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Callus The Treatise of John Blund On The Soul

D.A. Callus, "The Treatise of John Blund On the Soul," in Autour d'Aristote. Recueil d'études de philosophie ancienne et médiévale offert à Monseigneur A. Mansion, (Louvain: Publications universitaires de Louvain, 1955): 471-495.

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552 views13 pages

Callus The Treatise of John Blund On The Soul

D.A. Callus, "The Treatise of John Blund On the Soul," in Autour d'Aristote. Recueil d'études de philosophie ancienne et médiévale offert à Monseigneur A. Mansion, (Louvain: Publications universitaires de Louvain, 1955): 471-495.

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D-ACALLUS, OF. The Treatise of John Blund On the Soul John Bld, i i id, wa oe of the wey fio lets vpn the new Asotin Orford and Paci, He earned wach edebeny thar lt reputation was unegsled in Boch univers, “por ily, ee) mamma far je lie ser His erste De Anime i rkng expe ofthe penetration of ‘Avienian thors under che cank of Artsl ito thesboals a ‘he begining ofthe chirseath cnr. Like Guadiwaines andl ‘retan Anglcs, be bongs + pied of traatin, and jams the stempt ouelize Een piemphy in Werern thought, nk ing up the Arabian world with Scart. "ye know very lite about the eri years of John Blood. Oar ‘al infoomation is derived frm por writen in 1232 by Henry fof Avranches™ However sight ie might at fie appee, thsi a faces document of grest vale; ir accuracy sto be beyond ou, the mores sace Ch poam wa aseaed vo Pope Gregory ‘in afence of Blund in the boty contented election to the ee Canebury. He eye ‘Ade quod spate sesso inh, (Sos mam fer lea i ae ‘ht pe pete Oxon Pango 4 The Sate ai amt of Mat Hy of Aro ag 6B od et 6 Ro a3 Ray, Cy 03, il mendne lfc sap done epee divina ia ey uum wpe le daca eas Keds etdem, rere dona fn pn ‘We ae not tld when and where John Bland was born. Ba ce ‘the satus of 1215 roqied that mater in thology should hove eich the thieyfieh yar of his age fn 1232 Hd hd oly fren regent in thology for eweve yeas be mt have gid hs smatenhip oot eae than 1220 Te would, therefore, bet fine ference to ain his bith to che yea 185, a the Inte, "We canot sy with certainty wits he pura hs sues in Arey whether at Oxford, or ke Edmund of Abingdon and ober com temporary English youths at Pars All thing considered, ems smote likely thie ke muded th Ate io Pars Bot whereer he ‘i we ae aared that his main ner lyin plying el to the study ofthe ‘new lenin, which be wat one ofthe fe 19 eich in both wives, ‘To atin the masehip in Ars at Pati he aataes of 1215, resid score of six years study, an age of leet twenty-one, 4nd a promi to teach in the Pas whoo for a prod of tro ys’ Teis tru dat Bland most have ken his degree tome yet [fore the enactment ofthis proviso; bay at Profesor (oom S) Maurice Povske has sghly remarked, Counts seats ebied the tendencies of gene pra. If thsi would preumly follow cn eabsined ht Kene inkttmeatic, about 1209-6 The die would roughly esncde withthe sppenrance ofthe “new AS tot inthe soa of Pari ‘The obscrity of Arisorl wa proverbial inthe Mile Age Teo ‘actors concused in the main 9 depen chi obec: the Lat ‘tants through which Arotlian leaing reached the oh, ‘andthe poery of Latin exmmentaries, Whe ll acing baw be done on the expo of + bok, i ws staal lok fra guide in the expan of 4 dfSzue and intiate text, rpecily f Oe ea nas Ao ORNS BLUND ON THE SOUL ” storcomings of the teaser made the text even mote ohare Now the Mir! neturlr were tendered into Latin eter decly from the Gc, or through the medium of Abie vero, frm oth sures, by the scond Bal ofc wel century. Yer thet ecplns inthe schools wat dow and labora. A conser ine fern clapardheeween ce tenlaton ofa testi ad fe we, The transis fro the Gack were on the whl ear, more diet, ‘nd mare relsbl, but, on the ober hand, ey were davily ad flaflly He, whereas thoe from the Arabic were pedghrasc nd rather diffe and frequently miepeeeted Avisos thoaght by imersine denen from alien ucas ‘The weary worden of the Lain tunltion from the Aran the valved complein of ‘he yen fo the Grek’, and above all the sari f Bal #0 ‘hed ight on is interpretation were the chi betas 2 rapid Mraace of Ariotlanion ‘Sel, Tolado became ine evlth cncuy an ative centre of ‘canatin, Hie nthe secnd ball ofthe eentry Donnie Gun valine” and his smote tandted from the Arse ito Latin ‘Algae Aviebron’s Fon Vie, Avictna, and other plop orks wich were destined to cert x dp inucce upon Wester Shouse In this way she books of Arsole acved in the scoae companied by Arabic teatse and commas imported from Spain. Thefeleaal revelation brought about bythe penetation such woskhof toagherred wp masters and student sii the Facley of Art John Blond v2 student and lecturer, muse have een» witness of chs powerfl movement. Henry. of Avrenches Th ny te ann pny Pdr A tpt ad dw vy fotos, acy et Peat BS hiner te! ie Tuts ets Ante, impa Gan, Wire, Perch, "ah casy af deine, ur ee sh mai Ss ee ik chr sane ke See Wr BE (91, WS dies hs great enthaien, hs lng warch for Asotin tnd Arabic letning ogy Arioiis megs pei Hews, {uando tecener tor Ribena ‘words which sound alae an echo of Girls Cambrene: ei cidam, tanuem Aric nla Tlie Hipsiae ibe nper vet uma Attar the completion of the satstory period of so years as Ietuer in Pari, Bln, execing te cight of» Prin ea to teach anywhere, eed upon his epency in Are at Oxford. Th ‘mn would be teaching side By side wah sach mater Se Edn, ‘Robert Grete ™ and John of London, wh, seme now on th say of aka of Gale, sage Avion thei Ox ‘A al events, his fcture at Orford were unexpectedly ieeopt- ‘ol by the dpersion of mars and scolies eared through the = fendi clrcornm in. 1209. Once agin he depute for Pai sc probably resumed attaching in the Fuclry of Arce Some tine Ine be pated onto the higher study of theology, and, tw here _aleay sgqsted on the authority of Henry of Avransh cbse ‘is maxerthip about 1220. Mathew Pai impli that Bund wot sel aching in 1229; in fcr, hee mensoned along with eh fom Angi, Alan of Beccles, Nicholas of Farnham, Ralph of Midoos, snd Wilam of Dutham, who withdrew from the Univesity att seit diperon of thar yeue™ The anes came ta, Oaxd 9 ‘erome their chloe! eching. lund peenace nt Oxford i tev in 1231 “Seton a rion Op bern 8), "Gh Reb Oma Str md Bal ay Comme of te Sol uy of bay Dita Sean Sa sascrGa, be Pang Bae, et Wy, dl 6 Maer Chane main ot HR tas (RS), La, 17% a2 Fae in tf ses he Ra ry i, 2 3. andny vs pests ge JOHN BLOND ON TE SOUL o Wie eget Oxford Mand waco Avgut 261232 tv ts sells of Cnty Bo te don arity Seu yeh of Cy, Son {ihgtn (na Sapters ote: Ggery Da ‘onl Achblop Se Edmund of Abingdon By 1294 Bad So Ghul of or” He din 20, he me Jos Soe Tings sey Pes cite men Peat Igo opr ots peee dfs “The Trectatr De Anima semsdam lokensem Blonlam i extst in one mancieipe, Cambridge, Se Joba's Cllege, MS. 120 (lt E17), This ins misslincousvokome writen on rll in many Indra a diffrent snes Ie wa given to the Cale by Maer Gen rector of Bidbrok in Evens eter hitory i ankaows. 1s decid by James, bu on o wo pint, which eseaped hi otic, eed farther dacdstin. Under ites V5 fl 182-195, hidden the Nicomaca Ebi. fol abs, A cue op the adil yraen se geaze ses pb sri a vt pl Banca Socineia Habe ar pe utes pve any ford ges ie memo imam ale dcr nda aio Intore digects compan fo iti Ehig Noe as Met Gomme len ws hg Kin, Gale ‘ip sop sat mit k Stn, Ho La Sih ade ta en “ra a to ih Rind .C Ree Dry of i i ey i ai nro (Ree won tne neo nr of ets fom set al ytd bor yo 1 a ah ‘tm, owt Conia, Cele an Te ps, We to st tee SER ta he etn eh iy wh ay Soe ca ty, A Drie Ca of th Mam the ey of igh ca Cn, no fro pts rch fg, pn ode su eth Berth aca at aoe Eepl Sarena efron et imelligensaay, intellecnsr iieagera es fring etn itn Chee aera oe mere EP rin Ene fol. tera9t0, Btn Ve Ine 1 “Dap asem eee wrt, he guide ill ae canal on eden glia maton odo ‘Se li eat semitone pi Ars Jol tar, Repl: ino pcan «mgs prrons medio inven anc, p38, fol 107 te Il Vir aga ea pains: opeinsei ote ef rls»? Giana, py Jo tre, Bape ere ate de ou snes Sete pe ke Ee ee feed ip tom distin se stopp XV IRVE, Bi ae pp 1 aber Hh 10. [lplere th VF ox wane Grn) inc Qin stam exis pus dots gesam sorte medion € Agee. "(Gf TausBthconm ones a Neepaday et et ‘a nme, 80, fl OL SUP tint noe’ nan Cal oni ror ietbickty so Hv fcc bev nna ie rin. (et OL EXXEV Eis a enn mi re oe ns hss gate ot unin Bett Simca dts © ts dan eo fb XCAT fol 131400 Lhe Vt Ine: Roe aes ie mie preei a im t coat lo ve ety, ERC OS ‘oy. Bn pe sus al ois Fc am agin v= wee itn ot Sit JOHN BLUND ON TH SOUL e feb 190 90. Liber 1%. fn Mi en ea apeinr Mba w a PEs Be idan dam Sil. CXI vo fal ua 90h. Liber X. tes es bee de deacons suns pean. Vier ate ad Ee a tum, Non enim ov indigo ue in pra fc pe (tp pee enn CRI "The txt of the Ebics Nous and of the Bic Vetu is phy sheidged, but tha ofthe ocee hone even much torte Thee te aver glner on fo. 86-1874, ‘ie Vi, fol 217#4-236yb, contin «genio de bono in gener’, and were questions onthe sol, ery sae t he Sum Alex” nd ed. Qual I, 63, 56,5940, and I 403-58). Thy Bare ‘en ienfied by Boe 0. Lectin. “The De Anim of Joka Bind i found on fol 125194, 143 1sseb, Fa 135140 have bean misplaced, doubt inthe binding “They arin face the continaton of he Sermons fr dtintone ‘er eptlr, , 90-122 ad sould have pocded fo 123-194, 1 dar from the calophon, fo 140¥: Hi eplicune sername: er dictions sper epitoe’. The text, i doable elma, ie ‘writen ina fae lve mid-hesath-eatary Eoghan A pce ‘ras lef for then which be never bon ied iy aml Leer IE ured nsead in the margin. The umberng ia the lie of the chaps, tha heading in the ext, and he asrpion a che ben ng atin re bt aow haely viable. The sori fly good sad ‘Sonia fe inks and for eoeesone- "The Cambridge manus ice only known copy ofthis work The i ene ‘De veri opinions ces nine exe. This is only she cde of Ch iy enue, with cefeence mary at he head of che is ofthe Capital, and, though thie war unnoticed by Jaan {is cletly aumbered IT] The tue tle Fracttee De Anns, Thich is written beowen the end ofthe table and the beginning Of the enti. Ashi ide impli, this noe commentary on Ae nm a Ma tS tei todk's De Anns, but atest on the Soul Tefal, acoeding to the ‘abl of contents, into ewentyseven chaps che lone bowever ‘De divian provides omited. Whether che author hol ee the week unfined, op the It chapter was lot by chice, we ‘ance ny, That the work ie flowed ‘nmedately in the sane ‘olan nd inthe me hand bya diffrent txt, Sent de ees Teetitren’, would voom #9 indents thae Chexavi Was eay ssing inthe wribes copy John Bland’ authorship ofthis rent sotto be sy ea lh Te ir explstly serie to hm ince le: Tratatas De Aic tne candum labo Blndu, snd there 30 zen to dire such an iserpon eis fully corbecrted hy internal evidence, ‘The coments af che tense cormspond exactly with the account of Henry of Aveanches As we dll ater, he Aorln teaching ere expounded sha of the Arabia tickers, ley brought fom Spins the main author are the Arabian phiowphery Alger, i above all Avienna. Now she ely theca cenry mers ‘were indsed t Avicnas for thr intaton ita the say of the Ii sate. Ha ews who upp the long fee nse fc gié= face in phlomphicl speculation. To him, though uoitentionnally, CGiraldar Cambrens refer in is eater othe new vrons of Acisote made in Toledo, penfesedly containing lpi, bu in realty foncerned wich wbvetes on mit phloophy, nore, mare it fio thin wef leading to ee and rey. The i ley Trough out in quotation ten fom the eam’ preface ofthe De Anima of Avicenns, bt mistakenly aterbuted by Gist Aico ‘Soper Hiram Asiorlsquemdam De Ante ins “Alidough only xml ar ofthe at eacyclopui of Aviso he Kisdb Sif (Liber Sofiintn), was avaiable ia Lat, chit wee indeed an extremely important pay iocluding, among eee, logal rena, the Phy, the De Anne, andthe Mepis. ‘The are aoe commantarie on Atte inthe ect ee of Be 2 sla Bry, 9.91 “een gua dinom pun ‘pm pi fa pen lpi lp mag ey SS aay ls samme a Joo BLUND on TE SoU, ” sig tnd in by SO gms ea kr a Rl aS Ama SSIES LS lel ioc nhieu rao fie Sik Sater vpmeraslepe Eom lt ala a Sixes Sonata eae SNE poe nie pa ad spy Sa heb aa en aaa Saat Se teed Soca ane atc py Teka Sa en ee el he CSTR oe Meee OSL Ne aor ce Soutachachi catch laces SIRS SANE Rea oe a et Tenino sinter Si sc Sa Ree a ci oe ae cy i, ei el gee oi ein neces ition en Sere i Sy eg stein ia 38 SR emis bem a SOS ae ie i ae Se cetanene nas eee acess Reagent ht apne ies, 1 Gat En Rage Mes rT thane, ls WL 8, BP Join Bland was inde «fafa, but not Blind, flower of Avi ‘zane did not follow his une int been thee. By on the other hand alchough like many of Bi contemporaine faculty of Ars be knew he St Acgasting, a he knew Pla’ Ti ‘mars, cer, Buethias, and St Anim, aereriles, be did ot ftenpe to int Se Auputine ito Ariens. The Dt Avia t= ‘ond tation ofthe taching inthe Art schol inthe fi fds ofthe hirseth centery "Ti ede oto the goon off date, ‘The ine of argument we have w far purr combined with he ‘amples abrnce inthe Dr Anima of ty tence of Averoe poi to a ently date for es composition Two further eonidrson wl sid ws in defining thi sore clo "The fs is cat ths teatie ot the work of 2 thsogin, ‘ns someting ben sggeted but ofa mater Ja Arts A pence the subjects dacuned and atthe method of thr west some ‘oavincingly tat i was weicen by a phloophee Sure enough, we ‘End here mention of Gog, ofthe Holy Ghor of the angel of sn, snd alo sch qoewons ay Whether tei ie-vl in Cod snd in ‘he ang wheter the word-nl t be dented wich the Holy Ghost. Apsn, lund sats gly thee che human sa emo pro agsted through the ous of the pret, but i brouph int being by cretion I dts nt fllow from hs, bower, hat the De mi ‘ais a Guologieal eats, Sace ever in ach quran, sth im ‘morality of the sul, or sew, he never encrochcs on the Togiant tnstory, bat teas tine mates in purely pomp feshnn, Farther, me have ot met with any quotton fom te Be or the Sc eather surprising face ie were 4 thologil wire “The Book ofthe Sentences ced only once, aan argument sgn free-wll n God. Sina, though St Ansel inflsence an be traced chroughow tn whale qusion on fe-will™, he ir expicly ‘quoted only ence. St Augen ie introduced igh des (ere ‘ho one dabiouscestion) ye dine side by sie wth Artal, ‘ot beer ab Arto et Augusto, eal sctribus — bat Iie appeded toon phloupbical rather than shes ice The 5. ot toa ot Mo HP Lin Jose BLUND ON THE Sout ao ‘eal and fundamental autboete ae Arnos with forry-one u0- ‘soy and Avicean with twenty-one, Taking on ching with a5- theres hry poole ose the conclon tht the De Aig 5 not ological work. “Theres seand and more copen pies of eidence to show that the erent under conideraton fang to the Ar fac. Bland ‘uheseaingly denier to che theologian the rghe to dat withthe ocsine ofthe ul In Ch, dicing the qunions — To whom ‘dw it belong to stody che saul, che metaphycen or the natal ‘lopher ?™—he anes if he oa considered inacich {eset the body, imparting let according tothe dfn tion of Arisote,— he sali the perfeion ofan orscied body faving in eth capcy to ei pertaas tothe neural pe. soph to tee ths matter; but the wal cnidred inital Inasmuch a issuance, then i nveiton belong the meeps, “After this right reply, he brings forward an objection apunet is slnns—fe maybe argued dat ee sadly ofthe woul praia {0 the theologian. lua rejects ths elim bly. On he conray. ‘The thesopa's ask to we Bow the wal may mero dese 2 Sf 20, 36 Sega tin iS ein de inna mth si ‘io hd ns ede eb snd rh he ‘am me ccnfan mam ene ry pan fe en Senin Sens Ss lc ow enone cas Siete a tn noe pen fab le Seis Gg, sam, 2esSe%" The eesin wf tah ‘eat ed by Arma Be in, hain Mae dhyua Ey eee ec, Br dae Ia on fe a ‘BO tn cnc Pear © ur, Di ed vou Sree Ts dn SB Cre ae) er ‘oct aS tas egy, Ceo 39°95 7 wis Iads its vation of puniiment. It in 90 way Within Ths province to enquire abot the nature of the sul, orto what caeegory it bong or how and when i Inf in the body all this pertains to another facley. Therefor, nce the ony Duis ofthe hologin is teach ow oe ean sive his oul nd reco ren damnation it noe iting that he should tse abo se ‘Aunseily, 20 theologian would hve writen thee word; this is the Inngage of x mer in At jelous ofthe righ of i fee Ue, and-eer on guard sine pone encroaches by antes Tess signicane hi, however meagre wat the ange of gusta the soul dicused by twelteentury theologians, one or two of ‘hax wee of che sct objected toby Blund=~'How und whe che, soa is infsed ia the Body's ad, "How the ft grows, whet its growth comes om the sel efor fom me othe ste ‘With the increase af Enowdge in the Inte eels, When the snes were claifed and groped in ow depart ad ‘the curalun of studies in the ney founded universe war wall ‘kind she erntment of thee nates was asiged wo te acl ‘of Ars. No faclty would then trapas on che Jcain of another, ‘The reaction of theAris expos why the hclogiae maze sow in introducing into thie Sum and Sentences peycoloia ue ‘don. I was only by the 1230s wth de anonymouse De Potetis Animac"® and with the Summa de Bowo of Php the Chan, tae ee speed» fy fall thoagh cto day sion on che Soul by theologian, Yecsndum good thelogs de vrbs Toque’ 'Al things considered, we may witout bettion com cadet at se i Cy, he id il mr sr pat a4 hum ate Eos ep teegts nl babe cre eae ‘dun med, mo ibe pe Pee So gel Sim ol 2 CUE Stee Die Pg oF sere GPM. XV 23); Modner Ww oth feet Sua de ie fe ee *ct-Bia Caan, Te of the nh ey Uoplaed P,Ree tus de Tig ne mld (rp UT ‘Es Summ Pi Coe uta Be Ang, W.Raean JOHN BLUND ON THE SOUL o lade tne Bland wrote ht De Anis noe when eae mtn ‘Thclgy, but whl be wit ater in Ath ‘Alehoogh i i wolikly sha thi oat ae sande reprdues zacdly and verbatim etre ace delivered ia the clas oom, ‘ae undoubedly grown out of them, Iecpreets the ram and inbance of hi orl aching, cider ia estore or in diptaions (oF in both, eee of which could ely be found. To cit nein Stans taken at rendon in Ch xc, ‘De sins exon’, we ight ‘pon mh phrase ue Sie Responden "qd die fre, “St sia’ (ok 12), which obioniysbow sgn of «dapat. Now Ti regency at Oxford came to amend in 1209 with the dpc of ruta sod schlas onthe her han, the Pais probit 1210 of the lib natarlr of Arisa an ofthe comment would precade slater dite Hence we sll ot be far wrong if we aga fhe date of the De Anima t+ tne bnfore Joka Bind began Bt ‘helo sais, 1210 o thersbouts "et ow tn our ateton to ce erst itl, As we have slrendymenoed ef ito twenty-seven chapters, but the ext ‘ee ave bea of tb ead of Ch, av, On fowl, evn ‘ur completdy Ch sav, ‘On dine peotidane, promised in he table of content, ‘The plan ofthe De Anima is roughly thr of Avicenna Apart tom he nt chapter, ‘On Free-wl, which i rely inflenced by (Come Yes Se Sh), Mite 997 19. Ch eh Ps ht ce a SE i ld i pcr oo iy Seat (dey pe a So ei quate of se Tia Sem te rm sin Ch Ema feed so ISR, andthe fag hr Sea ruled, Wen Oy 6 9 300 ge te ip ei he ‘lemde Nogeam’ “Ou petnt of mia deals we py ot {em om rrp naa, Sn Spano, ‘aoe ata Maen, Rap 7 rf De Hae hsp pot my dap sce sd po of th ‘Se Anseln’s De Libero Arkib, Blund allows clay the Liber ‘Sex Naturale, aranging the mater bee ts hn, inering ‘nw elements from fle sors and resin Ris empl freedn ‘ depare from his nae! whenever he ha eto todo “The fllowing compseaive Ine Wl how at glance th ore pondeace beeween the eva Job Blan 5, Pesan capitan et ad Iieaeneqo mote ove ‘a mace, a oa 3, Seandam oe de ena a nee pruraione cln a peta bce on De diver opin cick PTS eaiee ‘omlons wanna bo ‘imal ee 2 sue primus any dew mote eee appreenty tsees Gey ped cnn sa tid tn ool a EAS coocopucbal ee frst Sac 3 Det spore deer vgrum niet ssp ‘hier wl agate ea De vin ec depen we scone P.1. Coit pons 90 steer ioe dr enim goer sine te a Cepia ein, Qond sina cere a pecs a Sane a wet. “erin wren de, none sania ex sur Siro sai Se Sa “fe 2. Copa seam, wegen lee ae Gti . rion de et quia ints foe pop tine wali xo, Si Gg ean to (ale. LL Gon pin. De vim iS "CL eters, Poco Mealy p87 JOHN LUND ON THE SoU a ena "Me De onbrs e drei, nbeiun. dips NTS De rvebeatane san, ot en De alia odors eg 15 lo tn ns 19, Quid seein, oe wm slulae poner speedo ‘Sree en vate anecdotes pm on sh a Sea “i Cem bile pone ac + memsrinycm ealio a po ernie "Be anion aio et 2, Vem, sce se eal ot iameral SA Ueram ans aon se sign socom "Be teow et soe nly ge moe LL, por totam (106-170) ahd Sone Dem id fol 910m), Cop. xem De’ ssa (fl ob, iL De Otis (le) Pil Cap guaran, De pate Goh 80 ‘DL Cap. tom, Desa edi (GL nb re. ‘iv. Cap prima Te uo ot ctu commie ds i Tetarier gor bbe sain ered Ive Cap scum, De se sini formal copie to om memati (LTS io PLY. Captian. De. afi. el se ELabaey ‘ip uta Qs ann non tsi ove ol 200258) ap. ui. De inaligna Beni teu, De radar ae oman Bat anima, num fnelas ot de_sioe Pte “nd 2% De I sin, ‘ > ‘hare can be no doube a Bld’ in nication i Avie, 1s seven dpe ten ot ft iit spon Foe or compe la Neverthe te ote inns werk oy for taney the cha of Cares pricy Wilam f Conc nt ap te" De Umbra Nori Adsad of Bah wb role ey cere, {ustnscaae lly race the Quetnss Net tog 5 pole that oth are bed on common murs, Bot the pce aloe dss noe pri ut ean alt plans wih i ded rogue « sharugh says of the whole ease ™, We confine ures coertn f+ few tpey sly to how Bad {tend of thought ad i conten to Asean sede “A thot pelagic reminds wo ce Preface of ven dec "he tandeen of Avisos De Anime itsoluces tsbjet, We fave fom Ariat al keowee cg by theo and funded principle el Aca gy saci Shunetl tobe grorae of iat fom wich kvl dre ‘re ll ek abort wal sad kr atibeee Now the warn Prin in every ings to uk whether the shing with which We fie conered da ex We dll inves therfore, inthe ft ‘ice wheter chee sch thing eo “The extene of the snl ie promd fiom the evidence of be sxe, We know by experenc he the sr en hag whch tov teens a wil Obra, thi io dss now eign ‘om th body, qua bd: others eich body would move fal st wl Hence the pice f motion dcr rom smn ‘Whar tye el wu Cringe, the ou dere “The eanieraton of ovo lee Blond io dus freer gposion, Wht ithe em of silo moon’? Is eed yt acu nln or by aul? Der movement of ehesnen Sy bas proced cy fm he sary or a hey anand BE Za My diol he nein eo ai Val, Bann 1394, 1 Bea fiona JOHN BLUND ON THE SOUR w ke ren and animal and thus moved by souls endowed with wl? Bland is fond of dling om etic tpi—one ofthe enecter- Src of the Oxford schol, an he examines this problem at sme Senge. He adder sve argumencs in mppoe of the lew tha tbe ‘elias are moved and dieced by wal, among chem one from the sutbrey of Bote I mnt eles ewe, metered Sat Sa epee do ands hove, digest theory, Kena i wey {ay and eding to sri In fc she Seam en teljvite we sonal yond aaa Bor hi bey {Gleva dv weald be moved op ‘dow od ‘idee ad ld dare wih pnts retin the cota aod mare ove or osiny i wold be sadowe, ke sia wih che fie frei beg ing, ting uch, Now a hi mae Ey fe ano tee ave So ach ovens te poe ine cet bie ‘ne ancy, be mint te ferent a athe ce tesa bc a ved by th own sae aod st by wale “hein oin oreed o chive de pefecion offeror ‘Bape forint ng governed by she motion of ptr things Once cit ection & are, he per cee om Inn ad ho ey ary at a land rv owen hats vw wn the geerayaceped ees i yr eae the al un ut uae mp ewe 2 ‘ima tor wha ave adsl im wae tat they clined ‘Aven ad oer sutra nt avon Sen ad ae ES Avcson tab also Hi enbarteticey lowe fm the face ae fr ering ly Aven ad ‘Rist chory, be tne wid lye comment tothe Bet {eet cu of fs tmporany, we ie te xe fal Sed inure gue mover, dakiam ede plain em motor dans mo- sume mas ane vl nat qe rena vce STUD saenden cx uum mort ete atria el volo sos Ses mane oad, Nil move seme ni pati fn orp Sopa nn sre Ha pop ‘Eye in is na qin exe in Spee fen smu ene im hi incinanen tended tl ‘finns tr oe ck ‘ei tore mae: el gin ris in Seon acura Sl eps een nau pan hon move 2 le ing cn pe ec gd ope fon in gon cm pte marly nomen nr ccc BS oe SSE eer of aes mre, pe™ ‘esd aden pee god an in dopoine sims ‘Sieber fw gure dena mara Seo ah ln iene ‘on erb ab ey fara eatra, sol for vile, ein mos vb Gi gisele in ores nn it nur, iene ptr vik. Ue ge Seenae dary Se sotar se vices Shon weer ‘Cccini ode prot oneed quo tit mons slr non at =o Tom iil ond ve sae apas ft emo en Hee prose pr vas. ig sla Ft ad mera, no8 ‘eli iad iden marae. Ergo al fgg ptr ae lite, ton eta indo poral sel toss ot ‘trl eit ab amo pont er rede lled (let Reloqucer po {od tos morn nan a wma. e ots es ela ale ale ‘ur ego gud ab alin. Sire pone obi e gales pe femme cum pe mons “oils Hae eo atone vider pone babe god femananin# tirapeion mete beat sna “ampli, in Ho De Gosia, loge’ de ani i ile capa, 0 prtena ey Boer das "la eet ein mie, ene profnin ‘Ce et sl covers youn aos seve Bows quod clan move b aia tema onogeis tum equi dup pa dem saa sts ‘lb iit Arnon lyse ued ene mua et nn re Uhl, qued tre ware usb ean pur spp en hes Se ‘br diver arsrarn, Beg gone ei pate et cdo nacre nana, De Colts Plea eb HR Suet sa Ef, Lion, 96, pen Ge La 7. Jou BLUND ON THE SOUL, wo ys tt, Sd Femara de sar haber seine mores ‘latin say, sr quae ps gpd fm ei ‘sige senipart Eimamind en sum olrom avi in de pare epi flere param manatee ih barat ‘Gnome nr pre rane orate abet nn ‘ep so cen Sod earn moet heed ru Sel Som ae og 9 tara pow over Et bv saath vel ab ‘mel vlan oo ot ona * Hoe ein moves aban vege quniam an vet sed ns ied oa Sat ane ere am pies epen rs ccnp pe ct Sl Ilse parca sigur son snl vce am lfc, Thy om sada ood fae Salta Dicmas quod feat more mtr 08a asin ai pee Ele me aso pope = SORE Sich: fe min nye ume mo, eats Slane Unde cncap god opin go monet {i pn options nara, ce mover a gues asl ab Te) lund atemen,ehogh sl nari, of no Hee mpoet= ancy fora ely 2 the fe decade of the hrc emery, be trve i ot Bs comidered opinion, ditt, tha the heavenly bodies Sent moved by sul, aor bythe inligent, bot by ther own ‘ture; and tht sain the tadtonal and hen approved vw of tech revered mater at Aritote and Aviceana. Aboot sty yee Iie, another Engh master, Rare Kdvardy, wl farce abr tie thr theory, which wa donned in th flowing century to pen new berzas vo sii esech ‘Newt Hlad peowsdh o deemine the astare of che sol. He Sspoincingly Ene. The ol according o Assoc, ithe per. fection of» body codowed ith rgans having inf the crac of Iie Tojusify Asin’ finn, he tates that the wor ‘atm refers to the eal in compote pec. tes hat these Se MD. Cm, A i J “Sey More Ret de Sins snopinar of elphsas ORK (94) mE bance exiting in elf ao by iol and thus is independent of the boy, and dae nt ech with th bly bes os ‘enon to the body, connotes it nin wth ee body nao fc 3 the bay iain a wid by tou Te en hse tat icin hepefcion of the body alwing Aviceana™, be sees is mabey inode tov ety sd ef cling forme. ‘Aviad definition of ew oul given by Bkid—‘Anima et conporis ori perso vit haben a potenti ot ‘etipnd verbtin with ay ofthe own definisons Tea ee Since with de Grek Latin ern: “Ani et acon rim ojos siya ptetn vam hater (Up 41207); "Prima a or tors piorpnic (6261-0); and alo with Chale: "Anios fo pein pre orpori nea rps ts ‘eage Whown'e ody 22% p29). Nether de ope wth eed samo spre ees am bla inp Se SSL Fame tng omer gees ede sep ‘om Ean am ce rr a pin Rt Ses eee ae Rtran iy eater aes SS Sas toc BESS Vore rom Lvl mee Ste hone SS SETS pee natalie a SSS Sie Tea ag iS Sa ee Rieger ence es ere ee Tata a JOHN BLUND ON THE SOUL o ‘Avicenna ‘Perec prima soepors atari nsraentls beni pera vie’ (ole 3r)y aoe wih Cota ben Laas ‘ere exer eucliinstrtneeal, potent vtsm bent; ‘ereeiocor- ages ot vient penal’ (Banas edy p13). Gone ‘Enaina definition comes nearer to chat of Ca ben Ler: Prins [pric corporis notcels, inamentli, vives potentiate (Gtocan, pt). Hermann of Carinthia hse Petco corporis nit {nl ineramental porns vives (ot: degen) 5 Perfecto co agen ot vvene pent (De Bnet, M.AL OO 9.74) ‘Fhe denis of Alfredas Angew corresponds vo the Grek Latin rendation,exopt that for afore wubsteted erfeto: Perfecto rime corors hil potentn vtam habenté (De Mota Code Bassas, p98)s Rens vero anima pefecio ex corporis piss ‘rei id, Prloge,p3). ei at, pha, witout Hen foe tha inal the dfn fret prefered aa it fad in ts favour + long tradition, coming down feom Chali “Yee we come sro Blan’ dfinion of the mal in the Sculoe Swesltionnm of is elder contemporary Alexander Neguam. This ‘rather swaping, nce, owing this clos relatindhip with Al fredun Anghous who delened to hin the De Mote Cori, one ‘onld ve eaptcted him to make we of Alfred's defiiion. More Ure he deinion ofthe sou daly netted to dhe Pooper, Followed in the Sfeeuiom Shealtionum by + few ies whch ae slot ent wich Blond ne en Pit cies mh He eb ahi onl prec st St forma, vd mandam bee sed SER re (Quid) tos mie anime seme oe Rate, ot “Theze canbe no doubt that one copying the oher. Bat the gue ion ss which fe ginal and which dsivatives of, art they ‘both denwing fom the sme source? Dom Latin het aoe too tome afiny between Noquam nd Bind in thee dcasion on feel and naturly heh etaiely uggested tha he former intend the later, Te data ato diponal ae nt sfficent to emblew come to define contin. None dle, would Tab Pk Mk EK shy ‘sem that there is considerable ren for supposing thatthe De ‘Ani is aie chan the Spec Spelt or1219). 1 ie ‘1, i it poate that Nequan’sremath, quoted above “qvedant, dip petnese que tholog ab vinden Bland. Or asin, the phrae: “Gaudet ego Philsoghos.appers, ‘athr co imply certain irony. Av ll vent, he ein the stare ‘of hin; the problem neds farther inveigation. Never ie cectain that dhe Artotdin definition ofthe ol ae gven by Bland enne inthe fre quarter of te thieath century the standard one We find iin face, among other in Rola of Cremona tad in Willem of Auvergne ‘Aviceana maintained that che human wel, bing abslaly sil fi noe admit of any division into ater and frm, Aviebtons ‘on the contry, clued thi, with the exceon of Grd, mer snd form ae the constuent peincpes of every being, corpo ell a sptual The problem of eaiveral ylo-mocpiom, popu lined by Gundisalin the erator ofthe Fou Vilar, bce in the second half of the thitentheenury on of the baring cone ‘ovens between the Artaans andthe olled Apu Both Alerander Negasm and Jb Blind del with he opi bat thas approach i diferent. Wilt the former tests it ftom te ‘Geolgial nandpin, andi concerned withthe oul and withthe angels the ler remains oo plilowphiel ground and coro 2h mt 94, a ont ion te re cpp van be “Ani gar at peo ifn Aen eres capi hy oe tl tn am br De firme oe han Sop het ge A's (De Chine Aang 6 3 From, Phgaoe The le tm deed moet fon by De Kosai ‘Pon Sn Impon rng Le at eae irda, Be, 3 Don Lara ey Sage pl} ‘So eomning Saag Bl Me py ea JOHN LUND ON THE SOUR, o Aiey the problem of the rational ol, equim is cosine thar cee iso compotion of tater snd form inthe agus ad Jn th sn val be Bay atm prove, bu oenly rm ox tment thm ho ld ecu) anton non sera aes torn an ie ome ae Sls last gles et cata Gs er pr bbe Sottemear tS nanchgfomoy aie loa mci ‘Gani ean ne pti Le ncougly rebuke (mont, mde) those who bee Chae ch thing opal mate, His holgie!presee ‘Sov cy shown when be 28 "Ne pune sgl i cris cine ge Sep sg i ar pec Tor Bunda fr Aci, the getion of he sbi singly the wal win connected with ior. Bot hres for Aven he ory of thew andes preppos ‘infor fering tenet, fr Bland fer Soy infec If te wal wre cogs of mater nd oem SDTRy eur way ero ne beset He begs age ‘ent in apps of thes tro aunt ext ep EXSY gues and lly concen ot in ost ti ia fom pi 2 SATE Sepa is Sa cre ann Rie ir olnpr Gio Now ie wrth ating the we mec with avery sine page The De Tomoviteiar of Gnd Ti he inv spttnnt cou th two objeto re ken fos aot ‘ork ofthe cme sli, the etn De Asin ks Band 3d Gandia bth sing common were, at Aviron

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