International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 5

IoT
T Based Smart Irrigation Syste
System
Priyanka Lahande1, Dr. Basavaraj Mathpathi2
1
Student, 2Head of Department
Appa Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
Water scarcity nowadays is a big concern for farmers India. With rising population, there is a need for
and with this growing population of our country increased agricultural production.
production In order to support
agriculture becomes a serious and main problem that greater production in farms, the requirement of the
our framers are facing today. The main objective of amount of fresh water used in irrigation also rises.
the project is providing automatic irrigation system Currently, agriculture accounts 83% of the total water
that switches a motor pump ON/OFF by sensin sensing consumption in India. Unplanned use of water
moisture content of the soil through application of inadvertently results in wastage of water. This
Internet of Things (IOT). Human intervention can be suggests that there is an urgent need to develop
reduced by proper method of irrigation. The project systems that prevent water wastage without imposing
consists of Arduino microcontroller and sensor, where pressure on farmers. Over the past 15 years, farmers
Arduino microcontroller is programmed to rec receive the started using computers and software systems to
input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil organize
ze their financial data and keep track of their
through sensor. Once the controller receives these transactions with third parties and also monitor their
signal, the output then relay on operating the water crops more effectively. In the Internet era, where
pump. The sensing arrangement is made up of two information plays a key role in people's lives,
metallic rods inserted to the agriculturee field which is agriculture is rapidly becoming a very data intensive
required to be controlled. industry where farmers need to collect and evaluate a
huge amount of information from a diverse number of
Keywords: Irrigation, Arduino, Sensor, Agriculture, devices (eg. sensors, faming machinery etc.) in order
IoT to become more efficient in production and
communicating appropriate information. With the
I. INTRODUCTION adventt of open source Arduino boards along with
India is basically an agricultural country, and all its cheap moisture sensors, it is viable to create devices
resources depend on the agricultural output. Even in that can monitor the soil moisture content and
the modern span of industrialization, agriculture is the accordingly irrigating the fields or the landscape as an
key area that decides the economic growth of the when needed. The proposed system makes use of
country. Agriculture also accounts for 8.8.56% of the microcontroller
troller ATMEGA328P on arduino uno
country’s total exports. platform and IOT which enable farmers to remotely
monitor the status of sprinklers installed on the farm
Agriculture is the most important field as compared to by knowing the sensor values thereby, making the
others in India. Irrigation is the science of planning farmers' work much easier as they can concentrate on
and designing an efficient, low-cost, cost, economic other farm activities.
irrigation system designed in such a way to fit natural
conditions.
tions. By the construction of proper distribution Need of an Automatic Irrigation:
system and providing of adequate water supply will  Easy and simple to install and configure.
increase the yield of crops. Agriculture is the  Resources and Energy can be saved, so that can be
unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in utilized in proper way and amount.

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Aug 2018 Page: 359
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
 Distribution of equal amount of water at right time interface, have algorithm developed with threshold
by automatic irrigation to farm and nurseries. values of temperature and soil moisture can be
 To avoid unnecessary of overwatering at the programmed into a microcontroller based gateway to
wrong time of the day, this reduces saturated soils control water quantity [8].
which will improve crop performance.
 Automated irrigation system uses valves to turn Y. Kim, a system was developed where its main
motor ON and OFF. Motors can be easily objective was using distributed wireless sensor
automated using controllers which reduces labor network aiming for variable rate irrigation, real time
work. in field sensing, controlling of a site specific precision
 These method for irrigation is valuable tool for linear move irrigation system to maximize the
accurate soil moisture control in highly producing with minimal use of water [9].
specialized greenhouse vegetable production.
R. Suresh, S. Gopinath, K. Govindaraju, T. Devika,
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT N. Suthanthira Vanitha developed. GSM based
To design and develop automatic irrigation system automated irrigation control using rain gun where
that switches a motor pump ON/OFF by sensing irriagation will be intense requirement of water that
moisture content of the soil through application of save a large quantity of water [10].
Internet of Things (IOT).
 Pavithra D. S, M. S Srinath developed a system
II. LITERATURE SURVEY GSM based on Automatic Irrigation Control
The birth of internet in 1989, since then connecting System for Efficient use of Resources and crop
“Things” in the internet began widely in use. planning by using an Android Mobile.
 System with GSM (RS-232) module used to
Trojan Room Coffee pot is possibly the first supports monitoring and water management
application of this kind [1]. decisions.
 Power growth of plant can be checked by
1990, John Romkey developed a first internet ‘device’ checking temperature and humidity of soil which
[2], a toaster that could be turned on and off over the retain the nutrient composition of the soil.
internet [3].
[11], Laxmishabadi, Nandini Patil, Nikita. M, Shruti,
Paul Saffo’s [4] gave the first brief description of Smitha. P and Swati. C, an Irrigtion Control System
sensors and their future course of action in 1997. Using Android and GSM for efficient use of water
and power where in turn system uses Valves to turn
Sensors are deployed everywhere and these sensors motor ON and OFF, using controllers these valves
convert raw physical data into digital signals and may be easily automated.
transmits them to its control center [5].
Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System
The term Internet of Things was coined by Kevin Using Distributed Wireless Sensor Network Yunseop
Ashton, RFID-based item identification system was (James) kim, Robert G. Evans, and William M
also invented in the same year [6]. Iversen setup a technical system which is based on
relatively an efficient system that has developed
Dr. V. Vidya Devi, G. Meena kumari, “Real-Time windows application to monitor the field.
Automation and Monitoring System for Modernized Microcontroller Based Automatic Plant Irrigation
Agriculture”, Temperature moisture level was sensed System, Venkata Naga Rohit Gunturi, system. The
for unpredictable environment present a need of system microcontroller which is programmed for
proper utilization of water [7]. giving interrupt signals to the sprinkler.

Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-

Garibay, Web pages programmed through inspection III. PROPOSED DESIGN METHODOLOGY
and irrigation scheduling for the system that is 3.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM
powered by photovoltaic panels and have duplex Agriculture field nowadays facing lot of problem due
communication link based on a cellular internet to lack of water resources. In order to work on the

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
difficulties, smart irrigation system has been used in Software Requirement:
which various sensors such as pH sensor, soil Arduino IDE
moisture sensor, temperature sensor where in our
project we are using soil moisture sensor which is IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
connected to the pins of arduino microcontroller. The Developed system is tested under various conditions.
sensed values are stored in Adafruit server, if the The soil moisture test the soil for all climatic
sensed values is 1 the water pump will be conditions and results are interpreted successfully.
automatically switched ON and OFF upon value 0. By The moisture reading at different weather conditions
using these, system the farmer can access the details is taken and updated. The wireless transmission was
about the condition of the field anywhere at any time. achieved using Wi-Fi.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The data is stored in Adafruit server, the data is then
retrieved successfully from Adafruit which is used for
monitoring purpose.

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of Smart Irrigation

System. Figure 4.1: Soil Moisture Sensor when value is 0

The block diagram of smart irrigation system The soil moisture sensor value depends on the
compares main components namely such as arduino, resistance of the soil. Value of the sensor varies 0
nodeMcU, soil moisture sensor, adafruit server, relay, being the most wet condition.
motor. When sensor circuit senses the condition of
soil, it compares it with the reference voltage 5v.

When the soil condition is less than the reference

voltage that is 5v, the soil is considered dry and
instantly sends the logic signal to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller then turns on the motor driver
circuit and pump water to plants. If the sensed value is
greater than reference voltage 5v, the logic signal 0 is
Figure 4.2: Motor pump OFF upon value is 0
send to microcontroller, which turns off the motor
driver circuit.
The sensed value is send to microcontroller through
NodeMcU and motor pump is OFF in this condition.
3.3 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENT
The hardware and the software tools essential for
implementing this project are given below:

Hardware Requirement:
 Arduino
 NodeMcU
 Relay
 Solonoid
Figure 4.3: Soil moisture sensor when value is 1

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
The maximum threshold value upon dry soil is  All the features on device end can developed in
1023.When the sensed value by sensor reaches the the regional language, which helps in easy reading
threshold value microcontroller trigger the relay and for the farmers.
motor is ON.
REFERENCES
1. Vipul Gupta and David G. Simmons, Sun Labs,
Oracle “Building the Web of Things with Sun
SPOTs” Java One 2010, Hands-on Lab.
2. https://romkey.com.
3. http://wearcam.org/myview.html.
4. http://www.saffo.com/essays/sensors-the-next-
wave-of InfoTech-Innovation.
5. Ross Yu, Thomas Watteyne “Reliable, Low
Power Wireless Sensor Networks for the Internet
of Things: Making Wireless Sensors as Accessible
as Web Servers”, white paper, LT 1213, © Linear
Technology Corporation 2013.
6. http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?4986.
Figure 4.4: Motor pump ON upon value 1 7. S. R. Nandurkar, V. R. Thool, R. C. Thool,
“Design and Development of Precision
Motor pump is turned ON and is turned OFF Agriculture System Using Wireless Sensor
automatically when sufficient amount of water is Network”, IEEE International Conference on
supplied to plants. Automation, Control, Energy and Systems
(ACES), 2014.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 8. Joaquin Gutierrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina,
The automation in irrigation system is appropriate and Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel Ángel
price adequate for accessing water source of supply Porta-Gándara, “Automated Irrigation System
for agriculture management. The regular updates to Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS
the server can get proper knowledge to the system and Module”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
can work perfectly for indefinite time period. Human INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT,
factor energy and power can be reduced. 0018-9456,2013 .
9. Y. Kim, R. Evans and W. Iversen, “Remote
Project is used for the following Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using
 Field is maintained by maintaining moisture level a Distributed Wireless Sensor Network”, IEEE
within the root zone. Transactions on Instrumentation and
 Distribution of water in the field is uniform. Measurement, pp. 1379–1387, 2008.
 This irrigation method reduces labor cost. 10. Pavithra D. S, M. S. Srinath, “GSM based
 Water and electricity consumption is reduced to Automatic Irrigation Control System for Efficient
significant amount. Use of Resources and Crop Planning by Using an
Android Mobile”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical
Future Work and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) Vol11,
The project has tremendous scope in developing it and IssueI, Jul-Aug 2014, pp 49-55.
making it more user-friendly and with additional
11. Laxmi Shabadi, Nandini Patil, Nikita. M, Shruti.
features like:
J, Smitha. P & Swati. C, “Irrigation Control
 To capture the photos a webcam can be installed
System Using Android and GSM for Efficient Use
to the device, which can be sent to database.
of Water and Power”, International Journal of
 Implementation of speech based option for those
Advanced Research in Computer Science and
who are unable to read.
Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 7, July
 A device with a GPS can be integrated to provide
2014.
specific location of the farmer and more accurate
weather reports of agriculture field and garden.

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