International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248

Volume: 4 Issue: 3 467 – 470

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Automatic Soil Detection Using Sensors

Snehal Kamble, Pranaya Gottiparthi, Ashwini Thool, Pratiksha Ghadge,Payal Mhaiske
Department of Computer Engineering
BDCOE College of Engineering
Wardha, India

Abstract— Soil fertility is an important factor to measure the quality of the soil as it indicates the extent to which it can support plant life. The
fertility of soil is measured by the amount of macro and micronutrients, water, pH etc. The concept of Smart Agriculture is becoming a reality as
it evolves from conceptual models for the development of crop at different stages. Previously the agriculture is the cultivation of the plants
which is used to sustain and enhance human life. Now the Smart Agriculture has come into the picture globally. Smart Agriculture is nothing but
the usage of the resources in a smarter way. Resources include sustainable land usage, fresh water usage, and usage of pesticides and insecticides
which increases the crop production and supports the farmers’ income. Firstly the developed Sensor kit will be checking the Soil type and Soil
Quality. Later the different tests are performed on soil such as bulk density test, respiration test, moisture test and it also needs to check the water
quality. By considering the results obtained by the above tests the device suggests the crop for the farmer and it also helps him for the
maintenance of the crop. To keep the services of Smart Agriculture the IOT plays a key role.

Keywords – Soil fertility; sensors; crop detection.

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I. INTRODUCTION the results we suggest the farmer which type of crop is

As the world is trending into new technologies and suitable for that particular soil.
implementations it is a necessary goal to trend up in
agriculture also. Many researches are done in the field of II. LITERATURE SURVEY
agriculture. The existing method and one of the oldest ways in
Most projects signify the use of wireless sensor network agriculture is the manual method of checking the
collect data from different sensors deployed at various parameters. In this method the farmers they themselves
nodes and send it through the wireless protocol. The verify all the parameters and calculate the readings. [1] An
collected data provide the information about the various automated system has been developed for the controlled
environmental factors. Monitoring the environmental addition of fertilizers in order to avoid excess/ deficient
factors is not the complete solution to increase the yield of fertilizers in the soil.[2]It aims at making agriculture smart
crops. There are number of other factors that decrease the using automation and IoT technologies. The highlighting
productivity to a greater extent. Hence automation must be features are smart GPS based remote controlled robot to
implemented in agriculture to overcome these problems. So, perform tasks like weeding, spraying, moisture sensing,
in order to provide solution to all such problems, it is human detection and keeping vigilance. [3]The cloud
necessary to develop an integrated system which will take computing devices that can create a whole computing
care of all factors affecting the productivity in every stage. system from sensors to tools that observe data from
But complete automation in agriculture is not achieved due agricultural field images and from human actors on the
to various issues. Though it is implemented in the research ground and accurately feed the data into the repositories
level it is not given to the farmers as a product to get along with the location as GPS coordinates.[4]This idea
benefitted from the resources. Hence this paper deals about proposes a novel methodology for smart farming by linking
developing smart agriculture using IoT and given to the a smart sensing system and smart irrigator system through
farmers. Techniques for automatic seeding, weeding, wireless communication technology.[5]It proposes a low
herbicide spraying, harvesting the crops has been proposed cost and efficient wireless sensor network technique to
and implemented. Use of advanced techniques like acquire the soil moisture and temperature from various
automatic systems for irrigation and modern crop varieties location of farm and as per the need of crop controller to
reduced the dependence on manual labor and increased the take the decision whether the irrigation is enabled or
yield obtained at the same time. not.[6]It proposes an idea about how automated irrigation
In this paper we firstly check the Soil type and later the Soil system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural
Quality is to be tested using sensors. Here the quality of the can be decided by considering different soil tests like bulk
soil can be decided by considering different soil tests like temperature test, humidity test, moisture test. The results
humidity test, temperature test, moisture test. The results obtained by the tests are to be considered and according to
obtained by the tests are to be considered and according to
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IJFRCSCE | March 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 467 – 470
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the results we suggest the farmer which type of crop is used by the controller to control the GSM to perform the
suitable for that particular soil. desired function. It also has reverse voltage protection and
the LED notifications. It is operated in 900/1800 MHz.
III. PROPOSED WORK
In the field section, various sensors are deployed in the field SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
like temperature sensor, moisture sensor and PIR sensor.
The data collected from these sensors are connected to the
microcontroller

GSM MODULE

Figure1:Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil moisture sensor is a sensor which senses the moisture

GSM Modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM content of the soil. The sensor has both the analog and the
and it can act just like a mobile phone with its own unique digital output. The digital output is fixed and the analog
phone number. The necessity to use this is it can use RS-232 output threshold can be varied. It works on the principle of
protocol which can be easily connected to the controller. It open and short circuit. The output is high or low indicated
can be used like a phone where it can send and receive SMS by the LED. When the soil is dry, the current will not pass
and make a call. through it and so it will act as open circuit. Hence the output
The GSM modem is connected to the controller through is said to be maximum. When the soil is wet, the current
RS232. The SMS is sent through the terminal to the number will pass from one terminal to the other and the circuit is
using AT Commands. “AT-Attention” commands which is said to be short and the output will be zero.
as Vcc, Ground and the analog sensor. It consumes
TEMPERATURE SENSOR minimum amount of electricity. Thus, it is energy efficient.
It is very efficient in horticulture. It is user friendly to use.

HUMIDITY SENSOR

Figure 2: Temperature Sensor

The LM 35 sensor is highly used because its output voltage Figure 3 : Humidity sensor
is linear with the Celsius scaling of temperature. It does not
provide any external trimming. It has a wide operating A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures
range. The maximum output is 5V. The output will increase and reports both moisture and air temperature. The ratio of
10mV for every one degree rise in temperature. The range is moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture at a
from -55 degrees to +150 degrees. There are three terminals particular air temperature is called relative humidity.
Relative humidity becomes an important factor, when
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IJFRCSCE | March 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 467 – 470
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looking for comfort. Humidity sensors work by detecting scripting language that is especially suited for web
changes that alter electrical currents or temperature in the development and can be embedded into HTML.
air. There are three basic types of humidity sensors:
capacitive, resistive and thermal. All three types of sensors Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language
monitor minute changes in the atmosphere in order to that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented and
calculate the humidity in the air. specifically designed to have as few implementation
dependencies as possible.
IV. Soil Quality Testing
3. MySQL
The Soil Quality Testing plays a key role in the Smart
Agriculture, because based on the results obtained by the MySQL is the most popular open source RDBMS which is
tests performed on the soil we suggests the crop to the supported, distributed and developed by Oracle. In the
farmer. implementation we are using it to store Soil data which
are of different types
There are two fundamental ways to assess soil quality:

1. Take measurements periodically over time to monitor VI. EXPERIMENTATION & RESULTS
changes or trends in soil quality. The hardware is interfaced with all the sensors in the board.
The hardware components include the microcontroller,
2. Compare measured values to a standard or reference soil GSM module and all the sensors interfaced. The board is
condition. inserted with a SIM card which is used to communicate with
the owner and the recorded values.
Type of Soil Crop
The output show the temperature, soil moisture condition
Black Soil Cereal crops,Sunflower
and the intruder detection. The second result is the output
Red Soil Maize ,groundnut
from the Android Application that is developed in the
White Soil Soyabean
mobile phone. It determines the temperature, humidity,
Alluvial Soil Cotton ,Rice, wheat
moisture and the intruder detection.

Table Describes 5 types of Soil and Crop suggested for that

particular Soil.

V. Implementation Strategy

1. HTML and CSS

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language

used for creating web pages or other information to display
in a web browser. The structured documents are created by
using structural semantics for text such as headings, links,
lists, paragraphs, quotes etc. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
is designed to enable the separation between document
content (in HTML or similar markup languages) and VII. CONCLUSION
document presentation. This technique is used to improve
content accessibility , provides more flexibility and control The Smart Agriculture has to be used for an effective growth of the
in the specification of content and presentation crop and by using it we can maintain the health of the crop. This is
characteristics. This enables multiple pages to share relatively a modern research field and it is expected to grow in
formatting and reduce redundancies. future. There is lot of work to be done on this emerging area. Here
we get a basic knowledge that how the soil quality can be tested
and based on the tested results the kit suggests the crop to the
2. PHP and Java
farmer which helps for the better growth of the crop and crop
production, in farming of the Smart Agriculture.
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
is a widely-used open source general-purpose server side
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 4 Issue: 3 467 – 470
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[6] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra
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