TITLE - Data Structures Using C, 2/e

AUTHOR - Reema Thareja

CHAPTER 3 - ARRAYS

***********************************************************************************
*********

1. Write a program to read and display n numbers using an array.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, arr[20];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}
printf("\n The array elements are ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\t %d", arr[i]);
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
*********

2. Write a program to find the mean of n numbers using arrays.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, arr[20], sum =0;
float mean = 0.0;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum += arr[i];
mean = (float)sum/n;
printf("\n The sum of the array elements = %d", sum);
printf("\n The mean of the array elements = %.2f", mean);
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************
*********

3. Write a program to print the position of the smallest number of n numbers using
arrays.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, arr[20], small, pos;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\n Enter the elements : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
small = arr[0]
pos =0;
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(arr[i]<small)
{
small = arr[i];
pos = i;
}
}
printf("\n The smallest element is : %d", small);
printf("\n The position of the smallest element in the array is : %d", pos);
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
*********

4. Write a program to find the second largest of n numbers using an array.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, arr[20], large, second_large;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\n Enter the elements");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
large = arr[0];
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(arr[i]>large)
large = arr[i];
}
second_large = arr[1];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(arr[i] != large)
{
if(arr[i]>second_large)
second_large = arr[i];
}
}
printf("\n The numbers you entered are : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\t %d", arr[i]);
printf("\n The largest of these numbers is : %d",large);
printf("\n The second largest of these numbers is : %d",second_large);
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
******

5. Write a program to enter n number of digits. Form a number using these digits.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int number=0, digit[10], numofdigits,i;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of digits : ");
scanf("%d", &numofdigits);
for(i=0;i<numofdigits;i++)
{
printf("\n Enter the digit at position %d", i+1);
scanf("%d", &digit[i]);
}
i=0;
while(i<numofdigits)
{
number = number + digit[i] * pow(10,i);
i++;
}
printf("\n The number is : %d", number);
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
*******

6. Write a program to find whether the array of integers contains a duplicate

number.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int array[10], i, n, j, flag =0;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the size of the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n array[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &array[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(array[i] == array[j] && i!=j)
{
flag =1;
printf("\n Duplicate numbers found at locations %d and %d", i, j);
}
}
}
if(flag==0)
printf("\n No Duplicates Found");
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
********

7. Write a program to insert a number at a given location in an array.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, num, pos, arr[10];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("\n Enter the number to be inserted : ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("\n Enter the position at which the number has to be added : ");
scanf("%d", &pos);
for(i=n�1;i>=pos;i��)
arr[i+1] = arr[i];
arr[pos] = num;
n = n+1;
printf("\n The array after insertion of %d is : ", num);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, arr[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
************

8. Write a program to insert a number in an array that is already sorted in

ascending order.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, j, num, arr[10];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("\n Enter the number to be inserted : ");
scanf("%d", &num);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(arr[i] > num)
{
for(j = n�1; j>=i; j��)
arr[j+1] = arr[j];
arr[i] = num;
break;
}
}
n = n+1;
printf("\n The array after insertion of %d is : ", num);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, arr[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
*******

9. Write a program to delete a number from a given location in an array.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, pos, arr[10];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("\nEnter the position from which the number has to be deleted : ");
scanf("%d", &pos);
for(i=pos; i<n�1;i++)
arr[i] = arr[i+1];
n��;
printf("\n The array after deletion is : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, arr[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************
**************

10. Write a program to delete a number from an array that is already sorted in
ascending order.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, j, num, arr[10];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("\n Enter the number to be deleted : "
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(arr[i] == num)
{
for(j=i; j<n�1;j++)
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
}
}
n = n�1;
printf("\n The array after deletion is : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, arr[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
**********

11. Write a program to merge two unsorted arrays.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int arr1[10], arr2[10], arr3[20];
int i, n1, n2, m, index=0;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in array1 : ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("\n\n Enter the elements of the first array");
for(i=0;i<n1;i++)
{
printf("\n arr1[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in array2 : ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
printf("\n\n Enter the elements of the second array");
for(i=0;i<n2;i++)
{
printf("\n arr2[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr2[i]);
}
m = n1+n2;
for(i=0;i<n1;i++)
{
arr3[index] = arr1[i];
index++;
}
for(i=0;i<n2;i++)
{
arr3[index] = arr2[i];
index++;
}
printf("\n\n The merged array is");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, arr3[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
*********

12. Write a program to merge two sorted arrays.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int arr1[10], arr2[10], arr3[20];
int i, n1, n2, m, index=0;
int index_first = 0, index_second = 0;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in array1 : ");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("\n\n Enter the elements of the first array");
for(i=0;i<n1;i++)
{
printf("\n arr1[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n Enter the number of elements in array2 : ");
scanf("%d", &n2);
printf("\n\n Enter the elements of the second array");
for(i=0;i<n2;i++)
{
printf("\n arr2[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr2[i]);
}
m = n1+n2;
while(index_first < n1 && index_second < n2)
{
if(arr1[index_first]<arr2[index_second])
{
arr3[index] = arr1[index_first];
index_first++;
}
else
{
arr3[index] = arr2[index_second];
index_second++;
}
index++;
}
// if elements of the first array are over and the second array has some elements
if(index_first == n1)
{
while(index_second<n2)
{
arr3[index] = arr2[index_second];
index_second++;
index++;
}
}
// if elements of the second array are over and the first array has some elements
else if(index_second == n2)
{
while(index_first<n1)
{
arr3[index] = arr1[index_first];
index_first++;
index++;
}
}
printf("\n\n The merged array is");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, arr3[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
********

13. Write a program to read an array of n numbers and then find the smallest
number.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void read_array(int arr[], int n);
int find_small(int arr[], int n);
int main()
{
int num[10], n, smallest;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the size of the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
read_array(num, n);
smallest = find_small(num, n);
printf("\n The smallest number in the array is = %d", smallest);
getch();
return 0;
}
void read_array(int arr[10], int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
}
int find_small(int arr[10], int n)
{
int i = 0, small = arr[0];
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(arr[i] < small)
small = arr[i];
}
return small;
}

***********************************************************************************
********

14. Write a program to interchange the largest and the smallest number in an array.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void read_array(int my_array[], int);
void display_array(int my_array[], int);
void interchange(int arr[], int);
int find_biggest_pos(int my_array[10], int n);
int find_smallest_pos(int my_array[10], int n);
int arr[10], n;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the size of the array : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
read_array(arr, n);
interchange(arr, n);
printf("\n The new array is: ");
display_array(arr,n);
getch();
return 0;
}
void read_array(int my_array[10], int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n arr[%d] = ", i);
scanf("%d", &my_array[i]);
}
}
void display_array(int my_array[10], int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n arr[%d] = %d", i, my_array[i]);
}
void interchange(int my_array[10], int n)
{
int temp, big_pos, small_pos;
big_pos = find_biggest_pos(my_array, n);
small_pos = find_smallest_pos(my_array,n);
temp = my_array[big_pos];
my_array[big_pos] = my_array[small_pos];
my_array[small_pos] = temp;
}
int find_biggest_pos(int my_array[10], int n)
{
int i, large = my_array[0], pos=0;
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if (my_array[i] > large)
{
large = my_array[i];
pos=i;
}
}
return pos;
}
int find_smallest_pos (int my_array[10], int n)
{
int i, small = my_array[0], pos=0;
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if (my_array[i] < small)
{
small = my_array[i];
pos=i;
}
}
return pos;
}

***********************************************************************************
***********

15. Write a program to display an array of given numbers.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
int *ptr1, *ptr2;
ptr1 = arr;
ptr2 = &arr[8];
while(ptr1<=ptr2)
{
printf("%d", *ptr1);
ptr1++;
}
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
**********

16. Write a program to print the elements of a 2D array.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][2] = {12, 34, 56,32};
int i, j;
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
printf("%d\t", arr[i][j]);
}
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
***********

17. Write a program to generate Pascal�s triangle.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[7][7]={0};
int row=2, col, i, j;
arr[0][0] = arr[1][0] = arr[1][1] = 1;
while(row <= 7)
{
arr[row][0] = 1;
for(col = 1; col <= row; col++)
arr[row][col] = arr[row�1][col�1] + arr[row�1][col];
row++;
}
for(i=0; i<7; i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0; j<=i; j++)
printf("\t %d", arr[i][j]);
}
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
********

18. In a small company there are five salesmen. Each salesman is supposed to sell
three
products. Write a program using a 2D array to print (i) the total sales by each
salesman
and (ii) total sales of each item.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int sales[5][3], i, j, total_sales=0;
//INPUT DATA
printf("\n ENTER THE DATA");
printf("\n *****************");
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("\n Enter the sales of 3 items sold by salesman %d: ", i+1) ;
for(j=0; j<3; j++)
scanf("%d", &sales[i][j]);
}
// PRINT TOTAL SALES BY EACH SALESMAN
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
total_sales = 0;
for(j=0; j<3; j++)
total_sales += sales[i][j];
printf("\n Total Sales By Salesman %d = %d", i+1, total_sales);
}
// TOTAL SALES OF EACH ITEM
for(i=0; i<3; i++) // for each item
{
total_sales=0;
for(j=0; j<5; j++) // for each salesman
total_sales += sales[j][i];
printf("\n Total sales of item %d = %d", i+1, total_sales);
}
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
**********

19. Write a program to read a 2D array marks which stores the marks of five
students in three
subjects. Write a program to display the highest marks in each subject.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int marks[5][3], i, j, max_marks;
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("\n Enter the marks obtained by student %d",i+1);
for(j=0; j<3; j++)
{
printf("\n marks[%d][%d] = ", i, j);
scanf("%d", &marks[i][j]);
}
}
for(j=0; j<3; j++)
{
max_marks = �999;
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
if(marks[i][j]>max_marks)
max_marks = marks[i][j];
}
printf("\n The highest marks obtained in the subject %d = %d", j+1, max_marks);
}
getch();
return 0;
}
***********************************************************************************
**********

20. Write a program to read and display a 3 � 3 matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, mat[3][3];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the elements of the matrix ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n The elements of the matrix are ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("\t %d",mat[i][j]);
}
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
************

21. Write a program to transpose a 3 � 3 matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, mat[3][3], transposed_mat[3][3];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the elements of the matrix ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n The elements of the matrix are ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("\t %d", mat[i][j]);
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
transposed_mat[i][j] = mat[j][i];
}
printf("\n The elements of the transposed matrix are ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("\t %d",transposed_ mat[i][j]);
}
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
*********

22. Write a program to input two m � n matrices and then calculate the sum of their
corresponding elements and store it in a third m � n matrix.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2, rows_sum, cols_sum;
int mat1[5][5], mat2[5][5], sum[5][5];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of rows in the first matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&rows1);
printf("\n Enter the number of columns in the first matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&cols1);
printf("\n Enter the number of rows in the second matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&rows2);
printf("\n Enter the number of columns in the second matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&cols2);
if(rows1 != rows2 || cols1 != cols2)
{
printf("\n Number of rows and columns of both matrices must be equal");
getch();
exit();
}
rows_sum = rows1;
cols_sum = cols1;
printf("\n Enter the elements of the first matrix ");
for(i=0;i<rows1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<cols1;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n Enter the elements of the second matrix ");
for(i=0;i<rows2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<cols2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat2[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<rows_sum;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<cols_sum;j++)
sum[i][j] = mat1[i][j] + mat2[i][j];
}
printf("\n The elements of the resultant matrix are ");
for(i=0;i<rows_sum;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<cols_sum;j++)
printf("\t %d", sum[i][j]);
}
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
**********

23. Write a program to multiply two m � n matrices.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, k;
int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2, res_rows, res_cols;
int mat1[5][5], mat2[5][5], res[5][5];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of rows in the first matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&rows1);
printf("\n Enter the number of columns in the first matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&cols1);
printf("\n Enter the number of rows in the second matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&rows2);
printf("\n Enter the number of columns in the second matrix : ");
scanf("%d",&cols2);
if(cols1 != rows2)
{
printf("\n The number of columns in the first matrix must be equal
to the number of rows in the second matrix");
getch();
exit();
}
res_rows = rows1;
res_cols = cols2;
printf("\n Enter the elements of the first matrix ");
for(i=0;i<rows1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<cols1;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n Enter the elements of the second matrix ");
for(i=0;i<rows2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<cols2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat2[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<res_rows;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<res_cols;j++)
{
res[i][j]=0;
for(k=0; k<res_cols;k++)
res[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j];
}
}
printf("\n The elements of the product matrix are ");
for(i=0;i<res_rows;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<res_cols;j++)
printf("\t %d",res[i][j]);
}
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
************

24. Write a program to fill a square matrix with value zero on the diagonals, 1 on
the upper
right triangle, and �1 on the lower left triangle.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void read_matrix(int mat[5][5], int);
void display_matrix(int mat[5][5], int);
int main()
{
int row;
int mat1[5][5];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrix:");
scanf("%d", &row);
read_matrix(mat1, row);
display_matrix(mat1, row);
getch();
return 0;
}
void read_matrix(int mat[5][5], int r)
{
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<r; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<r; j++)
{
if(i==j)
mat[i][j] = 0;
else if(i>j)
mat[i][j] = �1;
else
mat[i][j] = 1;
}
}
}
void display_matrix(int mat[5][5], int r)
{
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<r; i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0; j<r; j++)
printf("\t %d", mat[i][j]);
}
}

***********************************************************************************
************

25. Write a program to read and display a 3 � 3 matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void display(int (*)[3]);
int main()
{
int i, j, mat[3][3];
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the elements of the matrix");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]);
}
}
display(mat);
return 0;
}
void display(int (*mat)[3])
{
int i, j;
printf("\n The elements of the matrix are");
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("\t %d",*(*(mat + i)+j));
}
}

***********************************************************************************
*************

26. Write a program to read and display a 2 � 2 � 2 array.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int array[2][2][2], i, j, k;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the elements of the matrix");
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<2;k++)
{
scanf("%d", &array[i][j][k]);
}
}
}
printf("\n The matrix is : ");
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
printf("\n");
for(k=0;k<2;k++)
printf("\t array[%d][%d][%d] = %d", i, j, k, array[i]
[j][k]);
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
************

27. Write a program which illustrates the use of a pointer to a three-dimensional

array.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,k;
int arr[2][2][2];
int (*parr)[2][2]= arr;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the elements of a 2 � 2 � 2 array: ");
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
for(k = 0; k < 2; k++)
scanf("%d", &arr[i][j][k]);
}
}
printf("\n The elements of the 2 � 2 � 2 array are: ");
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
for(k = 0; k < 2; k++)
printf("%d", *(*(*(parr+i)+j)+k));
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

***********************************************************************************
***********