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4.procedure of Leveling EDITED

The document describes the procedures for conducting a leveling test over 1.4 km at the USM Engineering Campus. The test involves running a closed level loop starting from TBM 5 and passing through several points before returning to TBM 5. The measured reduced level should be within ±10mm of the original TBM 5 level of 3.702m. The procedures describe setting up the tripod and leveling instrument, focusing the telescope, measuring staff readings, and calculating results including permissible misclosure based on the leveling classification.

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Steven Kua
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20 views

4.procedure of Leveling EDITED

The document describes the procedures for conducting a leveling test over 1.4 km at the USM Engineering Campus. The test involves running a closed level loop starting from TBM 5 and passing through several points before returning to TBM 5. The measured reduced level should be within ±10mm of the original TBM 5 level of 3.702m. The procedures describe setting up the tripod and leveling instrument, focusing the telescope, measuring staff readings, and calculating results including permissible misclosure based on the leveling classification.

Uploaded by

Steven Kua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROCEDURE:

Test 1: Leveling (1.4 km USM Engineering Campus Compound)

Leveling is carried out by running a closed level loop. We start from Temporary Bench Mark
5(TBM 5) which is in front of Civil School . Then we go through TBM 4, PT 6, PT 5, INV 1,
TBM 2, TBM 1and lastly back to TBM 5.The measured reduced level should be within the
acceptable misclosure of ±10.0mm with respect to the original reduce level of TBM 5. The
known reduce level of TBM 5 is 3.702m.

1. Setting up the tripod


I. First,the tripod leg is positioned and then the other two are spread so as to make
the tripod head almost level.
II. The tripod legs are positioned on the ground and then the screws are tighten.
III. The instrument is placed on the tripod head and then the tripodscrew is screwed
into the instrument bottom for securing it to the tripod.
IV. The plumb bob is used to match the instrument center with the measuring point
when a horizontal scale is used.
V. Three leveling screws are used to centre the circular level.When a dome head
tripod is used,loosen the tripod screw a little,slide the instrument,center the
bubble,looking at the level,then the tripod screw to secure the instrument.

2. Leveling up
I. Level is placed onto tripod head.
II. Tripod is tighten with central fixing screw of tripod.
III. Foot screws of tribrach is turned.
IV. Circular level is centred by turning the foot screw.
-Centering the circular level:
a. Foot screws A and B are turned simultaneously in opposite directions
until bubbles is in the centre(on the imaginary “T”)
b. Foot screw C is turned until the bubble is centered.
3. Focusing Telescope
I. Telescope is aimed against a bright background.(eg.white paper)
II. Eyepiece is turned until reticule is sharp-focus and deep black.Now the eyepiece
is adapted to your eye.
III. Telescope is aimed on the staff using the coarse aiming device.
IV. Focusing knob is turned until image of staff is sharply focused.If the eyes is
moved up and down behind the eyepiece,the image of the staff and the reticle
may not be displaced against each other.

4. Measuring of height
In order to measure the difference in height between point A and B:
I. The instrument is set up almost in the middle of the points.The distance between
BS and FS must <50m. If the distance are too far away, then a change point (CP1)
was set up.
II. A leveling staff is provided at point A(back sight) and B(fore sight),one
each,they are collimated and the horizontal line of the reticle is read.
III. Suppose the reading at point A is a and that point B is b,therefore,the difference
in height between the two points will be = a-b

There are few terms in leveling which are normally use by surveyors. The first reading taken after
setting up the level is called a backsight (BS). The last reading taken before moving the level is
called a foresight (FS). Any other reading taken is called intermediate sight. Comparing these
readings gives the difference in height between the points.

5. Leveling staff reading


I. The vertical distance above and below the horizontal surface is read off.It may be
telescopic or folding,extending to a length usually of 4m or 5m and granulated to
be easily read in the field of view of the level telescope.
Once the elevation of points is determined, that point can be used for determining the elevation of
other points. In this way, the surveyors may go forward eventually determining the elevation of
points that are impractical from the initial location, and developing greater accuracy by means of
closed traverse.

6. Calculate the result


*Reduced level of a point = Reduced level before ± Different data of level.

Using the rise and fall system,


Apparent different of level = Back sight reading – Fore sight reading
=∑ Back sight - ∑ Fore sight
Reduced level of a point = Reduced level before + different in data of level
=∑ Rise - ∑ Fall
(The positive value data means rise and the negative value data means fall)
Misclosure =Last RL – First RL

To Calculate Closing Error

The precision of leveling is ascertained according to the error of closure. The permission limit of
closing error limit of closing error depends upon the nature of work for which the leveling is to be
done. Permissible misclosure is expressed as;

E = C √K

Where, E = closing error in millimeter (mm)


C= the constant
K= distance in kilometer (km)

The permissible misclosure allowed is E=± (8.4√k) millimeters because the leveling that we are
conducting is based in second class leveling.

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