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Transport Phenomena Basics

Transport phenomena involves the movement of momentum, energy, and mass during chemical or mechanical processes. It includes three topics: fluid dynamics (momentum), heat transfer (energy), and mass transfer. Transport can be studied at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels. At the macroscopic level, balance equations describe transport within a system. At the microscopic level, transport within a small region is examined. And at the molecular level, transport is understood through molecular structure and intermolecular forces. Flow can involve momentum, energy, or mass transport alone or in combination.

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Prajapati mitul h.
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97 views6 pages

Transport Phenomena Basics

Transport phenomena involves the movement of momentum, energy, and mass during chemical or mechanical processes. It includes three topics: fluid dynamics (momentum), heat transfer (energy), and mass transfer. Transport can be studied at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels. At the macroscopic level, balance equations describe transport within a system. At the microscopic level, transport within a small region is examined. And at the molecular level, transport is understood through molecular structure and intermolecular forces. Flow can involve momentum, energy, or mass transport alone or in combination.

Uploaded by

Prajapati mitul h.
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2018

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

PRAJAPATI MITUL
PRAJAPATI RAJINDAR
1
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT
PHENOMENON

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Transport phenomena is the subject which deals with the movement of


different physical quantities such as momentum, energy and mass in
any chemical or mecanical process and combines the basis principles
(conservation laws ) and laws of various type of transport

The transport phenomena includes three closely related topics,


 Fluid dynamics
 Heat transfer
 Mass transfer

Fluid dynamics invo lves the transport of momentum


Heat transfer deals with the transport of energy, and
Mass transfer is concerned with transport of mass of various chemical
species.

1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES

The clasification of transport processes or the fundamental transport


processes are,

 Momentum transport
 Heat transport
 Mass transport

1
(1) Momentum transport

This is concerned with the transfer of momentum which occurs in


moving media, such as in the separation processes of fluid flow,
sedimentation, mixing, and filtration.

(2) Heat transfer

In this fundamental process, we are concerned with the transfer of


heat from one plece to another ; it occurs in the separation processes
of drying, evaporation, distillation and other.

(3) Mass transfer

Here mass is being transferred from one phase to another distinct


phase ; the basic mechanisum is the same wherher the phase are
gas, liquid, and solid. This includes distillation, absorption, liquid -
liquid extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, leaching.

1.2.1 THREE LEVELS AT WHICH TRANSPORT PHENOMENA CAN BE


STUDIED

A large piece of equipment through which a fluid mixture is flowing.


We can describe the transport of mass, momentum, energy, and
angular momentum at three different levels,

 Macroscopic level
 Microscopic level
 Molecular level

The basic arrengements of above three level is given in fig.1

2
Macroscopic level  Write down balance equation ; macroscopic
balance
 Equation should describe mass, momentum,
energy and angular momentum within the
system.

Microscopic level

 Examination of the fluid mixthre in a smaal


region within the equipment.
 Can write down the equation of change the
describe mass, momentum, energy and angular
momentum chnge with in small region.
 Aim is to get information about velocity,
tempreature, pressure and concentration profile
within the system.

Molecular level

 To seek a fundamental understanding of the


mechanisum of the mass, momentum, energy and
angular momentum in terms of molecular
structure and intermolecular forces.
 Involve some theoretical physical and physics.

Fig.1 The basic arrengements of three level

The flow of fluid are studied in three different parts which consis of :

 Flow of pure fluid at constant temperature with emphasis on vicous


and convective momentume transport

3
 Flow of pure fluid with varying temperature with emphasis on
conductive, convective and radiactive energy transport.
 Flow of fluid mixture with system varying composition with
emphasis on diffusive and convective mass transport.

For example, the mixture of gas can be studied with above those three
different levels which can be discribe in terms of diagram as flows,

Heat out to the system (Q Out )

Macroscopic

Heat added to the system (Q in )

Microscopic Molecular

4
5

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