Catalogue

Foundations and Retaining Walls

1 2
Auckland Hamilton Wellington

18 Gabador Place 1st Floor 35 Takapu Road

Mt Wellington 25 Vickery St Tawa
Auckland 1060 Te Rapa Wellington 5028
New Zealand Hamilton 3200 New Zealand
New Zealand

PO Box 62 216 PO Box 10068 PO Box 51269

Auckland 1641 Hamilton 3241 Wellington 5249
Phone: 09 573 0690 Phone: 07 849 2879 Phone: 04 232 9442

Contents

Why Choose Brian Perry Civil? 1-4

Foundation options 5-6

Bored Piles 7 - 12

Driven Piles 13 - 18

Pile Testing 19 - 20

Pressure Grouting 21 - 22

Ground Improvement 23 - 28

Marine and Bridge Foundations 29 - 30

Ground Retention 31 - 34

Cut-off Walls 35 - 36

Plant and Equipment 37 - 38
Northport Berth 3, Whangarei - King and sheet pile walls BNZ Queen Street, Auckland - Secant and bearing piles

Why Choose Brian Perry Civil?

Breadth of Capability
Brian Perry Civil is New Zealand’s leading A strong team of experienced Specialised plant provides versatility and we
foundation engineering contractor with a professionals provide technical support lead the industry with our range of cranes,
reputation for performance, innovation and and management skills. piling equipment and marine plant.
quality in demanding and high risk jobs.
Strong relationships with New Zealand’s We are committed to safe work places, employee
Our workforce is highly trained, committed leading geotechnical consultants adds to health and protection of the environment.
and has a range of practical skills backed our technical capability. We are certified to the ISO 9001 quality standard.
with experience.

1
Centreport, Wellington - Foundations and ground improvement New Lynn, Auckland - Diaphragm walls, H piles and bored piles

Alternatives and Innovation Unrivalled Experience

Our experienced and professional staff are Brian Perry Civil has been a significant player in We have encountered a wide range of ground
always on the lookout for a better or smarter the NZ piling market since 1973, with experience conditions ranging from deep alluvial gravels
way of doing things. evolving from temporary shoring of deep and silts to the complex geology of Auckland’s
pipeline excavations. volcanic region.
We are regularly approached at the feasibility
or design stages of a project to assist with Piling applications include foundations and We have worked throughout New Zealand
technical solutions and innovative methods for retention works for high rise buildings, and the South Pacific.
demanding foundation applications. heavy industrial plant, bridging and marine
structures, pump stations and pipelines.

2
Innovation
31
Strategic Alliance and Joint Venture Certainty of Delivery

If we don’t have the experience in house, Our design / build piling and foundation service We work successfully in any contractual
we team up with those who do. including ground investigation, is offered in arrangement, be it competitively bid,
conjunction with specialist geotechnical and main contract, subcontract, negotiated,
Some of our most successful projects have structural consultants. alliancing, design / build, guaranteed
been joint ventures with specialist overseas maximum price, fast track or turnkey.
experts where we provide the local knowledge We operate in a team environment,
and resources. either as a team leader or team member. Our success in competitive tendering

Performance
demonstrates our cost effectiveness.

Track Record Ownership

Our track record in the construction industry Ownership by The Fletcher Construction Company Ltd
for innovation, performance and certainty of provides additional certainty to performance
delivery is unrivalled. through strength in resources, financial backing
and management.
This has been recognised with the company
receiving multiple New Zealand Contractors
Federation awards over the years.

4
Deep Foundation System Options

Bored Piles CFA Bored Piles Driven H Piles

Pile drilled / soil removed and replaced Auger drilled into ground and replaced with Steel section driven into the ground
Methodology with reinforced concrete concrete as the auger is removed
Effect on No displacement of the soil but the potential for Typically no displacement with good Small cross sectional area and hence minimal
adjacent ground relaxation / softening adjacent ground, construction controls soil displacement or potential improvement
dependant upon the soil and bore support used Localised densification of loose non-cohesive soils.
Typical size ranges 600-2500mm diameter 450 – 750 mm diameter 150 – 350 UCs, UBPs
Design

Capacity
- Shaft friction Medium Medium Medium
- End bearing Very high with enlarged base Medium High
- Structural Very high structural capacity and Cage insertion can limit tensile Driving stresses often govern the steel
stiffness achievable and flexural capacity at depth section required
Durability Conventional concrete in the ground design Conventional concrete in the ground design Sacrificial thickness of steel above
Permanent liner in highly aggressive conditions low ground water level
Typical / Plant Hydraulic or crane mounted piling rig, Hydraulic piling rig, concrete pump Crane, vibro hammer or hydraulic hammer with
handling crane, casing, vibro with powerpack and possible handling crane powerpack or drop hammer and leaders or
and / or drilling support fluid plant guide frame
Construction

Material to Plant Concrete, reinforcement cages and Concrete and reinforcement cages Steel sections
method dependant material
Materials storage Casing and cage lay down area Cage lay down area H pile lay down area
Noise Machine only unless driven casing Machine only Yes, if vibro used hammer used to obtain pile set
Vibration No, unless driven casing used No Yes
Spoil 100% Nett volume 100% Nett volume None
Other Plunged columns can be placed into the top Fast installation process with real time monitoring Full strength welded splice used at connections
of the pile to structural positional tolerances systems for construction control and records Predrilling can be used to overcome obstructions

5
 Driven Tubes Piles Precast Concrete Piles Vibroreplacement

Tube driven using external or internal hammer Pre cast section driven into the ground Soil displaced or removed and replaced
Methodology and filled with reinforced concrete with stone

Effect on Large displacement of plugged tubes resulting in Large displacement resulting in densification of Large displacement with densification of
adjacent ground densification of non-cohesive soils and non-cohesive soils and enhanced capacity non-cohesive soils surrounding the stone
enhanced capacity column which enhances the capacity
Typical size ranges 350 – 750 mm diameter 250 – 600 mm square 600 – 1200 mm diameter
Design

Capacity
- Shaft friction Medium Medium Low
- End bearing Very high Very High Low
- Structural Tubes can be reinforced concrete filled to Lifting, driving and jointing can limit capacity Stone quality & confinement in the soil limit
enhance capacity the capacity
Durability Sacrificial thickness of steel and Conventional concrete in the ground design Weathering / degradation of stone typically
internal reinforced concrete Review potential corrosion at joints not an issue
Typical / Plant Crane, vibro hammer or hydraulic hammer Crane, hydraulic hammer with powerpack or drop Crane, vibro probe with power pack,
with powerpack or drop hammer, leaders hammer, leaders or guide frame water pumps, compressor and front loader
or guide frame
Construction

Material to Plant Steel tubes, reinforcement cages and concrete Precast concrete piles unless manufactured on site Stone

Materials storage Tube and cage lay down area Precast pile lay down / curing area Stone stockpiles
Noise Yes if top driven but limited if bottom driven Yes Machine only
Vibration Yes Yes Yes
Spoil None, but ground heave possible None, but groundheave possible 20 - 100% Nett volume
Other Predrilling can be used to overcome obstructions Variable pile founding depth can lead to high Top feed “Wet” process requires water circulation
Enlarged bases can be formed to enhance capacity wastage levels and jointing expensive system and settlement ponds to contain silts

6
Bored Piles
Application

Bored piles are non-displacement piles Shaft Support Drill Rigs

commonly used in high capacity applications.
Shaft support methods depend on ground Brian Perry Civil’s fleet includes:
conditions, the ground water regime and
They are mainly used where large vertical loads,
site environmental constraints, they include: • Hydraulic rotary drill rigs of differing
seismic loads or bending moments must be
• Drilled, vibrated or screwed temporary casing sizes offering high production rates
carried by a single unit and / or when extremely
in the toughest of conditions including low
tough (rock) and abrasive ground is prevalent.
• Permanent casing headroom, high torque units.
The large diameters available combined with • Bentonite or Polymer fluids • Crane mount drill rigs allowing the
heavy steel reinforcing cages provide high
crane to be used in both piling and
structural strength. Larger capacity bored piles
Belling handling modes.
founded in rock can minimise settlement and
often provide an economical solution over Belling techniques in suitable ground can
other pile types. prove economical to take advantage of high Tools and Attachments
end bearing resistance. Purpose-designed tooling for removing soil
Bored piles can be installed with little or no and rock, adapted for the toughest
vibration and with much lower noise levels We have formed bells up to 3600mm in New Zealand conditions include:
than driven piles. diameter with mechanical belling tools.
• Drill buckets
Bored pile types offered by Brian Perry Civil Grooving
include: • Soil and rock augers
Additional skin friction resistance in bored piles
• Concrete shafts can be achieved by spiral grooving the socket • Core barrels
length using a reaming tool.
• Caissons • Down-hole hammer drills
• Contiguous piles Plunged Columns • Rock chisels
Structural steel sections or precast concrete
• Secant piles
columns can be placed accurately into piles to
• Continuous Flight Auger piles (CFA) facilitate superstructure construction.

• Screwed piles courtesy of Piletech

7
Waihi Shafts, Waihi - Two x 2.5m diameter x 85m deep shafts

Central Motorway Junction, Auckland - Installing retaining wall piles under viaduct

8
Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Piles
For use as an alternative to cased bored piles up to 750mm diameter.
Fast efficient method of construction in unstable soils.

Pressurise concrete
Concrete pile to Clean pile head and
Set up on a pile position Drill to pre-determined system and blow
ground level / piling plunge reinforcement
and commence drilling pile of founding level bung to commence
platform cage into fluid concrete
concreting

9
Piles excavated using Benonite / Polymer
For use in unstable soils where long casings would be neccesary.
Enable the construction of large diameter piles without permanent casing.

Set up on a pile Excavate the pile bore Clean or exchange Place the high slump
position and install to founding depth the support fluid Remove the
concrete using
a short temporary mainting the support and install the temporary casing
tremie methods
casing fluid level reinforcement cage

10
Bentonite Equipment

11
Bored Pile Construction Methodology Options

Bore state

Stable - dry Auger Short collar Guided freefall Camera inspection possible

Pumping from the pile bore can result in stability

Stable - wet Auger / bucket Short collar Tremie pipe
and concrete integrity problems.

Installation of long casings can be problematic to

Unstable - wet or dry Auger / bucket Permanent Tremie pipe
install and remove (capability, noise, vibration).
/ wet auger

Cost of permanent casing is high but the integrity

Temporary Tremie pipe ensured. Care required removing long casings
in difficult ground.

Bentonite Tremie pipe Bentonite widely used in all ground conditions where
a positive head is maintained above ground water.

Polymers can be highly effective in some soil types

Polymers Tremie pipe
and requires smaller site establishment.

CFA Auger Spoil on the Hollow Good control and monitoring of the process
Piling auger string stem auger is required. Cage insertion into the concrete
can restrict depth achievable.

12
Driven Piles
Application

Driven piles take many forms. Selection is Piling Hammers

determined by location and type of structure,
Our extensive piling hammer range includes:
column loads, ground conditions, environmental
considerations and material durability.
Impact hammers
Brian Perry Civil has experience in all Used to fully drive or finish displacement piles
forms including: in a range of conditions and to drive sheet
piles in hard ground.
Displacement Piles
We offer accelerated hydraulic hammers
• Timber piles with the advantages of high capacity,
production and efficiency plus a range of
• Steel H piles
traditional drop hammers.
• Precast concrete piles
Vibro hammers
• Steel tubes – top and bottom driven
Used to advance displacement piles
• Raked or vertical (steel tubes and H sections) in good ground
and to drive and withdraw steel casings
and sheet piles.
Driven cast-in-place piles
• Vibroset piles We offer modern hydraulic and electric units
with variable frequency to minimise noise
and vibration in built-up areas.
Sheet Piles
• For marine and land-based
retaining structures

Project Eastport, Auckland - H piles and sheet piles

13
Vibro Hammer Selection
Amplitude Frequency Power
Amplitude is a function of the eccentric moment The higher the frequency the lower the vibration The available power places limits on what
of the hammer divided by the suspended mass effects on the surrounding structures but the eccentric moment can be driven at the
(hammer plus pile). lower the productive capacity of the hammer. desired frequency.

For the pile to penetrate the ground, 1600 rpm is considered to be a good If the power is too low the vibro hammer
the vibro hammer must create sufficient compromise. Variable frequency units allow the will not be able to overcome the skin friction
amplitude to exceed the elastic range of the soil. frequency to be adjusted to minimise noise and between the soil and the pile and the pile
vibration in built-up areas. will no longer move.
Generally the more cohesive the soil the greater
the amplitude required to achieve penetration. 35.0
ICE 216

A pile in granular soil is easier to drive than one 30.0 ICE 14RF

in clay because typically the adhesion on the pile ICE 416L

to the soil is less. 25.0 PTC 30

Amplitute (mm) PTC 50

20.0
As a rule of thumb use: PTC 60

• 4mm - minimum for non-cohesive soils 15.0

• 6mm - for average soils 10.0

• 8-10mm - for highly cohesive soils

5.0

0.0
O 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
Pile Mass (kg)

14
Bottom-driven steel tubes

For use when ground conditions are suited to driven piles but noise is a concern.
Thinner section casing can be used because of lower driving stresses than for top-driven tubes.

Pitch steel tube and Drive tube with Perform Pile Set / PDA
Place reinforcement
form driving plug with Internal Drop Hammer to confirm pile Pour concrete
cage inside casing
drop hammer (maintaining plug) capacity is achieved

15
Vibro-set Piles

For use as an alternative to precast piles or bored piles in soft grounds.

Economic when vibrating a tube is faster than drilling and casing.

Pitch steel tube with Vibrate tube to depth Place reinforcement Remove casing
Pour Concrete
sacrificial shoe (displacing soil) cage inside casing with Vibro

16
2
Middleton Road, Wellington - Stabilisation using Sheet Piles Rewa Bridge, Fiji - Bottom driven steel tubes up to 50m long

17
Fergusson Wharf, Auckland - Raking H Piles to support crane rails

Huntly Power Station Cooling Tower, Huntly - Pre Drilled H Piles

18
Pile Testing
Application

Pile testing is an important technique to Hiley Formula

provide assurance of pile capacity and integrity.
The Hiley formula assumes the energy of
It is especially important for cases when:
the falling hammer during pile driving is
• Loads are large or critical proportional to the energy resisted by the pile.
It was intended to be applied to cohesionless,
• Ground conditions are marginal
well drained soils or rock.
or difficult to assess
Structural codes now provide an economic The method is widely considered to be one of
incentive to prove the capacity of piles by the better formulae of its type but comparisons
allowing a lower design safety factor. indicate significant differences are possible from
the results of a static load test.
Pile testing offered by Brian Perry Civil include:
The low cost and ease of application means that
the load capacity of all piles can be assessed. Tauranga Harbour Link - 11MN static load test
Pile Load Testing
Ideally the results should be calibrated against
• Calculations using the Hiley formula PDA or static load test.
Load (KN)
• PDA (Pile Driving Analyser), a proprietary 0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
dynamic testing system, including PDA (Pile Driving Analyser)
Grlweap wave analysis software The PDA method is becoming increasingly
5
• Traditional static load testing using popular due to its low cost and rapid results.
kentledge or reaction anchors
It derives pile resistance from hammer energy 10
• Osterberg cell but takes better account of elastic compression

Displacement (mm)
Pile Integrity Testing effects, shaft friction and associated damping.
15

• Cross Hole Sonic Logging (CSL) Comparisons with static load tests indicate
• Pile Echo tester (PET) significant improvement in accuracy compared
20
to the Hiley Formula. Cycle 1
Cycle 2
Cycle 3
Cycle 4
25

GBC Project Eastport- CFA Pile Static load test result

19
Static Load Testing
Static load testing involves the direct The cell works in two directions, upward against
measurement of pile head displacement in side shear and downward against end bearing
response to a physically applied test load. thus allowing these parameters to be accurately
It remains the most accurate method of and separately determined.
determining long term load capacity of a pile.
Cross-hole Sonic Logging (CSL)
Static load testing also allows the most This determines the quality of the concrete
complete assessment of load versus settlement of deep foundations. PVC or steel tubes are
characteristics, in particular time-related effects. installed within the pile during construction.

Testing may be carried out for the following load During the test a transmitter is lowered down
configurations: one of the tubes and sends a high frequency
signal to a receiver inserted in another tube.
• Compression
• Lateral Transmitter and receiver move down each pair
of tubes scanning the entire length of shaft.
• Tension (uplift)
Software analyses the results to produce an
image of the shaft showing imperfections.
The load is most commonly applied via
a jack acting against a dead weight
(kentledge) or a reaction beam Pile Echo Tester (PET)
restrained by an anchorage system. The top of the pile is tapped with a lightweight
plastic hammer and the reflected sonic wave
Osterberg Cell is recorded by a computer to determine both
length and continuity of the pile. The method
The Osterberg Cell is a hydraulically-driven,
has limitations and must be used carefully.
high capacity, sacrificial loading device installed
into the pile during construction.
Pile Integrity Testing
This negates the need for overhead structural There are a number of systems available
beams and tie-down piles required for a to test and evaluate the soundness of the
static load test. constructed shaft. Avalon Drive, Hamilton - 710 diameter tubes
PDA testing, results and analysis

20
Pressure Grouting
Application

Pressure grouting is a widely used technique to: Tube à Manchette Grouting Grout then pumped down
tubes to effect seal at interface
Rock Face
• Seal cavities in retaining and cut-off walls This technique has been used by Brian Perry Civil
to arrest settlement of sinking piles and heavy
• Increase ground resistance in anchor foundations in situations where ground has
Tunnel
and tie-back systems behaved unexpectedly. Sheet piling driven
through boulders
and rock after
• Improve pile performance concentrated blasting
It has been used successfully in a number of
bridge applications where settlement was Grout Seal
Ground Anchors Grouting becoming critical. Sheet Piles

The capacity of ground anchorage systems is

determined by the size of tendon, surrounding The technique involves enchancing ground at Drilled holes with grout
tubes installed,
ground conditions and grouting technique. various points immediatly adjacent to the pile by Up to 1 ton cement them
Rock Face
pumped into each tube
The grouting techniques include: controlled grouting using the tube à manchettes.

• Tremie grouting This can be applied to existing piles to improve

- Rock and stiff ground performance or during the design of piles to Grout Sealing at Manapouri sheet pile cut off wall
- Resistance to withdrawal dependent on optimise performance.
side shear at ground / ground interface
Design of the tube and grout pressures are
• Injection grouting critical. The procedure requires repeated
- Course granular materials and fissured rock application over many days to continually
- Effective diameter is increased by injecting improve the ground conditions to their
the grout into the pores and natural optimum parameters.
fractures of the ground.

• Post grouting
- Cohesive or Cohesionless soil
- Grout pipes are installed in the
bond length
- High pressure grouting compacts the
surrounding soil increasing the
anchorage capacity. Instrumented Grouting Plant

21
Tauranga Harbour Link - Bored pile base grouted using Tube manchettes

222
Ground Improvement
Application

Brian Perry Civil’s ground improvement Cohesionless Soils Dynamic Compaction

techniques can be used under a variety
of structures to: The engineering properties of a granular This method of ground improvement uses a
soil (compressibility, shear strength, and heavy weight (5 to 20 tonne) repeatedly dropped
• Increase ground bearing capacity permeability) are all dependent on the state of in free fall from 2m to 30m on to the ground to
compaction or relative density of the soil. be compacted.
• Control settlement
High relative density leads to increased bearing The shock waves and high ground stresses
• Reduce lateral earth pressures
pressures, low total and differential settlements, produced by impact result in:
• Avoid liquefaction and high resistance to liquefaction in
seismic regions.
• Accelerate consolidation • compression of air voids in the soil
• Improve slope stability Vibrocompaction
• partial liquefaction and creation of
Vibrocompaction uses the action of a special drainage paths
Brian Perry Civil has experience in techniques vibrator (usually accompanied by water jetting),
including: to densify cohesionless soil particles. • generation of excess water pressures
• Vibrocompaction (wet or dry) which cause consolidation of
Silt Sand Gravel fine grained soils
• Vibroreplacement 100
90
• Dynamic compaction The method is well suited to compaction of
Passing by Weight (%)

80
70
near surface soils with large air voids such
Vibroreplacement
• Vertical wick drains 60 as refuse dumps or poorly filled ground.
50 Vibrocompaction
• Lime cement columns 40
30
• Grouting 20
10

0.002 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 2.0 6.0 20 60 100

Particle Size (mm)
Guide to Vibrocompaction and Vibroreplacement
potential based upon soil particle size.

123
Vibrocompaction Process

Side and upper jets are

Vibration and air / water The probe is raised in 0.5m
switched on to promote the
jets directed downwards increments over the full depth
flow of material towards the
at the tip facilitate probe to be treated. The compaction
probe and commence compaction.
penetration. Jets turned causes localised craters so the
The probe is lifted once the
off as required depth of working platform needs
predetermined criterion is Pegasus Town, Christchurch
compaction is reached. re-levelling.
is achieved. - Vibrocompaction for liquification
and lateral spreading control

24
Cohesive to Cohensionless Soils Cohesive Soils
Vibroreplacement / Stone Columns (wet or dry) Dewatering using Wick Drains
In this process soil improvement of sensitive soft Wick drains are used to improve the rate of
clays, sands and silts is achieved by reinforcing consolidation of low permeability soils by
weak soils with densely compacted reducing the length of drainage paths
granular columns. within the soil.

A vibrator is used to penetrate and displace the Prefabricated wicks are inserted vertically into
soil and to compact the clean inert stone in the ground by a purpose-built rig. Pattern and
stages to form a dense column. depth are determined by the consolidation
properties of the soil and the desired time for
Jetting water is often used to assist the consolidation to occur.
penetration of the vibro head.
Soil Mixing
The surrounding soil confines the granular Northern Busway, Auckland -
Soft clays and silts can be stabilised by mixing
columns and allows the columns to develop a Deep wick drains for embankment construction
the clay with unslaked lime or other cement
higher bearing pressure, this is relative to the
materials. The resulting stabilised soil has the
surrounding ground.
consistency of stiff to hard clay with lower
compressibility and higher permeability than
The stone columns and the surrounding
the unstabilised soil.
soils form an integrated system with
low compressibility and improved The net effect is a reduction in total and
bearing capacity. differential settlements under structural loads
and an increase in the rate of this settlement
because the increased permeability allows the
columns to act as drains and dissipate pore
water pressures.

Otahuhu, Auckland - Dynamic Compaction for

settlement control

25
Vibroreplacement Process

Probe penetrates weak After being held at

The probe is reintroduced By adding succesive charges
soils under action of depth for a short time,
into the hole, the stone is of stone and compacting each
vibration and jetting the probe is withdrawn
forced out into the one, a column of dense stone
which forms a hole to and a charge of stone is
ground and compacted. is built up to ground level. Centreport, Wellington
design depth. placed into the hole.
- Stone columns for lateral spreading

26
 Mokai Geothermal Station, Taupo
- Stone Column foundations

Kings Wharf, Fiji - Jet grouting and barrettes for wharf rehabilitation The Gate, Auckland
Delivered in conjunction with the Fletcher Construction South Pacific Division - Dynamic compaction to consolidate landfill

27
Pegasus Town, Christchurch - Vibrocompaction for liquidifaction and lateral spreading control

Northern Busway, Auckland - Wick drains for embankment construction Wairere Drive, Hamilton - Wick drains for gully infill

28
Marine and Bridge Foundations
Application

Brian Perry Civil is an experienced and capable Drilled and socketed precast piles for: Marine Plant
marine contractor with a history of performance
• Wharf construction Brian Perry Civil has an up-to-date fleet
on a multitude of challenging and high
of marine equipment including a range of
risk projects. • Bridge abutments pontoons, barges and work boats.
Our capability includes:
Sheet Piles for: Jack-up barge: ‘Tuapapa’

Driven and bored piles for: • Permanent works Size: 24m x 18m
• Bridges • Coffer dams Operating Weight: 419 tonnes
• Wharves and jetties • Temporary staging
Maximum crane capacity: 100 tonnes
• Berths • Ground retention
Maximum working water depth: 18m
• Marinas
Reclamation and dredging using:
• Navigational structures Allows work to continue unrestricted by tide
• Reclaimed fill levels and sea conditions.
• Ground retention and reclamation
• Mudcrete Jack up Barge: ‘Kaupapa’
• Navigational structures
• Rock bund retaining walls
Size: 25 x 9.5
• Ground retention and reclamation

• Temporary and permanent staging Operating Weight: 314 tonnes

• Ocean outfall staging

29
Rewa Bridge, Fiji - Delivered in conjunction with Fletcher’s South Pacific Division.

Upper Harbour Bridge, Auckland Kauri Point Wharf, Auckland

30
Ground Retention
Application

Brian Perry Civil offers a selection of retaining

walls for a wide range of applications.

The wall type selected depends on the ground

conditions, the standard of finish and the level
of water tightness required.

Retaining wall methods include:

• Gravity structures –
crib / gabion / reinforced earth

• Soldier piles in timber, steel or

precast concrete

• Contiguous bored pile wall with

shotcrete arch

• Slurry / Soilmix walls

• Sheet pile walls

• Secant pile walls

• Diaphragm walls

• Permanent or temporary
ground anchors

Soho Square, Auckland - Basement excavation support using contiguous bored piles,
soldier piles, temporary anchors and soil nails

31
Permanent or Temporary Ground Anchors

A number of different anchorage systems are available

which may be catergorized as follows:
Shotcrete
Ground Conditions Durability
Type
Soil Rock Temp Perm
Bored
(Bar or strand) GF Platform level

Driven Soil Nails

Embedded
(Bar or strand)
structural wall
Screwed B1
(Tube or bar)

or B2
Anchors are generally tensioned against a waler system. ch
Passive anchors and soil nails can also be used. An
il
So
B3

r
o
ch
An
B4

ck
Ro
Excavation level

Bedrock

Grout Curtain

Petone, Wellington - Passive anchor and soil nails for cutting stabilization Ground Retention

32
Deep Foundation System Options
Soldier Pile Wall Contiguous Bored Pile Wall Soilmix / Slurry Wall

Constructed using piles timber infill panels Series of bored piles installed relatively close Steel or precast concrete elements placed
Methodology (timber, steel or concrete) together with shotcrete arches in fluid soilmix / slurry
Establishment 50-60T self erecting hydraulic drilling 50-60T self erecting hydraulic drilling rigs, 50T crane + grab / CSM, handling crane / grout
rigs and handling crane handling crane and concrete pumps plant with screw feed silos, high pressure pumps
Construction

Materials to site Concrete, reinforcement cages, steel Concrete, reinforcement cages Cement, bentonite,
or precast concrete panels steel or precast concrete panels
Work face access Plant & Materials delivery Plant & Materials delivery Plant, materials and pipeline delivery of slurry
Noise Yes, if driven sections Machine only Machine only
Vibration Yes, if driven sections No No
Spoil Dependant on installation method 100% nett volume 30%-80% Nett volume
Wall Movement Ground unsupported allowing relaxation Ground unsupported allowing relaxation
Ground supported with stiffness
prior placement of panels and backfilling prior to concrete dependant on steel section.
Stiffness depends on structural section Finished product stiff Precast panels can increase stiffness.
and backfill compaction
Watertightness Permeable with no groundwater control Permeable until shotcrete in place with no Good temporary performance due to
below excavation. Seepages long term groundwater control below. Seepages long term replacement with CB slurry but some seepages
Product

Connections Numerous connection options Drilled and grouted bars in to piles, shear
Welded to steel sections, shear & bending
dependant on materials used and bending capacity possible capacity possible.
Durability Conventional concrete in the ground Conventional concrete in ground design Sacrificial thickness of steel and internal
design or sacrificial steel thickness given lining wall for long-term ground water seepage
long term seepage potential
Load Capacity Capacity can be enhanced by increasing Capacity can be enhanced by increasing Capacity limited by penetration of steel beams
the length of piles. the length of some piles.

33
 Sheet Pile Wall Secant Pile Wall Diaphragm Wall

Clutched sheet piles driven into position. A series of piles installed so that they A series of interlocking reinforced concrete panels.
Methodology overlap to form a wall.
Establishment Cranes, vibros and hammers and / or pile 50-60T self erecting hydraulic drilling rigs 50T crane + grab, handling crane,
jacking plant and handling crane. mud conditioning plant, mud storage
Construction

Materials to site Sheet Piles Concrete, reinforcement cages Bentonite, reinforcement cages or concrete panels

Work face access Plant & Materials delivery Plant & Materials delivery Plant materials and pipelines for mud circulation
Noise Yes, unless jacked in Machine only Machine Only
Vibration Yes, unless jacked in No No
Spoil No 100% nett volume 100% nett volume
Wall Movement Flexible, can be increased with clutched In-situ wall with ground supported Ground supported throughout excavation.
king piles. More props or anchors can be throughout construction. Very stiff. Stiffest option given wall thickness.
used to reduce movements
Watertightness Good with joint treatment Ground water control over pile length and Excellent over full depth of the wall with
satisfactory performance with some seepages waterbar across panel joints.
Connections Welded below capping beam level Drilled & grouted bars in to piles, Full moment & shear connection via box-out
Product

shear & bending capacity possible and pull-out bars

Durability Internal painting and sacrificial Conventional concrete in the ground design Conventional concrete in the ground design
thickness of steel Internal lining for long-term seepage No internal lining necessary

Load Capacity Low end bearing capacity Capacity can be enhanced by increasing Wall has a large bearing area and individual
the length of some piles panels can be extended

34
Cut off Walls
Application

Brian Perry Civil offers a range of cut-off walls to Soil Bentonite

suit particular civil engineering applications.
Where ground water control is important but
with higher permeabilities are allowed, soil
These applications include:
bentonite slurry can be utilised
• Impervious walls for dams
Geomembrane Walls
• Water control barriers
For prevention of gas migration, particularly
• Cut-off walls for landfills and above the ground water table, a secondary
hazardous waste containments barrier is sometimes placed in the slurry wall.

Slurry Cut off Walls This typically comprises a HDPE liner, which for
shallow walls is lowered horizontally into
Bentonite Cement the liquid slurry trench as either a continuous
sheet or roll, or vertically with interlocking
These are formed by using a specially formulated
panels for deeper walls.
mix of cementitious and bentonite based
materials together with proprietary additives.
To complete the composite wall, the
self hardening bentonite / cement slurry
This provides a plastic structure that offers
encapsulates the flexible liner.
extremely low permeability with a degree of
flexibility which is important in areas prone
to earthquake.

Arapuni Dam, Waikato

35
Arapuni Dam, Waikato - Overlapping piles to 85m depths in conjunction with Trevi SpA

322
36
Plant and Equipment
Application

Brian Perry Civil owns a wide range of modern Drill Rigs Boring Tools and Attachments
plant appropriate to NZ conditions.
We operate a range of sophisticated hydraulic
drill rigs, well proven in NZ’s toughest conditions • Drill buckets
Plant is maintained in our own well-equipped
and offering superior production rates in a
workshops and we are always looking to
multitude of applications and conditions. • Soil and rock augers
upgrade or reinvest in new plant to keep
abreast of the latest technologies. • Core barrels
Rig weight ranges from 30 to 70 tonnes with
drilling diameters up to 3m and depths to 80m. • Down-hole hammer drills
Piling Cranes
We have an extensive range of modern, heavy Low headroom rigs are available capable for • Rock chisels
duty, high line pull, tracked cranes from 30 to drilling 1.2m diameter to 24m depth.
250 tonnes capacity with a spread of leaders • Benoto buckets
and attachments. Crane mount rotary rigs with drilling diameters
• Diaphragm wall grabs
up to 2.5m and depths to 58m deliver
Operators undergo comprehensive and reliable production and provide the flexibility to
continuing training on new and existing crane allow the crane fleet to be used in both piling
Bentonite Equipment
and handling modes.
Piling Hammers
Our modern piling hammer range • Mixers
includes hydraulic impact hammers and
• Sanders
variable frequency hydraulic and
electric vibro hammers. • Pumps

• Test equipment

37
38