Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering

Subject : Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering

BE8254
UNIT I AC CIRCUITS AND POWER SYSTEMS
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)

UNIT II TRANSFORMER
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)

REFER
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)

UNIT III DC MACHINES

1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
37. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
38. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
39. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
40. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
41. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click
here)
42. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
43. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
44. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
45. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC
Machines - Answer (click here)
46. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)

REFER
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
 6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
37. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
38. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
39. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
40. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
41. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click
here)
42. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
43. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
44. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
45. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC
Machines - Answer (click here)
46. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)
47. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
48. Lap Winding - Answer (click here)
49. Wave Winding - Answer (click here)
50. EMF Equation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
51. Armature reaction - Answer (click here)
52. Methods of excitation of the field windings - Answer (click here)
53. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator - Answer (click here)
54. Commutation and Interpoles - Answer (click here)
55. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
56. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators - Answer (click here)
57. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
58. Working of D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
59. Types of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
60. DC Motor Characteristics - Answer (click here)
61. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field
Resistance - Answer (click here)
62. Starting of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
63. Three Point Starter: Working principle - Answer (click here)
64. Four Point Starter - Answer (click here)
65. Swinburne’s Test - Answer (click here)
66. Hopkinson’s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages,
Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
67. Braking of DC shunt motor - Answer (click here)
68. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines
- Answer (click here)

UNIT IV AC MACHINES
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
 4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
37. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
38. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
39. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
40. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
41. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click
here)
42. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
43. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
44. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
45. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC
Machines - Answer (click here)
46. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)
47. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
48. Lap Winding - Answer (click here)
49. Wave Winding - Answer (click here)
50. EMF Equation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
51. Armature reaction - Answer (click here)
52. Methods of excitation of the field windings - Answer (click here)
53. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator - Answer (click here)
54. Commutation and Interpoles - Answer (click here)
55. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
56. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators - Answer (click here)
57. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
58. Working of D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
59. Types of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
60. DC Motor Characteristics - Answer (click here)
61. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field
Resistance - Answer (click here)
62. Starting of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
63. Three Point Starter: Working principle - Answer (click here)
64. Four Point Starter - Answer (click here)
65. Swinburne’s Test - Answer (click here)
66. Hopkinson’s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages,
Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
67. Braking of DC shunt motor - Answer (click here)
68. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines
- Answer (click here)
69. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
70. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
71. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
72. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field
Theory - Answer (click here)
73. Starting Methods of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
74. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator
or Alternator - Answer (click here)
75. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator -
Answer (click here)
76. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click
here)
77. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors -
Answer (click here)
78. V Curves - Answer (click here)
79. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and
Synchronous Machines - Answer (click here)

REFER
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
 Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
37. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
38. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
39. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
40. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
41. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click
here)
42. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
43. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
44. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
45. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC
Machines - Answer (click here)
46. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)
47. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
48. Lap Winding - Answer (click here)
49. Wave Winding - Answer (click here)
50. EMF Equation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
51. Armature reaction - Answer (click here)
52. Methods of excitation of the field windings - Answer (click here)
53. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator - Answer (click here)
54. Commutation and Interpoles - Answer (click here)
55. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
56. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators - Answer (click here)
57. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
58. Working of D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
59. Types of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
60. DC Motor Characteristics - Answer (click here)
61. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field
Resistance - Answer (click here)
62. Starting of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
63. Three Point Starter: Working principle - Answer (click here)
64. Four Point Starter - Answer (click here)
65. Swinburne’s Test - Answer (click here)
66. Hopkinson’s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages,
Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
67. Braking of DC shunt motor - Answer (click here)
68. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines
- Answer (click here)
69. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
70. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
71. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
72. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field
Theory - Answer (click here)
73. Starting Methods of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
74. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator
or Alternator - Answer (click here)
75. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator -
Answer (click here)
76. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click
here)
77. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors -
Answer (click here)
78. V Curves - Answer (click here)
79. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and
Synchronous Machines - Answer (click here)
80. Fundamental Principles of A.C. Machines - Answer (click here)
81. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator single phase - Answer (click
here)
82. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator three phase - Answer (click
here)
83. Relation between speed and frequency - Answer (click here)
84. Factors affecting the induced emf (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings)
- Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
 85. Armature Reaction - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
86. Synchronous Generators - Answer (click here)
87. Open circuit characteristic (OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristics
(SCC) of a Synchronous generator - Answer (click here)
88. Armature Reaction Reactance - Synchronous Generators - Answer (click
here)
89. Synchronous reactance - Answer (click here)
90. Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
91. Load Characteristics - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
92. Potier Reactance - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
93. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
94. Methods of finding Voltage Regulation in Synchronous Generator -
Answer (click here)
95. Power angle characteristics - Answer (click here)
96. Salient pole alternators and Blondel's Two Reaction Theory - Answer
(click here)
97. Direct-axis and Quadrature-axis Synchronous Reactances - Answer (click
here)
98. Power Angle Characteristic of Salient Pole Machine - Answer (click here)
99. Slip Test - Answer (click here)
100. Parallel Operation of Alternators - Answer (click here)
101. Synchronizing Current - Answer (click here)
102. Effect of Change of Excitation - Answer (click here)
103. Effect of Change of Input Torque - Answer (click here)
104. Sharing of load when two alternators are in parallel - Answer (click here)
105. Prime-mover Governor Characteristic - Answer (click here)
106. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Generator -
Answer (click here)
107. Synchronous Motors: Construction, Operating Principle, Equivalent
Circuit - Answer (click here)
108. Phasor Diagram - Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
109. Torque and Power Relations - Answer (click here)
110. V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves - Answer (click here)
111. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load - Answer (click here)
112. Synchronous Condenser and its Advantages, Disadvantages - Answer
(click here)
113. Methods of starting synchronous motor - Answer (click here)
114. Performance Characteristic of Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
115. Hunting and Damper Winding - Answer (click here)
116. Synchronous Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
117. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Motors - Answer
(click here)
118. Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
119. Types and Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click
here)
120. Squirrel cage Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
121. Slip ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
122. Principle of Operation - Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
123. Rotating Magnetic Field and Induced Voltages - Answer (click here)
124. Alternate Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field - Answer (click here)
125. Phasor Diagram of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
126. Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
127. Power and Torque Relations of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
128. Induction Motor Torque - Answer (click here)
129. Rotor Output - Answer (click here)
130. Circle Diagram - analyse the three phase induction motor performance -
Answer (click here)
131. Tests to Determine the Equivalent Circuit Parameters - Induction Motor
- Answer (click here)
132. Construction of Circle Diagram - Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
133. Performance Characteristics of Three phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
134. Operation with Unbalanced Supply Voltage on Polyphase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
135. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Phase Induction Motor -
Answer (click here)
136. Methods of Starting Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
137. Starting of Slip-Ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
138. Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
139. Changing applied voltage - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
140. Rotor resistance control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
141. Cascade control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors -
Answer (click here)
142. Pole changing method - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
- Answer (click here)
143. Stator frequency control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
144. Power Stages in an Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
145. Double Cage Induction Motor: Construction, Working - Answer (click here)
146. Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
147. Induction Generator - Answer (click here)
148. Induction Generator advantages, disadvantages and Application - Answer
(click here)
149. Induction Motor Braking Regenerative Plugging Dynamic - Answer (click
here)
150. Important Short Questions and Answers: Starting and Speed Control of
Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)

UNIT V MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION

1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
37. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
38. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
39. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
40. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
41. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click
here)
42. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
43. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
44. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
45. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC
Machines - Answer (click here)
46. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)
47. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
48. Lap Winding - Answer (click here)
49. Wave Winding - Answer (click here)
50. EMF Equation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
51. Armature reaction - Answer (click here)
52. Methods of excitation of the field windings - Answer (click here)
53. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator - Answer (click here)
54. Commutation and Interpoles - Answer (click here)
55. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
56. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators - Answer (click here)
57. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
58. Working of D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
59. Types of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
60. DC Motor Characteristics - Answer (click here)
61. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field
Resistance - Answer (click here)
62. Starting of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
63. Three Point Starter: Working principle - Answer (click here)
64. Four Point Starter - Answer (click here)
65. Swinburne’s Test - Answer (click here)
66. Hopkinson’s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages,
Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
67. Braking of DC shunt motor - Answer (click here)
68. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines
- Answer (click here)
69. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
70. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
71. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
72. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field
Theory - Answer (click here)
73. Starting Methods of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
74. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator
or Alternator - Answer (click here)
75. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator -
Answer (click here)
76. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click
here)
77. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors -
Answer (click here)
78. V Curves - Answer (click here)
79. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and
Synchronous Machines - Answer (click here)
80. Fundamental Principles of A.C. Machines - Answer (click here)
81. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator single phase - Answer (click
here)
82. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator three phase - Answer (click
here)
83. Relation between speed and frequency - Answer (click here)
84. Factors affecting the induced emf (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings)
- Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
85. Armature Reaction - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
86. Synchronous Generators - Answer (click here)
87. Open circuit characteristic (OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristics
(SCC) of a Synchronous generator - Answer (click here)
88. Armature Reaction Reactance - Synchronous Generators - Answer (click
here)
89. Synchronous reactance - Answer (click here)
90. Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
 91. Load Characteristics - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
92. Potier Reactance - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
93. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
94. Methods of finding Voltage Regulation in Synchronous Generator -
Answer (click here)
95. Power angle characteristics - Answer (click here)
96. Salient pole alternators and Blondel's Two Reaction Theory - Answer
(click here)
97. Direct-axis and Quadrature-axis Synchronous Reactances - Answer (click
here)
98. Power Angle Characteristic of Salient Pole Machine - Answer (click here)
99. Slip Test - Answer (click here)
100. Parallel Operation of Alternators - Answer (click here)
101. Synchronizing Current - Answer (click here)
102. Effect of Change of Excitation - Answer (click here)
103. Effect of Change of Input Torque - Answer (click here)
104. Sharing of load when two alternators are in parallel - Answer (click here)
105. Prime-mover Governor Characteristic - Answer (click here)
106. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Generator -
Answer (click here)
107. Synchronous Motors: Construction, Operating Principle, Equivalent
Circuit - Answer (click here)
108. Phasor Diagram - Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
109. Torque and Power Relations - Answer (click here)
110. V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves - Answer (click here)
111. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load - Answer (click here)
112. Synchronous Condenser and its Advantages, Disadvantages - Answer
(click here)
113. Methods of starting synchronous motor - Answer (click here)
114. Performance Characteristic of Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
115. Hunting and Damper Winding - Answer (click here)
116. Synchronous Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
117. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Motors - Answer
(click here)
118. Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
119. Types and Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click
here)
120. Squirrel cage Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
121. Slip ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
122. Principle of Operation - Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
123. Rotating Magnetic Field and Induced Voltages - Answer (click here)
124. Alternate Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field - Answer (click here)
125. Phasor Diagram of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
126. Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
127. Power and Torque Relations of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
128. Induction Motor Torque - Answer (click here)
129. Rotor Output - Answer (click here)
130. Circle Diagram - analyse the three phase induction motor performance -
Answer (click here)
131. Tests to Determine the Equivalent Circuit Parameters - Induction Motor
- Answer (click here)
132. Construction of Circle Diagram - Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
133. Performance Characteristics of Three phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
134. Operation with Unbalanced Supply Voltage on Polyphase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
135. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Phase Induction Motor -
Answer (click here)
136. Methods of Starting Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
137. Starting of Slip-Ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
138. Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
139. Changing applied voltage - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
140. Rotor resistance control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
141. Cascade control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors -
Answer (click here)
142. Pole changing method - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
- Answer (click here)
143. Stator frequency control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
144. Power Stages in an Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
145. Double Cage Induction Motor: Construction, Working - Answer (click here)
146. Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
147. Induction Generator - Answer (click here)
148. Induction Generator advantages, disadvantages and Application - Answer
(click here)
149. Induction Motor Braking Regenerative Plugging Dynamic - Answer (click
here)
150. Important Short Questions and Answers: Starting and Speed Control of
Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
151. Transducers - Answer (click here)
152. Classification of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click here)
153. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click
here)
154. Characteristics of Transducer - Answer (click here)
155. Transducer Selection Factors - Answer (click here)
156. Resistance Transducers - Answer (click here)
157. Resistance Thermometers: Construction, Advantages, Limitations -
Answer (click here)
158. Thermistors: Construction, Advantages, Limitations - Answer (click here)
159. Capacitive Transducers and its Application - Answer (click here)
160. Inductive Transducers - Answer (click here)
161. Digital Transducers - Answer (click here)
162. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement - Answer (click here)
163. Errors in Measurement - Answer (click here)
164. Strain gauge: Principle of Working, Materials Used, Applications -
Answer (click here)
165. Capacitive Transducers - Answer (click here)
166. Piezo electric transducer - Answer (click here)
167. Variable Inductive Transducers: LVDT and RVDT - Answer (click here)
168. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basics of Measurement and
Instrumentation - Answer (click here)

REFER
1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy - Answer (click here)
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf - Answer (click here)
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
6. Iron or Core losses - Answer (click here)
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits - Answer (click here)
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit - Answer (click here)
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer
(click here)
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines -
Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials - Answer (click here)
11. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
12. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation -
Answer (click here)
13. EMF Equation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
14. Transformer on No-Load - Answer (click here)
15. Transformer on Load - Answer (click here)
16. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
17. Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
18. Transformer Losses and Efficiency - Answer (click here)
19. All Day Efficiency of Transformer - Answer (click here)
20. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
21. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
22. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - Transformer - Answer (click here)
23. Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
24. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation - Answer (click here)
25. Induction Law - Transformer - Answer (click here)
26. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - Answer (click here)
27. Transformer Losses - Answer (click here)
28. Transformer Tests - Answer (click here)
29. Efficiency of a Transformer - Answer (click here)
30. Voltage Regulation of Transformer - Answer (click here)
31. Auto Transformer - Answer (click here)
32. Three-phase autotransformer connection - Answer (click here)
33. Parallel Operation of Transformers - Answer (click here)
34. Tap Changing in Transformer - Answer (click here)
35. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines - Answer (click here)
36. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines -
Transformer - Answer (click here)
37. Three Phase Circuits, A Review - Answer (click here)
38. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
39. Theory of Operation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
40. Characteristics of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
41. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation - Answer (click
here)
42. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics - Answer (click here)
43. Speed Control of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
44. Application of DC Motor - Answer (click here)
45. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC
Machines - Answer (click here)
46. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and
Instrumentation - DC Machines - Answer (click here)
47. Construction of DC Machines - Answer (click here)
48. Lap Winding - Answer (click here)
49. Wave Winding - Answer (click here)
50. EMF Equation of DC Generators - Answer (click here)
51. Armature reaction - Answer (click here)
52. Methods of excitation of the field windings - Answer (click here)
53. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator - Answer (click here)
54. Commutation and Interpoles - Answer (click here)
55. DC Generator Characteristics - Answer (click here)
56. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators - Answer (click here)
57. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
58. Working of D.C. Motor - Answer (click here)
59. Types of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
60. DC Motor Characteristics - Answer (click here)
61. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field
Resistance - Answer (click here)
62. Starting of DC Motors - Answer (click here)
63. Three Point Starter: Working principle - Answer (click here)
64. Four Point Starter - Answer (click here)
65. Swinburne’s Test - Answer (click here)
66. Hopkinson’s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages,
Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
67. Braking of DC shunt motor - Answer (click here)
68. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines
- Answer (click here)
69. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
70. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
71. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
72. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field
Theory - Answer (click here)
73. Starting Methods of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
74. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator
or Alternator - Answer (click here)
75. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator -
Answer (click here)
76. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator - Answer (click
here)
77. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors -
Answer (click here)
78. V Curves - Answer (click here)
79. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and
Synchronous Machines - Answer (click here)
80. Fundamental Principles of A.C. Machines - Answer (click here)
81. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator single phase - Answer (click
 here)
82. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator three phase - Answer (click
here)
83. Relation between speed and frequency - Answer (click here)
84. Factors affecting the induced emf (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings)
- Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
85. Armature Reaction - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
86. Synchronous Generators - Answer (click here)
87. Open circuit characteristic (OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristics
(SCC) of a Synchronous generator - Answer (click here)
88. Armature Reaction Reactance - Synchronous Generators - Answer (click
here)
89. Synchronous reactance - Answer (click here)
90. Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
91. Load Characteristics - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
92. Potier Reactance - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
93. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator - Answer (click here)
94. Methods of finding Voltage Regulation in Synchronous Generator -
Answer (click here)
95. Power angle characteristics - Answer (click here)
96. Salient pole alternators and Blondel's Two Reaction Theory - Answer
(click here)
97. Direct-axis and Quadrature-axis Synchronous Reactances - Answer (click
here)
98. Power Angle Characteristic of Salient Pole Machine - Answer (click here)
99. Slip Test - Answer (click here)
100. Parallel Operation of Alternators - Answer (click here)
101. Synchronizing Current - Answer (click here)
102. Effect of Change of Excitation - Answer (click here)
103. Effect of Change of Input Torque - Answer (click here)
104. Sharing of load when two alternators are in parallel - Answer (click here)
105. Prime-mover Governor Characteristic - Answer (click here)
106. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Generator -
Answer (click here)
107. Synchronous Motors: Construction, Operating Principle, Equivalent
Circuit - Answer (click here)
108. Phasor Diagram - Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
109. Torque and Power Relations - Answer (click here)
110. V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves - Answer (click here)
111. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load - Answer (click here)
112. Synchronous Condenser and its Advantages, Disadvantages - Answer
(click here)
113. Methods of starting synchronous motor - Answer (click here)
114. Performance Characteristic of Synchronous Motors - Answer (click here)
115. Hunting and Damper Winding - Answer (click here)
116. Synchronous Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
117. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Motors - Answer
(click here)
118. Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
119. Types and Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click
here)
120. Squirrel cage Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
121. Slip ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
122. Principle of Operation - Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
123. Rotating Magnetic Field and Induced Voltages - Answer (click here)
124. Alternate Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field - Answer (click here)
125. Phasor Diagram of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
126. Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
127. Power and Torque Relations of Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
128. Induction Motor Torque - Answer (click here)
129. Rotor Output - Answer (click here)
130. Circle Diagram - analyse the three phase induction motor performance -
Answer (click here)
131. Tests to Determine the Equivalent Circuit Parameters - Induction Motor
- Answer (click here)
132. Construction of Circle Diagram - Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
133. Performance Characteristics of Three phase Induction Motor - Answer
(click here)
134. Operation with Unbalanced Supply Voltage on Polyphase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
135. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Phase Induction Motor -
Answer (click here)
136. Methods of Starting Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
137. Starting of Slip-Ring Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
138. Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors - Answer (click here)
139. Changing applied voltage - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
140. Rotor resistance control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
141. Cascade control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors -
Answer (click here)
142. Pole changing method - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
- Answer (click here)
143. Stator frequency control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction
Motors - Answer (click here)
144. Power Stages in an Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
145. Double Cage Induction Motor: Construction, Working - Answer (click here)
146. Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
147. Induction Generator - Answer (click here)
148. Induction Generator advantages, disadvantages and Application - Answer
(click here)
149. Induction Motor Braking Regenerative Plugging Dynamic - Answer (click
here)
150. Important Short Questions and Answers: Starting and Speed Control of
Three Phase Induction Motor - Answer (click here)
151. Transducers - Answer (click here)
152. Classification of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click here)
153. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrical Transducers - Answer (click
here)
154. Characteristics of Transducer - Answer (click here)
155. Transducer Selection Factors - Answer (click here)
156. Resistance Transducers - Answer (click here)
157. Resistance Thermometers: Construction, Advantages, Limitations -
Answer (click here)
158. Thermistors: Construction, Advantages, Limitations - Answer (click here)
159. Capacitive Transducers and its Application - Answer (click here)
160. Inductive Transducers - Answer (click here)
161. Digital Transducers - Answer (click here)
162. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement - Answer (click here)
163. Errors in Measurement - Answer (click here)
164. Strain gauge: Principle of Working, Materials Used, Applications -
Answer (click here)
165. Capacitive Transducers - Answer (click here)
166. Piezo electric transducer - Answer (click here)
167. Variable Inductive Transducers: LVDT and RVDT - Answer (click here)
168. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basics of Measurement and
Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
169. D.C and A.C Bridges - Answer (click here)
170. Wheatstone bridge(Null-type, D.C. bridge) - Answer (click here)
171. Deflection-type D.C. bridge - Answer (click here)
172. Null-type impedance A.C bridge - Answer (click here)
173. Maxwell bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages
and Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
174. Schering Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages -
 Answer (click here)
175. Hay Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and
Disadvantages - Answer (click here)
176. Wien bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages -
Answer (click here)
177. Transformer Ratio Bridges & Self-Balancing Bridges - Answer (click here)
178. Digital Voltmeter (DVM) - Answer (click here)
179. Digital Multi Meter (DMM) - Answer (click here)
180. Storage oscilloscope - Answer (click here)
181. Wheat stone bridge and Kelvin’s double bridge - Answer (click here)
182. Q-Meter - Answer (click here)
183. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog and Digital Instruments
- Answer (click here)