1.
Keratometry readings in eyes conducted before they undergo keratorefractive surgery
typically range from :
a) 38.0 D to 48.0 D
b) 37,0 D to 40.0 D
c) 30,0 D to 40,0 D
d) 38,0 D to 40,0 D
(Hal 224)
2. What type of effect of the example image below :
a) Coma
b) spherical aberration
c) trefoil
d) shape
( Hal 225 )
3. Keratorefractive surgical procedures include EXCEPT
a) radial keratotomy (RK),
b) astigmatic keratotomy (AK),
c) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
d) keratomileusis
( Hal 223 )
4. How average value of Q factor for the human cornea which allows for a smooth transition at
the limbus:
a) -0,24
b) -0,26
c) -0,25
d) -0,23
(hal 224)
5. The angle kappa (K) is defined as the angle between the pupillary axis and the visual axis. A
large angle kappa results from a significant difference between :
a) the pupillary axis and the central corneal apex
b) the pupillary axis and limbus perifer
c) the pupillary axis and cornea apex
d) the pupillary axis and central cornea
(Hal 228)
6. the Lenticular refractive procedures include except
a) cataract and clear lens extraction with intraocular lens implantation,
b) phakic intraocular lens implantation,
c) multifocal and toric intraocular lens implantation
d) flying spot lens implantation.
( Hal 223 )
7. Pupil size measurement is becoming the standard of care in preoperative evaluations, hoe
pupil diameter were reported difficulties with night vision after undergoing keratorefractive
surgery?
a) >8mm
b) >9mm
c) >7mm
d) >7,5mm
(Hal 228)
8. The accepted standard transition zone for minimize night vision problems, between ablated
and unablated cornea is ?
a) 0,6-0,9 mm
b) 0,7-0,9 mm
c) 0.5-1.0 mm
d) 0,5-0,9 mm
(Hal 228)
9. Clinical management of postoperative night-vision problems includes the use of ?
a) Artificial tears
b) Miotic
c) Antibiotic
d) Anti-inflamatory
( Hal 228 )
10. How many types of basic astigmatism found by optical engineering?
a) 19 basic type
b) 16 basic type
c) 18 basic type
d) 17 basic type
(Hal 232)
11. To normalize wavefront aberration measurements and improve postoperative visual quality
in patients undergoing keratorefractive surgery, ophthalmologists are develop
intechnologies to improve the accuracy ofhigher-order aberration measurements and
treatment by using :
a) Limbal spot
b) Korneal spot
c) Flying spot
d) Small spot
(hal 233)
12. Postoperative causes of irregular astigmatism include, except :
a) Flap striae,
b) posterior corneal ectasia
c) irregular wound healing
d) edema cornea
( Hal 233 )
13. Irregular astigmatism may be present before keratorefractive surgery; it may be caused by
the surgery; or it may develop postoperatively, Preoperative causes include except
a) keratoconus
b) pellucid marginal degeneration,
c) contact lens warpage
d) bowman basement
( Hal 233 )
14. All these conditions should be identified before surgery, Common intraoperative causes
include except?
a) nonuniform stromal bed hydration
b) Keratoconus
c) poor laser optics,
d) LASIK flap complications
( Hal 233 )
15. Patient dissatisfaction after surgery, albeit rare, often stems from the subjective loss of
visual quality, the source of which can usually be identified through a sound understanding
of how refractive surgery alters the optics of the eye. A good understanding of key
parameters such as except?
a) pupil size
b) the corneal surface
c) spherical and astigmatic errors
d) laser centration and the angle kappa
(Hal 234)
16. A patient undergoing an evaluation for refractive surgery has K readings of 43.0 D/42.0 D
and a manifest refraction of -8.50 D. If LASIK were performed, you would expect the
postoperative average keratometry reading to be approximately
a) 35.7 D
b) 36.3 D
c) 37.3 D
d) 34.0 D
( Hal 226 )
17. The removal of even a small amount of tissue during keratorefractive surgery may cause a
substantial change in refraction,The Munnerlyn have formula approximates:
a) 3 parameters
b) 2 parameters
c) 4 parameters
d) 5 parameters
( Hal 226 )
18. Specify the type of action of the picture ?
a) laser in situ keratomileusis
b) photorefractive keratectomy
c) lasik flap
d) laser optic
( Hal 227 )
