International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2018

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPENACCESS

Data Hiding Process with Indexes Based on Whitespace

Method
Thu Zar Win [1], Aye Wai Oo [2]
Department Of Information Technology Engineering
West Yangon Technological University
Myanmar

ABSTRACT
This research paper proposes to solve the insufficient cover text problem and used the enhancement of white space method for
hiding data, which is processed by changing the secret text through extracting the indexes of the characters from the cover text or
ASCII code, then converting these numbers from the decimal numeral system into the octal numeral system in order to use the
number 8 and 9 as indicators against the remaining numbers. Then, merge these outcomes with the white spaces between the words
in the cover text by changing the font size of these numbers to 1pt, and changing the font color to match background color of the
cover text. This system composed by three format-based methods such as inter-sentence spacing, end-of-line spacing and inter-word
spacing. This system used double encoding process using octal number.
Keywords:-- cover text , index , secret text , steganography and white space.

I. INTRODUCTION
Information hiding is a general term encompassing iii. Linguistic method : The affluence of electronic documented
many subdisciplines. One of the most important subdisciplines information available in the world as well as the exertion of
is steganography. Steganography is derived from a finding by serious linguistic analysis makes this an interesting medium for
Johannes Trithemus (1462-1516) entitled “Steganographia” and steganography information hiding.
comes from the Greek words (στεγανός) meaning “covered
writing” [1, 2, 3]. Steganography is the art and science of hiding
a message inside another message without drawing any
suspicion to others so that the message can only be detected by
its intended recipient [4].The system presents three white space
methods; encoding a binary message into a text after each
terminating character, encoding data by inserting spaces at the
end of lines and by encoding data that involves justifying format
of text where the extra spaces are placed. Open space method is
one of the first used methods to hide data in white space
between words, lines and paragraph. This system is composed
by three formatted-based methods such as inter-sentence
spacing, end-osf-line spacing and inter-word spacing. The
advantage of this system is the sufficient of cover text.
Figure 1. Text Steganography Methods
II. METHODS OF TEXT STEGANOGRAPHY
There are three basic categories of text steganography III. PROPOSED METHOD OF SYSTEM
(Fig. 1) maintained here: format-based methods, random &
statistical generation and linguistic methods. A.Open Space Method
There are couple ways to employ the open space in
i. Format-based method : This method use the physical text files to encode the information. This method works
formatting of text as a space in which to hide because to a casual reader one extra space at the end of line
information. Format-based methods usually or an extra space between two words does not prompt
modify existing text for hiding the steganographic abnormality. However, open space methods are only useful
text. Insertion of spaces or non-displayed with ASCII format.
characters, careful errors tinny throughout the text • Inter-sentence space method encodes a “0” by adding a
and resizing of fonts are some of the many format- single space after a period in English prose. Adding two
based methods used in text steganography. spaces would encode a “1”. This method works, but requires
a large amount of data to hide only little information. Also
ii. Random and statistical generation method : This many word processing tools automatically correct the spaces
method avoid comparison with a known plaintext, between sentences.
steganographers often resort to generating their • End-of-line space method exploits white space at the end of
own cover texts. Character sequences method hide each line. Data encoded using a predetermined number of
the information within character sequences.

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2018
spaces at the end of each line. For example two spaces will  Merge the indexs and ASCII code numbers
encode one bit, four spaces will encode two bits and eight in the cover text
spaces will encode three bits and so on. This technique  Change font size and color for the numbers
works better than the interspace method, because increasing Step5: Repeat step 1 to 4 until complete covered the secret
the number of spaces can hide more data. text

B.Challenging in Open Space Method

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF SYSTEM
To hide two words like “Top Secret” requires
text size cover of more than 80 words; because each
character size is 8 bit “1 byte” and each bit requires one
space.That means “T+o+p+ +S+e+c+r+e+t” equal 10
characters, 10 characters multiply by 8 bits equal 80 bits.To
be able to hide a large secret message; the result will be a very
large messageIn a properly justified format of text, not all
spaces are available to be used to hide the required data.
Data hiding techniques are obviously suffering some major
issues and in some certain cases may become inefficient.

C.Algorithm for embedding

Embedding algorithm
Input : Cover text in richtextfile(.rtf) Fig2: Home screen of system
Output :Stego-text

Step1:Scan the cover text document to find white space

characters:
Index of the secret text characters:
 Taking each character from the secret text.
 Looking for character in the cover text.
 Taking the index of the character from the
cover text.
 Compilation of the indexes taken from the
cover text in the array.
Step2:Insert ASCII code characters of the secret text
characters:
 If the character does not exist in the cover
text or exists with different
capitalization:get the character code from
Fig3: We can synchronously count the number of characters,
the ASCII code characters as it’s listed in
words, and spaces
ASCII Table.
 Compile the indexes taken from the cover
text in the array.
Step3: Change Octal numeral system:
 Convert the ASCII code from decimal
numeral system into octal numeral system.
 Convert indexs of the cover text from
decimal numeral system into octal numeral
system.
 Add number “8” begin of the converted octal
number; this step to distinguish the number
is from ASCII code characters.
 Compile the indexes and the ASCII codes
for secret text characters in the same order in
the text by inserting the number “9” between
these numbers to separate the characters
indexes and ASCII codes from each other.
Step4:Hide the secret text
 Detect the number of digits

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2018
Fig4: Type your secret text in Rich TextBox and check your
secret character numbers

Fig9: evaluation the speed of data hiding process

V. COMPARISON OF TEXT
STEGANOGRAPHY AND DATA HIDING
USING INDEXES
TABLE 1

Fig5:Cover file and Stego file are identical

Fig6: We can browse rtf cover file to use as the Cover text

VI. CONCLUSION
The proposed system takes advantage of the unused white
space from the text “Cover Text” to hide the data “Secret Data”
on the cover text. Another risk associated with text data hiding
is the insufficient of covered text. Security has always been
important in electronic applications. The key advantage of stego
is the ability to communicate without anyone knowing the true
content of communication. Steganography techniques used to
hide secret messages in stegoobjects. The Steganography
methods applied to different media. In proposed system a text
is encrypted before being hidden in order to achieve a better
level of secrecy. So we proposed the idea for this paper with
data hiding using combination of three formatted based methods
such as inter sentence spacing, end-of-line spacing and inter-
word spacing with sufficient cover text.
Fig7: export index of secret text

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 5 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2018
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