SCORE: TOPIC 9-REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT BIL: 9
9.2: Sexual reproduction in plants and animals
1. FIGURE 1 below shows the process of pollen grain or male gametophyte formation.
FIGURE 1
a) Structure R above produced from a cell within the anther. State the ploidy level for the
cell that produce structure R. [1 mark]
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b) Based on FIGURE 1, state the process X and explain why this process is important.
[2 marks]
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c) During pollination, pollen will transferred from anther to the stigma and then
germinate. Cell Q then will form a structure that elongate down the style. What is cell
Q and explain how male gametes will form. [3 marks]
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d) As a reproductive organ, flower have brightly coloured petals. What is the purpose
having brightly coloured petals. [2 marks]
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e) Other than sexual reproduction, plants also can reproduce by asexual reproduction.
What is the disadvantage of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?
[1 mark]
SCORE: TOPIC 9-REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT BIL: 9
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9.2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants (d), (e) & (f)
2. FIGURE 2 shows the sequence of changes during the development of an ovule and
embryo sac in a flowering plant.
FIGURE 2
a) Describe the formation of embryo sac and formation of female gamete. [2 marks]
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b) What happens when a pollen grain lands on the stigma? [2 marks]
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c) What is meant by double fertilization? [2 marks]
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9.3 Human Reproductive System
3. a) The FIGURE 3A below shows a sperm cell. Sperms cells have many structure
labeled M.
SCORE: TOPIC 9-REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT BIL: 9
FIGURE 3A
i. Give a reason why sperm cells need many structure M? [1 mark]
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3. b) FIGURE 3B shows the stages of spermatogenesis in a mammal.
FIGURE 3B
i. State the letter(s) of the arrow or arrows that represent mitosis. [1 mark]
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ii. The structure X undergo meiosis to produce which type of sperm cell?. [1 mark]
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4. a) Figure 4A below show a female reproductive system after her puberty.
SCORE: TOPIC 9-REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT BIL: 9
FIGURE 4A
i. What type of hormone influence the development of primordial follicle? [2 marks]
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ii. Explain the situation which occurs in 5 step and which hormone involve to trigger this
situation. [2 marks]
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5. FIGURE 5 shows stages that lead to fertilization between sperm and egg cell.
FIGURE 5
a) What is the effect of enzyme X? [2 marks]
SCORE: TOPIC 9-REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT BIL: 9
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b) If Y doesn’t play its role well, predict what happen to the zygote? [1 mark]
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c) Name step 5 and describe what happen in this process. [2 marks]
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6. FIGURE 6B below show the structure of gastrula.
FIGURE 6B
a) What is the differences of
gastrula and blastula. [2
marks]
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9.5: Roles of hormones
6. GRAPH 1 below shows three types of hormones released during pregnancy.
GRAPH 6
SCORE: TOPIC 9-REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT BIL: 9
a) Based on GRAPH 6 above, hormone M will decline after 3 month. What is the effect if
the level of hormone M decline and how can pregnancy can be maintained? [3 marks]
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b) During pregnancy, why no milk produced by the mother? [1 mark]
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c) What is the most important hormone that involve during the process of giving birth.
[1 mark]
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