessary to protect the diodes from any
over-current transients.
Connect the banana jacks like so. Note that the direct filament winding on the
microwave oven transformer usually goes to the magnetron's "FA" terminal. Every
schematic or datasheet shows them connected differently, so I don't know on that
one...
Also note the isolated ground lug. This ties back to the single point ground in the main
incoming voltage electrical box.
Completed high-voltage magnetron connection plate.
Toshiba 2M172J magnetron mounted to the horn assembly built in GBPPR 'Zine, Issue
#55.
The horn has a mounting bracket in the rear to allow for mounting at the focal point of
a parabolic dish.
A large 120 VAC fan provides continuous air flow over the magnetron's cooling fins.
--- June 9, 2009 quote about Ariel Emanuel, Jewish supremacist Rahm
Emanuel's brother, in the New York Times (of all places).
Differs slightly from the original 73 article due to not having all the same
parts. Should work fine though, except for amateur television transmissions.
A LF351 op-amp replaces the circuit's original LF357. The LF351's voltage is
regulated via (optional) 7812 and 7912 regulators. An IRF510 N-channel MOSFET
replaces the VN66AF.
The two phono jack inputs are for external current control and modulation
input. These will be for upcoming projects.
The Input Select switch is on the lower-left. The Modulation Input #1 is the
phono jack below that, then the Modulation Input #2 (direct) phono jack.
Final wiring showing the current meter, transmit switch, and 1 kohm current control
potentiometer.
Outside test setup.
Wasn't sure if it would work or not, but remarkably, everything did check out.
The high-voltage lines to the magnetron are run through vinyl tubing for extra
insulation.
Microwave oven transformers are not really designed for continuous current
operations, or for use in "real" high-voltage power supplies.
As you can see here, the high-voltage secondary winding arced over. Try to find a
microwave oven transformer that is physically large or has been coated with some type
of resin or sealant.
Back up and running with a new microwave oven transformer.
This transformer has been coated with some sort of "goo" to help prevent high-voltage
arcing.
All microwave oven transformers are basically the same, so swapping them out should
be no problem. They all seem to have slightly different mounting or wiring
configurations, though.
Test setup of the Litton 2M167 magnetron used in the 2.45 GHz Magnetron to Coax
Assembly article in GBPPR 'Zine, Issue #46.
This magnetron is being run into a 50 ohm load for testing with a spectrum analyzer.
Spectrum analyzer view of the magnetron's RF output transverted (2.278 GHz LO) to
fit the range of an IFR service monitor. The spectrum display is 1 MHz per division.
On the left, is the output of a Litton 2M167 magnetron. The meter is reading a center
frequency of "135.0 MHz," but this converts to an actual output frequency of 2.413
GHz. Note the output is about 1 MHz lower than the center reading. This magnetron
was run into a 50 ohm load via a homebrew waveguide-to-coaxial adapter.
On the right, is the output of a Toshiba 2M172 magnetron. The meter is reading
"177.0 MHz," and the signal is about 1.5 MHz higher than the center frequency. The
final output frequency is around 2.4565 GHz. This magnetron was run into an open
horn, so there was alot of background RF noise, which raises the noise floor on the
analyzer.
1. It gets hot! Very hot! Both the 6MJ6 tubes and the magnetron. Forced air
cooling is a must!
1. The filaments in the 6MJ6 tubes and the magnetron need to be warmed up prior
to applying the plate voltage (i.e., flipping the "XMIT" switch). Give it a good 30
seconds or so.
1. The (stock) current control circuit appears to top out around 200 mA into the
magnetron. Some magnetrons will require higher current for a cleaner RF
output spectrum. Experiment with different magnetrons, if you can.
1. Turn the magnetron's cathode current control (Ik) down before you activate
the XMIT switch. The magnetron seems to perform better with a slowly
increasing cathode current.
Schematics
1. Higher resolution pictures and the original project article are available in GBPPR
'Zine Issue #62
1. 6LQ6 Beam Pentode The 6JE6 and the 6MJ6 are similar to the 6LQ6. (282k
PDF) (Alternate) (Pinout) (Example Horizontal Sweep Schematic)
1. Behavioral Effects of High Peak Power Microwave Pulses: Head Exposure at 1.3
GHz (762k PDF)
1. Questions Linger About Health Effects of DoD's 'Non-Lethal' Ray (321k PDF)
1. Army Orders Pain Ray Trucks; New Report Shows 'Potential for Death'
1. U.S. Eyes 'Pain Beam' for Home Security, Law Enforcement (Alternate)
1. Microwave Weapon Will Rain Pain From The Sky (Above Top Secret Forum)
1. 'Telepathic Ray Guns' and Vaporized Shoes: The Truth is Weirder Than You
Think (U.S. vs. Donald Friedman)
1. Electromagnetic Weapons - The Ones NATO Don't Want you to Know About
1. Team Investigates Active Denial System for Security Applications Sandia press
release. (High-Res JPEG #1) (High-Res JPEG #2)
1. Wonder Weapons The Pentagon's quest for non-lethal arms is amazing. But is it
smart?
1. The Microwave Furor Last month the U.S. confirmed that for some 15 years the
Soviet Union has been beaming microwaves at the hulking nine-story U.S.
embassy on Moscow's Tchaikovsky Street. From 1976.
1. Defense Science Board Task Force on Directed Energy Weapons (3.6M PDF)