SolidWorks Drawings intercadSolidWorks Student Survey Ta conjunction with you local reseller, we at SolidWorks Corporation axe continually striving to improve the quality of our taining material, courses, and delivery. We know that the best way to gauge our progress is to gt direct feedback from you immediately aftr your taining experience. Completing the survey will ake less than 3 minutes and will provide information that will help dive the direction ofthe course ‘material and its presentation. ‘When you have completed the course through your local reseller please set your intemet browser to the following URL ‘rww:solidworks.com/tmsurves: Inthe box labeled Training Manual Serial Number, please enter 26491911201-ENGOO0? ‘We appreciate your assistance in helping us to improve the overall educational experience that we deliver in conjunction with your reseller. DK David Pancoast Training Manager, SolidWorks Corporation Sw2649191SolidWorks® 2012 SolidWorks Drawings Dassault Systemes SliWorks Corporation 175 Wyman Steet Watham, Massachusets 02451 USAtio oti tr sg dan Sere AS come Eethidiadinigbao, ne en ‘Pepe ina areas hae Shae eee asl Sey SSVTBDMT GUN 198) and 79508 GUN 9, See sent Succ oe oe, am ea get tr ae psx by VIDA a US Poem Baio oa gre endow or wears Terese intr le™ Seng nov tr ate Smatsten Shame inegaton be ANS ones Copyoh Nota or Enters POM Product ‘ute Vee Tce ‘le Choe Agha " heehee ffs © 1995:200 Spi CaerIntroduction About This Course Prerequisites Course Design Philsopty Using this Book About the Training Files Conventions Usd inthis Boole Windows® 7 Use of Color Color Schemes Lesson 1 Drawing Sheets and Views Drawing Sheets and Views reparations for Dealing Preparing a Pat for Detailing Drawing Sheets and Views Terminology “Maltple Drawing Steet Creating a Drawing Settings Sheet Properties Drawing Views Drassng Views That Require Sketching Patents of Drassng Views Drawing View Na Ading Drawing Views ContentsLesson 2: Dimensions ‘Sketching in Drawing Views Making a Drawing View Active Flyout FeatureManeger. Del Views Projected View Section View Model View View Seuings ‘View Display Mode View Display Modes ‘Centermarks and Centrines Center Marks, [Adé Center Marks Cenerines ‘Model Edges inthe View ‘Show Hidden Edges Exercise I: Creating Views Bxerise 2: Creating Auliry Views Exerese 3; Creating Cropped Views Exercised: Creating Broken-out Section Views Exercise 5: Creating Broken Views Dimensions. References. ‘Types of Dimensions Insert Model ems sere Model ems “Manipulating Dimensions Driven Dimensions Rapid Dimension Align Dimensions Dimension Properties ‘PropestyManager Onions Changing Dimensions. Exercise 6: Views and Driving Dimensions. Exercise 7: Views and Dimensions Exercise 8: Views and Hidden Edges Exercise 9: Views, Dimensions nd ConfigurationsLesson Annotations: [Adding Annotations ‘Annotation Types ‘Common Characteristics of Anotatons ‘Aang Notes ‘Adding Datum Feature Symbols, Adding a Geometric Tolerance Syibol Blocks Creating «Block Make Block, Saving « Block Insert Blocks Exercise 10: Annotations Exercise 11: Using a Block Exercise 12: Dimensions and Antatons Exercise 13: Views and Driven Dimensions Lesson 4: Sheet Formats and Templates ‘Sheet Formats and Templates, Lesson Topics Drawing Templates Deavsing Templates end Sheet Formals Lovels of Customize ropes in the Temphite ‘User Defined Properties Tesorting Custom Properties SolidWorks Special Properties. ‘What Makes them Spec? Seving View States in Drawings ‘Customizing 2 Shoe Frmat Inserting OLE Ob) BOM Anchor Point, Saving a Sheet Format Saving a Drawing Template Populating Predefined Views ‘Adding Relations tothe Format Drawing Template Setings ‘Templates with Predefined Views Using « Drawing TemplateLesson 5: Define Tile Block. Choosing What to Edit Filling in the Tile lock Upéating Sheet Formas Imponing Legacy Templates Drafisighe Exercise 14: Adding Properties to a Sheet Format. Exercise 15: Adding Properties and Predefined Views Exercise 16: Document Properties ina Sheet Format ‘Assembly Drawing Views Lesson 6: ‘Assembly Drawing Views (Creating Views of Assembles ‘Automatic Hsing Configurations Broken-ot Section View Hiding Components and Bodies Altemsate Position Views Exploded Views Display States Exercise 17: Assembly Views [Exercise 18: Assembly and Part Views Bll of Materials and Tables Creating and Managinga Bill of Materials. The Bill of Materials. ‘Adding a BOM Insert Bill of Materials Modifying the BOM ‘Shift Column, ‘Add Column Table Format Spliting a BOM (Creating BOM Templates, Aading tems ‘Tabulated Bll of Matera Zero Quantity BOM Contents| Sort Balloons “Tables in the Drawing Tsomeire Dimensions Exercise 9: Customizrg a BOM Exercise 20: Hole Tables Exercise 21: Using General Tabs. ua is 19 21 6 136 as 12s 12s ios. a9 129 130 BI BI 132 a 138 135 136 18 139) Mat 183 144Lesson Performance and Display Issues Performance and Displhy Issues, Large Assembly Mode Lightweight Drawings Dynamic Highlgh« Disabled ‘Tougle Large Assembly Mode Detached Drawings “Advantages of Deteched Drawings. Performance File Size Conversion Forced Regeneration. Making a Backup Copy Conver to Detached “Making Changes tthe Referenced Assembly Loading the Model Display Istes in Drawing Views. Interference Detection, Display Quality Seings Exercise 22: Detached Drawings 1 Exercise 23: Detached Drawings -2 Lesson 8: Drawing References and Comparicon Reusing a Drawing File ‘Changing Drawing References. Using DrawCompare SolidWorks Design Checker Build Checks, Check Active Docunen. [Exercise 24: Changing + Drawing Reference. [Exercise 25: Using Bul d Check 18s as 188 19 150 130 11 151 151 31 31 152 132 133 133 13s 156 158 139) ret 168 67 169 170 170 im ns 7Lesson 9: Using Dimxpert Dimxpert 180 “The DimXpetMangge. 180 Tolerance Types and Features 181 DimXpert Selections. 188 Setings for DimXper. 186 Bock Tolerance vs. General Tolerance 186 DimXpert Propertis 187 Auto Dimension Scheme 188 ow the Auto Dimension Scheme Works 88 Prismatic and Turned Parts 8s Show Tolerance Stas 1 TolAnalyst Dimensions 1 Tred Part 12 Using Pls and Minus 193 DDimXpert Annotations and Drawings rot Using DimXpert Manally 196, ‘Ading Datum 197 Geometric Tolerance 19 Appendix Preparations for Detailing Preparations for Detling 202IntroductionAbout This Course Prorequisites Course Design Philosophy Using this Book Laboratory Exercises “The goal ofthis course isto teach you how o create engineering Model View (i means click Model View fj on the Viow Layout ab ofthe CommandManager. ‘Festive names and fle names appear inthis syle. For example, Sketch). ‘Double lines precede and follow seations oF the procedures, This grovides separation between the steps ofthe procedure and large blocks of explanatory text. The steps themselves are numbered in sans serif bald 17 Do this step @ Trew Pale | A evose-reference tothe View Palos help topic ‘The seren shot inthis manual were made using the SolidWorks software running on Windows® 7, Ifyou ae not using Windows 7, ri Yyouhavea diferent theme seting, you may notice slight differences in fhe appesrance ofthe menus and windows, These differences do not alec the performance ofthe softwareUse of Color Color Schemes The SolidWorks usr iterface makes extensive ue of color to highlight selected geonetry and wo provide you with visual feedback This realy increases the inlvenes and ease of se ofthe SolidWorks software. Take maximum advanioge ofthis the training ‘manals ae printed i fill colo. Also, in many cates, we have used addtional color inthe illustrations ‘o communicate concepts, identify features, and otherwise convey important informacion. or example, we might show the result of filletng operation with the filles in a diferent color, eventhough by fal, the SolidWorks software would not display the results in that ‘Out ofthe box, the SoliéWorks software provides several predefined colr schemes tha conto, among other things, the colors sed for highlighed items, sleced items, sketch relation symbols, and shaded previews of features ‘We have not used the same color scheme for every case study and exercise because some colors ae more visible and clear than others wen used with deren colored pat In adition, we have changed the viewport background to plain white 0 that te ilstrations reproduce bater on white paper ‘Asa resul, because the color stings on your computer may be “ferent than the ones used by the authors oF his book, the images you See cn your sereen may nt exactly math those in the book,Lesson 1 Drawing Sheets and Views ‘Upon successful completion ofthis lesson, you will beable to ‘Setup part and assembly views lor later we in drawings. (Create adraorng fil and drawing set with sheet Format Add many types of drawing views of pars Change the view display mode of «drawing view Setthe tangent edge display Ad center masks te cirular edges. ‘Ad6 cenerlinesthrcugh cylindrica faces. ide and show selsted model edges.ray Sas iw Drawing Sheets and Views Proparations for Detailing Tp ForMoreinformation Proparing a Part {for Detailing Drawing shets and drawing views are the basis for ereating any etal Arasing. This eson includes drawing sheets and many types of| ‘drawing views. “This section discusses the preparations that shouldbe made to pats and assemblies before detailing them. Pars shouldbe prepared for detailing by arzanging dimensions, eeating configurations and adding propertics. Se the Sol/orks Essent raining manual fr more {information ‘The following erossreferences refer to Solid Woks help topics. See About Ths Course on page 2. © Sheet FormaySice @ Drawing View Propories “The fllowing par mus be prepared fr dealing with the addition of| specifi views and cont guration ‘Open a part file. Open Spring Clamp fm the Lesson \Case Study folder. Perspective view. Apply perspective tothe Isometric view. Creates Named View called Perspective. ‘Tur off perspective. “The next step does not roquire perspective Reversed. Dress Shift + Up Arrow twice to show the “revere Isometric ofthe model Create a Named View called Reverse.Configuration (Create anew configuration named Simplified. In this configuration, suppres the feature Spal Bdge Rounds. Save and close the pat. Drawing Sheets and Views Terminology “The SolidWorks drawing fle contains one or more drawing sheets which in tur ean contain multiple views. In this lesson new drawing fle, drawing shet and multiple views will be crete, Dravvngs use many terms that are unique, The conceps of Drawing ‘Sheots and Sheet Formats are discussed belo Drawing Sheets ‘Thepaper sheets” usec Drag to hold the views, sme ONG dimensions and srnotations and eeate the drawing. ‘Sheet Formats ‘The border tle Block and text used to add information tthe deawing eeeBeets an ne Multiple Drawing Sheets ‘Opening Sheets ‘Where to Find t Default Sheet Order Reordering Sheets Ronaming a Sheet ‘The drawing can have ruipl shets, if required. To create an Aaditioal sheet, we Aed Sheet. The size and format ofthe new sheet iscopied from the orginal but canbe edited and changed ‘When opening drawing with multiple shes use the Select sheets to load option tosclect which sheet to load. [Aer opening, exch sheet ofa mile sheet drawing shows a preview when moused ‘2 Tub: Ath bottom ofthe shos, click Add Sheet esi 1 Menu Insert, Shoat f= Shorteut Menu: Rigntlick the sheet and click Add Shot ‘The drawing sheets are aedered as they rw create. The names appear inthe FeatureManagercesign tee and as Excel tas tthe boom ofthe graphics area, Asivate a shee by rightclicking inthe FeatureManager designee and clicking Aetivat or clicking aah Doren Use the First Sheet Hand Last Sheet Hi lutons to move othe frst and last sets, ‘Sheets canbe reordered using the standard drag and drop technique. ‘This method canbe use in the FeatireManagcr design tre and abs “Muliple sheets ean be moved using Ct-seleton Rights the ds ingtab and click Rename.Copying a Sheet Creating a Drawing ForMoreinformation Drawing hess can be copied within the same raving or arose different SolidWorks drawing files. Rightlick the drawing tab and eck Copy. The Standard 3 View fs) {© Men insert, Draweng View, Standard 3 View = Task Pane View Paleto @, drag draving view onto the drawing shoet © Siandard 3 View ‘Standard 3 Views. Insert the Pront, Top and Right views ofthe Spring Clamp using the ‘Standard 3 View tool. Use ParUAssembly to insert to sles the part and select the Simplified configuration for Reference Configuration.Drenng Shests and Views Note 10 Display of arawing Testanaard3 view | (TD tool erates aligned Top, Frontend Rigntdcwng || ge views. Move the views to 7 approximately the postions shown Other options re 1 crete the Bront, Top, Bottom, Right and Isometric views atthe same time using the Multiple Views option ‘vith Named View, or se the View Palette Sketching in Drawing Views Making a Drawing View Active Some drawing views require or allow sketching within the view, rather than jus over the view. These views, most notably sections and deal, require thatthe view be active before sketching 9 thatthe sketch _peometry wil be assorted withthe view ‘The following views reuire sketching and automatically toggle on 2 speife sketch tol inthe nearest view: Section views (Lins) f= Aligned section viens (Line) 1 Detail views (Cis) 1 Broken-out section views (Spline) ‘Tre falling views requite sketched geometry to be created within the view but do not sugues any specifi sketch oo. The view must be ‘manually activated pric sketching. = Cropped views = Empy views 1 Rotated section views ‘Options to manually aeivate a drawing view or he shet ae discussed below ‘Aview canbe activated with single lick inside the border + ‘of the view or by name inthe FeatureManager design tree. TP ‘The active view is indiaed by a dated ble bord hat encloses the view. The dished border color may be diferent ‘depending onthe System Options, Colors sting).Locking View and Sheet Focus Lock View Position Flyout FeatureManager Lock View Focus is used when you nee view to remain active as you work within it '= Tomake view active and locked right-click the view > and click Lock View Focus or doublelck he view, TP. This allows you to ad sketch entities toa view, even when the pointers elas o another view. You can be soe that the ems you are adding belong the view you want. The view is ‘marked with s dashed blue border and solid comers. '# Toswitch bck io dynamic view ativaton, rightclick the active ‘ew and clic Unlock View Focus. f= Lock Sheet Focus slows yo to a sketch ents to these Others the sketch ene belong othe, TP ‘view that is active or loses to where you Begin sketching. No view activated when he shat focus is locked on. ‘= Tounlock, rightclick an empty are o the drawing sheot and lick Unioek Sheet Focus {Lock View Position prevents view ftom being moved by dragging. = Lock view by rgheliking andclcking Lock View Position “This prevents the view ftom being moved dec. Ifthe view as 8 parent that i unlocked, moving te parent will move the child t= Rightelick and click Unlock View Postion to uniock a view. The drawing view bork (dotted boundary) camo be resid by the user. The border wll automatically change size asthe geometry viewed within it requires. Drawing sheets, views and related models can be Selected from the FeatureManager design ree | or fom the Flyout FeaturoManager. The flyout appears in the upper leftof the graphics area ‘when the banner ofa dreving view in the PropertyManage is selected, Tecoves the drawing and any views. I ean be expanded, ike the standard FeatureManager design te, or closed witha cick on the drawing sheet.‘rowing Sheet and ews Detail Views ‘Whore to Find t ForMorelnformation etal Views creates new drawing view whichis an enlarged portion ‘of an existing view. The enlarged portion i enclosed using sketch soomety, usualy a eitele or oer closed contour. ‘= CommandManages View Layout > Detal View {i f= Menu: Insert, Drawing View, Detail f= Shortcut Menu: Right-lckthe sheet and click Drawing Views, Detall View © Detat Pew Projected View Where to Find it For More information 11 Detail views ‘Adé three Detal Views othe drawing, Detil A and B= 44, Dewil = 8:4 Projected Views are crcated by folding ofan existing view in one of| Four possible projections. 18 Command Manager: View Layout » Projected View 3) 1 Menu: Insert, Drawing View, Projected ‘Shoteut Menu: Rightelick the sheet and click Drawing Views, Projected View, © Projected View‘Section View Whore to Find t ForMorelnformation “The Section View tol creates a new drawing view that is defined by cuting an existing view witha setion ine. 1 CommandManager: View Layout > Section View SI ‘Menu: Inert, Drawing View, Section f= Shorceu Menu: Righ-ick the shet and click Drawing Views, Section View ® Section ews in Drawings Note 12 Projected and Sectior views. Click Projected View and select the Bront view asthe source, Place the vies bolow te source view. Click Section View (and sketch short horizontal line as shown to reate a partial section view: When his message appeats ‘The section line does not completely out through the bounding ‘box of the model in tis view. Do you want this to be a partial con out? Click Yes, Use custom sale of 4:4 snd Break Alignment 1 place the view as shown, Holding down the Ctl key during sketching wil prevent relations from ‘being added automatically. Als, using the Ct key while placing the view breaks the aljnment to the parent view,rening Sheet ana Views Model View Where to Find It For tore Information Sota 2012 “The Model View tol creates a single view based ona predefined view ‘orientation: Top, Front, Isometric and so on. The view can also be ‘based ona named view in the part or assembly: The View Palette can also be used a ereate an orientation based view ‘© CommandManages: View Layout > Model View fi {© Menu: Insert, Drawing View, Model 1» Tusk Pane: View Palette @, drag. drasvng view ont the drawing sheet © Model View © Vow Polene 19 Model Views, Click Model View fi and add two pctrial views Use the views Perspective and Reverse that were defined inthe par. Use @ custom scale of #1 foreach viewView Settings View Display Mode View Display Modes For More information 4 6 rng San a et ‘After he view hasbeen created, various stings can change the sppearance ofthe part. ‘The drawing view can be displayed in several modes. Both wireframe nd shaded displays ae avaiable. You also have control over the Aspley of tangent edges. You can select which configuration of the part is displayed, to. CChange the View Display Modes to override the default etings for some ofthe views © Drawing View Dspiay Spe © Tangent Edge Display Overview Display Modes. Alle views were ees using the same default stings. Change the “Tangont Edge, View Display and Configuration settings for some of the views f= SEOTIOW 1.1; Tangont Edges Remov ‘= DETAIL C: Tangent Edges Removed 1 Pengpective view: Shaded with Edges f= Reverse view: Shaded with Edges ‘Save the drawing. [Name the drawing Spring Clamp Drawing,‘ay Seta we Centermarks and Centerlines Conter Marks ‘where to Find t ForMore information ‘Add Center Marks Center Marks and Centertines are annotations used to mar circle centers and describe the geometry size onthe drawing. The Contor Mark command creates a center mark, ora centr point, on | selected circular edges for holes, lets, and slots Selecting acvle creates a center mark Selecting an ae creates a center pont. “The command optional y erates center marks or center pots onal hoes fillets, o slots na selected drawing view ‘© CommandManagee: Annotation > Center Mark f= Menu: Insert, Annotations, Centor Mark fShortew Meno: Right-click inthe graphics area and cick. ‘Annotations, Centar Mark © Comer Marks Center Marks should be ade to the drawing prior to the aiton of ‘dimensions and annotations, You ean resize them or modify thei. appearance, 16 Add Center Marks ‘AdG single canter mas to —\F = the circular edges ofthe Front and Prejeoted 17 Restzo, rag te center mak ends inthe Projected iw to resize them.Centertines Centerines are eeatdasfoted lines and aes in the drawing view. [Add ceterlines othe cawing prior tothe adion of dimensions and ‘annotations. You can resize them or modify their apperance. WheretoFind tm CommandManager: Annotation > Centering (3) |= Menu: Insert, Annotations, Centertine f# Shortt Menu: Right-click inthe graphics area and click ‘Annotations, Centerline ForMoreinformation @ Centerline Annotations anerin by draping, Select the eylindrieal face in the DETAIL C view and add - conterine, Resize the 10 More contetines. Aitvcemarinetsibcirmiarzose feature ofthe Projected view. Resize the centerline soit passes trough Both tees, co‘Model Edges in the View Show Hidden Edges ‘Where to Find it ‘Solano 2012 ‘The visible model edges that appear in drawing views canbe hidden, fated, colored o thickened to enhance the drawing presentation, “Hidden edges can also be shown by selected fetue ‘Thehidden edges of one or more features ean be shown in. view set to Hidden Lines Removes Menu: Select view and cick Ett, Propertion 1 Shortcut Menu: Righ-ca view and click Properties f= Draving View PropertyMansger: More Properties ForMoroinformation @ Show Hiden Edges 20 Show Hidden Edges, ‘Add the hidden lines fora single feature tothe ‘Top view. Selet the view and lick More Properties. Click the Show Hiddon Edges tab and use the FeatureManager design recto add the Spring ‘Mount Ring othe ist. Click OKDring Shwe ns ne ‘The drewing should lod similar to the image below,Exercise 1: Creating Views Tp tinge ‘Create his drawing wit the views as shown, This lab uses the following skills © Sheet FormaySize © Mew Patene @ Model Few © Auatiary Rew © Seetion Ves in Drawings © Data ew The previous cross-references refer to $ About This Course on page 2 Use 2 G-Landscape shoe, the Shifter Fork part and your choice of| idWotks help topics. Soe‘rong Aer Vows Exercise 2: Creating Auxiliary Views Creat this drawing wit the views as shown. This lab uses the following skills: © Steer FormavSie © Stew Palete © Model View © Projected Few © Auta Mew © Detail Yew Use a C-Landscape shee, the shaft yoke part and your choie ofExercise 3: Create his drawing with the views as shown, This abuses the Creating following skills Cropped Views — @ Sheer FormaSize © Siew Palene © Model View @ Projected Rew Section Views in Dcwings © Detail Yew © Grp New Usea C-Landscapo shot, the Housing prt and your choice of units. @ 6ena Exercise 4: Create this dang wih the views as shown. This ab uses the Creating folowing skis: Broken-out ———@ sheer FormanSize Section Views View Pole ® Model Few © Projected New © Broken-ou Section © Grp Hew © Copying and Pasting Fews Use a ¢-Landscape sheet, the Tie tron part and your choice of wits.Exercise 5: Creating Broken Views. rang arate ot ‘Create his drawing with he Views as shown, This abuses the following sil D Sheer FormarSize View Patere D Model ew ® Broten New @ Rotaed Section Views @ Section ews in Drawings © Aligning Mews Uses BLandseape ceret@®@] the Turned part and your choice of unis.‘Upon succesful completion ofthis lesson, you will beable to f= Insert and manipulate diving dimensions. f= Create riven dimensions 1 Edit the properties ofa dimension.Dimensions References. Types of Dimensions Insort Model ems Groupings of Dimensions Note Dimensions describe the shape of the part or assembly shown inthe Arawing views. mens ons in a SolidWorks drawing are associated ‘withthe mode, and changes in the model are elected in the drawing. ® Dimensions in Drawings © Annotations Overview There are two main types of dimensions ‘= Model dimensions ‘Model dimension are created es you crate each part feature. You then inser those dimensions nt he various drawing views 1 Reference dimensions Reference dimensions, o driven dimensions, canbe addin the Mode! items f= Menu Insert, Modol tems © Inserting Model Hens ® Moving and Copyirg Dimensions Open 2 drawing fie Open Spring Clamp Dimensions from the Lessontia\Case Study folder, Ths i similar wo the dawing you completed in the previous lesson, Dimensions ofa featre. Selet the rectangular fice inthe vow DETAIL. This sa face ofthe Groove [~~ “Lat ear, i i i i DETAL scales Insort Mode! ems. a Click Model tems and select Marked for drawing The Import ——) ‘rom listing automaticly chooses Selocted feature +r Click ox, ETAL 8 SCALEA?T4 Multiple fostures. Select the faces oF to features (Groove Right and Grcove Right ‘Fattern) inthe DETAIL A view: Click Model tems end select the Marked for drawing option, V sh Ba 5 Select in FeatureManager design tree. Inser dimensions into the DETAIL. C view by sletng the view and the features Csraular Boss Cbase) and Cireular Boss in the eaureManager design ree. | z By a | i a | U DETAILC SCALES: 1Souatores 2012 Lesson? 6 Insert into view. Selec the thee views indicated, click Model toms include Instance/Revolution counts tothe Marked for drawing option tnd sclct Entire model, All dimensions that are valid for those views axe insered 1 OF [Ree f= 7 Instance counts. Move the ovo instance dimensions (and 4 tothe dau vews shown teight The instance ccuns appear as iter valuas among the Smart Dimension 3) 1 Menu: Tools, Dimensions, Smart fF Shoreut Mena: Right-click in the graphics area and lick Smart Dimension ForMoreinformation © Reference DimensionsRapid Dimension Where to Find it ‘You can use one ofthe Rapid Dimension manipulators to place driven dimensions so they are evenly spaced and easier to read. The Rapid Dimension manipulator appear when you inser riven dimensions in drawing views 1 Forliear dimensions, move the pointer aver the Se manips. s+ Formal er meter dimensions move the pine over the SPB menipolatoe " Driven dimension, ‘Adda Driven ference)