Metro, light rail and

tram systems in Europe

 Metro, light rail and
tram systems in Europe
 Table of Content

Metro Systems in Europe – 2009. ...........................................................................................4

1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 4
2. System data: Europe-wide overview......................................................................................5
Overall picture. ..................................................................................................................................... 5

3. Number of staff................................................................................................................................ 8
4. Annual number of passengers...................................................................................................8
Comparison to light rail and tram systems..................................................................................... 10

5. Network developments............................................................................................................. 10
Developments under construction.................................................................................................. 10
Planned developments...................................................................................................................... 11
Network development for Unattended Train Operation.............................................................. 12
Comparison to Light Rail and Trams................................................................................................ 13

6. Metro fleet in europe................................................................................................................. 14

Metro fleet overview......................................................................................................................... 14
Rolling stock replacements............................................................................................................... 15
Rolling stock needs for network developments............................................................................. 16

7. Conclusions..................................................................................................................................... 18

Light Rail and Tram Systems in Europe – 2009............................................................18

1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 18
2. System data: Europe-wide overview................................................................................... 19
3. Physical priorities for light rail systems against the general road traffic.............. 23
Overall figures..................................................................................................................................... 23
Comparison of the EU-15 and the new member states. .............................................................. 24

2 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

4. Company profile. .......................................................................................................................... 25
Company ownership.......................................................................................................................... 25
Ownership of the assets of the company....................................................................................... 27
Public service contract....................................................................................................................... 28
Number of staff................................................................................................................................... 29

5. Traffic Data. ..................................................................................................................................... 29

Annual number of passengers.......................................................................................................... 29
Average commercial speed............................................................................................................... 31

6. Network Data................................................................................................................................. 33
Network development....................................................................................................................... 33
Overall figures..................................................................................................................................... 33
Developments under construction (line extensions or new lines).............................................. 33
Investment costs................................................................................................................................. 34

7. Tram and light rail fleet in Europe......................................................................................... 34

Rolling stock overview....................................................................................................................... 34
Rolling stock replacements............................................................................................................... 36
Rolling stock needs for network extensions................................................................................... 37

8. Development priorities.............................................................................................................. 39
9. Conclusions..................................................................................................................................... 40

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 3


 
 






     

 #
%
$ !

%$
$%&*,
%#
$
%

&#$% 
 
%

% -
/ %# ! %

#(*$
#
&#,
%#
%#$! #%
$*$%$
(%

!%*



#"&*

$#'.

%# $
#
% %*
!%
# 
%#
%#,
# 
#
!$%#$.
*
#
 $"&%*

$
 #
!#% $

%&,
'&%$
#

$&#
'
&%
(%
!*$
$!#% .

%# ! %
#(*$
#
%
!%
!&
%#$! #%
 
 #


!%*

#
%( #

$#'.
 
$*$%$
#&

#&#2%*#$
&%
#
$

%
$
 %# 2 
!#!$

$
$%2(
$*$%$.

#%
!#%$

%
( #
%#
$*$%$
#
$
 (
$
%

&## &,
$&(*
#
%&.0
$
#$&%$



#

# 
 #
%
 

'

(%

%,

%&$
##*
!%*
3 '
:7,777
!$$#$
!#
 &#
!#
#% 

5!$$11#6
$
! $$4.
%#'$
%(
$%% $
( &

%*!*
 #
%
8

 #
(

$*$%$

&$
%
%
 $
 %
'
%
  (
)$%
$%#%$,
&#'
#

$% 

#%$


 #
# &$*
$ 

!#%
 #

'#
#
 #
$!

%
%
#
$*$%$.
%#
$*$%$
#"&#
'#
'$%%
%
%
#




!%
$
%
!##
!% 
 #
#
%$
(#

&$%$
%

!%
 $%.


#%*
$ ($
 ('#
%%
&
%
$!
#&$%$





# &%$
#

&
)!%% $
 #


"&%*

$#'
3 (
*
%  $


5%%
#

!#% 64
$
$#
%$

&!%$
&
%#
$*$%$.




%$
$%&*
$
%
'

#
'#'(

%
%( #$
3
!#% ,

 $%#&% 


!4


%
# 
$% 
3%
$+$

4

##
%
$%
$ 
#
%#$

 #
%
&%&#
' !%,
 %
 #
#!%$
$
(
$
(
$
3)%$ $
#
(
$

#"&#
% 
# 
$% 
%
%
$#'
'4.
 
#$#
$
$
&! 


"&$% #
$%
%

%#
$*$%$
$
(
$
&! 
% 
 #% 
#%
# 
%

 $%
'
$ &#$
&##%*
',
 $%*
#$%
,
#
'
$ #*
%#%&#.


%$
$%&*
%
 %
%
$
!#$%


#%
(*
%
%
'


 &%#*
#


# &!

 &%#$.
#
#
%#
 &%#*
# &!$-

8
•  ##

8;
 &%#$
34

•  &%#$

%
$%
)%$ $


3 ,
+
!&,
&#,
&#*,
,

9
 ',
$% ,
%'4
34

• %#
 &%#$
* 
29<

%
 &%#$
3

#(*,
(%+#,
 $

#+ ',
#,
# %

&#*4
34

8

% &%
&) &#

#
$
%#
#

%#
$*$%$

9


(
#
$%%$
 %
% 

 %
! $$$$
%#
$*$%$

4 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe





 






#
$! 
#!
!
67
#!
"("#"+
57
.9:>/


$

#
!!
-37
$#!")
7
.33>/

#



#!
7
.33>/
(
#
!!"

#
$!!#
$! 
,




$#

#
38;
#!
")
368
"
.:8>/
&#

#&!
'##

4)557

.:9>

#
##/


$


#
-37
$#!(
!$ ,

 !"
&#
#
4226
"#$(
"&"
##
#!
!
;
!
"("#"

#

#!
$#!(
!$ "*
#"
"

!"

47>

#
##
$!

#&!"

%
(!",

!

#

!%"
##
"
#
4226
"$!%(
:
&
#&!"
 

-37



-49,


$&(
"#!$#$!
!
#
!" 
!#"
"
#
&
"#!$#+
6>
!
%#)
46>
!
#

!

94>
!
!$
$!!$,

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 5

 





6 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 




12
%
 #


 
0&835
 
  
+ *04
0&655'
80;



07/'
8;,
%

311

! '
#
!
10)5;)
0&/10
  
+41)4;,



#&
#"

 *
04
! 
"

"

44
  

 #


#
#






%
06
!
  )

"
 
 #

  
! 

0)/1
'
))
/)85




 *04
! &
0)03






0)31


*16)

#


#
% 








 
 #
  )




!



 #
"
!

"
 



$ 
+,



% 


+,


 #

 *04
24
+67;,
035
+75;,
1&224
+76;,
3)0
06)3



4
+00;,
01
+6;,
1//
+7;,
1)3
05)4

*16
4
+00;,
00
+6;,
03/
+4;,
1)1
04)3





2)6
06)1


"
 



% 

 #
$ 

% 
#

#
 !(

3)0



% 

60

 #
$ 

% 


"


 *04
! %
!


1)3


3/




)


*16
! %
!

!

1)1


% 

22)7


 #
$ 

% )

 
#





 ! !
% 
  




! %
!(

 *04
! 
 
%

!
!



% 








*16
! )
#"

"
 



! 
 





! %
!
# 
!
05
)

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 7

 

 



)
99
$"
 "$"#
" 
$
$
!%#$
%$
$
 )
"

$
#%"&).
#

$

$
$
#

'
"
$#
 #
;<+:9@
"##
"
'"
)

$
 "$


$

$
$"
#)#$#+
'"
88+:89
"
"&"#
39<C4.


""$
$#
%"#
'$
$
$'"
($$

$#
#)#$#
$
&"
%$

#$
"
&"
$'"

$"
#
8>
"
29>+
9:

$
28<

=8

$
.

$
%$
$
##"
%"#
"
$

$'"#
'
" 
$
$#
!%#$
$
'
"#%$
#
$-

#$
"
#

&"

/"# #0
"
8<=+>;8
##"#

28<+
87:+?;9
##"#



9:=+777
##"#

29>.






 


 

#
!%#$
#

#'"
)

%$

#)#$
3*"+
%")4

$
#$
" #
#'
$

 "##&
%"

@.@

##"#

)")
&
'$
$"
#)#$#


$"
%$")

"% #,
..
99;.<

##"#
"
)"
"
$'"

&".
"
"#
"#$

$"#

)")

##"#
'$
%$
9

397C

$
$$4+
'
)
")
'$
8.<

38<C4+
 
'$
8.:


38:C4

$
$

'$
8.8

388C4.
"#
#
"")
")
8.<



")
8.8


##"#

)",
'
)
"
'$
")
>77
.

$'"
'$
$
##$
%$


)")
##"#
""
#

'$
?


$
#
#
$
##$

$'"
($$
'$
<.<
.




$$#
%
%"

&"
%"

##"#1)"1

3.4

##"#
3.4

$" #
"
$$
%"

$'"#


!"
%$##
$
!

28<
:?:
?+:=;
98.?
9=8.;


??
8+9;=
8;.9
9;@.:

)
29>
@7
9==
:.7
<:.9


&"
%"

##"#
""
"
$'"
#

#
)
91:

$
%$
'$
28<
%$"#

'"#
$
$'"#
"
29>
%$"#
$"# "$
)
8:C

$
##"
%"#
"
$
28<
"% .


!

8 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe




Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 9

 



 


 




:AB

#
(&"
#(+$& '
&&-
%%&$,"(!-
:92=
!!$#
%''#&'
%&
-&
($

$"%&
+(
B2B

!!$#
$&
=>
"(&$
'-'("'
$#
!&!-
''
(

%(-
$
"(&$
'-'("'2


)&'
#
(!
<
!$+
'$+
(
"$)#(
$
%''#&'
#
&&
-&!-
#
"(&$
#
#
!(
&!
#

(&"
'-'("'
#
&!($#
($
(&
#(+$&
,(#(2
#
!&!-
''
(
&#(
)#($#'
$
"(&$
#
!(

&!3(&"
'-'("'
+(
")
&
(&
$&
"(&$
'-'("'
#&!!-
'&*#
"$&
('
#3$&
#'
&'2




(&$1

(
!
#
(&"1



''#&'
5#
$63#(+$&
,(#(
5#
"6
''#&'
5#
$63#(+$&
,(#(
5#
"6





4:>
<2<<
:299


?2<9
:2B@

-$#
4;@
:2>@
:2<?

$&
4:>
#

$#
!$"(&
$
"(&$
&&'
'
*&
(&
("'
"$&
%''#&'
(#

!$"(&
$

!(
&!
$&
(&"2
$&
4;@
$)#(&'
(&
#(+$& '
&'%$#1
$&
+(.&!#
#
)& -
$#
#
'"!&

)&'
$)(
<2>
"!!$#
%''#&'
%&
!$"(&
$
#(+$& 0
$+*&
$&
$&+-
(
*!)
'
92B/
)
($
(

!&
,(#(
$
(
'!$
#(+$&
$"%&
($
(
%$%)!($#
'&*2




  

(+$&
*!$%"#('
'$)!

)#&'($$
'1
56
!#
,(#'$#'
$&
#+
!#'
)#&
$#'(&)($#/
$&
56
!#

,(#'$#'
$&
#+
!#'/
+
&
%!##2

 
 
 



(
(
("
$
(
!$&($#
$
('
'()-
<B:
"
$
#(+$&
,(#'$#'
+&


#
;A

)&$%#
('
#
")#%!('1

• ;;
$
!!
,(#'$#'
5@BE6
+(

!#(
$
;?B
"
5?BE6
&
%&$&"
+(#
(
4:>
$)#(&-
&$)%0

• =
,(#'$#'
5:=E6
+(

!#(
$
>;
"
5:<E6
&
( #
%!
+(#
(
$%&($&'
$
(
0
#

• ;
#(+$&
,(#'$#'
)#&
$#'(&)($#
5@E6
+(

!#(
$
@9
"
5:AE6
&
"%!"#(
-$#

(
4;@2

#
$"%&'$#
($
(
;99=
'()-
+(
:=B
"
)#&
$#'(&)($#/
('
"#'

($(!
#&'
$
;?;E
+&$

;=9E
$&
(
4:>
$)#(&-
&$)%/
@=<E
$&

#
;<<E
$&
(
&$)%
-$#
4;@2

&$"
(
)&'
+
*
#
$!!(
(
$!!$+#
#'
*
$)&&
(+#
;99=
#
;99B1

4 $&
4:>/

!&
%&$&(-
'
*#
($
,(#'$#'
$
,'(#
#(+$& '
5;99B1
::=
"
#'(
;99=1
<?

"6/
)(
(
$#'(&)($#
$
#+
!#'
'
!'$
$#'&!
5;99B1
:>>
"
#'(
;99=1
@?
"6

10 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 , 

(
" 
!
!

 !

"% 
&"!
-311:*
27

!"
3115*
8
.
!
%
!


%
!
-311:*
48

!"
3115*
1
.

, 
,38(
"
!" #"

%
!
!

"

"
!"
!"#'
-311:*
75

!"
3115*
26

.(
#"
"
&"!!

"
"

 
%
"

3115
-311:*
8

!"
3115*
26
.






  




"
" 
#" '
 #!
34
"!


  
"
 "
%
" 
!'!"!

"
&"
"
" 

"% 
'
 "
%
!

&"!!
%"

""
"

4:7
*

• 27
"!

,26
-81=.
'

""

313

-62=.)

• 5
"!
-28=.
%"
"


'

""

84

-29=.)


• 4
"!
'
,38
-24=.
'
'

""

232

-41=.


"
# !
!%
"
%

 !
"
"
 $#!
!"#'

3115*

, 
,26(

!!

&"!!
 

-311:*
98

!"
3115*
257
.

"
!

!"#"
!
"
%
!
-311:*
227

!"
3115*
269
.

, 

(
" 
!

#!



&"!!
-311:*
55

!"
3115*
24
.(
%$
"

%
!
!%

 
!""
$"
-311:*
41

!"
3115*
43
.

, 
,38(
" 
!
!


" 
"% !
&"!!
-311:*
52

!"
3115*
5
.(
#"





"
 
%
!
-311:*
91

!"
3115*
238
.

 
"
""
"


&"!!(
%
!


!
%"
"
 $#!
!"#'

3115


!"
 !


"


&"!!

,26
-#!
44=.


"
#" !
,38
-#!

9=.


 !

"


-273=.+

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 11

 




 
  





 

 

 %% 
#
"#%!
12
$
"#!'

67
$*$%$
!
6<
 $
(%

%!%
 %
!
6;;
-


$*$%$
$$
! 

(%+# 
#
$%&%

%
06:
!& %#$.

%!%
%#
#
<8.6

& #

! $%#&%!
1:8.8

06:
 
6>.=



2
 
:6.:

" 
196

06:
 
65.:


2.


   
!
%
" 
 
)% $! $
& #
! $%#&%!
&$&*
 '!'$
$%%/$
&%,

# %$
 
%*

 
& "
&%.

%(!
$$

"#!%
$
'!"

%
!#
!
"&0"#'%0"#% #$"$.

12 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe





 


 





%#!
& #
! $%#.
12

& #
! $%#.
12
%#!
" 
12

" 
12











06:
7;>

97:

757

=65



:7

6<

<8

9=


07<
<5

9;

676

77=




%#!
& #
! $%#.


& #
! $%#.

%#!
" 


" 



1
A
!
)$% 
%(!#2
1
A
!
)$% 
%(!#2
1
A
!
)$% 
%(!#2
1
A
!
)$% 
%(!#2


 
 
 
 

06:
65.<A
>.>A
=.6A
6;.:A


7;.8A
5.=A
8;.>A
7.8A

07<
96.<A
6<.:A
<6.=A
=5.;A


9
"#$ %$

!'#'(
!
%(!#
'!" %$

!%#$
!#
!%
%#!
 
%
#/%#

$*$%$
(
#
&## %*
& #
! $%#&%!
 
(
#
" .


%
:
%$
'!" %$
#

'

"# %

#%!
(%
%
&## %
%(!#
)% %
!
%
#%
!

%
%#
# %

!& %#*
#!&"$.

# 
%#!
$*$%$
& #
! $%#&%!
%
07<
!& %#$
#
 '$% 
'*
 %!
%
! %$%#&%!
!

%(!#$
'!" %$
 
#
 
#*
! 

!
%
)$% 
 #$%#&%&#
%!
%
&## %
%(!#$.

!#
%
06:
!& %#$
%
'&
$
$%*
!'#
65A
(
$
$!
#%
%!
%
%
%%
%
%(!#$


%$
!& %#$
#
#*
(
)% .

$#
#$&%
$
'$
## 
%
#
)% $! $

-

(%

%#
#*
'#*
#
%(!#$
%
$
!
%%
%#
#
#*
 *
15.=A2
$
!#
&#%#
)% $! $.

&
%(!#
'!" %$
#
" 

07<
!& %#$
(%
!'#
<5A
 #$
!#
%#!
 
!'#
=5A

 #$
!#
%
#
 
%#
$*$%$

!"#$!
(%
%
)$% 
%(!#
)% %.

+
%$
!& %#$

'
$%

&
'!" %
"!% %
 
#
"  
%!
!(
!#
%.

$!
%
%#!
$*$%$
" 


#
!&%( 
%
" 
%
#
 
%#
)% $! $
*
%

%!#
6.;,
%$
!& %#$
$!
#! $
%
#
"!% %
!
%#!
$*$%$
!#
$#' 


&#
!

"&
%# $"!#%
"$$ #$.

$
%!&$
" $
$"*
!#

 
07<
!& %#$

! *

'

$& %
#$!&#$
#

'
$
(
$


$%#! 
"!%
$&""!#%
$
'
%!(#$
!$%
&#
!%*
"!*
 
"  .

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 13

 



 



 
  


&$!
$
%
&
%%&
 "  &
 
 %"$
' &
&&
%
!'"
&!
&$
!$&! %/
$%



!&!$%
!$
!&
 

 +
%%
&
%%&
!"$& 
' &
! %%&%
!
&)!
$%/


&!&
&

'$!"
!' &%
&!
!'&
76-:55
$%/

06:
!' &$%
!' &
!$
==A-
&



!$
65A

 
07<
!$
7
A
!
&
&!&
&
1%
$&
652/


$&!
&!
7559
&$
%

 $%
!
67A

&
!' &
!
$%

07<
)
!'

*" 
+
&

 &$+
!
! 
 
'$
 &!
&


 
+
&
(!" &
!
%!
)
%+%&%

&
06:-



$ -
&+
 
&
 &
 !/




$
$
%!
%!
 %

&
%"&
!
&
"'$%
"$
%
!$
&
&$!
&

'$!"/
$%


7559
%&
7:A
!
&
&

&
06:
)%
"'$%
!$
6><5
&
 
&!
66A

755>/
&
&
%
&

&
%$
!
)+
"'$%
(%
1+!' $
&
65
+$%2
 $%
$!
8A
&!
75A

&
06:-
$!

65A
&!
86A

&


 
$!
6<A
&!
:=A/


 $%
!
)
$%
+! 
07<
%
&
$%'&
!
&
&
&&
! 
 
'$
$
!)
!' &


 !&$
!' &$+
$!'"
 
&
%+%&%

'$+
 
)&,$ 
)$
'&
#'&
$ &+/

!$
$
!" %-


! !
!$
$%
&
%
$
&!
$ )
&
!%&
(
&
&
! 
'
&!
&

 (%& &
' %/
$!$
&$
$
%&
%!
!
$%

!"$&!
)&
&
06:-
'&
)
$

!%&

%%
&
%&
!$ %/

&


! '
&&
8:A
17559.
9=A2
!
&
06:
&-
76A
17559.
88A2
!
&



&
 
;A
17559.

7=A2

!
&
07<
&
$
!($
75B
+$%
 

&!

$"

&
*&

1%
$&
66
!)2/

14 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 


 

 



"##
!" #%
!
$!"
!#
%$"

"
!"#
#
"!
#
$#$!
"
!

! #"

#
#

#
""

#,

$!!#
"#$#
"
"&

!#
34
&,


#!#

(

#!
!"
"
$"$(
62
(!",
&%!)
#"
#
!"#
"
#!
!"

"#(

$!
 !#

!
%#
#&
"
!,
#
"

""$
##

#!
!

%
&$


!"

"#
32
(!"
!

!!
#
$#
#
' #
! #"
"
!"#(
"
"",

!
#
#
"$!%(
#
#
' #
! #"

#

4232-423;
&
!
3)929
%"*
&%!

!(
(
"
-37
$#!"
.4226+
6)522/,

' #
%
! #"
&
"##(
!"
%!
#

"+
4243-4252+
6)687
.4226+
5)5:7/)
4253-4262+
6)832
.4226+
8)63;/

4263-4272+
6):;7
."
!#
35/,




Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 15

 




 

 
 




! %,
'#
'
$'%
#"
'
'
%
"
'%!
!%'-
#%&'
#"
'
('(%
"&
#
) &
#%

"'*#%
) #$!"'&
"

('
%#!

&
%'#
#
) 
$%
"'*#%0!.
&
!"'#"

'&
!'#
&
(&'
"
$$%#+!'
'%"
"'#"
"
*
"#'
%)
'
%
&'('#"-
*
&

( '
'#
$%'
(
'#
'
" ("
#
!",
#"#!
"
$# '
'#%&.
"
'
# #*"
' 

'
(&
 ( '#"
%'#&
#%

#("'%,
%#($
%
)"
"

&(!!%,
#"
'
"
+$''#"&
#

!'%#
%
"&
,#(
"

#("
"
%'
25.




Total EU-15 new member states beyond EU-27

metro cars 21,464 18,762 2,190 512
operated [network-km] 2,675 2,335 200 140
current cars/
network-km 8.04 10.95 3.66
under construction [km] 391 269 52 70
cars for constructions 2,987 2,161 569 256
planned [km] 396 202 73 121
cars for planning’s 2,865 1,623 799 443
Total 5,852 3,785 1,369 699

"
'#'
7-434
) &
*

"
#%
"'*#%
) #$!"'&
"
'
#!"
,%&-
*%#
'
026

#("'%&
*
)
'
#"/&
&%
*'
76;-
'

34;
"
'
#("'%&
,#"
038
23;.
%'
26

&#*&
'
(%%"'
!'%#
%
#%%&-
*
#( 

#("
*'"
'
'%'(%
"

&#(%&.

16 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe







Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 17

 $
 


"$
"
$"
#
"$"#
)

"%#
& $
$$
"
$
"#$"%$%"


"
#$-

"
"#$"%$%"

$$
>?>

"
"
'


%$
0:@8

#$"%$
2977;,
8:<
3

:@=



2977;,
<7:
31,
$#
#

&"
"#
$
977;

9:-;C
0#$"%$,
8@7C

,

%#
>?->C1-

##%

&"
#$"%$
#$

8:7

 .
0'$%$
"
#$1+
$
$")
&%$


$
"$
!%#
"%
877


&"
$
($
97
)"#,
"%
<7


"
#


#$"%$
0977;,
8>

1
#
'
#
<7


"

#
0977;,
=<

 1-


"
""
$

#
$'
977;

977@
#
""+
%$
$


$


"
#"&$&

%
$
$

"##
"$"
$

#$%"$
$-
%"$""

$
%"

)"#
$'
$
$'
#$%#
)
'
$"
#
"
($##
&

#$"%$-


$
%$
$
"#"

"#$"%$%"
$&$#
"#
$'
8C

9C

$
#$"%$

#$#
$
&#$$#

4
'%

$'
8

9

 -


$"#

"
#$
$
"#$
"
$
"
9787/97:7
%
$
" $#

& $#



#$$
"%
8<+777
&#
0977;,
8;+7771-

$%"&"

99-<


0977;,
98

 1
#

%$
'
$
$
%$
$
&"
#$

8-<


"
"-
##%
$$
4

( $%"#
"$
$
"
#$
%$
"
8-<C

&#$$

:;7


#
$

##%-









 

" %

!


"
$
# 

$#
#$%)+
$
"
#
$

%"#$

$
 
$+
--
#

%
$"# "$

#)#$
"$)
%
$
#$
)

"+
 "$

%"+
#%%"

"
&"$
'$

#/ " 
&#

 "$
#"$
"
$
#"$
"
"
"

#$"
$"-

#
"
$
%#

##
"#
#
$
$%%
"

##
$"
0$
#"$1
$


$"
0%)
#"$1-

##
"
$
#$%)
#


($#&
!%#$"
#$
$
$
(#$
$
"

$"')
#)#$#
#

'
#
$
$
$
$"%
%"$"
 
#-

" #
$
$
!%#$"
&


#$#
&")
"$

%"
 

$
!%#$-
#

'

$#
#$%)
$
$
$
#

"#$


"$
')
$
$
&


%$")
"

"%

%$"#-
"
"
$"
%$")

"% #,

:
• ""

8<
%$"#
0!#1

• %$"#

$
#$
($##

$

0+
*
 %+
%"+
%")+
+

;
&+
#$+

$&1
0



1

:

$%$
"


%(%"
#
$"
"

$
"
"
$"
#)#$#

;

'
"
#$$#
$
$

$
####
$
"
"
$"
#)#$#

18 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 • "
#" !
'
.5:

"
#" !
/
 %')
%"( )
!
 ($)

 )
 "

# '0
/%
),.&
),.0

"
%!

"
"
 "
"
# "
.5:
#" !
#!
"
"


" 
 "
"# !
 

!"
"
" #!

%#
$
%
"
"  ""

"
!#"!+


"$

"!
!"#'
!
 !"
"
$

#"

"
!"#"
!'

"
5337
$ !

"
,"



" 
'!"

# -
!"#'+
!!
 
"
!"#"

,**-

,**/
"!
!"#%
!

 $!
"
 "
 
!!
" 

 !" #"# 
 " !"!
#
"

 

! "
 
 

" (

,(
 
 '


)


#"

"
""
&!"
4;<
" 

"

!'!"!

"
" 
#" '
 #!
49<
!'!"!
 
"

!
"
# "
.5:)
%
!"!

 '
<3?


!'!"!*
459
!'!"!
/99?0

"
"
.48


76
!'!"!
/56?0
"
"

+

 !
%"
"
5337
!"#'
!%!
""
" 
 
49
 
!'!"!

!

%

"
" 
#" '
 #!*
"!
!

 !

!"

43?

"
""
#


"% !

$
' !+

 
"

$!
""
!
"
5337
!# $'
"%
!'!"!
% 
!

"

)
"%
% 


"
.5:

4;
% 


"%
% 
!

"
.48
#" !+

 

"
$ $%
"%
"
" 
#" '
 #!
!
 $

"
6+

 "
+

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 19

 




#
!%


/54
$ %
#
#



! 


/%/27


 
"

 
!! 
 



/2%454
'

!


 
/%.42

# 

 


/1%702


 
# 

 )05%
#


$
70:




73:


 


 

 
# 
 )05'




!


)
"
!

"
 





$ 

*+


 #

 )/3
//7
414
6%126
*35:+
3'1
/1'/


17
206
3%354
*16:+
//'.
/1'.

)05
/6
63
530
*3:+
2'5

6'6



/%/27
/2%454
4'3
/0'6


"

#



 #

"
!



$ &
# 



 

"
//

#

!
#



$ 



#
 
! $

!'
#"

"
 



! 
 





 )/3
# 
/1
%
#



$
0(1




)05
*7
+'

20 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 
! 



!
"'
 #




!

 

 



!



# 
  


 #


#'
 
 


!

 
 



 

 
 
 


#



'


 

/10

#
!$
!

 

 
!
"

5$1.1
$

 
!


32'7


 
!

 

 
/'43


'

 



#



!
 
!




&






 
!
  
!
  






"
*+




!

#

!
!
*+

)/3
76
2$7/6
*45:+
3.'0
/'26



04
0$/00
*07:+
6/'4
0'15

)05
6
041
*2:+
10'6
/'10



5$1.1
33
/'43

 
0
!

 



 
!


!


#

'





 
!

/'4


 


)/3'

 #

 







!

/'4


 


)/3'

!
 


 #


 


 
!

#

 #
 




"( 


!
 #

 
!

 

  
"


!



  ( 




 


 




 '








 
 #


!


 

 

#
!
 


 


 
#
 
 
 
 %

!'


 


 

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 21

 



 






 






 

22 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 
 

   
 





 



 

 
 
 


 






'$&(#"
&#!
"&
&#
(&
"

*
(&
(&#)
(
&'&*(#"
#
"'
4"(
-

&#
!&"
#&
 (
&'(#"'5/
#&
(&#)
(
&(#"
#
'$&(
&(
#
+-'
45
+
"

(&

$&( -
'$&(
,$(
(
&#''"'
#&
) -
'$&(
(&#)
&
'$&(
"&'(&)()&
4 *(
#&

)"&&#)"52

$""
#"
(
'$
%)'(#"
#" -
)$
(#
?<
"(+#&'
*
&$ 
(#
(
%)'(#"'
#)(
(
*
#

(&
$&#((#"2
&"
(
"(+#&
"(
('
"(+#&'
'#+
"
#*&
*&
#
?=C
#
'$&(


#$&(#"
+&#
(
# #+"
$&"('
#)"(
#&
(
&"(
#)"(&-
&#)$'1
39=
?<C/


>;C
"
3:?
@?C0
#+*&
#" -
(
#!$"'
4&$&'"("
:8
"(+#&'5
&#!
#)&
#)"(&'
#)(
#
(

&#)$
#

$&#*
(
&%)&
"#&!(#"1

&
#
'$&(#"
#) 

 ) (
#&
(
.

$) 
=?C/
#&
)"&-
?<C/
#&
# "
>>C
"
#!"
=8C2
-#"
(
3:?
(
"

$#"(
#)(
((

)&-
'
"
)$#!"
(
&
#)"(&-
'

*&-

'$&(#"
#
(
(&'
&#!
(
"#&!
&#
"

$'(&"
(&
"
#&'


#!!&
'$
4'
&(
?52

(
'
*"(
((
(&
'
'#!
+-
#&

"""
(
'((
#
'$&(#"
#&
'-'(!'
"

('
#)"(&'0
'$ -
#!"
'
+
'
(
.

$) 2


!
!


Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 23

 
&(
#*
$&#*'
"#&!(#"
#)(
(
*
#
$&#((#"
#
(
"(+#&
&#!
"&
&#
(&
"

(
$&"(
#
"(+#&
,("(
"(("
&#!
"-
"
#
'$&(#"
'
'((
#*2

(
'
$&#*"
((
(

"-
#
(
#$&(#"
#

"(+#&
"
(&!'
#
#!!&
'$
"
&) &(-
'
) -
#&& (
(#
(

*
#
$&#((#"
#
(
"(+#&2

&(
'#+'
((
"
'*&
#)"(&'
(
*
#
$&#((#"
'
!#'(

@
#("
<;;G 2
#'(
#
('
#)"(&'

"#"
(&
(&!
'-'(!'
"
(
<D@;'
"
'#"
!&'

*
)"&'(##
((


*
#
'$&(#"
'

$&&%)'(
#&

')'')
#$&(#"
"
((
"
#&&
(#

*
('/

"#*
$$&#
#
"6)'
$# -
"
'$
 #(#"
(+"
(&"'$#&(
!#'
'
+
'

)&"
(*('
'
!"(#&-2

!$ !"((#"
#
"+
'-'(!'
'
'$ -
!""
"
"'

'(&#"

"
$&''("(
$# (
+
7'$ -
#&
"
)&"
(
#"'(&)(#"
$'8
)
(#
#"
,'("
(-
(&

"*&#"!"('
*#)&"
$&*(
&
)'2

 


 
6<@

 

 


'
#"
(
"(#&
3")!&
#
'-'(!'
$&
<
! #"
"("('4
(
'()(#"
"
 
'
*&-
'! &
(#

((
#
(
6<@1
(
&"'
(+"
;2<?
(#
;2BB
#&
(
 
"
(+"
;2;D
"
;2AC
#&
(
6<@2

"
(&!'
#
"(+#&
,("(
$&
<
! #"
"("('
(
)'(#!&'
"'
(
 
$&#(
&#!


(#&1
(

&"'
&#!
<>2@
(#
A;2;0
+&'
#&
(
6<@
(
(#&
'
(+"
=2==
"
>C2B2

#"&""
(
")!&
#
'-'(!'
$&
<
! #"
"("('
(
.
$) 
7;2AC8
"
'(#"
7;2BB8
"


#!$&
+(
&!"-
7;2AC82
&
#(&
 
#)"(&'
7#!"/
(*
"
)"&-8
*

&
(#&

("
;2?
"
('
(#&-
"
"

#!$&
+(
 )!2


 
#)"(&-/
+
'
(
#+'(
")!&
#
'-'(!'
$&
<
! #"
"("('/
'
) &
+(
;2<?0
)(

(
'
#+*&
"
(&!'
#
"(+#&
,("(
$&
<
! #"
"("('
+(
?=2C
"
(
"
&"'2

"
&

&
#"
(
#+'(
* '
#
#(
#&
!"(#"
"(#&'
"
(
6=B2

#"&""
(
(#&
3"(+#&
,("(
$&
<
! #"
"("('4
(&
'

 &
&"
(+"
(

#)"(&'
+
 #'
#+"
(&
"(+#&'
"
(
<D@;5A;'
722
$"/
&"/

( -/
(28
"
(
#"'
+

$(
(&
'-'(!'
&)"""
722
)'(&/
&!"-/
# "
(280
#+*&
"
(
((&
'
'*&
 
7 

) &/
(*
#&
.
$) 8
'$ -
 & -

&
*
#
"&'(&)()&
#*&
("
"-
#
(
6
<@
#)"(&'2

@

(
#&
"(+#&'
+(
<;;G

#
"#(
(
"(#
#)"(
&#''6&#'
"
'(&(6&#''"

24 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 


(+#&
#$) (#"
-'(!'
1
8
(+#&
,("(

-'(!'
,("(
3!4
3977@
"
#04
#0
"
3!4
1
8
#0
"

&!"-
<=
:8?;
?90:
70=?
:?0>

 )!
<
:8;
870;
70;?
:709

$"
89
8@;
;70=
70:7
;0?

&"
8@
;@7
=;08
70:7
>0=

( -
87
:>9
<?08
708>
=0;

"(

"#!
=
8<<
=808
7087
90<

(& "'
;
:;<
16.8 709;
970<;

+"
:
899
9.1 7/::
8:0;8

& "
8
9;
4.3 709:
<0<?

)'(&
=
:8;
8.2 70>:
:?09@

#&()
9
?<
10.7 708@
>0@;

&
8
9;
10.8 707@
9099

" "
8
@8
5.3 708@
8>08>

.
$) 
>
;99
870:
70=?
<707

#!"
8:
==8
9909
70<@
9@0?

(*
8
89:
909
70;<
=707

)"&-
;
::>
@0@
70;7
:;07

 #*
9
>;
<0<
70:=
8:0<

# "
8;
@7<
:?0<
70:=
9:0<

) &
8
:7?
>09
708;
;90?

'(#"
8
:@
1.3 70>>
:7077



 



 
  

"
#!$&'#"
"
(#"
(#
(
977;
'()-
('
#)!"(
$&#*'
(
&&
 '#
+(
'#!
"#&!(#"

#)(
(
&
#
$&*('(#"
#
(
'(#&
'
#"
>@
&'$#"''
(#
('
%)'(#"0

("
('
'!$ 
=?
&$&'"(
$) 
#!$"'/
;
$&*(
#!$"'
"
>
#$&(
+("

'&

#+"&'$0
"
(
?:C
#
(
#$&(#&'
"'
28<
"
-#"
(
#&&'
#
(
)&&"(
29>
"
#*&

@7C
#&
(

&
$) 
#!$"'0
'
"#&!(#"
'
$&# -
"#(
&$&'"((*
#&
(
&
'()(#"
#

(
$&*(
#+"&'$
#
#!$"'
)
(#
(
#+
&'$#"'
&(
"
#)"(&'

&"
+&
(
$&*(

'(#&
'
& -
&$&'"(0

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 25

 



 






 

26 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe










%$

0.
"!#
" %
/-3

$
"#$"%$%"

0.3

$
" 
#$ 
#
'
(
$
!"$ "#*
" 

$
#!
$
!!"#
$$
$
#$%$ 
#
&"(
&"#)
**

%"(

 #$

%
$' "#
$

 !#
"
$
'"#

 $
"#$"%$%"

" 
#$ 
'

"(
"

$
#$%$ 
#

%
 "
"$*
!#
" 
 
# '

"
!%
'"#!

$
$' "#+
##$#*





 






 

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 27

 




 
9;
#!$
:6>

%
!&
$#'
 %#%$
#
#%*
(#
(
*
67>
#
(#
*



 #
%#$

%
#
%( #$
26:>3
'

!&
$#'
 %#%-


!%*
# 
%
#'
$(#$


$*
%%
%
!!% 


 #
%#$
$
 $*

%
%
.%#% /



 &%#*

%#$

%#
!&
$#'$

#
2--

#
$&
%#$
'

  *
&$
$

$3-
 ('#
%
$%&% 
$
 &%
%

 $#*

%
 
*#$,
$!*
 #
%
6:>
.
 %#%/

$$-
$
$
&
%
%
 #%

%
&% 
23
68:50755:

!&
$#'
#"&#%$+
(
$
%

$%&#


 %#%


 !$% 
0 #
)&$'
#%$
#
' '-

 #
%#$
#
%
&$
 #
%

.#1(/
%
#
$*$%$+
--

 +
!+
%*
#
&#*-






 






 

28 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe







$%
! *
 #
%
!#% 

%#

%
#
$#'$
# 
%
A?
#!*
%( #$
 &%$
%

=:,>?=
!#$ $
' %
%#
*
( #

%
#&

%
%#
$/
&%

%$
<<D
#
# 

%

,
=;D
# 
%
29=

;D
# 
%
2:?/
 ##%
%$
&#$
(%
%
%( #
)%%


%$
$*$%$
%
'#
 &%

$%
!#
'#
%( #
 %#
$
?

%
29=,
9;

%




9<
 #
2:?/


%
 &%
%
!$$#
&#$
 #
%
%( #$
(
#!
%
%$
"&$% 

$%
#

$

'#
0#$! $1
 #
%
  (
 &%

!$$#$

%
 #
 &%#*
# &!$.
A<,9;;

!$$#$

29=,
9<:,:<<
!$$#$




9:>,=A:
!$$#$

2:?/

!



$
!%#
$
!# '
 #% ,
(
($
 %
 %

%
:88<
$&#'*/







$
"&$% 
$

$(#
*
9=@
4@<D5
&%

9@A

$*$%$
498@
&%

9:>
 #
29=,
;<
&%

<;

 #



9>
&%

:8
 #
* 
2:?5/
$
9=@
%( #$
##*
@/?<;
 
!$$#$
!#
*#
4==/;

 
!$$#$
!#
*#
!#
%( #

'#5/

 


 







 


"#

%
$
%#$%
%
 %
%%
%
'#
&#

!$$#$
##
!#

%( #
$
;/9<
%$
#
 #


%( #$
%
 #
29=
$*$%$
4'#
A?/=
 
!$$#$
!#

*#
!#
%( #
 #


 &%#$

<8
 
!$$#$
!#
*#
!#
%( #
 #
29=5/

 &%#$

* 
2:?


%(,
##*
$

'#
>>
 
!$$#$
!#
*#
!#
%( #,
//
9/99
%$

 #
%
%
'#
 #
29=
%( #$/

$
&#

98/<
 
!$$#$
!#
*#
 #
%#

%
#
$*$%$


 !#
%
%
*#*

!$$#$

%
$&&#

# 
#(*$,
(
($
$%%
%
>/@
 
!$$#$
!#
*#


>
:88>5/
$
$
%%
%#

%
#
%( #$

&# !
( &
##*
 $#*
 #
!$$#$
%

?
$&&#

# 
#
$*$%$/

%

 #
%
'(

%
*#*
&#

!$$#$
#*
#$
#$%,
(%
 &%
:/:@
 

!$$#$
 #
<>
#!*
%( #$
4 
'#
<A/>
 
!#
%( #5,
(
"&%$
 $%
:>D

%

% %
 &%

!$$#$
# 
%
9=@
#!*
$*$%$,

=;D

%
% %
 #
%
999
#!*
$*$%$

# 
29=/

$ 
 &%#*
$

(%
9/?
 
!$$#$
 #
9;
$*$%$
4 
'#
==/;
 

!#
%( #5
#!#$%
9AD

%
% %
&#

!$$#$
 #

9=@
#!*
$*%$

=8D

%

% %
&#

!$$#$
 #
;<
#!*


$*$%$/

%#

#
$
%
+
!&
4>@9
 

 #
?
%( #$-
//

'#
A?/;
 
!#
%( #5,
  (
*
#
(%
=?>
 
 #
9>
$*$%$

4 
'#
;>
 
!#
%( #5/
 
(%
=99
 
$
#
%,
&%
*
?
&%

99
%( #$

#!
4 
'#
?;
 
!#
%( #5
# 
%$
 &%#*/

>

&&#

 
$!

&# !
3

$%&*
:88>

?


&#$

$

 !#
(%
%
!!# )%
&#

@88
 
#
!$$#$
!#
*#


&# !

9,888
 
#
!$$#$
&$
 
$%
% 

%#% 
$#'$

&# !/

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 29

 


 




















#')








 



 


#)*









#'
%)$
&$()
&*$"
##$








*(
%&##
&#*"
%'$



$(
#"(
#"''
#%$"
#$&








 


 

30 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 








 

 
 &!$
&!
#' &*
&
#'&*
!

&$
!$
&
$
%$(
%
&
($
!$
%"+
)
 &%
&
($

%"
)&
)
"%% $%
$
$$,
%
&!$
"%
$) 
& &&(
! '%! %
!
&
#'&*
!
&
%"$&!
!
&


 
&
$&!
/
&$%
!
&
"$!$&*
!
$!%%$!%0
!
&
&$
!$
&
$
%*%&,
!)($+
&
!$

%"
%
%!
 ' 
*
&
%& %
&)
&
%&!"%+
&
!$ -& 
&
&
%&!"%
 
!&$
&!$%,






 


($
!$
%"
/-0

.46
55,87



46,84

*! 
.58
54,43


4:,97

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 31

 




  




 









#&(






$
'(+%




 "
!



























 






























#"

32 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe




 



  

(+$&
*!$%"#('
'$)!

)#&'($$
'0
45
!#
,(#'$#'
$&
#+
!#'
)#&
$#'(&)($#

4#!)#

")#%!('
#(&$)#

(&"
$&
!(
&!
'-'("
$&
(
&'(
("
$&
&#(&$)#
(
(&

("
$

'#5/
45
!#
,(#'$#'
$&
#+
!#'.
+
&
%!##1


 

(
(
("
$
(
!$&($#
$
('
'()-
<8
('
#
")#%!('
#
(
29=
*

($(!
!#(
$
<@@

"
 
/
('
)&
#!)'
9>
#+
'-'("'
)#&
$#'(&)($#
4($(!
!#(
$
::>
"51


)&(&
==
('
#
")#%!('
*


($(!
!#(
$
@9@
"
$
#(+$&
,(#'$#'
+&$
9=


'-'("'
&

+(

($(!
,(#(
$
:>@
"1

 
 
  
4 
   


 5

&$"
(
)&'
+
*
#
$!!(
(
'"'
((

#
'
$)&&
(+#
:88<
#
:88A0

2 $&
29=.

!&
%&$&(-
'
*#
($
,(#'$#'
$
,'(#
#(+$& '
4:88A0
9AA
"
#'(
:88<0
9=<

"5
#'(

&"(
&'
#
(
$#'(&)($#
$
#+
'-'("'
4:88A0
::>
"
#'(
:88<0
<==

"5

2 $&
.
,(#'$#'
&
)#&+-
49?
"5.
)(
'"!&
($
:88<
#$
#+
#(+$& '
&
#

$#'(&)(

2 $&
2:?
4<>
"5.
(&
'
#
#&'
#
(
*!$%"#(
$
(
,'(#
#(+$& '.
)(
$#(&&-
($

:88<
#$
#(&!-
#+
'-'("'
&
)&&#(!-
)!(

o !##
*!$%"#('
4!#
,(#'$#'
$&
#+
!#'5


)&'
((
*
#
$!!(
'$+
((
(&
'

'"!&
(&#
$&
%!##
#(+$&
*!$%"#('0

2 $&
29=.
(&
&
&
!''
#+
'-'("'
%!##
4:88A0
:>@
"
#'(
:88<0
@=A
"5
#

(
"$&

@
,(#'$#'
$
,'(#
'-'("'
4:88A0
=<:
"
#'(
:88<0
<?@
"5

2 $&
.
(
'"'
((
(
"$)#(
$
%!##
,(#'$#'
'
#&'#
4:88A0
<@
"
#'(
:88<0
=

"5

2 $&
2:?.
(&
'

!$!
#&'
#
(
!#(
$
,(#'$#'
4:88A0
::@
"
#'(
:88<0
9;9
"5.

)(
#
:88A
#$
#+
'-'("
'
%!##
+!
#
:88<
$)&
+&
$&'#

#
(
:88<2:88A
%&$
'*&!
#+
'-'("'
*
#
$#'(&)(
4'%!!-
#'
2:?5.
$&
+

,(#'$#
&
)&&#(!-
%!##
#
$&&
($
'&*
(
#&'
&&'%1






































































@


$*
"#($#
&#'
$&
#+
'-'("'
3
$(
#
$#'(&)($#
#
%!##
3
+(#
29=
"(


!# 
($
(
(
((
#
(
%&$
:88<2:88A
(
(#
#+
'-'("'
*
#
)!(
#
(&
'
'"%!-
#$

#
$&
)&(&
#+
'-'("'.
)(
(
$)'
!'
#$+
"$&
$#
,(#'$#'1

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 33

 



 

$%%
&
")
$%#"!%
$&
"!$!!
&
'$$!&
!
#!!
*#!%%
2:9
!
;7
!&)"$%3
&
%&'+

#$"(%
%" 
!"$ &"!
"'&
!(%& !&
"%&%
%
)/
$"

99
$#+!
!&)"$%
9/<>
"!

$

%& &
"$

!$%&$'&'$
"!%&$'&"!%
"
!)
!%,
!
*&!%"!%
!
"$!%&"!%
2$"!
%&"

*'3.
>;/<B
$
$&
&"
&
17;,
=/:B
&"
&

!
=B
&"
18=/
%
%
&"
!
($
#$
#$

" &$
"
!$%&$'&'$
!
"!%&$'&"!
"
7;/>
"!

"$
"&
&
17;
!
&

!
"
;/<

"!

"$
&
"'!&$%
+"!
18=/


(
#!!
&
%&
"
&
&$
"'!&$+
$"'#%
"$

&
!*&
-
"!+
6/?
"!
/
%
%&!%
!
%&$
"!&$%&
&"
&
!
"
&%
%+%& %
&"
#
&
!

"#$&"!
!
%'%&!


"
%$
"
#'
&$!%#"$&
)&!
&%
"'!&$+
$"'#/




"!
0"!%&$'&"!


17;
7;/>6


7;/>6

+"!
18=
;/;<











 


 
 


'$"#!
&
$
!
&$
&
 "'!&%
"'&
86,666
(%
&
&
& 
&
%'$(+
)%
"!'&/

%
%")!
!
$&
7>
"),
&
"$ $
$"'#
"
&
17;
"'!&$%
"'!&
"$

&
%%
&!

,
&


"$
:9B
!
"&$
'$"#!
"'!&$%
"'&%
&
18=
"$
>B
"
&
"($
&
)&
76,666
(%/

!
"!&$%&
&"
866:
&$
%

%&
!$%
!
&
#$!&
"$
&

!

$%
"$
"'!&$%
+"!

&
18=/
%
%
&
$%'&
"
" !
!
'$
"!!
&
'$"#!
!"!,
)
(
!
!'
!

&%
%&'+
)&!
&

$"'#/

34 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe















 





*((+


,(((















 


# 






#),






















$!%



$


!%





















 






 
 


#),









 

















*((+

















 









 



















 









.("



*(((



#),




)0.(

*-3
$*((+%

.3
$*((0%




*(((
/3
$*((+%

*/3
$*((0%

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 35

 


 



 "

" %
#$$

!" #!$&
"$
& %#
 "
$
"
&#
!%"#
$
#
%#%
$
 #"
$

%$%"
#
 "
"!$#

$
$

$
##

$
&
!%"#

$
!#$
#-

%""$

#$%$ 
#
# '

"$
31
 '-


"

$
/26*
 "'(*
'$)"

/37
 %$"#

&.#

(

41
("#
#
##%


51
("#

$
+
 '&"

!"$
$"
$

&#
'
!"$

"
$'
#
 "*

--
$"

 "#$ -

$
$#
$
 %$
$
#

##%
$$

&
 
&
' %


 "#

#$
21
("#
 "-
$ (

"!$
"$

3,4
#
##%
 "
&#
!%"#

 "
2981*
'
 #"#
$$
$'
 "
"$%$
$
"
&#
'
"!
$"

##
$"#

$
$
 %$
$

!$(

'
&#-




36 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 



!"$%!
&!
&
7559
%'$(+
&
!($
'$
!
*"&
(
$" &%
!$
&

75652

7575,
757627585
 
758627595
$
!)$/
%
%
&!
&
%%'"&! %
&&
&$

! $

+
"$!
%

&
 &!
!' &
!$
&
'$$ &
(%
!$
&&
'  
%
 
!$
&
#'%&!
!
(%-
!)($

&%
%& %

$
! &$&!
&!
&
$%'&%
!& 
! $  
&
(!" &
"$!$&%
3 
"&$4.

;5?
!
&
&$
 
&
$
!"$&!$%

27;
(
%&&
&
"'$%
!
)
(%
)&
0($+
1

 
01/

 






!$%&%
!
&
'&'$

!
(%
!$
&)!$
*& %! %


'&
!

%
$&!
!
(
"$

&)!$
*& &

!&$%/
%
!$%&
)

""$!*&
'
&!
&
($&!
!
%$(
(%
3 &$(

!%
!$
&
 ,
&)!$4
 
'%
&
(
&%
 
&%
"&+
$
!&
%' &
 &!$%,
//

%%
&$
$
 %&
!$
'&2$&'&
&
$
(/

'
&!
&
($
 &!$%
&
!!) 
&!$%
(

'&.
!$
&
26:

$&!
!
6/;;
%

"",
!$
&


&
%
8/59
 
!$
&
!' &$%
+! 
&
!$$%
!
27;

$&!
!
7/<:
%

&

 &!
!' &/
%
&!$%
$
""$!*&,
'&
&+
$
%' &
&!
(

&$ 
!
(%

!$

&)!$
*& %! %-
!&
'$$ &+
' $
! %&$'&!
 
" 
! %/


'$$ &
!$$%
!
&
$
(%
)
!'

!' 

&
&$&'$
 

%!'$%
$
(


$&
78/

Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 37

 

!%





"'




 
%&%)
"(")
%'#
) &"


))))
(%(%
!&()
" "'#

 

 


!







 
$!&
!'
$&
$')

  

 



!




 
(!
$(
""(
! (&

  

 


 
!





38 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 






  





!







!
,)

$
!







"





*
'!
 % 


(

+
'!
%!

("

 


!


#

( 



!



( 




( 


&&
!


( 





(  






( 




!&

&

( 







( 

%
!


!




Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe 39

 
"#
!!#()
++

%$
&#
#!
,9-
!
,:-
!
#
$#!(
!$ "
"
&#
#

#

"$ !#
#
#!.#
!
"("#"
01*
<;A
!
#
 !#!"

#
/6:

<=A

#

+
#
"#
#

"
%

!!#(
/6:
$#!"
$"

#%"
!#
#
!"#!$#$!
01

%"
01*
&

(
#
"#!$#

&
!$#"
01+
!


#
!!#"
(
(

%"
$ !
01
!
$!"
01*

&%!

#!
# "
!
!!
"
 !##
&#
!
#
:5A
' #
#
#!#

#!(/!

#!/"#"
01)
&
!
#
$#!(
!$ "
"
#
&"#
!!#(+

#!/"#"


&
!$#"

#!#


#!(/!

"$ !#
(

"#!$#

!"#
&
%"

!
!#"

$!!#
#


#!.

#!#


#"

!#"
!

$!"




%(


!#//

!##

$"
"

"("#
"





#

$#$!

"$!

&(



%!(

8;A
85A
>A
88A
<A
5A
69A
85A


95A
79A
77A
8:A
6;A
7A
75A
9;A

$
68A
68A
6;A
75A
85A
5A
9=A
6<A

&
66A
75A
8;A
7A
75A
76A
69A
<A

%!(
&
5A
68A
6=A
66A
7<A
<;A
:A
5A

#!/"#"


&
!$#"

#!#


#!(/!

"$ !#
(

"#!$#

!"#
&
%"

!
!#"

$!!#
#


#!.

#!#


#"

!#"
!

$!"




%(


!#//

!##

$"
"

"("#
"





#

$#$!

"$!

&(



%!(

8:A
88A
7>A
8>A
6=A
65A
88A
85A


7:A
7>A
79A
8:A
:5A
65A
6>A
9=A

$
85A
69A
65A
77A
78A
5A
6>A
6<A

&
:A
69A
79A
5A
:A
79A
69A
5A

%!(
&
:A
65A
69A
9A
:A
:<A
69A
9A




 !"
#
#
7559
"#$(
#
!#
!
#
!
"
"#
"#!

"


% #
##+

!
!
6;
!
"("#"

$! *
&%!
#
$!!#
#!
"
#&!"
#
'#"

'"#

"("#"
!#!
#
#
!#

&
"+

##
9==


$
#!
!

$#

6)5=;

!

)
&
"

!"

+
75A

 !"
#
7559+



%!
"#!$#
"#

6:

 .
0&#$#
!
"#1
"
""$)
#
#!(

%$#

#
!#
"

#
!


79

%!
#
'#
75
(!"
0
<+:

!
"


"#!$#


6;+:

!

% #"1+

#
!"#!$#$!
")
&

"##

!"!
#
%
!
#%#"
"
!#!
!#

$

!
#&
6

7
A)
++

#&
795

9=5

 +

"
!
"
!
"#
"
!)
#
!"#
#
!
#
! #

#
#&!
% #"
"

#
!


>):55
%"
!
#
!
7565/7585+

&
#
#&
%!
"#
( #""

6+7

6+:

 .%)

&


#$!%!
!
#&

66

6:
*
!"!

% #
0 21
' #$!"
#
#

!
"#


"##
#
"#
6+:A

#"
%$
##
"

6<5/765
+

40 Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe

 Published by ERRAC Roadmaps, The FP7 project of ERRAC -
The European Rail Research Advisory Council”

For more information, please visit www.errac.org