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INCREASING DECREASING ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. f ( x ) = x3 − 27 x + 5 is an increasing function, then all the values of x are given by
(a) x ≤ −3 (b) x ≥3 (c) x ≤ −3 (d) x ≤3
x  π π
2. If f ( x ) = sin x − is increasing function, then where x ∈  − , 
2  2 2
π π π π π
(a) 0 < x < (b) − < x<0 (c) − <x< (d) x =
3 3 3 3 2
3. The function f ( x ) = cos x − 2 px is monotonically decreasing for :
1 1
(a) p < (b) p > (c) p < 2 (d) p > 2
2 2
2x
4. The function f ( x ) = log e (1 + x ) − is increasing on :
2+ x
(a) ( 0, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, 0 ) (c) ( −∞, ∞ ) (d) none of these

5. The function f defined by f ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) e − x is :

(a) decreasing for all x (b) decreasing in ( −∞, − 1) and increasing in ( −1, ∞ )

(c) increasing for all x (d) decreasing in ( −1, ∞ ) and increasing in ( −∞, − 1)
2
6. On the interval (1, 3), the function f ( x ) = 3 x + is :
x
(a) strictly decreasing (b) strictly increasing
(c) decreasing in (2, 3) only (d) neither increasing nor decreasing
7. The function f ( x ) = x1/ x is :

(a) increasing in (1, ∞ ) (b) decreasing in (1, ∞ )

(c) increasing in (1, e ) , decreasing in ( e, ∞ ) (d) decreasing in (1, e ) , increasing in ( e, ∞ )

8. If the function f ( x ) = cos x − 2ax + b is increasing along the entire number scale, the range of values of a
is given by :
b 1 3
(a) a ≤ b (b) a = (c) a ≤ − (d) a ≥ −
2 2 2
9. The function f ( x ) = x x decreases on the interval :

 1
(a) ( 0, e ) (b) ( 0, 1] (c)  0, (d) none of these
 e 
10. Let f ( x ) = e x ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) dx, then f decreases in the interval :
∫
(a) ( −∞, − 2 ) (b) ( −2, − 1) (c) (1, 2 ) (d) ( 2, ∞ )
log e x
11. The function f ( x ) = is increasing in the interval :
x

th
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1 
(a) (1, 2e ) (b) ( 0, e ) (c) ( 2, 2e ) (d)  , 2e 
e 
x (1− x )
12. If f ( x ) = xe , then f ( x ) is :
 1   1 
(a) increasing on  − , 1 (b) decreasing on R (c) increasing on R (d) decreasing on  − , 1
2   2 
13. The value of a for which the function ( a + 2 ) x3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1 decreases monotonically throughout for all
real x, are :
(a) a < −2 (b) a > −2 (c) −3 < a < 0 (d) −∞ < a ≤ −3
14. The function f ( x ) = 1 − x − x is decreasing for :
3 5

(a) 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 (b) x ≤ 1 (c) x ≥ 1 (d) all values of x

 e2 x − 1 
15. Given function f ( x ) =  2x  is :
 e +1 
(a) increasing (b) decreasing (c) even (d) none of these
16. A function is matched below against an interval where it is supposed to be increasing. Which of the following
pairs of incorrectly matched?
Interval Function
 1
(a)  −∞, 3x 2 − 2 x + 1
 3 
(b) ( −∞, − 4] x3 + 6 x 2 + 6
(c) ( −∞, ∞ ) x3 − 3x 2 + 3 x + 3
(d) [ 2, ∞ ) 2 x 3 − 3 x 2 − 12 x + 6
17. If f ( x ) = cos x + a 2 x + b is an increasing function for all values of x , then :

(a) a ∈ [ −1,1] (b) a ∈ ( −∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞ ) (c) a ∈ [ −1, ∞ ) (d) a ∈ ( −∞,1]

18. For what values of a, f ( x ) = − x3 + 4ax 2 + 2 x − 5 is decreasing ∀ x :

(a) (1, 2 ) (b) ( 3, 4 ) (c) R (d) No value of a

19. If f ( x ) = tan −1 ( g ( x ) ) (where g ( x ) is monotonically increasing for 0 < x < π / 2 ), then f ( x ) is :

 π  π  π π π 
(a) increasing in  0,  (b) decreasing in  0,  (c) increasing in  0,  (d) decreasing in  , 
 2  2  4 4 2
20. e x > 10 x is satisfied
(a) for all x (b) for all x > 3 (c) for x only if x > 20 (d) for all x > 18
x
21. The function f ( x ) = increases on the interval :
log x
(a) ( 0, ∞ ) (b) ( 0, e] (c) [ e, ∞ ) (d) none of these

22. The value of b for which the function f ( x ) = sin x − bx + c is decreasing for x ∈ R is given by :
(a) b < 1 (b) b ≥ 1 (c) b > 1 (d) b ≤ 1
a sin x + 2 cos x
23. The function f ( x ) = is increasing for x ∈ R when :
sin x + cos x
(a) a < 1 (b) a > 1 (c) a < 2 (d) a ≥ 2
24. If f and g are two increasing functions such that gof is defined, then :

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( ) 3
(a) gof is an increasing function (b) gof is an decreasing function
(c) gof is neither increasing nor decreasing (d) none of these
25. If f and g are two decreasing functions such that gof exists, then :
(a) gof is an increasing function (b) gof is a decreasing function
(c) gof is neither increasing nor decreasing (d) none of these
26. If f is an increasing function and g is a decreasing function on an interval I such that fog exits, then :
(a) fog is an increasing function on I (b) fog is a decreasing function on I
(c) fog is neither increasing nor decreasing on I (d) none of these
x 2 +1
If f ( x ) = e − t dt , then f ( x ) increases in :
2
27. ∫ x2

(a) ( −2, 2 ) (b) no value of x (c) ( 0, ∞ ) (d) ( −∞, 0]

28. For what values of x , the function f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x3 + 4 x 2 + 40 is monotonic decreasing?
(a) 0 < x < 1 (b) 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 (c) 2 < x < 3 (d) 4 < x < 5
29. The value of a in order that f ( x ) = sin x − cos x − ax + b decreases for all real values of x is given by

(a) a ≥ 2 (b) a < 2 (c) a ≥ 1 (d) a < 1

 2π 
30. The interval of increase of the function f ( x ) = x − e x + tan   is :
 7 
(a) ( 0, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, 0] (c) (1, ∞ ) (d) ( −∞, − 1)
 π π π
31. Let the function g : ( −∞, ∞ ) →  − ,  be given by g ( u ) = 2 tan −1 ( eu ) − . Then, g is :
 2 2 2
(a) even and is strictly increasing in ( 0, ∞ ) (b) odd and is strictly decreasing in ( −∞, ∞ )

(c) odd and is strictly increasing in ( −∞, ∞ )

(d) neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in ( −∞, ∞ )

32. How many real solutions does the equation x 7 + 14 x5 + 16 x3 + 30 x − 560 = 0 have :
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 3

( )
2
33. The function f ( x ) = 9 − x 2 increases in :

(a) ( −3, 0 ) ∪ ( 3, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, − 3) ∪ ( 3, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, − 3) ∪ ( 0, 3) (d) ( −3, 3)

34. The function f defined by f ( x ) = x3 − 6 x 2 − 36 x + 7 is increasing, if :
(a) x ≥ 2 and also x ≥ 6 (b) x ≥ 2 and also x ≤ 6 (c) x ≥ −2 and also x ≤ 6 (d) x ≤ −2 and also x ≥ 6
35. The function f ( x ) = x 2 e− x increases in the interval :

(a) [ 0, 2] (b) ( 2, 3) (c) ( 3, 4 ) (d) ( 4, 5)

36. If f ( x ) = 3 x 4 + 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 12 , then f ( x ) is :

(a) increasing in ( −∞, − 2 ) and in ( 0, 1) (b) increasing in ( −2, 0 ) and in (1, ∞ )

(c) decreasing in ( −2, 0 ) and in ( 0, 1) (d) decreasing in ( −∞, − 2 ) and in (1, ∞ )

37. In the interval [ 0, 1] , the function f ( x ) = x 2 − x + 1 is :

(a) increasing (b) decreasing (c) neither increasing nor decreasing (d)none of the above
38. The function f ( x ) = cot −1
x + x increases in the interval :

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(a) (1, ∞ ) (b) ( −1, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, ∞ ) (d) ( 0, ∞ )
 π π
39. For a given integer k , in the interval  2π k − , 2π k +  the graph of y = sin x is :
 2 2
(a) increasing and y ∈ [ −1,1] (b) decreasing and y ∈ [ −1, 0]
(c) decreasing and y ∈ [ 0,1] (d) none of the above
40. Let f ( x ) = x3 + ax 2 + bx + 5sin 2 x be an increasing function on the set R . Then, a and b satisfy :
(a) a 2 − 3b − 15 ≥ 0 (b) a 2 − 3b + 15 ≥ 0 (c) a 2 − 3b + 15 ≤ 0 (d) a > 0 and b ≥ 0
 π π
41. 41. If the function f ( x ) = 2 tan x + ( 2a + 1) log e sec x + ( a − 2 ) x is increasing in  2nπ − , 2nπ + 
 2 2
(a) a ∈ (1/ 2, ∞ ) (b) a ∈ ( −1/ 2, 1/ 2 ) (c) a = 1/ 2 (d) a ∈ R
π
42. Let f ( x ) = 2sin 3 x − 3sin 2 x + 12 sin x + 5, 0 ≤ x ≤ . Then, f ( x ) is :
2
(a) decreasing on [ 0, π / 2] (b) increasing on [ 0, π / 2]

(c) increasing on [ 0, π / 4] and decreasing on [π / 4, π / 2] (d) none of these

 xeax , x≤0
43. Let f ( x ) =  2 3
, where a is a positive constant. Then, the interval in which f ′ ( x ) is
 x + ax − x , x > 0
increasing, in :
(a) ( 0, a / 3) (b) ( −2 / a , 0 ) (c) ( −2 / a , a / 3 ) (d) none of these

44. The interval in which 2 x 3 + 5 increases less rapidly than 9 x 2 − 12 x , is :

(a) ( −∞, 1) (b) (1, 2 ) (c) ( 2, ∞ ) (d) none of these
π
45. If 0 < α < β < , then :
2
tan β α tan β α tan α α tan α α
(a) < (b) > (c) < (d) >
tan α β tan α β tan β β tan β β
π
46. If 0 ≤ x ≤ , then :
2
(a) tan x ≤ x ≤ sin x (b) x ≤ sin x ≤ tan x (c) sin x ≤ tan x ≤ x (d) none of these
47. If f : R → R defined by f ( x ) = 3 x + 2a cos x − 5 is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing, then ‘ a ’
belongs to :
(a) [ −3 / 2, 3 / 2] ( −∞, 1/ 2] ∪ [3 / 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −4, 4 )
(b) (d) R

48. If a < 0, f ( x ) = e ax + e− ax and S = { x : f ( x ) is monotonically increasing}, then S equals :

(a) { x : x ≥ 0} (b) { x : x ≤ 0} { x : x ≥ 1} (d) { x : x ≤ 1}

x2
1
49. If f ( x ) = ∫ ( log t ) 2
dt , x ≠ 0, x ≠ 1 , then f ( x ) is monotonically :
x

(a) increasing on ( 2, ∞ ) (b) increasing on (1, 2 ) (c) decreasing on ( 2, ∞ ) (d)decreasing on ( 0, 3)

1
x
 t
50. The interval in which the function f ( x ) =  ∫  t + 2 − t  dt will be decreases :
0

(a) ( −2, − 1] ∪ [ 0, 3) (b) ( −2, − 1] ∪ [ 0, 3] (c) ( −2, − 1] ∪ [ 0, 2] (d) ( −2, − 1] ∪ ( 0, 2]

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51. The interval in which the function x3 increases less rapidly than 6 x 2 + 15 x + 5 , is :
(a) ( −∞, − 1) (b) ( −5, 1) (c) ( −1, 5) (d) ( 5, ∞ )
52. ( )
The function f ( x ) = log e x3 + x 6 + 1 is of the following types :

(a) even and increasing (b) odd and increasing (c) even and decreasing (d) odd and decreasing

53. (
The values of x for which 1 + x log e x + x 2 + 1 ≥ ) x 2 + 1 are :

(a) x ≤ 0 (b) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (c) x ≥ 0 (d) none of these

x +1 1 1
54. The function f ( x ) given by f ( x ) = 1 x + 1 1 is increasing on :
1 1 x +1
(a) R (b) ( −2, 0 ) (c) R − ( −2, 0 ) (d) none of these

55. The function f ( x ) = xe1− x strictly :

(a) increases in the interval ( 0, ∞ ) (b) decreases in the interval ( 0, 2 )

(c) increases in the interval (1/ 2, 2 ) (d) decreases in the interval (1, ∞ )

56. Consider the polynomial f ( x ) = 1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + 4 x3 . Let S be the sum of all distinct real roots of f ( x ) . Then
S lies in the interval :
(a) ( −1/ 4, 0 ) (b) ( −11, − 3 / 4 ) (c) ( −3 / 4, − 1/ 2 ) (d) ( 0, 1/ 4 )
 π
57. On the interval  0,  , the function log sin x is :
 2
(a) increasing (b) decreasing (c) neither increasing nor decreasing (d)none of these
58. If f ( x ) = x + ax + 5 is increasing function in [ 2, 3] , then the minimum value of a is :
2

(a) 2 (b) –4 (c) –2 (d) 4

π π
59. f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) , − ≤x≤ , is increasing in :
2 2
 π π   π   π π  π π 
(a)  − ,  (b)  0,  (c)  − ,  (d)  , 
 4 4  2  2 4 4 2
60. In case of strict decreasing functions, slope of tangent and hence derivative is
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) either negative or zero.
 π π
61. Let f ( x ) = tan x − 4 x, then in the interval  − , , f ( x ) is
 3 3 
(a) a decreasing function (b) an increasing function (c) a constant function (d) none of these.
 2x 
62. The interval of increase of the function f ( x ) = sin −1  2 
is
 1+ x 
(a) R (b) ( −1, 1) (c) [ −1, 1] (d) none of these.

 1 − x2 
63. The interval of decrease of the function f ( x ) = cos −1  2 
 1+ x 
(a) R (b) ( −∞, 0] (c) [0, ∞ ) (d) none of these.

If f ( x ) = xe ( ) , then f ( x )
x 1− x
64.

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 1   1 
(a) increase on  − ,1 (b) decrease on R (c) increase on R (d) decrease on  − ,1
 2   2 
65. ( )
If g ( x ) = min x, x 2 , where x is real number, then

(a) g ( x ) is an increasing function (b) g ( x ) is a decreasing function

(c) g ( x ) is a constant function (d) g ( x ) is a continuous function except at x = 0

66. The function f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) is an increasing function in

(a) (π / 4, π / 2 ) (b) ( −π / 2, π / 4 ) (c) ( 0, π / 2 ) (d) ( −π / 2, π / 2 )

67. For what value of a, f ( x ) = − x 3 + 4ax 2 + 2 x − 5 is increasing ∀ x ?

(a) (1, 2 ) (b) ( 3, 4 ) (c) R (d) No value of a

68. The set of all points for which f ( x ) = x 2 e− x strictly increases is

(a) ( 0, 2 ) (b) ( 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −2, 0 ) (d) ( −∞, ∞ )

69. For the function f ( x ) = x3 ,
(a) f is strictly increasing at 0 (b) f is increasing at 0 but not strictly increasing at 0
(c) f is neither increasing nor decreasing at 0 as f ′ ( 0 ) = 0 (d) none of the above assertions is valid

70. For x > 1, y = ( x − 1) − log x satisfies

e x −1 x x
(a) >1 (b) x 2 −1
>1 (c) 1− x
<1 (d) none of these inequalities
x e x
π
71. If 0 < x < , then
2
(a) cos ( sin x ) > cos x (b) cos ( sin x ) < cos x (c) cos ( sin x ) > sin ( cos x ) (d) cos ( sin x ) < sin ( cos x )

72. For what value of a, f ( x ) = − x 3 + 4ax 2 + 2 x − 5 is decreasing for all x ∈ R .

(a) (1, 2 ) (b) ( 3, 4 ) (c) R (d) no value of a

73. How many real solutions does the equation x 7 + 14 x5 + 16 x3 + 30 x − 560 = 0 has
(a) 7 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 5
x 2
74. If f ( x ) = + for −7 ≤ x ≤ 7, x ≠ 0 then f ( x ) is a monotonically increasing function in the interval.
2 x
(a) [ 2, 7 ] (b) [ 0, 7 ] (c) [ −7, 0] (d) [ −2, 0 )
x
75. The function f ( x ) = is an increasing function in the interval
sin x
π π π
(a) 0 ≤ x ≤ (b) 0 > x > (c) 0 < x < (d) None of these
2 2 2
76. The set of all x for which log (1 + x ) ≤ x is equal to
(a) x ≤ 0 (b) x ≥ 0 (c) x ≤ 1 (d) x ≥ −1
77. For all x ∈ ( 0,1)

(a) e x < 1 + x (b) log e (1 + x ) < x (c) sin x > x (d) log e x > x

If f ( x ) = xe ( ) , then f ( x ) is
x 1− x
78.

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 1   1 
(a) increasing on  − ,1 (b) decreasing on R (c) increasing on R (d) decreasing on  − ,1
 2   2 
 π
79. The function f given by f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) , x > 0 in the interval  0,  is
 4
(a) strictly decreasing function (b) strictly increasing function
(c) sometimes decreasing sometimes increasing (d) None of these
80. The function f ( x ) = cos x − 2ax is monotonically decreasing for

1 1
(a) a < (b) a > (c) a < 2 (d) a > 2
2 2
81. The function which is neither decreasing nor increasing in (π / 2, 3π / 2 ) is :

(a) cosec x (b) tan x (c) x 2 (d) x −1

82. If function f ( x ) = x 2 + ax + 1 is monotonic increasing in the interval [1, 2] then the minimum value of ‘ a ’ is
:
(a) −1 (b) −2 (c) 1 (d) 0

83. ( )
f ( x ) = x − cot −1 x − log x + 1 + x 2 increases for x belonging to

(a) ( −∞, ∞ ) (b) ( 0, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, 0 ) (d) φ

84. If f : [1,10] → [1,10] is a increasing function and g : [1,10] → [1,10] is decreasing function. Let
h ( x ) = f  g ( x )  with h (1) = 1. then h ( 2 ) :
(a) lies in 1, 2 (b) is more than two (c) is equal to one (d) is not defined
85. Let f ( x ) = e x ( x − 1)( x − 2 )dx. Then f decreases in the interval
∫
(a) ( −∞, − 2 ) (b) ( −2, − 1) (c) (1, 2 ) (d) ( 2, + ∞ )
(1− x )
86. If f ( x ) = xe x , then f ( x ) is
 1   1 
(a) increasing on  − , 1 (b) decreasing or R (c) increasing on R (d) decreasing on  − , 1
2   2
 
87. The length of a longest interval in which the function 3sin x − 4sin 3 x is increasing, is
π π 3π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
3 2 2
88. If f ( x ) = 2 x + cot −1 x − log ( )
1 + x 2 − x , then f ( x )

(a) increases in [ 0, ∞ ) (b) decreases in [ 0, ∞ )

(c) neither increases nor decreases in ( 0, ∞ ) (d) increases in ( −∞, ∞ )

89. Let f ( x ) and g ( x ) be defined and differentiable for x ≥ x0 and f ( x0 ) = g ( x0 ) , f ′ ( x ) > g ′ ( x ) . for
x > x0 Then
(a) f ( x ) < g ( x ) for some x > x0 (b) f ( x ) = g ( x ) for some x > x0

(c) f ( x ) > g ( x ) for all x > x0 (d) none of these

202 101
90. Let a = (101) , b = ( 202 ) , then
(a) a > b (b) a < b (c) 2a = b (d) a 2 = b

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( ) + ( f ( x ))
2 3
91. Let h ( x ) = f ( x ) − f ( x ) for every real number x. Then
(a) h is increasing whenever f is increasing (b) h is increasing whenever f is decreasing
(c) h is decreasing whenever f is decreasing (d) nothing can be said in general
92. The function f ( x ) = sec −1 ( x − 2 ) − sec −1 ( x − 1) is
(a) increasing for x < −5 (b) increasing for x < −1 (c) decreasing for 1 < x < 2 (d)decreasing for x < 0
93. y = x x increases in
(a) R − (b) R + (c) R − {0} (d) none of these
[ x]
94. If [ x ] represents the greatest integer ≤ x, then y = [ x ] ( x ≥ 1) increases in
(a) { x / x ∈ Z , x ≥ 1} (b) { x / x ≥ 1} (c) { x / x ≤ 1} (d) φ

95. y = cos ( sin x ) increases in

 π π   −π 
(a)  0,  (b)  ,π  (c)  ,0 (d) φ
 2 2   2 
96. y = sin ( sin x ) always increasing if x ∈ ......
(a) R + (b) R − (c) R (d) none of these
97. y = cos ( cos x ) decreases in
 −π π   π π 
(a)  ,  (b) ( −π , 0 ) (c)  0,  (d)  ,π 
 2 2  2 2 
98. ( )
y = sin sin −1 x  sin −1 ( sin x )  increases in

 −π π   −π   π
(a)  ,  (b) ( 0,1) (c)  ,1 (d) 1,
 2 2  2   2
99. y = − x 3 + bx 2 − ax + c ( a > 0, b > 0 ) when b 2 < 3a decreases in
(a) R + (b) R − (c) R (d) φ
( x − 1)
100. y = decreases in
( x − 1)( x − 2 )
(a) R (b) R − {1} (c) R − {1, 2} (d) φ
x
101. If [ x ] represents the greatest integer ≤ x, then y = decreases in
[ x]
(a) R − − Z − − [ 0,1) (b) R − − Z − (c) R − [ 0,1) (d) none of these

102. At x = 3, y = x [ x ] (where [ x ] is the greatest integer ≤ x ) is

(a) increasesing (b) decreasesing (c) stationary (d) none of these
103. At x = 2.4, y = x [ x ] where [ x ] is the greatest integers ≤ x in
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) stationary (d) none of these
104. For non integral values of x, y = [ x ] − x where [ x ] is the greatest integer ≤ x
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) stationary (d) none of these
105. y = tan x sin x decreases in
 3π   3π   π 3π 
(a) (π , 2π ) (b)  π ,  ∪  , 2π  (c) ( 0, π ) (d)  , 
 2   2  2 4 

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106. y = cot x cos x decreases in
 π   π  3π   3π 
(a)  − , 0  ∪  0,  (b) ( 0, π ) (c)  π ,  (d)  , 2π 
 2   2  2   2 
107. y = sec x tan x decreases in
 π 3π   −π π 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c) ( 0, π ) (d) none of these
2 2   2 2
108. y = cot e x increases in
(a) R (b) R + (c) R − (d) none of these
109. y = cos ( sin x ) decreases in

 −π π  π   3π 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,π  (c)  π ,  (d) φ
 2 2 2   2 
110. y = sin ( sin x ) decreases in

 −π π   π 3π 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c) (π , 2π ) (d) φ
 2 2 2 2 
111. y = cos ( cos x ) decreases in

 −π   π  3π  π 
(a)  ,0 (b)  0,  (c)  π ,  (d)  ,π 
 2   2  2  2 
112. y = tan ( cot x ) decreases in
π π
(a) R − ( 2n − 1) − nπ , n ∈ Z (b) R − cot −1 ( 2n − 1) − nπ , n ∈ Z
2 2
π
(c) R − ( 2n − 1) , n ∈Z (d) none of these
2
113. y = cosec −1 x decreases in
(a) ( −∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (b) R (c) R + (d) none of these

( )
114. y = cos −1 sin −1 x decreases in

 −π π 
(a) R (b) ( − sin1,sin1) (c)  ,  (d) none of these
 2 2
( )
115. y =  tan tan −1 x   tan −1 ( tan x )  decreases in
 
π
(a) R (b) R + (c) R − − ( 2n − 1) , n ∈ Z − (d) none of these
2
116. y = sin sin
 ( −1
)
x   cosec cos ec x  decreases in
−1

(a)( −1, 0 ) (b) ( 0,1) (c) ( −1,1) (d) φ

117. y = cot −1 ( − x ) decreases in

(a) R − nπ , n ∈ Z (b) R + − nπ , n ∈ Z (c) R − (d) none of these

118. y = x + sin 2 x decreases in

π π  π  π π 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,π  (c)  ,  (d) none of these
4 2 2  3 2

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119. y = x 2 − log x decreases in

 −1   1 
(a) R (b) R + (c)  −∞,  ∪  0,  (d) φ
 2  2
( )
120. y = x 4 + 6 x3 + 17 x 2 + 32 x + 32 e− x decreases in

(a) [ −2, −1] ∪ [ 0,1] (b) ( −∞, −2] ∪ [ 0, ∞ ) (c) [ −2, −1] (d) φ
121. For all real values of x , if f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x 3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1 decreases in R , then
(a) a < −3 (b) a > −3 (c) −3 > a < −2 (d) −2 < a < 0
122. y = log e ( log e x ) increases in

(a) R + (b) (1, ∞ ) (c) R − (d) φ

( )
123. y = log e log e ( log e x ) increases in

(a) ( e, ∞ ) (b) R + (c) R − (d) none of these

π
124. At x = , f ( x ) = sin x + cos x
4
(a) increasing (b) decreasing (c) neither increasing nor decreasing (d)none of these
125. Let f ( x ) , g ( x ) , h ( x ) be three real functions and f ′ ( x ) > 0, g ′ ( x ) < 0 and h′ ( x ) > 0 for all x ∈ R then

(a) fogoh ( x ) > fogoh ( x -1) (b) fogoh ( x ) < fogoh ( x -1) (c) fogoh ( x ) = fogoh ( x -1) (d)None of these
1
126. y = increases in
1 − log 3 x
(a) R + (b) R (c) R + − {3} (d) ( 0,3)
π
127. The function f ( x ) = 1 + 2 ( tan x ) [ cos x ] for all 0 < x ≤ ( where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer function)
2
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) stationary (d) none of these
128. For all x > 1 which of the following is true.
1 1 1
(a) 2 x < 3 − (b) 2 x > 3 − (c) 2 x = 3 − (d) None of these
x x x
129. For all x > 0 , which one of the following is true.
(a) x > log e (1 + x ) (b) x < log e (1 + x ) (c) x = log e (1 + x ) (d) none of these

tan −1 x
130. If f ( x ) = log e (1 + x ) , g ( x ) = then for all x > 0 which of the following is true.
1+ x
(a) f ( x ) < g ( x ) (b) f ( x ) = g ( x ) (c) f ( x ) > g ( x ) (d) none of these

sin ( x + a )
131. The function f ( x ) = increases for all x in the domain of f ( x ) then
sin ( x + b )
π 3π
(a) 0 < b − a < 2π (b) 0 < b − a < π (c) π < b − a < 2π (d) <b−a <
2 2
π
132. If 0 < x1 < x2 < then which of the following is true.
2
(a) x2 tan x2 > x1 tan x1 (b) x2 tan x2 < x1 tan x1 (c) x2 tan x2 = x1 tan x1 (d) none of these

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 π
x

133. ( )
f ( x ) = ∫ et − 1 ( t − 1)( sin t − cos t ) sin t dt , ∀ x ∈  − , 2π  , then f ( x ) is decreasing in :
 2 
0

 π  π   π   π π  5π 
(a)  − , 0  ∪  ,1 ∪  π ,  (b)  − ,  ∪ (1, π ) ∪  , 2π 
 2  4   4  2 4  4 
 π   5π   π  5π 
(c)  ,1 ∪  π ,  (d)  0,  ∪ (1, π ) ∪  , 2π 
4   4   4  4 
134. If f ( x ) = 2e x − ae − x + ( 2a + 1) x − 3 is increasing for all values of x . Then :

(a) a ∈ ( −∞, ∞ ) (b) a ∈ ( −∞, 0] (c) a ∈ [ 0, ∞ ) (d) none of these

a2 − 4 3
135. Let f ( x ) = x − 3 x + sin 3 . Then for f ( x ) to be decreasing, the interval of a is / are given by :
a2 + 2
(a) ( −∞, −2 ) (b) [ 2, ∞ ) (c) [ −2, 2] (d) none of these

136. f ( x ) = 2 x + cot −1 x + log 1 + x 2 − x is :

(a) increasing in ( −∞, ∞ ) (b) decreasing in ( −∞, ∞ )

(c) increasing in ( 0, ∞ ) and decreasing in ( −∞, 0 )

(d) decreasing in ( 0, ∞ ) and increasing in ( −∞, 0 )

log e 4 log e 5 log e 6 log e 7
137. The greatest among the four values , , , is
4 5 6 7
log e 4 log e 5 log e 6 log e 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 5 6 7
138. Which one of the following is true.
(a) π e < eπ (b) π e = eπ (c) eπ < π e (d) None of these
139. Which of the following is true.

( 2) ( 3) ( 2) < ( 3) ( 2) ( 3)
3 2 3 2 3 2
(a) > (b) (c) = (d) None of these
140. Which of the following is true.
(a) π < e log e π (b) π = e log e π (c) π > e log e π (d) none of these
141. which of the following is true.
0.5 ( 0.75 ) 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.75
(a) > (b) < (c) = (d) None of these
sin ( 0.5 ) sin ( 0.75 ) sin ( 0.5 ) sin ( 0.75 ) sin ( 0.5 ) sin ( 0.75 )
142. y = cos e x decreases in
(a)( − log e π , log e π ) (b) R (c) ( log e π , ∞ ) (d) ( −∞, log e π )
143. y = tan ( log e x ) is increasing in the interval …….
π π
   
(a) ( 0, ∞ ) (b)  0, e 2  (c)  e 2 , ∞  (d) None of these
   
144. y = cos ec ( log e x ) decreases in
π
 
(a) ( e−π / 2 , eπ / 2 ) (b) ( ) (
e−π / 2 ,1 ∪ 1, eπ / 2 ) (c)  e 2 , ∞  (d) φ
 
145. y = sin ( cos x ) decreases in

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 −π π   π 3π 
(a) (π , 2π ) (b)  ,  (c) ( 0, π ) (d)  , 
 2 2 2 2 
Assertion Reason Type
Choose the correct option for given Statement-1 and Statement-2
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
1
146. Statement-1 : f ( x ) = is decreasing for x < 5 and x > 5 . Statement-2 : f ′ ( x ) < 0 for all x ≠ 5 .
x−5
π 
147. Statement-1 : Both sin x and cos x are decreasing function in  ,π .
2 
Statement-2 : If a differentiable function decreases in an interval ( a, b ) , then its derivative also decreases in
( a, b ) .
148. Observe the following statement
Statement-1 : f ( x ) = 2 x 3 − 9 x 2 − 3 is increasing outside the interval (1, 2 )

Statement -2 : f ′ ( x ) < 0 for x ∈ (1, 2 ) Then which of the following is true?

ae x + be− x
149. Statement-1 : The function f ( x ) = is increasing function of x , then bc ≥ ad .
ce x + de− x
Statement-2 : f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x .

 π
150. Statement 1: The function x cos x is increasing in  0,  . Because
 4
 π
Statement 2 : The function cos x is decreasing in  0, .
 2
151. Statement 1: If f ( x ) and g ( x ) are increasing and strictly positive functions on ( 0, ∞ ) then so is
f ( x ) g ( x ) . Because
Statement 2: Product of increasing functions is increasing.
152. Statement 1: A function f ( x ) is strictly monotonically increasing if and only if it is non periodic because
Statement 2: A periodic function cannot be strictly increasing.
1 1
1
153. Statement 1: ( 2009 ) 2009 > ( 2010 ) 2010 because Statement 2: is monotonically decreasing in ( 0, ∞ )
xx
154. Statement 1: The square root of a number lying in ( 0,1) is greater than the number. because

Statement 2: The function x is monotonically decreasing in ( 0,1) .

155. Consider the following statements in S and R
π 
S: Both sin x and cos x are decreasing functions in the interval  ,π
2 
R : if a differentiable function decreases in an interval ( a, b ) , then its derivative also decreases in ( a, b )
Which of the following is true ?
(a) Both S and R are wrong (b) Both S and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of S
(c) S is correct and R is the correct explanation for S (d) S is correct and R is wrong
156. Statement 1: Let f : R → R be a function such that f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 + 3 x + sin x. Then f is one-one

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) 13
Statement 2: f ( x ) is neither increasing nor decreasing function
157. The length of the longest interval in which the function 3sin x − 4sin 3 x is increasing , is
π π 3π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
3 2 2
158. The values of k for which the function f ( x ) = kx 2 − 9 x 2 + 9 x + 3 may be increasing on R are
(a) k ≥ 3 (b) k < 3 (c) k ≤ 3 (d) none of these
k sin x + 2 cos x
159. If the function f ( x) = is strictly increasing for all values of x, then
sin x + cos x
(a) k < 1 (b) k > 1 (c) k < 2 (d) k > 2
160. The function f ( x ) = sin x − bx + c will be increasing in R, if
(a) b ≤ 1 (b) b ≤ 0 (c) b ≤ −1 (d) b ≥ 0
161. The function f ( x ) = sin x + cos x increases, if
4 4

π π 3π 3π 5π 5π 3π
(a) 0 < x < (b) <x< (c) <x< (d) <x<
8 4 8 8 8 8 4
162. The values of ‘a’ for which the function f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1 decreases monotonically
throughout for all real x , are
(a) a < −2 (b) a > −2 (c) −3 < a < 0 (d) −∞ < a ≤ −3
163. The function f ( x ) = cos x − 2 px is monotonically decreasing for
1 1
(a) p ≤ (b) p ≥ (c) p ≤ 2 (d) p ≥ 2
2 2
3
164. If f ( x ) = x 2 ( 3 x − 10 ) , x ≥ 0, then f ( x ) is increasing in
(a) ( −∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (b) [ 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, −1) ∪ [ 2, ∞ ) (d) ( −∞, 0] ∪ ( 2, ∞ )
165. The function f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) is increasing function in
π π   π π  π  π π
(a)  ,  (b)  − ,  (c)  0,  (d)  − , 
4 2  2 4  2  2 2
 π 3π 
166. Let f ( x ) = log ( sin x + cos x ) , x ∈  − ,  then f is increasing in the interval
 4 4 
 π π  3π  π π   π 3π 
(a)  − ,  (b)  0,  (c)  ,  (d)  , 
 4 4  8  4 2 2 4 
 0 ,x =0
167. f ( x ) =  The function f ( x ) is
x − 3 , x > 0
(a) increasing when x ≥ 0 (b) strictly increasing when x > 0
(c) strictly increasing at x = 0 (d) not continuous at x = 0 and so it is not increasing when x > 0
−x
ae + be
x
168. The function f ( x ) = is increasing function of x, then
ce x + de − x
(a) bc < ad (b) bc > ad (c) ac > bd (d) ac < bd

169. Matching type

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(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

x=a x=a x=a x=a

(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

x=a x=a x=a x=a

Graph Type
I (a) S.I
II (b) S.D
III. (c) N. I
IV. (d) N.D
V (e) N ↑ N ↓

170. Test of monotonicity of x = 0

2
4 x3 ; x ≤ 0 ( x + 2 ) ; x ≤ 0
(i) f ( x ) = 3x + 2 x (ii) f ( x ) =  (iii) f ( x ) = 
7 x; x > 0 4 + x ; x > 0
171. Test the monotonicity of following function at the indicated points
3 + x 3e − x ; x < 0 3 2
4 − x 2 ; x < 0   x + x + 5 x ; x < 0
(i) f ( x ) =  (ii) f ( x ) = 2 ; x=0 (iii) f ( x ) = 
 2 x + 1; x ≥ 0  2 1 − xe
x
; x≥0
1 − 2 x ; x > 0
172. Discuss about the monotonicity of following functions in the interval [ a, b] ;
y y y y

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

a x a x a x x
b b b a b

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 15
y y y

(v) (vi) (vii)

x x a c x
a b a b b

173. State which of the following statements are true

(a) Functions which are increasing as well as decreasing in their domain are said to be non monotonic
(b) f ( x ) = x − sin x is monotonically increasing in ( 0, 4π )
(c) f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c ( a ≠ 0 ) is monotonically increasing in its domain
(d) f ( x ) = x , is non monotonic in its domain
 π
(e) f ( x ) = sin x is strictly increasing in the interval 0,  .
 2
174. Find the Range of possible real value of k which the function f ( x ) = 2bx − 3sin x + c is monotonically
increasing ∀x ∈ ℝ.
sin x
175. Show that is a deceasing function in the interval ( 0, π ) and hence prove that 3sin 2 > 2 sin 3.
x
176. The function f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x is decreasing in the interval
(a) [ −1,1] (b) ( −∞,1) (c) [1, ∞ ) (d) none of these
177. f ( x ) = x3 − 27 x + 5 is an increasing function , when
(a) x ≤ −3 (b) x ≥ 3 (c) x ≥ −3 (d) x ≤ 3
178. The function f ( x ) = x 2 is increasing in the interval
(a) ( −1,1) (b) ( −∞, ∞ ) (c) ( 0, ∞ ) (d) ( −∞, 0 )
179. The interval for which the given function f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 3x 2 − 36 x + 7 is decreasing , is
(a) ( −2,3) (b) ( 2,3) (c) ( 2, −3) (d) none of these
180. If f ( x ) = 3x3 + 3x 2 − 12 x + 5, then the interval in which ( l1 ) increases and ( l2 ) decreases is
(a) l1 = ( −∞, −2] ∪ [1, ∞ ) , l2 = [ −2,1] (b) l1 = ( −∞,1] , l2 = [ −1, 2] ∪ [ 2, ∞ )
(c) l1 = ( −∞, −1] ∪ [ 2, ∞ ) , l2 = [ −1, 2] (d) l1 = ( −∞, 2] ∪ [ −1, ∞ ) , l2 = [5, 2]
log x
181. The value of x for which the function f ( x ) = decreasing is
x
(a) x ≥ 1 (b) x ≤ 1 (c) x ≥ e (d) x ≥ 3
3 2
182. Let f ( x ) = x 3 + x + 3 x + 3, then f ( x ) is
2
(a) a decreasing function (b) an increasing function (c) an odd function (d) an even function
183. The set of all points for which f ( x ) = x e strictly increasing is
2 −x

(a) [ 0, 2] (b) [ 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, ∞ ) (d) [ −2, 0]

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 π 3π 
184. The function which is neither is neither decreasing nor increasing in  ,  is
2 2 
(a) cosec x (b) tan x (c) x 2 (d) x − 1
x −1
185. The function f ( x ) = , ( x ≠ 1) is increasing on the interval
x +1
(a) ( −∞, 0] (b) [ 0, ∞ ) (c) R (d) None of these
186. For which value of x, the function f ( x ) = x 2 − 2 x is decreasing ?
(a) x ≥ 1 (b) x ≥ 2 (c) x ≤ 1 (d) x ≤ 2
187. The function f ( x ) = tan x − x
(a) Always increases (b) Always decreases
(c) Never decreases (d) Sometimes increases and sometimes decreases
2x
188. The function f ( x ) = log (1 + x ) − is increasing on
2+ x
(a) [ 0, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞, 0] (c) ( −∞, ∞ ) (d) None of these
189. The function f defined by f ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) e − x is
(a) Decreasing for all x (b) Decreasing in ( −∞,1] and increasing in [ −1, ∞ )
(c) Increasing for all x (d) Decreasing in [ −1, ∞ ) and increasing in ( −∞, −1]
190. Function f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 9 x 2 + 12 x + 29 is monotonically decreasing, when
(a) x ≤ 2 (b) x ≥ 2 (c) x ≥ 1 (d) 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
log x
191. The function f ( x ) = is increasing in the interval
x
(a) [1, 2e] (b) [ 0, e] (c) [ 2, 2e] (d) [1/ e, 2e]
192. If f ( x ) = x, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, then function f ( x ) is
(a) Increasing (b) Decreasing (c) Stationary (d) Discontinuous
193. If f ( x ) = x − 10 x + 200 x − 10, then
3 2

(a) f ( x ) is decreasing in ( −∞,10] and increasing in [10, ∞ )

(b) f ( x ) is increasing in ( −∞,10] and decreasing in [10, ∞ )
(c) f ( x ) is increasing throughout real line (d) f ( x ) is decreasing throughout real line
x2
−
194. The function f ( x ) = 1 − e 2
is
(a) decreasing for all x (b) increasing foe all x
(c) decreasing for x ≤ 0 and increasing for x ≥ 0 (d) increasing for x ≤ 0 and decreasing for x ≥ 0
195. If f ( x ) = sin x − cos x, the function decreasing in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is
 5π 3π  π π   3π 5π 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  ,  (d) None of these
 6 4  4 2  2 2 
196. The function f ( x ) = ( x ( x − 2 ) ) is increasing in the set
2

(a) ( −∞, 0] ∪ [ 2, ∞ ) (b) ( −∞,1] (c) [ 0,1] ∪ ( 2, ∞ ] (d) [1, 2]

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198. The function f ( x ) = ax + b is strictly increasing for all real x if
(a) a > 0 (b) a < 0 (c) a = 0 (d) a ≤ 0
199. The length of the longest interval in which the function f ( x ) = 3sin x − 4sin 3 x is increasing, is
π π 3π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
3 2 2
200. The value of k for which the function f ( x ) = kx 3 − 9 x 2 + 9 x + 3 may be increasing on R are
(a) k ≥ 3 (b) k ≤ 3 (c) k < 3 (d) none of these
201. The function f ( x ) = sin x − bx + c will be increasing in the interval ( −∞, ∞ ) , if
(a) b ≤ 1 (b) b ≤ 0 (c) b < −1 (d) b ≥ 0
202. The function f ( x ) = sin x + cos x increases, if
4 4

π π 3π 3π 5π 5π 3π
(a) 0 ≤ x ≤ (b) ≤x≤ (c) ≤x≤ (d) ≤x≥
8 4 8 8 8 8 4
203. The values of ' a ' for which the function f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x 3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1 decreases monotonically
throughout for all real x. are
(a) a ≤ −2 (b) a ≥ −2 (c) −3 ≤ a ≤ 0 (d) −∞ ≤ a ≤ −3
204. The function f ( x ) = cos x − 2 px is monotonically decreasing for
1 1
(a) p < (b) p > (c) p < 2 (d) p > 2
2 2
205. Let f ( x ) = x 3 + bx 2 + cx + d , 0 < b 2 < c. Then, f
(a) is bounded (b) has a local maxima (c) has a local minima (d) is strictly incrasing
3
206. If f ( x ) = x ( 3x − 10 ) , x ≥ 0, then f ( x ) is increasing in
2

(a) ( −∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (b) [ 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, − 1) ∪ [ 2, ∞ ) (d) ( −∞, 0] ∪ ( 2, ∞ )

207. The function f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) is an increasing function in
π π   π π  π  π π
(a)  ,  (b)  − ,  (c)  0,  (d)  − , 
4 2  2 4  2  2 2
 π 3π 
208. Let f ( x ) = log ( sin x + cos x ) , x ∈  − ,  . The f is strictly increasing in the interval
 4 4 
 π π  3π  π π   π 3π 
(a)  − ,  (b)  0,  (c)  ,  (d)  , 
 4 4  8  4 2 2 4 
209. Let f be a function such that f ( x ) and f ′ ( x ) have opposite signs for all x ∈ R. Then
(a) f ( x ) is an increasing function (b) f ( x ) is a decreasing function
(c) f ( x ) is decreasing function (d) f ( x ) is an increasing function
1 1
210. Let g ( x ) = − , x ∈ R + then
ln (1 + x ) x
(a) 1 < g ( x ) < 2 (b) −1 < g ( x ) < 0 (c) 0 < g ( x ) < 1 (d) none of these
211. Let f ( x, y ) = x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 − 6 x − 2 y, where x, y ∈ R, then
(a) f ( x, y ) ≥ −11 (b) f ( x, y ) ≥ −10 (c) f ( x, y ) > −11 (d) f ( x, y ) > −12

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212. If f ′ ( x ) = x − { x} , where { x} denotes the fractional part of x, then f ( x ) is strictly decreasing in
 1  1   1  1 
(a)  − , 0 (b)  , 2 (c)  − , 2 (d)  , ∞ 
 2  2   2  2 
m
213. Let m and n be odd integers such that 0 < m < n. If f ( x ) = x n for x ∈ R, then
(a) f ( x ) is differentiable every where (b) f ′ ( 0 ) exists
(c) f increases on ( 0, ∞ ) and decreases on ( −∞, 0 )
(d) f increases on R
(
214. Which one of the following statements does not hold good for the function f ( x ) = cos −1 2 x 2 − 1 ? )
(a) f is not differentable at x = 0 (b) f is non monotonic
(c) f is even (d) f has an extremum
215. If the function f : R → R given by f ( x ) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 5sin 2 x is an increasing function then
(a) a 2 − 3b + 15 > 0 (b) a 2 − 3b + 15 < 0 (c) a 2 + 3b − 15 < 0 (d) a 2 − 3b − 15 < 0
 ex , x < 0,
216. Which is true about the behaviour of the function f ( x ) =  for x ∈ R
ln (1 + x ) + 1, x ≥ 0
(a) strictly decreases in R (b) strictly increases in R + only
(c) Strictly increases in R only (d) non monotonous in R
 1, x<0
217. The behaviour of the function f ( x ) =  3 for x ∈ R is
 x + 1, x ≥ 0
(a) strictly increasing (b) strictly decreasing
(c) non increasing (d) non decreasing
 x, x ≤ 0
 
218. The behaviour of the function f ( x ) =  1  at x = 0
 x sin x , x ≥ 0 
(a) strictly increasing (b) strictly decreasing
(c) non monotonous (d) nothing can be said

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SOLUTION OF INCREASING DECREASING ( )

Only one option is correct.
1. Ans. (b), f ( x ) to be increasing f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 27 ≥ 0 ⇒ x2 ≥ 9 ⇒ x ≥ 3
1
2. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = sin x −
x
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = cos x − ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for increasing function.
2 2
1 1 π π
⇒ cos x ≥ . We know that cos x = ⇒ x = − and
2 2 3 3
−π π
It is clear that this inequality is satisfied for ≤x≤ .
3 3
3. Ans. (b), f ( x ) will be monotonically decreasing, if f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = − sin x − 2 p ≤ 0 , ∀ x∈R
1 1
⇒ sin x + p ≥ 0 , ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ p ≥ − sin x π π
2 2 −
2 2
1
⇒ p is greater than greatest value of − sin x . π π
2 −
3 3
1
Hence, p ≥
2
2x 1 4 x2
4. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = log e (1 + x ) − ⇒ f ′( x) = − ⇒ f ′( x) =
2+ x 1 + x ( 2 + x )2 ( x + 1)( x + 2 )
2

Obviously, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x in domain . ⇒ x > −1 i.e., x ∈ ( −1, ∞ ) ⇒ x > 0 i.e., x ∈ ( 0, ∞ )

Hence, f ( x ) is increasing on ( 0, ∞ ) .

5. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) e − x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = e − x − e − x ( x + 2 ) ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = −e− x [ x + 1]

For increasing, −e − x ( x + 1) ≥ 0 or e− x ( x + 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x + 1) ≤ 0 [∵ e− x is always positive term]
∴ x ∈ ( −∞, − 1) Hence, the function is increasing in ( −∞, − 1] . For decreasing, −e − x ( x + 1) ≤ 0
⇒ ( x + 1) ≥ 0, x ∈ [ −1, ∞ ) Hence, the function is decreasing in [ −1, ∞ ) .
2 2
6. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = 3 x + ⇒ f ′ ( 3) = 3 −
x x2
Clearly, f ′ ( x ) > 0 on the interval (1, 3) . ∴ f ( x ) is strictly increasing.
1 1 dy 1 log e x 1 − log e x
7. Ans. (c), Let y = x1/ x , x > 0 ⇒ log e y = log e x ⇒ = − 2 =
x y dx x 2 x x2

⇒
dy  1 − log e x  Now,
= x1/ x  
x1/ x > 0 for all x > 0 and 1 − log
2
e x
≥0
dx  x2  x

⇒ 1 − log e x ≥ 0 ∵ x 2 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R − {0}

⇒ x ≤ e i.e., x ∈ ( −∞, e] , but in the given option (1, e ) lies in ( −∞, e] . ∴ dy > 0 in (1, e )
dx
and similarly, 1 − log
2
e x
< 0 in [ e, ∞ ) . Hence, f ( x ) is increasing in (1, e ) and decreasing in [ e, ∞ ) .
x
8. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = cos x − 2ax + b = cos x − 2ax + b ∵ cos ( − x ) = cos x 

th
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∴ f ′ ( x ) = − sin x − 2a ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ − sin x − 2a ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R . ∴ sin x + 2a ≤ 0 ∀ x ∈ R
sin x sin x 1
⇒ a≤− for all x ⇒ a ≤ (least value of − ) ⇒a≤− .
2 2 2
9. Ans. (c), ∵ f ( x ) = x x , x > 0 ⇒ log f ( x ) = x log x [taking log in both sides]

f ′( x) 1
Now, differentiating w.r.t. x , we get = x . + 1.log x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = f ( x )(1 + log x )
f ( x) x
∴ f ′ ( x ) = x x (1 + ln x ) ≤ 0 (given) ⇒ 1 + ln x ≤ 0 ∵ x x > 0, ∀ x > 0  ⇒ ln x ≤ −1 ⇒ x ≤ e −1
 1
∴ x ∈  0,  [∵ x > 0]
 e
10. Ans. (c), f ′ ( x ) = e x ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 [∵ e x is always positive]

⇒ 1 < x < 2 i.e., x ∈ [1, 2]

log e x 1 log e x 1 − log e x
11. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = , x > 0 ⇒ f ′( x) = 2 − =
x x x2 x2
For f ( x ) is increasing, 1 − log e x ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 ≥ log e x ⇒ x ≤ e . ∴ f ( x ) is increasing in the interval ( 0, e] .

12.
x 1− x x 1− x x 1− x
{
Ans. (a), f ′ ( x ) = 1. e ( ) + x.e ( ) . (1 − 2 x ) = e ( ) 1 + x (1 − 2 x ) }
= e x(1− x ) . ( −2 x 2 + x + 1) = e x(1− x ) ( 2 x + 1)(1 − x )
1  1 
⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0, if ( 2 x + 1)(1 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ ( 2 x + 1)( x − 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ − ≤ x ≤ 1 ⇒ x ∈  − , 1 ,
2  2 
So, f ( x ) is increasing on  − 1 , 1 .
 
 2 
13. Ans. (d), If f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1 decreases monotonically for all x ∈ R, then f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 for all
3

x∈R.
⇒ 3 ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 6ax + 9a ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R ⇒ ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 2ax + 3a ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
Then, must have coeff. of x 2 is negative and discriment will be non-positive.
⇒ a + 2 < 0 and Discriminant ≤ 0 ⇒ a < −2, − 8a 2 − 24a ≤ 0 ⇒ a < −2 and a ( a + 3) ≥ 0
⇒ a < −2, a ≤ −3 or a ≥ 0 ⇒ a ≤ −3 ⇒ − ∞ < a ≤ −3
14. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = 1 − x3 − x5 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = −3x 2 − 5 x 4 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 for all values of x .
e2 x − 1 e −2 x − 1 1 − e 2 x e2 x − 1
15. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = 2 x ⇒ f ( − x ) = −2 x = ⇒ f ( − x) = − 2x = − f ( x) s
e +1 e + 1 1 + e2 x e +1
2x
4e 2 x
f ( x ) is an odd function. Again, f ( x ) = e2 x − 1 ⇒ f ′( x) = > 0 ∀ x∈R
e +1 (1 + e )2x 2

⇒ f ( x ) is an increasing function.
dy 1 1 
16. Ans. (a), Alternate (a) : Let y = 3 x 2 − 2 x + 1 ⇒ = 6x − 2 ≥ 0 ∴x≥ ⇒ x∈ , ∞
dx 3 3 
dy
Alternate (b) : Let y = x3 + 6 x 2 + 6 ∴ = 3 x 2 + 12 x ≥ 0 ∴ x ∈ ( −∞, − 4] ∪ [ 0, ∞ )
dx
dy 2
Alternate (c) : Let y = x3 − 3 x 2 + 3 x + 3 ∴ = 3 x 2 − 6 x + 3 = 3 ( x − 1) ≥ 0 ∴ x ∈ ( −∞, ∞ )
dx

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dy
Alternate (d) : Let y = 2 x 3 − 3 x 2 − 12 x + 6 ∴ = 6 x 2 − 6 x − 12 = 6 ( x − 2 )( x + 1) ≥ 0
dx
∴ x ∈ ( −∞, − 1] ∪ [ 2, ∞ )
17. Ans. (b) f ′ ( x ) = − sin x + a 2 ⇒ a 2 ≥ sin x ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ a 2 ≥ 1 ⇒ a ∈ ( −∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞ )

18. Ans. (d), f ′ ( x ) < 0 ⇒ −3 x 2 + 8ax + 2 < 0 ⇒ 3 x 2 − 8ax − 2 > 0 ⇒ D<0 ⇒ 64a 2 + 24 < 0
∴ No real value of a .
g′( x) π
19. Ans. (a), f ′ ( x ) = > 0 for 0 < x <
1 + ( g ( x )) 2
2

 π
∴ f ( x ) is increasing in  0,  (∵ g ′ ( x ) > 0 as g ( x ) is monotonically increasing).
 2
20. Ans. (b), Let f ( x ) = e x − 10 x so f ′ ( x ) = e x − 10 Now e x − 10 > 0 ⇒ x > log e 10
Hence f increases for x > log e 10. In particular x > 18 ⇒ f ( x ) > f (18 )
⇒ e x − 10 x > e18 − 180 > 0.
So e x > 10 x for x > 18. also in particular e x > 10 x for x > 20.
However, e x > 10 x is not true for all x > 3 ∵ e3 < 33 < 27 < 30
1
log x.1 − x.
21. Ans. (c), f ( x ) =
x
is defined for x > 0 and x ≠ 1 .Also, f ′ ( x ) = x = log x − 1
log x ( log x )
2
( log x )
2

∴ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ log x ≥ 1 ⇒ x ≥ e . ∴ x ∈ [ e, ∞ ) .
22. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = sin x − bx + c ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = cos x − b ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R .
⇒ cos x ≤ b, ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ b ≥ (maximum value of cos x ) ⇒ b ≥ 1
a−2
23. Ans. (d), f ′ ( x ) = 2
⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 if a ≥ 2 (∵ f ( x ) in increasing)
( sin x + cos x )
24. Ans. (a), Let x1 , x2 ∈ R such that x1 < x2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) ≤ f ( x2 ) (∵ f is increasing)

⇒ g ( f ( x1 ) ) ≤ g ( f ( x2 ) ) (∵ g is increasing) ⇒ ( gof )( x1 ) ≤ ( gof )( x2 ) ⇒ gof is increasing.

25. Ans. (a), Let x1 , x2 ∈ R such that x1 < x2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) ≥ f ( x2 ) (∵ f is a decreasing function)

⇒ g ( f ( x1 ) ) ≤ ( gof )( x2 ) (∵ g is a decreasing function) ⇒ ( gof )( x1 ) ≤ ( gof )( x2 )

⇒ gof is an increasing function.
26. Ans. (b), Let x1 , x2 ∈ I and x1 < x2 ⇒ g ( x1 ) ≥ g ( x2 ) (∵ g is a decreasing function on I )

⇒ f ( g ( x1 ) ) ≥ f ( g ( x2 ) ) (∵ f is an increasing function on I ) ⇒ ( fog )( x1 ) ≥ ( fog )( x2 )

⇒ fog is a decreasing function on I .
g ( x)
x 2 +1
Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) =
2
27. ∫ e − t dt .Applying Leibnitz formula f ( x ) = ∫ h ( t ) dt
x2
φ( x)

( ) − 2 xe − x
2
 −( x +1) 
2
− x 2 +1
We get, f ′ ( x ) = 2 xe − e − x  for f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) > 0
4 2 4
= 2x  e
 
 −( x2 +1) 4  ( ) ]
2 2
4 − x 2 +1
⇒ 2x  e − e− x  ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≤ 0 [as e− x > e
 

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∴ f ( x ) is increasing on ( −∞, 0] .
28. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x3 + 4 x 2 + 40 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 8 x .

For f ( x ) to be monotonic decreasing f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0

+ +
⇒ x ( 4 x 2 − 12 x + 8 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ( x2 − 3x + 2 ) ≤ 0
− 0 1 − 2
⇒ x ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 0] ∪ [1, 2] .
29. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) = sin x − cos x − ax + b .

On differentiating w.r.t. x , we get f ′ ( x ) = cos x + sin x − a

For f ( x ) to be decreasing function, f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 ⇒ cos x + sin x − a ≤ 0

π
⇒ a ≥ cos x + sin x ⇒ a ≥ 2  1 cos x + 1 sin x  ⇒ a ≥ 2 sin  x + 
 2 2   4
 π
⇒ a ≥ greatest value of 2 sin  x +  ⇒ a≥ 2
 4
 2π 
30. Ans. (b), We have, f ( x ) = x − e x + tan   ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 1 − ex
 7 
For f ( x ) to be increasing, we must have f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 − e x ≥ 0 ⇒ e x ≤ 1 ⇒ x ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 0]
π
31. Ans. (c), Given, g ( u ) = 2 tan −1 eu − ( ) 2
, for u ∈ ( −∞, ∞ ) .

π π π  π
( )
Now, g ( −u ) = 2 tan −1 e −u −
2 2
( 2
)
= 2  − tan −1 ( eu )  − = −g ( u )
= 2 cot −1 ( eu ) −
 2
 π −1 u  1
∵ cot e = 2 − tan e  . ∴ g ( u ) is an odd function. Also, g ′ ( u ) = 2
−1 u
. eu > 0 for all u ∈ R .
1 + ( eu )
2

Hence, it is strictly increasing in ( −∞, ∞ ) .

32. Ans. (c), Let f ( x ) = x 7 + 14 x5 + 16 x3 + 30 x − 560 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 7 x 6 + 70 x 4 + 48 x 2 + 30 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R

∴ f ( x ) is always increasing y
f ( x)
∴ f ( x ) = 0 has only one solution.

( )
2 x
33. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) = 9 − x 2

⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 ( 9 − x 2 ) ( −2 x )

Now, put f ′ ( x ) = 0
− + − +
⇒ 2 (9 − x 2
) ( −2 x ) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, ± 3 −3 0 3
Sign scheme of f ′ ( x )
For, f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0

⇒ x ∈ ( −3, 0] ∪ [3, ∞ ) .
34. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) = x3 − 6 x 2 − 36 x + 7 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 12 x − 36

(
For f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 3 x 2 − 4 x − 12 ≥ 0 ⇒ ) ( x − 6 )( x + 2 ) ≥ 0
⇒ x ≥ 6 or x ≤ −2
35. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) = x 2 e− x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 xe − x − x 2 e− x For, f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0

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⇒ 2 xe − x − x 2 e− x ≥ 0 ⇒ e x ( 2 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [ 0, 2] .
−x

36. Ans. (b), Since, f ( x ) = 3 x 4 + 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 12 −2 + +

0 − 1
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 12 x 3 + 12 x 2 − 24 x = 12 x ( x 2 + x − 2 ) = 12 x ( x − 1)( x + 2 ) ≥ 0 .

For above it is clear that f ( x ) is increasing in [ −2, 0] and in [1, ∞ ) .

37. Ans. (c), Let f ( x ) = x 2 − x + 1 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 x − 1 , which is possible to be both + ve and −ve for x ∈ [ 0,1]
Thus, function is neither increasing nor decreasing.
38. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = cot −1 x + x

1 x2
⇒ f ′( x) = − + 1 = , clearly, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x . So, f ( x ) increases in ( −∞, ∞ ) .
1 + x2 1 + x2
π π
39. Ans. (a), Since, 2π k − ≤ x ≤ 2π k + ⇒ x lies in fourth or first quadrant
2 2
dy
Now, y = sin x ⇒ = cos x . Which is clearly positive if x lies in fourth or first quadrant.
dx
Hence, y = sin x is increasing in given interval.
π  π  π π
and for x = 2kπ − , y = sin  2kπ −  = sin  −  = − sin = −1
2  2  2 2
π  π π
and for x = 2kπ + , y = sin  2kπ +  = sin = 1
2  2 2
40. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = x3 + ax 2 + bx + 5sin 2 x is increasing on R ⇒ f ′ ( x ) > 0 for all x ∈ R

⇒ 3 x 2 + 2ax + b + 5sin 2 x > 0 for all x ∈ R ⇒ 3 x 2 + 2ax + b > −5sin 2 x for all x
⇒ 3 x 2 + 2ax + b > greatest value of −5sin 2x ⇒ 3 x 2 + 2ax + b > 5
⇒ 3 x 2 + 2ax + b − 5 > 0 For this, discriminant < 0 & coeff. of x 2 > 0
2
⇒ ( 2a ) − 4.3 ( b − 5 ) < 0 ⇒ 4a 2 − 4.3 ( b − 5 ) < 0 ⇒ a 2 − 3b + 15 < 0
 π π
41. Ans. (c), If f ( x ) = 2 tan x + ( 2a + 1) log e sec x + ( a − 2 ) x is increasing in  2nπ − , 2nπ + 
 2 2
 π π
Then f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for in  2nπ − , 2nπ +  . ⇒ 2sec 2 x + ( 2a + 1) tan x + ( a − 2 ) ≥ 0
 2 2
 π π
⇒ 2 tan 2 x + ( 2a + 1) tan x + a ≥ 0 in  2nπ − , 2nπ + 
 2 2
⇒ 2t 2 + ( 2a + 1) t + a ≥ 0 ( where t = tan x ) For all value of t ∈R, this discriminant must be ≤ 0
2 2 1
⇒ ( 2a + 1) − 8a ≤ 0 ⇒ ( 2a − 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ a = .
2
42. Ans. (b), We have, f ( x ) = 2sin 3 x − 3sin 2 x + 12sin x + 5

⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 6sin 2 x cos x − 6sin x cos x + 12 cos x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 6 ( sin 2 x − sin x + 2 ) cos x

Since discriminant of the quadratic sin 2 x − sin x + 2 in sin x is negative,

∴ sin 2 x − sin x + 2 is positive for all x ∈ R
⇒ Sign of f ′ ( x ) is same as that of cos x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ [ 0, π / 2]
⇒ f ( x ) is increasing on [ 0, π / 2] .

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 xe ax , x≤0
43. Ans. (c), f ( x ) =  . Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0 .
2 3
 x + ax − x , x > 0

Let g ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) =  (
 1 + ax ) e ax , x ≤ 0
2
1 + 2ax − 3x , x ≥ 0
g ( x ) is also continuous and also differentiable at x = 0. ∴ g ′ ( 0+ ) = 2a and g ′ ( 0 − ) = 2a
a ( 2 + ax ) e ax , x ≤ 0
∴ g′( x) =  . For f ′ ( x ) to be increasing, we must have f ′′ ( x ) > 0 .
 2a − 6 x , x≥0
Now, two cases are arise :
Case I : When x ≤ 0 : In this case, we have, f ′′ ( x ) > 0 ⇒ ( 2 + ax ) ae ax ≥ 0 ∵ a > 0 and e ax > 0 
2
⇒ x≥− ∴ x ∈ [ −2 / a, 0] …(1)
a
a
Case II : When x ≥ 0 : In this case, we have, f ′′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 2a − 6 x ≥ 0 ⇒ 2a ≥ 6 x ⇒ x ≤
3
∴ x ∈ [ 0, a / 3] …(2)

we find that f ′ ( x ) is increasing for x ∈ [ −2 / a, 0] ∪ [ 0, a / 3] ⇒ x ∈ [ −2 / a, a / 3] .

44. Ans. (b), Let f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 5 and g ( x ) = 9 x 2 − 12 x .

d d
Then, f ( x ) increases less rapidly than g ( x ) means that
dx
( f ( x )) < ( g ( x ))
dx
d
⇒
dx
( f ( x) − g ( x)) < 0 ⇒ f ′ ( x) − g′ ( x) < 0 ⇒ 6 x 2 − (18 x − 12 ) < 0 ⇒ x ∈ (1, 2 ) .

45. Ans. (b,c), Consider the function f ( x ) given by f ( x ) = x tan x, x ∈ ( 0, π / 2 ) .

 π
We have, f ′ ( x ) = tan x + x sec 2 x > 0, ∀ x ∈ ( 0, π / 2 ) ⇒ f ( x ) is increasing on  0, 
 2
α tan β
Hence, α < β ⇒ f (α ) < f ( β ) ⇒ α tan α < β tan β ⇒ <
β tan α
x ⋅ sec2 x − tan x sec x ( x − sin x ⋅ cos x )
2
tan x
Also if we suppose g ( x ) = ⇒ g ( x) =
′ =
x x2 x2
We know that for all +ve values of x
 π
x > sin x Hence x > sin x ⋅ cos x ⇒ g ′ ( x ) > 0 for x ∈  0, 
 2
tan α tan β
∴If α < β ⇒ g (α ) < g ( β ) ⇒ < Hence (c) is correct choice
α β
46. Ans. (d), Consider the functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) given by f ( x ) = tan x − x and g ( x ) = x − sin x , for
π
0≤ x< .
2
We have, f ′ ( x ) = sec 2 x − 1 and g ′ ( x ) = 1 − cos x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 and g ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ [ 0, π / 2 )

⇒ f ( x ) ≥ f ( 0 ) and g ( x ) ≥ g ( 0 ) for all x ∈ [ 0, π / 2 ) ⇒ tan x − x ≥ 0 and x − sin x ≥ 0

for all x ∈ [ 0, π / 2 ) ⇒ tan x ≥ x and x ≥ sin x for all x ∈ [ 0, π / 2 )
⇒ sin x < x < tan x for all x ∈ [ 0, π / 2 ) .

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Alternative : It also clear from the graph.
47. Ans. (a), For f ( x ) to be strictly increasing or strictly decreasing, we must have, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 or, f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 for
all x ∈ R
⇒ 3 − 2a sin x ≥ 0 , or, 3 − 2a sin x ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R ⇒ 2a sin x ≤ 3 for all x ∈ R or, 2a sin x ≥ 3 for all x ∈ R
⇒ 2a ≤ 3 or, − 2a ≥ 3 [∵ Max 2a sin x = 2a & Min. 2a sin x = − 2a ]
3
⇒ 2a ≤ 3 , or a ∈ φ ⇒ a ≤ ⇒ a ∈ [ −3 / 2, 3 / 2] .
2
48. (
Ans. (a), We have, f ( x ) = e ax + e− ax ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = e ax − e − ax a )
For f ( x ) to be increasing, we must have, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ a e ax − e − ax ≥ 0( ) ⇒ eax − e − ax ≤ 0 [∵ a < 0]
⇒ e− bx − ebx ≤ 0 where, a = −b and b > 0 ⇒ ebx − e− bx ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 0 Hence, S = { x : x ≥ 0} .
x2
1 1 1  x−2 1
49. Ans. (a), We have, f ( x ) = ∫ ( log t ) dt ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 x − = ×
( log x ) ( log x )
2 2
2 2 2
x  2  ( log x )
Clearly, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x ≥ 2 . Hence, f ( x ) is increasing on [ 2, ∞ ) .

1 1 x 2 − x − 2 ( x − 2 )( x + 1)
x
 t x
50. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) =  ∫0  t + 2 t 
− dt ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = − = =
x + 2 x x ( x + 2) x ( x + 2)
For f ( x ) to be decreasing , we must have f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0

( x − 2 )( x + 1) ≤ 0 + − + − +
⇒ ⇒ x ∈ ( −2, − 1] ∪ ( 0, 2] −∞ −2 −1 0 2 ∞
x ( x + 2)
51. Ans. (c), Let f ( x ) = x3 and g ( x ) = 6 x 2 + 15 x + 5 .

It is given that the rate of increase of f ( x ) is less than that of g ( x ) .

+ − +
d d −1 5
Therefore,
dx
( f ( x )) < ( g ( x ))
dx
⇒ 3 x 2 < 12 x + 15 ⇒ x2 − 4x − 5 < 0 ⇒ ( x − 5 )( x + 1) < 0 ⇒ −1 < x < 5 ⇒ x ∈ ( −1, 5)

52. ( )
Ans. (b), We have, f ( x ) + f ( − x ) = log e x 3 + x 6 + 1 + log e − x3 + x 6 + 1 ( )
= log e  x 6 + 1 − x 6  = log e 1 = 0 [∵ log e a + log e b = log e ab ] ⇒ f ( − x ) = − f ( x )

(
So, f ( x ) is an odd function. Now, f ( x ) = log x 3 + x 6 + 1 )
1  2 6 x5  3x 2
⇒ f ′( x) = 3 x + = ≥ 0, ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ f ( x ) is increasing.
x3 + x6 + 1  2 x6 + 1  x6 + 1
53. ( )
Ans. (c), Let f ( x ) = 1 + log e x + x 2 + 1 − x 2 + 1

(
Clearly, f ( x ) is defined for all x ∈ R . Now, f ′ ( x ) = log e x + x 2 + 1 + ) x
2
x +1
−
2
x
x +1

( )
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = log e x + x 2 + 1 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R [∵ x + x 2 + 1 ≥ 1 for all x ∈ R ]

⇒ f ( x ) is increasing on R ⇒ f ( x ) ≥ f ( 0 ) for all x ≥ 0

( )
⇒ 1 + x log e x + x 2 + 1 − 1 + x 2 ≥ 0 for all x ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 + x log e x + x 2 + 1 ≥ 1 + x 2 ( ) for all x ≥ 0

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x +1 1 1
54. Ans. (c), We have, f ( x ) = 1 x +1 1
1 1 x +1
1 0 0 x +1 1 1 x +1 1 1
⇒ f ′( x) = 1 x +1 1 + 0 1 0 + 1 x +1 1
1 1 x +1 1 1 x +1 0 0 1

{ }
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1) − 1 = 3 ( x 2 + 2 x ) For f ( x ) to be increasing, we must have f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0
2

⇒ 3 ( x 2 + 2 x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x 2 + 2 x ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x + 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈ R − ( −2, 0 )

55. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) = xe1− x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = e1− x (1 − x ) < 0 for all x ∈ (1, ∞ )

So, f ( x ) strictly decreases in (1, ∞ ) .

56. (
Ans. (c), We have, f ( x ) = 1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + 4 x3 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 + 6 x + 12 x 2 = 2 6 x 2 + 3 x + 1 > 0 for all x ∈ R )
⇒ f ( x ) is strictly increasing on R ⇒ f ( x ) = 0 has only one real root.
 1  1 
Now, f  −  > 0 and f ( 0 ) > 0 .Here is no change of sign in the interval  − , 0 
 4  4 
 1 
∴ Root can’t be lies in the interval  − , 0  . Similarly, checked options (b) & (d).
 4 
3 1
Now, f ( −3 / 4 ) < 0 and f ( −1/ 2 ) > 0 ⇒ f ( x ) = 0 has a real root between − and −
4 2
 3 1
Also, f ( x ) is strictly increasing on R . So, f ( x ) has exactly one real root in the interval  − , − .
 4 2
 π
57. Ans. (a), Let f ( x ) = log sin x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = cot x is positive if x ∈  0, 
 2 f ′ ( x ) = cot x

 π
Hence, function is increasing on the interval  0, .
 2 0 π /2

58. Ans. (b), Since, f ( x ) = x 2 + ax + 5 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 x + a . ∵ f ( x ) is an increasing function in [ 2,3]

∴ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 2 x + a ≥ 0 ⇒ a ≥ −2 x ⇒ a ≥ max value of ( −2x ) ⇒ a ≥ −2 ( 2 ) ⇒ a ≥ −4 .

y
59. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x )
cos x − sin x ( 0,1)
f ′( x) = x
sin

2
1 + ( sin x + cos x ) co
s
x

π x
Since, f ( x ) is increasing, y = cos x − 0 π π
2 4 2
∴ f ′( x) ≥ 0
cos x − sin x
⇒ 2
≥0 ⇒ cos x − sin x ≥ 0 ⇒ cos x ≥ sin x
1 + ( sin x + cos x )
 π π
From graph value of cos x is greater then sin x in  − ,  .
 2 4

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60. Ans. (d), In case of strictly decreasing function, y
slope of tangent and

f
(x )
hence derivative is either negative or zero.

=−
x
x
For example, consider the function f ( x ) = − x3

3
  π π 
61. Ans. (a), f ' ( x ) = sec2 x − 4 < 0 2
∵ x ∈ − ,  ⇒ 1 ≤ sec x < 2 ⇒ 1 ≤ sec x < 4 
  3 3 
 π π
∴ f ( x ) is decreasing in  − ,  .
 3 3

Ans. (c), f ' ( x ) =

d  −1  2 x   2 1 − x2
>0
( )
62. sin  2 
=
dx   1 + x  1 − x2 1 + x 2 ( )
This satisfies only if 1 − x 2 > 0 ⇒ x 2 < 1 ⇒ x < 1 . But as the given function is defined at x = 1, −1 .
Also, Hence, f is strictly increasing on [ − 1, 1 ] .

d  −1  1 − x 2  
63. Ans. (b), For the function to be strictly decreasing f ' ( x ) = cos  2 
dx   1 + x 
x
= < 0 . This satisfies only if x < 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 0 ) .
(
x 1+ x2 )
Hence, But as the given function is defined at x = 0 also, f is strictly decreasing on ( −∞, 0] .

( )
Ans. (a), Given ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = e x − x 1 + x − 2 x 2 . For f ( x ) to be increasing f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 .
2
64.

 1 
( )
Hence, e x − x 1 + x − 2 x 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 2 x 2 − x − 1 ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 1)( 2 x + 1) ≤ 0 . ∴ x ∈  − ,1
2

 2 
65. (
Ans. (a), ∵ g ( x ) = min x, x 2 ) y
It is clear from the graph that g ( x ) is an increasing function.

1
66. Ans. (b), Since, f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) .∴ f ′ ( x ) = 2 ( cos x − sin x )
1 + ( sin x + cos x )
 π
2 cos  x + 
 4
= 2
. f ( x ) is increasing, if f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0
1 + ( sin x + cos x )
π π π 3π π  π π
which is true if − ≤ x+ ≤ ⇒− ≤ x ≤ . Hence, f ( x ) is increasing when x ∈  − ,  .
2 4 2 4 4  2 4
67. Ans. (d), ∵ f ( x ) = − x3 + 4ax 2 + 2 x − 5 .∴ f ′ ( x ) = −3 x 2 + 8ax + 2

Since, f ( x ) is increasing , ∀ x, therefore f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 is required for all x ⇒ −3 x 2 + 8ax + 2 ≥ 0 for all x

As the coefficient of x 2 is −ve . Hence, from above, it is clear that for no value of a , f ( x ) is increasing for all
x.

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68. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = x 2 e − x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 xe− x − x 2 e − x = xe− x ( 2 − x ) . Since, f ( x ) is strictly increasing.

∴ f ′ ( x ) > 0 ⇒ xe − x ( 2 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( 2 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ⇒ x ∈ [ 0, 2] .
dy
69. Ans. (a), Given, y = x3 ⇒ = 3 x 2 ≥ 0. But equality is possible only at x = 0 .
dx
Hence, the function is strictly increasing.
1 x −1
70. Ans. (a), Let y = f ( x ) = ( x − 1) − log x. Then f ′ ( x ) = 1 − = ≥ 0 (∵ x ≥ 1)
x x
So f ( x ) is strictly increasing function on [1, ∞ )

So x ≥ 1 ⇒ f ( x ) > f (1) ⇒ ( x − 1) − log x > 0 ⇒ log x < x − 1

But x > 1 ⇒ x 2 − 1 > x − 1 Thus, x 2 − 1 > log x Also, x > 1 ⇒ log x > 0 ⇒ log x > 1 − x
2 e x −1 x x
Hence, e x −1 > x, e x −1
> x, e1− x < x. i.e. , > 1, x 2 −1 < 1, 1− x > 1
x e e
π
71. Ans. (a, c), We know that sin x < x if 0 < x < ….. (i)
2
 π
Since cos x is decreasing in  0,  , Hence, sin x < x ⇒ cos ( sin x ) > cos x
 2
π π
Also, since 0 < x < , ∴ 0 < cos x < 1 <
2 2
π
∴ Using (i) we have sin ( cos x ) < cos x Hence cos ( sin x ) > cos x > sin ( cos x ) if 0 < x <
2
72. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) = − x + 4ax + 2 x − 5
3 2
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = −3x + 8ax + 2
2

Since, f ( x ) is decreasing ∀x therefore f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 ⇒ − 3 x 2 + 8ax + 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ 3 x 2 − 8ax − 2 ≥ 0

for all x .But here D = 64a 2 + 24 > 0 Hence it is not possible for 3 x 2 − 8ax − 2 to be positive for all x
Hence for no value of a, f ( x ) is always decreasing.

73. Ans. (b), Let f ( x ) = x 7 + 14 x5 + 16 x3 + 30 x − 560

f ′ ( x ) = 7 x 6 + 70 x 4 + 48 x 2 + 30 > 0, ∀x ∈ R . f ( x ) is increasing, ∀x ∈ R .
∴ the graph of y = f ( x ) will cut x − axis only as it is a odd degree function
∴ f ( x ) = 0 has only one solution
1 2 2 1
74. Ans. (a), f ' ( x ) = − 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 2 ≤ ⇒ x 2 ≥ 4 ⇒ x ≥ 2 or x ≤ −2 .
2 x x 2
Also given, x ∈ [ −7, 7 ] and x ≠ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [ −7, −2] ∪ [ 2, 7 ] . Hence, option (a) is correct.
sin x − x cos x
75. Ans. (c), Given function ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = . As the function is increasing.
sin 2 x
Hence we require f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0

 π
Hence, sin x ≥ x cos x i.e., we require tan x ≥ x . But this is clearly true if x ∈  0, 
 2
 π
⇒ f ( x ) is increasing function in  0,  .
 2

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x
76. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = x − log (1 + x ) ⇒ f ( 0 ) = 0 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 in [ 0, ∞ ) and ≤ 0 in ( −1, 0]
1+ x
i.e., f ( x ) is increasing in ( 0, ∞ ] and decreasing in ( −1, 0] .

Hence, if x ≥ 0 ⇒ f ( x ) ≥ f ( 0 ) = 0 ⇒ f ( x ) ≥ 0 and if −1 < x ≤ 0 then f ( x ) ≥ f ( 0 ) ⇒ f ( x ) ≥ 0

Hence, f ( x ) ≥ 0 for x ∈ ( −1, ∞ ) .

77. Ans. (b), Let f ( x ) = e x − 1 − x then f ′ ( x ) = e x − 1 > 0 for x ∈ ( 0, 1)

∴ f ( x ) is an increasing function (a) Hence, x > 0 ⇒ f ( x ) > f ( 0 ) = 0 ⇒ e x − 1 − x > 0 ⇒ e x > 1 + x

1 x
(b) Let g ( x ) = log (1 + x ) − x Then g ′ ( x ) = −1 = − < 0, ∀ x ∈ ( 0, 1)
1+ x 1+ x
∴ g ( x ) is decreasing on ( 0, 1) ∴ x > 0 ⇒ g ( x ) < g ( 0 ) ⇒ log (1 + x ) − x < 0 ⇒ log (1 + x ) < x
We know that sin x < x for all + ve value of x and log x < x for all + ve value of x .

78.
x 1− x x 1− x
( x 1− x
)
Ans. (a), Given ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = e ( ) + e ( ) x (1 − 2 x ) = e ( ) 1 + x − 2 x 2 = e ( ) ( x − 1)(1 + 2 x ) ≥ 0
x 1− x

 −1 
For x ∈  ,1 . Hence, choice (a) is correct.
 2 
1
79. Ans. (b), Given f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x ) , x > 0 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2
× ( cos x − sin x )
1 + ( sin x + cos x )
cos x − sin x  π
= . Now, 2 + sin 2 x > 0 ∀ x . We know that cos x − sin x > 0 ∀ x ∈  0, 
2 + sin 2 x  4
 π  π
⇒ f ′ ( x ) > 0 ∀ x ∈ 0,  . Thus, f is strictly increasing in  0,  .
 4  4
80. Ans.(b),Step : For monotonically decreasing function f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 ; for all x ⇒ − sin x − 2a ≤ 0 for all x
⇒ 2a ≥ − sin x for all x ⇒ 2a ≥ 1 (As maximum value of − sin x = 1 )
1
⇒a≥ (∵ minimum value of sin x = −1 )
2
81. Ans. (a), A function is neither increasing nor decreasing if f ′ ( x ) is both positive and negative in the given
 π 3π 
interval  , 
2 2 
− cos x
For choice (a), f ( x ) = cosec x , f ′ ( x ) = −cosec x cot x ; f ′ ( x ) = > 0 in given interval.
sin 2 x
 π 3π 
But f ( x ) = cosec x is not defined at x = π in  ,  ∴ It is non monotonic.
2 2 
dy  π 3π 
For choice (b), y = tan x ⇒ = sec2 x > 0 . For x ∈  ,  . Hence, it is increasing.
dx 2 2 
dy  π 3π 
For choice (c), y = x 2 ⇒ = 2 x > 0 for x ∈  ,  . Hence, it is increasing.
dx 2 2 
dy
For choice (d), y = x − 1 = x − 1 if x > 1 ⇒ = 1 > 0 . Hence, it is increasing.
dx
82. Ans. (b), We know that if f ( x ) is monotonically increasing in [ a, b ] Then f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ [ a, b ]

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Now, f ( x ) = x 2 + ax + 1 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 x + a ≥ 0 for all x ∈ [1, 2] is true if a ≥ −2 x for all x ∈ [1, 2]

⇒ a ≥ greatest value of −2 x in the interval [1, 2] ⇒ a ≥ −2 ⇒ min. value of a = −2

83. Ans.(a), We have y = x − cot −1 x − log x + ( (1 + x ) ) ⇒ dy

2
= 1+
1
1+ x 2
−
1
dx 1 + x2
1+ x2 −1
= 1+ ≥ 1 > 0 for all x . Thus, the given function is increasing for all x ∈ ( −∞, ∞ )
1 + x2
84. Ans.(c), f is increasing ⇒ f ′ ≥ 0 . g is decreasing function ⇒ g ′ ≤ 0
Now, h ( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) ⇒ h′ ( x ) = f ′ ( g ( x ) ) ⋅ g ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 .

∴ h ( x ) is a decreasing function.
∴ h ( x ) ≤ h (1) if x ≥ 1 for all x ∈ [1,10] . ∴ h ( x ) ≤ 1 given h (1) = 1 But Co domain of h ( x ) is [1,10] .
Hence, h ( x ) ≥ 1 . ∴ h ( x ) = 1∀ x ∈ [1, 10] ∴ h ( 2) = 1

85. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = e x ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) dx For decreasing function f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0

∫
⇒ e ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≤ 0
x
⇒ 1≤ x ≤ 2

86. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = xe

x (1− x )
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = e x ( ) + (1 − 2 x ) xe ( ) = −e x(1− x ) 2 x 2 − x − 1
1− x x 1− x
( )
x (1− 2 x )  1 
= −e ( 2 x + 1)( x − 1) which is clearly positive for ∴ f ( x ) is increasing on  − ,1
 2 
 π π  π π
87. Ans. (a), 3sin x − 4sin 3 x = sin 3 x which increases for 3 x ∈  − ,  ⇒ x ∈ − , 
 2 2  6 6
π
whose length is
3
1 1  1 1  1  1 
88. Ans. (a,d), f ′ ( x ) = 2 − 2
+ = 2+ − 2  = 2+ 1 − =2≥0.
1+ x 1 + x2  1+ x 1+ x 
2
1 + x2  1 + x2 
∴ f ( x ) increases for all x ∈ ( −∞, ∞ )
89. Ans. (c), Define a function h ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) . Then, h ( x0 ) = f ( x0 ) − g ( x0 ) = 0

and h′ ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) − g ′ ( x ) > 0 ⇒ h ( x ) is increasing function for x > x0 .

Hence, if x > x0 then so, h ( x ) > h ( x0 ) . ∴ h ( x ) > 0 ⇒ f ( x ) > g ( x ) for all x > x0
1
−2
90. Ans. (a), Consider a function f ( x ) = x1/ x , x > 0 then f ′ ( x ) = x x (1 − In x ) ⇒ f ′ ( x ) > 0 if x<e
1 1
Hence, f ( x ) is decreasing function if x > e . ∴ f (101) > f ( 202 ) ⇒ (101)101 > ( 202 ) 202
202 101
∴(101) > ( 202 )
 2 1
( ) ( )
2 2
91. Ans. (a,c), we have h′ ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) 1 − 2 f ( x ) + 3 f ( x )  = 3 f ′ ( x )  f ( x ) − f ( x) +  .
   3 3
2
 1 2
= 3 f ′ ( x )   f ( x ) −  +  Note that h′ ( x ) < 0 whenever f ′ ( x ) < 0 and h′ ( x ) > 0 whenever f ′ ( x ) > 0
  3  9 
thus, h ( x ) increases whenever f ( x ) increases and h ( x ) decreases whenever f ( x ) decreases.

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2 2
92. Ans. (d), For choice (a) and (b), x < −1. then, x − 2 < x − 1 ⇒ ( x − 2 ) > ( x − 1) (∵ x − 2 < 0, x − 1 < 0 )
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( x − 2) −1 > ( x − 1) −1 ⇒ x − 2 ( x − 2) −1 > x −1 ( x − 1) − 1 (Note that x − 2 > x − 1 )
1 1 d
⇒ < ⇒ f ( x ) < 0 for x < 0.
2 2
x−2 ( x − 2) −1 x −1 ( x − 1) −1 dx

For choice (c), 1 < x < 2 ⇒ 0 < x − 1 < 1 ⇒ f ( x ) is not defined

(∵sec ( x − 1) is defined for

−1
x-1 > 1 ⇒ x − 1 > 1 or x − 1 < −1 ⇒ x > 2 or x < 0 )
dy 1 1
For choice (d), = − clearly for x < 0
2 2
dx x − 2 ( x − 2) −1 x −1 ( x − 1) −1
2 2 2 2
x − 2 < x − 1and x − 2 > x − 1 ⇒ ( x − 2 ) > ( x − 1) ⇒ ( x − 2 ) − 1 > ( x − 1) − 1
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( x − 2) −1 > ( x − 1) − 1 ⇒| x − 2 ( x − 2) −1 > x −1 ( x − 1) −1
1 1 dy
< ⇒ < 0 ⇒ y is decreasing for x < 0
2 2
x−2 ( x − 2) −1 ( x − 1) ( x − 1) −1 dx

 x2 x>0 dy  2 x x≥0 dy
93. Ans. (c), y = x x =  ⇒ = ⇒ ≥ 0 for all x ⇒ Given function always
− x
2
x≤0 dx −2 x x≤0 dx
increases for all x .
94. Ans. (a), If x ∈ [1, 2 ) ⇒ [ x ] = 1 . Hence, y = 11 = 1 and for x ∈ [ 2,3 ) ⇒ [ x ] = 2 . Hence, y = 22 = 4
[ x]
Also for x ∈ [3, 4 ) ⇒ [ x ] = 3 . Hence, y = 33 = 27 and so on. Hence, we find that y = [ x ] is increasing
function for all x ≥ 1 .
dy  π dy
95. Ans. (c), Given, y = cos ( sin x ) ⇒ = − sin ( sin x ) ⋅ cos x .Hence, in  0,  the value of is −ve also
dx  2 dx
 π  dy  π  dy π 
in  ,π  is + ve in  − , 0  is −ve . Hence, the given function is increasing in  , π 
 2  dx  2  dx 2 
dy
96. Ans. (d), y = sin ( sin x ) ⇒ = cos ( sin x ) ⋅ cos x which can be both + ve or −ve for real values of x .
dx
Hence, function is neither increasing nor decreasing if x ∈ R. or x ∈ R − or x ∈ R + .
dy
97. Ans. (b), y = cos ( cos x ) ⇒ = − sin ( cos x ) ⋅ ( − sin x ) = sin ( cos x ) ⋅ sin x .
dx
 −π  dy
In  , 0  the value of sin ( cos x ) is + ve (∵0 < cos x < 1) and sin x is −ve . Hence, is −ve .
 2  dx
 −π  dy
In  −π ,  the value of sin ( cos x ) is −ve and sin x is −ve . (∵− 1 < cos x < 0 ) Hence, is + ve .
 2  dx
 π dy
In  0,  the value of sin ( cos x ) is + ve and sin x is + ve (∵0 < cos x < 1) Hence, is + ve .
 2 dx
π  dy
In  , π  the value of sin ( cos x ) is −ve and sin x is + ve (∵− 1 < cos x < 0 ) Hence, is −ve .
2  dx
dy
∴ is decreasing in ( −π , 0 ) .
dx

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98. ( )
Ans. (b), As sin sin −1 x = x if x ∈ [ −1,1] and further x ∈ [ −1,1] ⇒ sin −1 ( sin x ) = x .

 π π
∵[ −1,1] ⊂  − ,  . Hence, given function becomes y = x 2 for x ∈ [ −1,1] .
 2 2
Now, y = x 2 is clearly increasing in ( 0,1)

99. Ans. (c), y = − x 3 + bx 2 − ax + c ⇒

dy
dx
( )
= −3 x 2 + 2bx − a = − 3 x 2 − 2bx + a but b 2 < 3a

( )
⇒ discriminant of 3 x 2 − 2bx + a is −ve .Hence, − 3 x 2 − 2bx + a is −ve for all x .
Hence, the function is always decreasing.
x −1 1 dy 1
100. Ans. (c), y = ⇒y= where x ≠ 1, 2 ⇒ =− .
( x − 1)( x − 2 ) x−2 dx ( x − 2)
2

Hence, −ve for all x ≠ 1, 2 . ∴ Given function is decreasing in R − {1, 2}

101. Ans. (d), for x ∈ [ 0,1) Given function is undefined and for x ∈ [1, 2 )
x
Given function is y = x . For x ∈ [ 2,3) Given function is y = .
2
−x
Similarly for −ve values of x we get the graph as If x ∈ [ −1, 0 ) , y = − x and if x ∈ [ −2, −1) , y = .
2
From the graph it is clear that correct choice is (d).
102. Ans. (a), For x = 3− the value of y = 6 − . For x = 3 the value of y = 9 . For x = 3+ the value of y = 9+
Hence, given function is increasing at x = 3 .
103. Ans. (a), For x = 24− the value of y is ( 2.4 × 2 ) = 4.8− . For x = 2.4+ the value of y is ( 2.4 × 2 ) = 4.8+
− +

and for x = 2.4 the value of y is 4.8 .

Hence, the function is increasing at x = 2.4 y

104. Ans. (b), As the graph of y = [ x ] − x is

It is clear from the graph that at every non – integral point
the function is decreasing. −1 1 2 x

105. Ans. (b), y = tan x ⋅ sin x ⇒

dy
dx
(
= sec2 x ⋅ sin x + tan x ⋅ cos x = sin x sec 2 x + 1 . )
dy  3π   3π 
Clearly, is −ve in  π , ∪ , 2π  . Hence, is decreasing in it.
dx  2   2 

106. Ans. (a), y = cot x ⋅ cos x ⇒

dy
dx
= −cosec2 x ⋅ cos x + cot x ( − sin x ) ⇒
dy
dx
(
= − cos x cosec 2 x + 1 )
 −π   π 
Clearly, it is −ve in  , 0  ∪  0,  . Hence, given function is decreasing in it.
 2   2

107. Ans. (a), y = sec x ⋅ tan x ⇒

dy
dx
= sec x tan 2 x + sec3 x ⇒
dy
dx
(
= sec x tan 2 x + sec 2 x )
 π 3π   π 3π 
Which is clearly −ve if x ∈  ,  . Hence, function is decreasing in  , 
2 2  2 2 

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108. Ans. (d), y = cot e x ⇒ ( ) dy

dx
( )
= − cos ec 2 e x ⋅ e x which is −ve for all x .

Hence, the given function is always decreasing.

dy π 
109. Ans. (c), y = cos ( sin x ) ⇒ = − sin ( sin x ) ⋅ cos x . If x ∈  , π  then sin ( sin x ) is + ve and cos x is
dx 2 
dy  3π  dy
−ve . Hence, is + ve But if x ∈  π ,  then sin ( sin x ) is −ve and cos x is also −ve . Hence, is
dx  2  dx
 3π 
−ve . ∴ Given function is decreasing in  π ,  .
 2 
 −π  dy
If x ∈  , 0  then sin ( sin x ) is −ve and cos x is + ve . Hence, is + ve .
 2  dx
dy  π 
110. Ans.(b), y = sin ( sin x ) ⇒ = cos ( sin x ) ⋅ ( cos x ) . In  − , 0  , cos ( sin x ) is + ve and cos x is also + ve
dx  2 
 π π 
In  0,  , cos ( sin x ) is + ve and cos x is also + ve . In  , π  , cos ( sin x ) is + ve and cos x is −ve .
 2 2 
 3π   3π 
In  π ,  , cos ( sin x ) is + ve and cos x is −ve . Hence, the given function is decreasing in π , 
 2   2 
π   3π 
and  , π  both. Hence, the given function is decreasing in  π , 
2   2 
dy
111. Ans. (a,d), y = cos ( cos x ) ⇒ = − sin ( cos x ) ⋅ ( − sin x ) = sin ( cos x ) ⋅ sin x .
dx
 π  dy  π
In  − , 0  , sin ( cos x ) is + ve and sin x is −ve . Hence, is −ve . In  0,  , sin ( cos x ) is + ve
 2  dx  2
dy  3π  dy
and sin x is + ve .Hence, is + ve .In  π ,  , sin ( cos x ) is −ve and sin x is −ve .Hence, is + ve .
dx  2  dx
π  dy  −π  π 
In  , π  , sin ( cos x ) is −ve and sin x is + ve . Hence, is −ve in  , 0  and  , π 
2  dx  2  2 

112. Ans. (b), y = tan ( cot x ) ⇒

dy
dx
(
= sec 2 ( cot x ) ⋅ −cosec2 x ) which is −ve for all x except at those points

for which the given function is undefined

π π
i.e., For which sin x = 0 or cot x = ( 2n + 1) ⇒ x = mπ or x = cot −1 ( 2n + 1)
2 2
dy −1
113. Ans. (a), y = cosec −1 x ⇒ = which is −ve for all x in its domain. Hence, function is always
dx x x 2 − 1
decreasing in its domain.
( )
114. Ans. (b), y = cos −1 sin −1 x . We know that composite function of two function one of which is increasing

function and other of which is decreasing functions is a decreasing function. Hence, cos −1 sin −1 x ( ) is

(
decreasing function for all x in domain. Here, cos −1 sin −1 x is defined if )
sin −1 x ∈ [ −1,1] ⇒ x ∈ [ − sin1,sin1] . Hence, given function is decreasing in ( − sin1,sin1) .
115. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ y = x tan −1 ( tan x ) clearly it is increasing function for x ∈ R + except at those points for
which the given function is undefined and given function is even function.

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π
Hence, given function is decreasing in x ∈ R − − ( 2n + 1) , n∈Z−
2
116. Ans. (a), Given ⇒ y = x ⋅ cosec ( cosec x ) where x ∈ ( −1,1) − {0}
−1

⇒ y = x 2 where x ∈ ( −1,1) − {0} which is clearly decreasing if x ∈ ( −1, 0 )

dy 1
117. Ans.(d), y = cot −1 ( − x ) ⇒ y = π − cot −1 x ⇒ = > 0 . Hence, given function is never decreasing.
dx 1 + x 2
dy sin 2 x
118. Ans. (c), y = x + sin 2 x ⇒ = 1+ ⋅ 2 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 sin 2 x cot 2 x .
dx sin 2 x
π+ dy − π− dy
For x = then = 1 . Hence, + ve . For x = then → −∞ .
4 dx 2 dx
dy π π 
Hence, −ve . ∴ is both + ve and −ve in  , 
dx 4 2
π+ dy dy
For x = then → ∞ . Hence, + ve . For x = π − then → −∞ Hence, −ve .
2 dx dx
dy π π  π π 
∴ is both + ve and −ve in  ,  Hence, let us see fully in the interval  ,  .
dx 4 2 3 2
π π 2π
When < x < then < 2 x < π . Hence, sin 2 x is + ve.
3 2 3
dy −1
∴ = 1 + 2 cos 2 x . Now, > cos 2 x > −1 ⇒ −1 > 2 cos 2 x > −2
dx 2
dy π π 
⇒ 0 > 1 + 2 cos 2 x > −1 . Hence, is −ve. ⇒ y is decreasing in  , 
dx 3 2
dy 1 2x2 − 1 dy 2x2 − 1  1  1 
119. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ = 2x − = . Now, <0⇒ < 0 ⇒ x x −  x+ <0
dx x x dx x  2  2
−1  1 
⇒x< or x ∈  0, .
2  2

120. Ans. (b),Given ⇒

dy
dx
( ) ( )
= 4 x 3 + 18 x 2 + 34 x + 32 e− x = x 4 + 6 x3 + 17 x 2 + 32 x + 32 e − x

⇒
dy
dx
( ) ( ) ( )
= e − x − x 4 − 2 x3 + x 2 + 2 x = − xe − x x 3 + 2 x 2 + x + 2 = − xe − x x 2 + 1 ( x + 2 ) .

Hence,
dy
dx
( )
< 0 ⇒ x x 2 + 1 ( x + 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x + 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 0 or x < −2

⇒ function is decreasing in ( −∞, −2] ∪ [ 0, ∞ )

121. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 3 ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 6ax + 99 ≤ 0 for all x is possible if
a + 2 < 0 and D = 36a 2 − 108a ( a + 2 ) ≤ 0 = 36a ( a − 3 ( a + 2 ) ) ≤ 0 ⇒ −36a ( 2a + 6 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ a ( a + 3) ≥ 0
⇒ a > 0 or a ≤ −3 . But as a + 2 must be negative. We get a ≤ −3 . Hence, correct choice is (a)
122. Ans. (b), As y = log ( log x ) is composite function of two increasing function. Hence, it will be increasing for
all x in domain. Now, log ( log x ) is defined if log x > 0 ⇒ x > 1 . Hence, given function is increasing for
x >1
( )
123. Ans. (a), As y = log log ( log x ) is composite function of three increasing functions log x . Hence, always
increasing function in it domain. For the function to be defined

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log ( log x ) > 0 ⇒ log x > 1 ⇒ x > e
π− π+
124. Ans. (c), As f ′ ( x ) = cos x − sin x and f ′ ( x ) is + ve for x = and f ′ ( x ) is −ve for x = .
4 4
π
Hence, function is neither increasing nor decreasing at .
4
125. Ans. (b), Given information ⇒ fogoh is decreasing function. ∵ f and h are increasing and g is decreasing.
Hence, for x > x − 1 ⇒ fogoh x < fogoh ( x -1)

dy −1  −1  log3 e
126. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ = 2
×  ⋅ log 3 e  = 2
which is clearly + ve for all x in
dx (1 − log 3 x )  x  x (1 − log3 x )
domain and domain is R + − {3}

 π  π
127. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ f ( x ) = 1 As for x ∈  0,  and [ cos x ] = 0 . Hence, function is constant in  0, 
 2  2
1
1 1 x+ x+
x≥ 1 1
128. Ans. (b), As 2 x + = x + x + . But 3 x⋅ x⋅ ⇒ 2 x + ≥3.
x x 3 x x
dy 1 x
129. Ans. (a), Let y = x − log (1 + x ) ⇒ = 1− = . Which is clearly + ve for x > 0
dx 1+ x 1+ x
⇒ y is increasing function. Also, y ]x =0 = 0 . Hence, for x > 0, the value of y > 0 ⇒ x > log (1 + x )
1
tan −1 x 1 (1 + x ) 2 − tan −1 x
130. Ans. (c),Let h ( x ) = log (1 + x ) − ⇒ h′ ( x ) = − 1+ x
2
1+ x 1+ x (1 + x )
1 1 tan −1 x 1 x2 tan −1 x
= − + = × + which is clearly + ve for x > 0 .
( )
1 + x 1 + x 2 (1 + x ) (1 + x ) 1 + x 1 + x (1 + x )2
2 2

Hence, h ( x ) is increasing function. Hence, if x > 0 then h ( x ) > h ( 0 ) .

tan −1 x tan −1 x
Hence, log (1 + x ) − > 0 ⇒ log (1 + x ) >
1+ x 1+ x
sin ( x + b ) cos ( x + a ) − sin ( x + a ) cos ( x + b ) sin ( b − a )
131. Ans. (b), Given ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = = .
( sin ( x + b ) ) ( sin ( x + b ) )
2 2

Hence, f ′ ( x ) > 0 ⇒ 0 < b − a < π . ∴ f ( x ) is increasing if 0 < b − a < π

dy  π
132. Ans. (a),Let y = x tan x ⇒ = x sec2 x + tan x > 0 in  0,  . Hence, x1 < x2 ⇒ x1 tan x1 < x2 tan x2
dx  2
( )
133. Ans. (c) f ′ ( x ) = e x − 1 ( x − 1)( sin x − cos x ) sin x . Sign scheme of f ′ ( x ) is

π 0 π 1 π 5π 2π
− 4
2 4
 π π  5π   π   5π 
Clearly, f ( x ) is increasing in  − ,  ∪ (1, π ) ∪  , 2π  and decreasing in  ,1 ∪  π , 
 2 4  4  4   4 
  1 x a
( )
134. Ans. (c) f ′ ( x ) = 2e x + ae − x + 2a + 1 = e x 2e 2 x + ( 2a + 1) e x + a = 2e − x  e2 x +  a +

e + 
2 2

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 1
( )
= 2e − x e x + a  e x +  . For f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ e x + a ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ a ≥ 0 .
 2
a2 − 4
135. Ans. (c) f ′ ( x ) = 2
a +2
( )
3 x 2 − 3 . For f ( x ) to be a decreasing function in R . f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R

a2 − 4
equality occurring at most one point. This is possible only when ≤0
a2 + 2
a2 − 4
[ ∵ if 2
> 0 , then f ′ ( x ) > 0 for large x ]. ∴ a 2 − 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ −2 ≤ a ≤ 2
a +2
1 1
136. Ans. (a) f ′ ( x ) = 2 − 2
− ≥ 0 for all x . Hence, f ( x ) is an increasing function in ( −∞, ∞ )
1+ x 1 + x2
1
x ⋅ − log x
log x dy 1 − log x
137. Ans. (a), Let y = ⇒ = x 2 = . Hence, function is decreasing if x > e .
x dx x x2
log 4 log 5 log 6 log 7 log 4
Hence, out of , , , the greatest one is .
4 5 6 7 4
1 1 1
 1 1 log x  −2
138. Ans. (a), Let f ( x ) = x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = x  × − 2  = x x (1 − log x ) < 0 if x > e
x x

x x x 
1 1
Hence, for x > e the function is decreasing. ∴ As e < π ⇒ e e > π π ⇒ eπ > π e
1 1
dy −2
139. Ans. (a), Let y = x x ⇒ = (1 − log x ) x x . Hence, for x < e function is increasing.
dx
1 1

( ) ( ) ( 2) ≤ ( 3)
3 2
Hence, 2< 3⇒ 2 2
< 3 3
⇒
1 1
dy −2
140. Ans. (c), Let y = x x ⇒ = x x (1 − log x ) . Hence, function is decreasing if x > e
dx
1 1
∴ e < π ⇒ ee > π π ⇒ eπ > π e ⇒ log eπ > log π e ⇒ π log e > e log π ⇒ π > e log π
x dy sin x ⋅1 − x ⋅ cos x cos x ( tan x − x )
141. Ans. (b), Let y = ⇒ = = >0.
sin x dx sin 2 x sin 2 x
π 0.5 0.75
If 0 < x < as 0.5 < 0.75 ⇒ < .
2 sin 0.5 sin 0.75

142. Ans. (a,d), y = cos e x ⇒

dy
dx
( )
= − sin e x ⋅ e x . For choice (a), when − log π < x < log π

1 dy
then e− log π < e x < elog π ⇒ < e x < π ⇒ sin e x is + ve ⇒ = −ve .
π dx
( )
For choice (b), when x ∈ R then sin e x can be both + ve or −ve

dy
For choice (c), when a log π < x < ∞ then π < e x < ∞ . Hence, sin e x can be both + ve ,or −ve ⇒ can
dx
be both + ve or −ve
For choice (d), when −∞ < x < log π then e−∞ < e x < elog π ⇒ 0 < e x < π .

( )
Hence, sin e x is + ve. ⇒
dy
dx
is −ve .

143. Ans. (d), y = tan ( log x ) when x ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) ⇒ log x ∈ ( −∞, ∞ ) . Hence, there are many points where

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 19

 π  π
tan ( log x ) is undefined. If x ∈  0, e 2  then log x ∈  −∞,  . Hence, there are many points where
   2
 π2  π 
tan ( log x ) is undefined. If x ∈  e , ∞  then log x ∈  , ∞  . Hence, there are many points where
  2 
tan ( log x ) is undefined. Hence correct choice is (d)
 −π π 
144. Ans. (b), Given y = cos ec ( log x ) For choice (a), when x ∈  e 2 , e 2  ⇒ log x ∈  − π , π 
   2 2
But if log x = 0 then given function is undefined.
 −π   π 
For choice (b), when x ∈  e 2 ,1 ∪ 1, e 2  then log x ∈  − π , 0  ∪  0, π 
     2   2

dy − cos ( log x ) 1 −π π
Now, = × which is clearly −ve when x ∈  e 2 ,1 ∪ 1, e 2  .
dx sin ( log x ) x
2
   
Hence, the given function is decreasing.
dy
145. Ans. (c), y = sin ( cos x ) ⇒ = cos ( cos x ) ⋅ ( − sin x ) But cos ( cos x ) is + ve for all x (as we know that
dx
dy  −π π  dy
cos x ∈ [ −1,1] ∀ x ). ∴ if x ∈ (π , 2π ) , is + ve . If x ∈  , , can be both + ve or −ve .
dx  2 2  dx
dy  π 3π  dy
If x ∈ ( 0, π ) , then is −ve . If x ∈  ,  then can be both + ve or −ve
dx 2 2  dx
∴ Given function is decreasing in ( 0, π )
1 1
146. Ans. (a), ∵ f ( x ) = ∴ f ′( x) = − < 0 ∀ x ∈ R ~ {5}
( x − 5) ( x − 5)
2

147. Ans. (c), It is clear from the fig. y

Statement-1 is true as both sin x and cos x
decreases in 2nd quadrant from 1 to 0 and 0 to –1,
respectively. 1
But Statement-2 is false as sin x is increasing in 1st
x

3π
s

quadrant, but its derivative function cos x decreases π 2π

co

sin

2
π x
in 1st quadrant. 2

So, Statement-2 is not generally true.

148. Ans. (b), f ′ ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 18 x + 12 .For increasing −1 1-quad. 2-quad. 3-quad. 4-quad.

function, f ′ ( x ) > 0

∴ 6 ( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) > 0 ⇒ x < 1 and x > 2

∴ f ( x ) is increasing outside the interval (1, 2 ) , therefore it is true statement.

Now, f ′ ( x ) < 0 ⇒ 6 ( x − 2 )( x − 1) < 0 ⇒ 1 < x < 2
∴ Statement-1 and Statement-2 are both true, but Statement-2 is not the correct reason.
2 ( ad − bc )
149. Ans. (d), f ′ ( x ) = and f ( x ) is an increasing function.
( ce x + de− x )
2

2 ( ad − bc ) ∵ ( ce x + de − x ) 2 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R 
∴ f ′( x) ≥ 0 ⇒ ≥ 0 ∴ 2 ( ad − bc ) ≥ 0
 
( ce x
+ dx −x 2
)
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⇒ ad ≥ bc ⇒ bc ≤ ad Hence, Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
150. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = x cos x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = cos x − x sin x = cos x (1 − x tan x ) .

 π  π  π
Now, in  0,  , x tan x < 1, cos x > 0 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) > 0 in  0,  ⇒ f ( x ) is increasing in  0,  .
 4  4  4
The correct statement 2 does not prove the assertion.
151. Ans. (c), Statement 1 is true. Since, if h ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) then h′ ( x ) = f ( x ) g ′ ( x ) + f ′ ( x ) g ( x ) > 0

Since, f ( x ) , g ( x ) , f ′ ( x ) , g ′ ( x ) are all positive.

 3π 
Statement 2 is not correct since x and sin x are increasing in  , 2π  , but x sin x is non monotonic is
 2 
 3π  d  3π 
 2 , 2π  . Since, dx ( x sin x ) = x cos x + sin x = cos x ( x + tan x ) . Now, cos x ≥ 0 in  2 , 2π  .

 3π 
But x + tan x will be positive as well as negative in  , 2π  .
 2 
152. Ans. (d), Statement 2 is true Since f ( x + π ) = f ( x ) ⇒ f ( x ) cannot be strictly increasing.

Statement 2 is false. Since, x 2 is non periodic in ( −∞, ∞ ) and is non monotonic as well.

1  1 − log x 
153. Ans.(c), Statement 2 is incorrect indeed f ( x ) = x1/ x ⇒ log f ( x ) = log x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) ⋅  2 
x  x 
Which is negative in ( e, ∞ ) ⇒ f ( x ) is decreasing in ( e, ∞ ) and from correct version of statement 2,

Statement 1 follows since f ( 2009 ) > f ( 2010 )

154. Ans. (c), Statement 2 is incorrect. Since,

d
dx
( x ) = 2 1 x > 0 in ( 0,1) .
Statement 1 is correct. It follows from the fact that a x is monotonically decreasing if 0 < a < 1.
dy π  π 
155. Ans. (d), y = cos x ⇒ = − sin x which is −ve in  , π  . Hence, it is −ve in  , π  .
dx 2  2 
π 
Therefore, y = cos x is decreasing in  ,π  .
2 
dy π  π 
y = sin x ⇒ = cos x which is positive in  , π  . Hence, y = sin x is increasing in  , π 
dx 2  2 
 π
To disprove R let us consider the counter example : f ( x ) = sin x on  0, 
 2
 π
So that f ′ ( x ) = cos x . Now, f ′ ( x ) is clearly + ve in  0, 
 2
 π  π
Hence, f ( x ) is increasing on  0,
 but f ′ ( x ) is decreasing on  0,  ∴ R is wrong
 2  2
156. Ans. (c), Every function which is always strictly increasing or always strictly decreasing is one – one
2 2
 1 8   1 8 8
f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 2 x + 3 + cos x = 3  x +  + + cos x > 0 ∵ cos x < 1 and 3  x+  + ≥ 
 3 3   3 3 2 

∴ f ( x ) is strictly increasing. Hence the function is one – one

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157. Ans. (a), Let f ( x ) = 3sin x − 4sin 3 x = sin 3x
 π π
We know that , sin x is increasing in the interval  − 2 , 2  .
π π π π
∴ Given condition will be satisfied if − ≤ 3x ≤ ⇒− ≤x≤
2 2 6 6
π  π π
The length of interval = −−  =
6  6 3
158. Ans. (a),Given ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 3kx 2 − 18 x + 9 = 3 kx 2 − 6 x + 3 ( )
Since , f ( x ) is increasing on R ∴ f ' ( x ) ≥ 0
∴ kx 2 − 6 x + 3 ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ k > 0 and 36 − 12k ≤ 0 ⇒ k ≥ 3
∴ ax 2 + bx + c ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ a > 0 and b 2 − 4ac ≤ 0]

Hence , f ( x ) is increasing on R if k ≥ 3.

159. Ans. (d), Since , f ( x ) = k sin x + 2 cos x is strictly increasing for all x , therefore f ' ( x ) > 0 for all x
sin x + cos x
k −2
⇒ 2
> 0 for all x ⇒ k − 2 > 0 ⇒ k > 2
( sin x + cos x )
160. Ans. (c), Given f ( x ) = sin x − bx + c ∴ f ' ( x ) = cos x − b ≥ 0 for all x
⇒ cos x ≥ b for all x ⇒ b ≤ cos x for all x ⇒ b ≤ −1 As −1 is the least value of cos x
161. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x
∴ f ' ( x ) = − sin 4 x ∵ f ' ( x ) ≥ 0 ∴ − sin 4 x ≥ 0 ∴ sin 4 x ≤ 0

∴ ( 2n + 1) π ≤ 4 x ≤ ( 2n + 2 ) π ⇒
( 2n + 1) π ≤x≤
( n + 1) π
4 2
π π π 4π 3π  π 3π 
For n = 0, We get ≤x≤ But = > ∴ f ( x ) is increasing in  , .
4 2 2 8 8 4 8 
162. Ans. (d), As f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x 3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1
Decreases monotonically for all x ∈ R , Hence f ' ( x ) ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
⇒ 3 ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 6ax + 9a ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R ⇒ ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 2ax + 3a ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
⇒ a + 2 < 0 and discriminant ≤ 0 ⇒ a < −2 and −8a 2 − 24a ≤ 0
⇒ a < −2 and a ( a + 3) ≥ 0 a < −2, and ( a ≤ −3 or a ≥ 0 ) ⇒ a ≤ −3
163. Ans. (b), f ( x ) will be monotonically decreasing , if f ' ( x ) ≤ 0.
⇒ f ' ( x ) = − sin x − 2 p ≤ 0 for all x
1 −1  −1  1
⇒ sin x + p ≥ 0 for all x ⇒ p≥ sin x for all x ⇒ p ≥ ma x  sin x  ⇒ p ≥
2 2 2  2
3
3 12 3
15 1
164. Ans. (b),Given f ( x ) = x 2 ( 3 x − 10 ) , x ≥ 0 ⇒ f '( x) = x ( 3 x − 10 ) + x 2 ( 3 ) ⇒ x 2 ( x − 2 )
2 2
15 12
For f ( x ) to be increasing , f ' ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x − 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ∈ [ 2, ∞ )
2

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165. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x )
 π
2 cos  x + 
1  4
⇒ f '( x) = 2
× ( cos x − sin x ) = 2
1 + ( sin x + cos x ) 1 + ( sin x + cos x )
For f ( x ) to be increasing , f ' ( x ) ≥ 0
 π  π π π π 3π π
⇒ 2 cos  x +  ≥ 0 ⇒ cos  x +  ≥ 0 ⇒ − ≤ x + ≤ ⇒ − ≤x≤
 4  4 2 4 4 4 4
 π π  π π
∴ f ( x ) is increasing function in  − ,  ⇒ f ( x ) is increasing in − , 
 2 4  2 4
166. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = log ( sin x + cos x )
cos x − sin x 1 − tan x π 
⇒ f '( x) = = = tan  − x 
sin x + cos x 1 + tan x 4 
For f ( x ) to be increasing , f ' ( x ) ≥ 0
π  π π π π
⇒ tan  − x  ≥ 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ − x ≤ ⇒ − ≤ − x ≤
4  4 2 4 4
π π  −π π   −π π 
⇒− ≤x≤ ⇒ x∈  ,  ⇒ x ∈ , 
4 4  4 4  4 4
 0 ,x =0
167. Ans. (), f ( x ) = = 
x − 3 , x > 0
0 , x = 0
∴ f '( x) =  ∴ it is strictly increasing when x > 0.
1 , x > 0
2 ( ad − bc )
168. Ans. (a) f ' ( x ) = and f ( x ) is an increasing function
( )
2
ce x + de− x

∴ f '( x) > 0 ⇒2
( ad − bc ) >0 ∴ 2 ( ad − bc ) > 0 ⇒ ad > bc ⇒ bc < ad
( ce x
+ de −x 2
)
169. Ans. I → (e), II → (b), III → (a ), IV → (e), V → (a ), VI → (e), VII → (b), (VIII ) → (d )
(i) Neither increasing nor decreasing as (ii) Strictly Decreasing as
f ( a − h ) < f ( a ) and f ( a ) > f ( a + h ) f (a − h) > f (a) > f (a + h)

f (a)
f (a − h)

f (a)
f (a + h)
f (a + h)

f (a − h)

a−h x = a a+h
a−h x=a a+h

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(iii) Strictly increasing as (iv) Neither increasing nor decreasing as
f (a − h) < f (a) < f (a + h) f ( a − h ) > f ( a ) and f ( a ) < f ( a + h )

f ( a − h)
f (a + h)

f (a) f (a + h)

f (a)
f (a + h)
a−h x = a a+h

a−h x = a a+h

(v) Strictly increasing as (vi) Neither increasing nor decreasing as

f ( a − h) < f (a) < f (a + h) f ( a − h ) < f ( a ) and f ( a ) > f ( a + h )

f (a + h) f (a − h)
f (a + h)

f (a)

f ( a − h)
a−h x=a a+h

a−h x=a a+h

(vii) Strictly decreasing as (viii) non- decreasing as

f ( a − h) > f ( a ) > f ( a + h) f ( a − h) < f ( a )
and f ( a ) = f ( a + h )
f ( a − h)
f (a + h)
f (a)

f (a + h) f ( a − h)

a−h x = a a+h
a−h x = aa+h
y
5 x ; x ≥ 0
170. (i) f ( x ) = 3 x + 2 x =  y = 5x
x ; x < 0

LHD at x = 0 is 1 x
RHD at x = 0 is 5
∴ f ( x ) is strictly increasing at x = 0 y=x

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(ii) LHD at x = 0 i.e., f ′ ( 0 ) = 0 y

7x
2
But f ( 0 − h ) = 12 ( −h ) > 0

=
y
And RHD at x = 0 i.e., f ′ ( 0+ ) = 7 x

4x 3
∴ f ( x ) is strictly increasing at x = 0

y=
2
171. (i) If h > 0 then f ( 0 − h ) = 4 − ( 0 − h ) = 4 − h 2 y

lim f ( 0 − h ) = 4 y = 4 − x2
4 y = 2x + 1
h → 0+

f ( 0) = 1
1
f ( 0 + h ) = 2h + 1 > 1
x
Now f ( 0 + h ) > f ( 0 ) and f ( 0 − h ) > f ( 0 )
∴ f ( x ) is neither increasing nor decreasing at x = 0 i.e.,
y
non monotonic y = 3 + x 2e− x

(ii) f ( 0 − h ) > 3
f ( 0) = 2 , f ( 0 + h) < 1 3
y=2
Now f ( 0 − h ) > f ( 0 ) > f ( 0 + h )
1
∴ f ( x ) is strictly decreasing at x = 0
x
(iii) lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( x 3 + x 2 + 5 x ) = 0 y = 1 − 2x 2
x →0 x →0

lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ (1 − xe x ) = 1
x →0 x →0

f ( 0) = 1 ∴ If h > 0 then f ( 0 − h ) < f ( 0 )

Now f ( 0 + h ) = 1 − heh < 1 ⇒ f ( 0 − h ) < f ( 0 ) and f ( 0 ) > f ( 0 + h )
∴ f ( x ) is neither increasing nor decreasing at x = 0 ⇒ non-monotonic
172. (i) Non –decreasing
(ii) Nothing can be said because function is not defined at one point in the interval (which is for x = a )
(iii) non-increasing

(iv)

a x1 x2 x3 b x
c

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x1 < x2 ⇒ f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) 
 discrepancy
x1 < x3 ⇒ f ( x1 ) > f ( x3 ) 
This can happen only in a discontinuous function
So even if point ‘c’ is not considered then also the function cannot be called monotonic over [ a, b ].
(v) Strictly increasing (vi) Non- monotonic (vii) Strictly decreasing
173. (a) True (b) True (c) False (d) True (e) True
∵ graph is a vertical parabola
174. The given function is monotonic increasing if 2b − 3cos x ≥ 0 for all x
3 
⇒ 2b ≥ 3.cos x for all x ⇒ b ≥ 3 / 2 for all x ⇒ b∈ ,∞
2 
sin x
175. y =
x
x cos x − sin x cos x ( x − tan x )
⇒ y'= ⇒ y′ =
x2 x2
( + ) ( −)  π
 <0 ∀x ∈  0, 
 ( + )  2

(−) (+) < 0 π 
∀x ∈  , π 
 (+) 2 

sin x
And hence decreasing for x ∈ ( 0, π )
x
sin 2 sin 3
Now 2<3 ⇒ f ( 2 ) > f ( 3) ⇒ > ⇒ 3sin 2 > 2 sin 3
2 3
176. Ans. (b) Given f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 4 x3 − 4 so , 4 x 3 − 4 ≤ 0 or x3 ≤ 1 ⇒ x ≤ 1
Hence , function is decreasing in ( −∞,1) .
177. Ans. (b) To be increasing , f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 − 27 ≥ 0 ⇒ x 2 ≥ 9 ⇒ x ≥ 3
178. Ans. (c) f ( x ) = x 2 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 2 x ≥ 0 (for increasing )
i.e., 0 ≤ x < ∞. Thus f ( x ) is increasing in [ 0, ∞ ) .
179. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = 2 x3 − 3x 2 − 36 x + 7
⇒ f ' ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 6 x − 36 but for decreasing , f ' ( x ) ≤ 0 ⇒ x 2 − x − 6 ≤ 0
⇒ ( x − 3)( x + 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 3 Hence , the required interval is [ −2,3] .
180. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = 2 x3 + 3x 2 − 12 x + 5

( )
∴ f ' ( x ) = 6 x 2 + 6 x − 12 = 6 x 2 + x − 2 = 6 ( x + 2 )( x − 1)

Increasing at ( −∞, −2] ∪ [1, ∞ ) = l1

Decreasing at [ −2,1] = l2
log x
181. Ans. (c) f ( x ) =
x
1 − log x
∴ f '( x) = ≤ 0 ⇒ 1 − log x ≤ 0 ⇒ 1 ≤ log x ⇒ log x ≥ 1 ⇒ x ≥ e
x2

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( )
182. Ans. (b) f ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 3 x + 3 = 3 x 2 + x + 1 > 0 for all x
(Because D < 0 )
⇒ f ( x ) is an increasing function .
183. Ans. (a) f ' ( x ) = 2 xe − x − x 2 e − x = xe − x ( 2 − x )
Sence , f is increasing , f ' ( x ) ≥ 0
⇒ xe − x ( 2 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( 2 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x − 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
dy − cos x
184. Ans. (a) y = cosec x ⇒ = >0
dx sin 2 x
 π
Hence it seens that function is increasing for x ∈  0, 
 2
But note that the function is having discontinuation at x = π
Now clearly π − < π + But cosec π − > cosec π + ⇒ cosec x is neither ↑ nor ↓
d
Also ( tan x ) = sec2 x > 0 Hence tan x is a increasing function .
dx
dy
Also y = x 2 ⇒ = 2 x > 0 which is increasing
dx
 π 3π   π  dy
y = x − 1 = x − 1 in  ,   As > 1 ⇒ = 1 > 0 ∴ function is increasing
2 2   2  dx
∴ option (a) is the correct answer.
3 x−2
185. Ans. (c), Since f ' ( x ) = 2
is greater than ;0’ in interval ( −∞, ∞ ) , therefore f ( x ) = is
( x + 1) x +1

Increasing in interval ( −∞, ∞ ) or R.

186. Ans. (c) f ' ( x ) = 2 x − 2 = 2 ( x − 1)
To be decreasing , 2 ( x − 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ≤ 1
dy
187. Ans. (a) y = tan x − x ⇒ = sec 2 x − 1 = tan 2 x ≥ 0
dx
2x
188. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = log (1 + x ) −
2+ x

⇒ f '( x) =
1 ( 2 + x ) . ( 2 ) − 2 x (1) ⇒ f ' x = x2
− 2 ( ) 2
1+ x (2 + x) ( x + 1)( x + 2 )
Obviously, f ' ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x ≥ 0 Hence , f ( x ) is increasing on [ 0, ∞ )
189. Ans. (d) f ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) e− x ∴ f ' ( x ) = e − x − e− x ( x + 2 ) = −e − x ( x + 1)
For increasing , −e − x ( x + 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ e− x ( x + 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x + 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ≤ −1 ∴ x ∈ ( −∞,1]
Hence the function is increasing in ( −∞, −1]
For decreasing −e − x ( x + 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ e− x ( x + 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ x + 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ −1 ⇒ x ∈ [ −1, ∞ )
Hence the function is decreasing in [ −1, ∞ )
190. Ans. (d) Function is monotonically decreasing when f ' ( x ) < 0

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⇒ 6 x − 18 x + 12 ≤ 0 ⇒ x − 3 x + 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ x 2 − 2 x − x + 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 2 )( x − 1) ≤ 0 ∴ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
2 2

log x 1 log x 1 − log x

191. Ans. (b) f ( x ) = ∴ f '( x) = 2 − 2 =
x x x x2
For f ( x ) to be increasing , f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 − log x ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 ≥ log x ⇒ e ≥ x
∴ f ( x ) is increasing in the interval ( 0, e]
192. Ans. (a) It is always increasing
Given f ( x ) = x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 1 ⇒ f ( x ) is always increasing function
193. Ans. (c) f ( x ) = x 3 − 10 x 2 + 200 x − 10 ⇒ f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 − 20 x + 200
For f ( x ) to be increasing f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ 3 x 2 − 20 x + 200 ≥ 0
Which is clearly true for all values for x ∵ D < 0 for 3 x 2 − 20 x + 200
x2 x2 x2
− − −
194. Ans. (c) f ( x ) = 1 − e 2
⇒ f ' ( x ) = −e 2
( − x ) = xe 2

x2
−
For f ( x ) to be increasing f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ xe 2
>0
⇒ f ( x ) is decreasing for x ≤ 0 and increasing for x ≥ 0.
  π 
195. Ans. (d) f ( x ) = sin x − cos x ⇒ f ' ( x ) = cos x + sin x = 2 cos  x −  
  4 
For f ( x ) to be decreasing f ' ( x ) ≤ 0
 π  π π π 3π 3π 7π
⇒ 2 cos  x −  ≤ 0 ⇒ cos  x −  ≤ 0 ⇒ ≤ x − ≤ ⇒ ≤x≤
 4  4 2 4 2 4 4
2 2
196. Ans. (c) f ( x ) =  x ( x − 2 )  ⇒ f ( x ) = x 2 ( x − 2 )

{ {
⇒ f ' ( x ) = x 2 2 ( x − 2 )} + ( x − 2 ) ( 2 x ) = 2 x ( x − 2 ) x + ( x − 2 )} = 4 x ( x − 2 )( x − 1)
2

For f ( x ) to be increasing f ' ( x ) ≥ 0

⇒ 4 x ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈[ 0,1] ∪ [ 2, ∞ )
198. Ans. (a) f ( x ) = ax + b ⇒ f ' ( x ) = a
∴ For strictly increasing , f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ a > 0 for all real x .
199. Ans. (a), Given f ( x ) = 3sin x − 4sin 3 x = sin 3x
 π π
Since, sin x is increasing in the interval  − , 
 2 2
π π π π π  π π
∴ − ≤ 3x ≤ ⇒− ≤x≤ The length of interval = −−  =
2 2 6 6 6  6 3

(
200. Ans. (a), f ′ ( x ) = 3kx 2 − 18 x + 9 = 3 kx 2 − 6 x + 3 )
Since, f ( x ) is increasing on R ∴ f ′ ( x ) > 0 ∴ kx 2 − 6 x + 3 ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ k > 0 and 36 − 12k ≤ 0 ⇒ k ≥ 3 ∵ax 2 + bx + c ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ a > 0 and b 2 − 4ac ≤ 0 

Hence, f ( x ) is increasing on R if k ≥ 3.

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201. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = sin x − bx + c ∴ f ′ ( x ) = cos x − b ≥ 0 or cos x ≥ b or b ≤ −1
202. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x
∴ f ′ ( x ) = − sin 4 x ∵ f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ∴ − sin 4 x ≥ 0 ∴ sin 4 x ≤ 0 ∴ ( 2n + 1) π ≤ 4 x ≤ ( 2n + 2 ) π

⇒
( 2n + 1) π ≤x≤
( n + 1) π For n = 0,
π
≤x≤
π
4 2 4 2
π 4π 3π  π 3π 
Now = > ∴ f ( x ) is increasing in  , 
2 8 8 4 8 
203. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = ( a + 2 ) x 3 − 3ax 2 + 9ax − 1
Decreases monotonically for all x ∈ R, ⇒ f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
⇒ 3 ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 6ax + 9a ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R ⇒ ( a + 2 ) x 2 − 2ax + 3a ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
⇒ a + 2 < 0 and Discriminant ≤ 0 ⇒ a < −2, − 8a 2 − 24a ≤ 0 ⇒ a < −2 and a ( a + 3) ≥ 0
⇒ a < −2 and ( a ≤ −3 or a ≥ 0 ) ⇒ a ≤ −3 ⇒ − ∞ < a ≤ −3
204. Ans. (b), f ( x ) will be monotonically decreasing, if f ′ ( x ) ≤ 0
1 1
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = − sin x − 2 p < 0 ⇒ sin x + p ≥ 0 ⇒ p ≥ [∵− 1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1]
2 2
205. Ans. (d), Given f ( x ) = x 3 + bx 2 + cx + d ∴ f x′ = 3 x 2 + 2bx + c
Now its discriminant = 4 b 2 − 3c ( )
( )
⇒ 4 b 2 − c − 8c < 0, as b 2 < c and c > 0 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) > 0 for all x ∈ R ⇒ f is strictly increasing on R
3
3 12 3
15 1
206. Ans. (b), Given f ( x ) = x 2 ( 3 x − 10 ) , x ≥ 0 ⇒ f ′( x) = x ( 3 x − 10 ) + x 2 ( 3) = x 2 ( x − 2 )
2 2
15 12
For f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ( x − 2 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ∈ [ 2, ∞ )
2
207. Ans. (b), Given f ( x ) = tan −1 ( sin x + cos x )
 π
2 cos  x + 
1  4
⇒ f ′( x) = 2
× ( cos x − sin x ) = 2
1 + ( sin x + cos x ) 1 + ( sin x + cos x )
For f ( x ) to be increasing, f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0
 π  π π π π 3π π
⇒ 2 cos  x +  ≥ 0 ⇒ cos  x +  ≥ 0 ⇒ − ≤ x + ≤ ⇒− ≤x≤
 4  4 2 4 2 4 4
 π π
∴ f ( x ) is an increasing function in  − , 
 2 4
cos x − sin x 1 − tan x π 
208. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = log ( sin x + cos x ) ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = = = tan  − x 
sin x + cos x 1 + tan x 4 
For f ( x ) to be increasing f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0
π  π π π π π π  π π
⇒ tan  − x  ≥ 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ − x ≤ ⇒ − ≤ −x ≤ ⇒− ≤ x ≤ ⇒ x ∈ − , 
4  4 2 4 4 4 4  4 4
209. Ans. (c), Let F ( x ) = f ( x )

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f ( x)
⇒ F ′( x) = ⋅ f ′ ( x ) = −ve [sign of f ( x ) and f ′ ( x ) are opposite]
f ( x)
⇒ f ( x ) is decreeing functions

210. Ans. (c), We know that ln (1 + x ) < x ∀ x ∈ R + ⇒ g ( x ) > 0

ln (1 + x ) 1
Also > ∀ x ∈ R+ ⇒ g ( x ) < 1
x 1+ x
Let f ( x ) = ( x + 1) ℓn ( x + 1) − x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = ℓn ( x + 1) > 0 for x > 0
ℓn ( x + 1) 1
⇒ f ( x ) > f ( 0 ) ⇒ ( x + 1) ℓn ( x + 1) > x ⇒ >
x x +1
2 2
211. Ans. (a), Let z = x + 2 xy + 3 y − 6 x − 2 y
⇒ x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 − 6 x − 2 y − z = 0 ⇒ x 2 + 2 x ( y − 3) + 3 y 2 − 2 y − z = 0
As x ∈ R, ∴ D ≥ 0
2
( )
⇒ 4 ( y − 3) − 4 3 y 2 − 2 y − z ≥ 0 ⇒ y 2 + 9 − 6 y − 3 y 2 + 2 y + z ≥ 0

( )
⇒ − 2 y 2 − 4 y + 9 + z ≥ 0 ⇒ z ≥ 2 y 2 + 2 y + 1 − 11 = 2 ( y + 1) − 11 ⇒ z ≥ −11
2

212. Ans. (a), f ′ ( x ) = x − { x}

Y
If f ( x ) is strictly decreasing then f ′ ( x ) < 0
⇒ x − { x} < 0 ⇒ x < { x}
 1 
It is clear from the figure x ∈  − , 0  1
 2 

X
−2 −1 1 O 1 2
−
 m −n 
2
m  
213. Ans. (d), f ′ ( x ) = x  n  ; ⇒ f ′ ( x ) > 0 as
n
exponential function is +ve for negative exponents f ′ ( x ) fails
 2 cos −1 x for x ∈ [ 0,1]
214. Ans. (b), cos −1
( 2
)
2x −1 = 
2π − 2 cos x for x ∈ [ −1, 0]
−1

y
π
D
1

x
−1 O

f is increasing in ( −1, 0 ) and decreasing in ( 0,1)

⇒ f is non monotonic
215. Ans. (b), f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2ax + b + 5sin 2 x > 0 ∀ x∈ R

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sin 2 x has to be minimum f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2ax + b − 5 > 0 ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ ∆ < 0
⇒ 4a 2 − 4 ⋅ 3 ( b − 5) < 0 ⇒ a 2 − 3b + 15 < 0

 ex , x<0
216. Ans. (c), Given f ( x ) = 
ln (1 + x ) + 1, x ≥ 0
f ( x ) is continuous for all x
 ex , x<0

f ′( x) =  1
 , x>0
1 + x
Here f ′ ( 0 − ) = 1 = f ′ ( 0 + ) We have f ′ ( x ) > 0 for all x ∈ R

Hence, we can conclude that f ( x ) is a strictly increasing function for all x

 1, x<0
217. Ans. (d), Given f ( x ) =  3
 x + 1, x ≥ 0
f ( x ) is continuous for all x
 0, x < 0,
f ′( x) =  2
3 x , x > 0
Here, f ′ ( 0 − ) = 0 = f ′ ( 0+ ) We have f ′ ( x ) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R

But, f ′ ( x ) = 0 in the interval x ∈ ( −∞, 0]

Hence, we can conclude that f ( x ) is a non-decreasing function for all x
218. Ans. (), Clearly f is continuous at x = 0,
 1, x<0

We have f ′ ( x ) =  1 1 1
sin x − x cos x , x > 0

Here, f ′ ( 0 − ) = 1 > 0 but f ′ ( 0+ ) does not exist. f ′ ( 0 − h ) = −1

Further, f ′ ( 0 + h ) changes sign in the right neighborhood

1
Since f ′ ( x ) > 0 at the points x = (n ∈ N ),
( 2n + 1) π
1
And f ′ ( x ) < 0 at the points x = (n ∈ N )
2nπ
Hence, f ( x ) is non-monotonous at x = 0

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