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Properties of S-Matrices: Zar Khitab

This document discusses properties of S-matrices for reciprocal and lossless networks: 1) For lossless networks, the S-matrix is unitary, meaning the dot product of any column with the conjugate of that column equals 1, and the dot product of different columns equals 0. 2) For reciprocal networks, the S-matrix is symmetric. Additionally, for lossless reciprocal networks the dot product of any row with the conjugate of another row equals 0. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these properties to determine if networks are reciprocal and lossless based on their given S-matrices.

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202 views12 pages

Properties of S-Matrices: Zar Khitab

This document discusses properties of S-matrices for reciprocal and lossless networks: 1) For lossless networks, the S-matrix is unitary, meaning the dot product of any column with the conjugate of that column equals 1, and the dot product of different columns equals 0. 2) For reciprocal networks, the S-matrix is symmetric. Additionally, for lossless reciprocal networks the dot product of any row with the conjugate of another row equals 0. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these properties to determine if networks are reciprocal and lossless based on their given S-matrices.

Uploaded by

Ally Roy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Properties of S-Matrices

Zar Khitab
Properties of S Matrices
• In Lecture 13, we saw that for reciprocal networks the Z and Y matrices are
– Purely imaginary for lossless networks
– Symmetric about the main diagonal for reciprocal networks

 In these two special instances, there are also special properties of the S
matrix which we will discuss in this lecture.

 The network is reciprocal if

 As derived in your text, if a network is lossless then

which is a statement that [ S] is a unitary matrix


• This result can be put into a different, and possibly more
useful, form by pre-multiplying (2) by

• Where

• Expanding eq,3
Possible Cases for lossless networks
• Take row 1 times column 1:

• Generalizing this result gives

In words, this result states that the dot product of any column of [ S ] with the conjugate of
that same column equals 1 (for a lossless network). Or
the dot product of any row of [ S ]t with the conjugate of that same column in [S] equals 1
(for a lossless network).
• Take row 1 times column 2:

Generalizing this result gives

In words, this result states that the dot product of any column of [ S ] with the conjugate of
of another column equals 0 (for a lossless network).

• Applying (1) to (7):


• If the network is also reciprocal, then [ S ] is symmetric and we
can make a similar statement concerning the rows of [ S ].
– That is, the dot product of any row of [ S] with the conjugate
of another row equals 0 (for a lossless network).
– It is ‘1’ for the same rows in [S] and its conjugate matrix.
Example
• S matrix of a two port network is given to be

– Is the network reciprocal?


– Is the network lossless?
• Solution:
– The network is reciprocal as

– For Lossless Systematically apply the three conditions stated on


previous page to the columns of S.

Same = 1

Same = 0
Therefore, the network is lossless.
Example
• A two port network has following S-matrix
referred to a system impedance of 50 ohms.

• This network is obviously reciprocal


• it’s also lossy.
Example
• Determine the S parameters for this T network assuming a
50-Ohms system impedance, as shown.

First, take a general look at the circuit:

It’s linear, so it must also be reciprocal.

Consequently, [S ] must be symmetric (about


the main diagonal).

The circuit appears unchanged when “viewed”


from either port 1 or port 2. i.e.

Based on these observations, we only need to determine S11 and S21

As and
Solution
• As

The input impedance with port 2 matched is

which, not coincidentally, equals Z0


• Next, for S21 we apply V1+ with port 2 matched and measure
V2-

• At Port 1

• But since S11 is 0,


and similarly

• Using voltage division to determine V2- (From V2

• And

• Therefore
• To complete the S-matrix is

– Finally note that when port 2 is matched

– So that

– This is a 3-dB attenuator


Shifting Reference planes
• Do yoursel

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