CAPWAP Models, Procedures and Parameters
CAPWAP Models, Procedures and Parameters
Ru = 3425.2 kN
Rs = 1458.6 kN
5.00 Rb = 1966.6 kN
Dy = 18.8 mm
Dx = 18.8 mm
10.00
15.00
20.00
CAPWAP
CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program
since 1969
•We
W measured
d Load
L d and
d Movement.
M t
•We don’t know the
“System”, i.e., the Soil Model Parameters
1250
op force in kN
1000
750
Pile to
500
250
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Pile top displacement in mm
PEBWAP is
0.15 available in
CAPWAP
Toe Set (inches)
0.20
In contrast:
WDM
THE CAPWAP METHOD
WUM
WUC
1 Set up
p pile
p and soil model and
assume Rshaft and Rtoe
3 Compare
p WUC with measured WUM
Rshaft
4 Adjust Rshaft and Rtoe
Adjustments
Pile t
Segment
Length Li t Spring (static resistance)
Dashpot
p (dynamic
( y resistance))
Wave Travel t
time in Pile
t = Li/ci t
The Basic
CAPWAP
Rui, qi Ji
Soil Model
tG
End Rt, qt JT
Shaft Resistance,
Bearing Ns times
Some
CAPWAP
Soil Model Ji
Rui, qi
Extensions
ms
mSP
JSK
tG
mPL
Rt, qt Add Radiation Damping
JT
mt Inertia Resistance
JBT
Ru,s
us
Rs
u
Rs
quake, qs unloading
quake, qs cs
Ru,n : UN = -Ru,n/Ru,s
CAPWAP Static Toe Resistance Model
Rt
Ru,toe
Rt
quake, qt
d
unloading
quake, qt ct
Toe gap: tg
Combined (Option=2)
Rd = RS JS v until
til RS = RU
Rd = RU JS v after RU has
been reached
CAPWAP Unknowns – in General
Rui: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe
qi: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe
Ji: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe
1 shaft + 1 toe unloading quake multiplier
1 shaft unloading level + 1 toe plug + 1 toe gap
1 toe damping option + 4 rad
rad. damping values
Total 3 NS + 13 unknowns
(plus other trimming parameters)
For 20 m pile penetration: 43 unknowns
Total NS + 8 unknowns
For 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknowns
CAPWAP Record Divisions
Unloading develops
tr
Match Quality Time periods
II:
tr+3ms
tr
Input F
Matching v
or
Input F
Matching F
Working with Wave
Wave--Up
RU = 782 kips
RT = 68 kips
JS/JT = .05/.15 s/ft
(JCS/JCT = .75/.22)
QS/QT = .10/.12”
10/ 12”
RU = 782 kips
RT = 400 kips
RU = 782 kips
RT = 600 ki
kips
RU = 782 kips
RT = 705 kips
JS/JT = .45/.02 s/ft
QS/QT = .10/.12”
RU/RT = 782/
782/702
702 kips Prev.
Plotted Output
Table Output
Ri, qi, Ji Extrema
EX2; CLARK; SOFT-ROCK; Pile: EX-2 Test: 02-Jun-1993 EX2; CLARK; SOFT-ROCK; Pile: EX-2 Test: 02-Jun-1993
MKT DE 70B, HP 14 X 89; Blow: 627 CAPWAP® 2003-1 MKT DE 70B, HP 14 X 89; Blow: 627 CAPWAP® 2003-1
GRL Engineers, Inc.
GRL Engineers, Inc.
Load (kips)
0.0 225.0 450.0 675.0 900.0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Recommended CAPWAP Procedure
1. Data input: select the proper record
1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)
2. Build pile model (normally automatic)
1. Improve resistance distribution
1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)
2. Check damping effects
3. Check unloading effects
2. Repeat
3. Repeat and find “absolutely” best match quality
2. Produce output
Last Blow:
•Proportionality OK
•Integration
g OK
•Energy OK
Check individual traces:
•Moderate
M d B di OK
t Bending
•Velocities track
Changed
1: 59 to 10
2: 110 to 10
Changed
3: 163 to 100
4: 218 to 100
5: 273 to 100
Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wave
wave--up
Used AF
Used Further
Manual
Improvements
Adjust CAPWAP variables
Used AQ
adjusting
damping,
quakes, toe and
unloading
parameters
Check
C ec tota
total
capacity (ARD),
Recheck AQ
Check toe Smith
damping and
resistance
Toe quake
sensitivity
Summary of CAPWAP’s
Automatic Features
AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)
AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters
AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM
AQ Change current CW quantity for BM
AQ--Std
AQ Change CW standard quantities* for BM
AT Calculate a set of toe parameters
ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with
user interaction for BM
ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange
*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT
Output
Total CAPWAP Capacity: 804.4; along Shaft 96.4; at Toe 708.0 kips
Soil
Sgmnt
No.
Dist.
Below
Gages
Depth
Below
Grade
Ru Force
in Pile
Sum Unit Unit
of Resist. Resist.
Ru (Depth) (Area)
Smith
Damping
Factor
Quake
Output Tables:
ft ft kips kips kips kips/ft ksf s/ft in
1
2
79.4
86.0
5.8
12.4
16.9
9.5
804.4
787.5
778.0
16.9
26.4
2.55
1.44
0.27
0.15
0.243
0.243
0.100
0.100
Calculated Soil
3 92.6 19.0 1.9 776.1 28.3 0.29 0.03 0.243 0.100
4
5
6
99.2
105.8
112.5
25.7
32.3
38.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
776.1
776.1
776.1
28.3
28.3
28.3
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.100
0.100
0.100
Model
7 119.1 45.5 6.5 769.6 34.8 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
8 125.7 52.1 11.3 758.3 46.1 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.100
9 132.3 58.7 11.3 747.0 57.4 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.100
10 138.9 65.3 6.5 740.5 63.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
11 145.5 72.0 6.5 734.0 70.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
Avg. Skin
172.0 98.4 6.5
6.4
708.0 96.4 0.98
0.98
0.10
0.10
0.243
0.243
0.100
0.100
Ji, qi
Toe 708.0 100.16 0.092 0.830 +
S il MModel
Soil d l PParameters/Extensions
0.111
T
Toe
Output Tables:
Sgmnt Below Force Force Comp. Tens. Trnsfd. Veloc. Displ.
No. Gages Stress Stress Energy
ft kips kips ksi ksi kip-ft ft/s in
1 3.3 1419.4 -559.9 2.914 -1.150 69.27 6.7 1.301
Extrema,
2 6.6 1419.4 -566.2 2.914 -1.163 69.21 6.7 1.296
5 16.5 1420.0 -551.5 2.915 -1.132 69.00 6.7 1.277
8 26.5 1419.5 -518.3 2.914 -1.064 68.68 6.7 1.253
11 36.4 1418.3 -476.7 2.912 -0.979 68.25 6.7 1.225
14 46.3 1419.8 -434.1 2.915 -0.891 67.67 6.7 1.195
17 56.2 1431.7 -394.7 2.939 -0.810 66.93 6.7 1.161
Case Method
20 66.2 1440.1 -353.3 2.957 -0.725 65.98 6.6 1.126
23 76.1 1442.1 -297.7 2.961 -0.611 64.73 6.6 1.106
26 86.0 1401.1 -267.7 2.877 -0.550 60.86 6.6 1.091
29 95 9
95.9 1378 0
1378.0 -196.0
196 0 2 829
2.829 -0.402
0 402 57 21
57.21 6 5
6.5 1 074
1.074
32 105.8 1393.5 -118.1 2.861 -0.242 55.58 6.7 1.054
35 115.8 1404.9 -117.0 2.884 -0.240 55.11 7.2 1.033
38 125.7 1397.5 -107.4 2.869 -0.221 53.35 8.0 1.010
41 135.6 1253.0 -82.1 2.572 -0.169 48.50 8.5 0.985
44 145.5 1079.6 -74.0 2.217 -0.152 46.60 9.6 0.960
47 155.5 954.6 -57.3 1.960 -0.118 43.37 9.8 0.932
48 158.8 873.8 -57.2 1.794 -0.117 43.10 9.2 0.923
49 162.1 843.2 -51.8 1.731 -0.106 41.59 8.8 0.913
50 165.4 790.2 -53.2 1.622 -0.109 41.30 9.0 0.903
51 168.7 813.5 -49.6 1.670 -0.102 39.80 9.1 0.893
52 172.0 865.3 -54.5 1.777 -0.112 39.52 9.0 0.883
CASE METHOD
J = 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
RS1 666.8 493.6 320.5 147.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RMX 1060.4 974.9 948.5 922.0 897.9 880.5 874.2 873.5 872.7 871.9
RSU 666.8 493.6 320.5 147.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Output Tables: QS
2.520
UN
0.200
CS
0.707
LS
1.000
CAPWAP ANNOTATIONS
JS
2.641
SS
0.652
OSP
0
SK
0.000
MS
0.000
PS
0.000
Annotations
QT TG CT LT JT ST OP BT MT PL
2.848 0.445 0.300 1.000 0.134 0.080 2 0.000 0.000 1.853
RSA PI
0 0.010
TV AC T1 T2 A12 T3 T4 A34
20.5 0.08 0.0 20.5 0.05 20.5 24.5 -3.86
To review complex
PE M_BLct C_BLct CI BT MQ FR J_Rx J_Rs
20.5 1049.9 744.6 1.422 0.126 1.50 5000 0.72 0.71
Added Impedance
13
87.56
Added Damping
None
Damping Multipliers
All ones
HR CAPWAP Resistance
vs Displacement Help
Load (kips)
Pile Top
Smoothing 0.0
0.00
300.0 600.0 900.0 1200.0 1500.0 Bottom
Pile Top*
User Capacity Ru =
Bottom*
Bottom
1105.4 kips
0.30
Uplift Test Rs =
Rb =
780.0 kips
325.4 kips
Dy = 0.79 in
*Extrap.
0.90
1.20
1.50
CAPWAP Summary
• CAPWAP is a Signal Matching Procedure, which
primarily uses ultimate resistance values, damping
factors and quakes to match computed with measured
pile top quantities.
• Results include
• the total capacity,
• the shaft resistance and end bearing,
• the stiffness of the soil at the pile-
pile-soil interface and
• the damping properties of the soil.
• Calculated soil stiffness plus the known pile stiffness
yield the static load
load--set curve, corresponding to a very
quick load test.