172 TOYOTA TUNDRA — NEW FEATURES
Air Injection System
1) General
To ensure the proper warm-up performance of the TWC when starting a cold engine, an air injection
system is used.
This system consists of an electric air pump, an air injection control driver, two air injection control
valves (vacuum type), an air injection control valve (electronic type), and two VSVs.
The ECM estimates the amount of air injected to the TWC (Three-Way catalytic Converter) based on
signals from the mass air flow meter in order to regulate the air injection time.
The air injection operates under the following operation conditions.
Operation Condition
Engine Coolant Temp. 41 to 104F (5 to 40C)
Intake Air Temp. 41F (5C) or more
System Diagram
Air Pressure Sensor P
Air Injection Control Valve
(Electric Type)
Electric Air Pump From Intake Manifold Engine Coolant
Air
Temp. Sensor
M
VSVs
Mass Air Flow
Air Injection Control ECM
Valves (Vacuum Type) Meter
To Exhaust Manifold
Pump Operation Request
Intake Air
Air Injection Valve Switching Request Temp. Sensor
Control Driver
Diagnosis Signal
273GX25
TOYOTA TUNDRA — NEW FEATURES 173
2) Construction and Function of Main Components
a. Electric Air Pump
An electric air pump consists of a DC motor, an impeller and an air filter.
The pump supplies air into an air injection control valve (electric type) through the impeller.
The air filter is maintenance-free.
Air Filter
Air IN
Impeller
Air OUT
DC Motor
Cross Section 273GX79
b. Air Injection Control Valve (Electric Type)
The air injection control valve (electric type) is operated by a solenoid coil to control air injection and
prevent back-flow of exhaust gas. Opening timing of the valve is synchronized with operation timing
of the electric air pump.
Air OUT
Air OUT
Valve
Air IN
Air IN
Solenoid Coil
Cross Section
273GX26
174 TOYOTA TUNDRA — NEW FEATURES
c. Air Pressure Sensor
The air pressure sensor consists of a semiconductor, which utilized the characteristics of silicon chip that
changes its electrical resistance when pressure is applied to it. The sensor converts the pressure into an
electrical signal, and sends it to the ECM in an amplified form.
(V)
Sensor Unit
4.5
Output
Voltage
0.5
45 Air Pressure 150 (kPa)
Air Pressure of Electric Air Pump
257MA21 257MA22
The ECM detects operation condition of the air injection system based on signals from the air pressure
sensor as follows:
1) When the electric air pump is ON and the VSVs are OFF, the pressure is constant.
2) When the VSVs are turned ON with the electric air pump ON and all air injection control valves
open, the pressure drops slightly and becomes unstable because of exhaust-pulse.
3) When the electric air pump is OFF and the VSVs are OFF, the pressure remains 0.
4) When the VSVs are turned OFF with the electric air pump ON and all air injection control valves
open, the pressure drops below 0 and becomes unstable because of exhaust-pulse.
Example: 1 Example: 2
Pressure Pressure
0 Time 0 Time
Electric Air Pump: ON Electric Air Pump: ON
VSVs: OFF VSVs: ON
Example: 3 Example: 4
Pressure Pressure
0 Time 0 Time
Electric Air Pump: OFF Electric Air Pump: OFF
VSVs: OFF VSVs: ON
273GX81
TOYOTA TUNDRA — NEW FEATURES 175
d. Air Injection Control Valve (Vacuum Type)
The air injection control valve (vacuum type) switches according to the vacuum pressure introduced by
VSV.
Air Injection Control Valves (Vacuum Type)
Air IN
Air OUT
273GX27
176 TOYOTA TUNDRA — NEW FEATURES
e. Air Injection Control Driver
The air injection control driver uses semiconductor. Activated by the ECM, this driver actuates the
electric air pump and the air injection control valve.
The air injection control driver also detects failures in the input and output circuits at the air injection
driver and transmits the failure status to the ECM via duty cycle signals.
Electric Air Pump
Actuation Request
AIRP SIP
Electric Air Pump
VP
Air Injection Control
Valve Actuation Request Air Injection
ECM Control Driver Air Injection Control Valve
AIRV SIV
(Electric Type)
VV
Duty Signal
AIDI DI
271EG64
DI Terminal Output
Condition AIRP AIRV Output (Duty Signal)
Open circuit in line between AIDI and DI
- -
terminals.
GND 273GX28
Failure in line between ECM terminals and
air injection control driver.
GND 273GX29
Output failure at air injection control driver. 20ms
(Failure in electric air pump actuation - -
circuit)
GND 273GX30
Output failure at air injection control driver.
(Failure in air switching valve actuation - -
circuit) GND
273GX31
Overheat failure of air injection control
- -
driver. GND
273GX32
ON ON
GND 273GX33
N
Normal
l
OFF OFF
ON OFF
OFF ON GND
273GX29
