International Journal of Mechanical and Production

Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD)

ISSN (P): 2249-6890; ISSN (E): 2249-8001
Vol. 8, Issue 4, Aug 2018, 1037-1042
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WAVE FRONT AT THE TRANSVERSELY

ELASTIC MEDIUM WITH VARIABLE PROPERTIES

NABIL WANAS MUSA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
ABSTRACT

This paper solves the basis of the ray-path method, the problem about the wave propagation and
transformation, which are generated by the shock pressure field in the spherical enclosure of the transversely isotropic
elastic medium with the non-uniform density and non-uniform parameters. The techniques for construction of evolving
system of the fronts and rays are proposed. The geometric singularity forms on the front surfaces for the different
values of the both anisotropy and heterogeneity elastic medium are analyzed

The problem about propagation and transformation of discontinuous wave fronts in transversely isotropic
heterogeneous elastic media is investigated.

KEYWORDS: Discontinuous Wave, Heterogeneous Elastic Media, Interrupting Wave Front, Anisotropic Media &

Original Article
Shock Wave

Received: Jun 11, 2018; Accepted: Jul 02, 2018; Published: Aug 11, 2018; Paper Id: IJMPERDAUG2018107

1. INTRODUCTION

Through studies the tasks of the seismology, the seismography and through the analysis of the dynamic
behaviour of tectonic structures under the influence of explosive disturbances there are some actual crucial tasks of
mathematical simulation of the processes of the front reconstruction of shock waves at the anisotropic mediums
with the variable properties. The specificities of the dynamic conditions, which arise in these cases, are related to
the short duration of the high-intensity initial pressure field, usually concentrated on the initial time stage in the
little area, and to the reconstruction of the pressure shock front surface in the measure of its extension.
As the border of the area, designated for the determination, is evolving with the wave front movement, the
traditional methods of the boundary problem solving of mathematical physics are ineffective for the analysis of
such processes [1&2]. Usually, through studies of the pressure shock front the highest attention is paid to the
questions of geometrical construction of surfaces of fractures of the field functions and the evaluation of these
fractures, which provide the information about the pressure shock front and the impulse intensity, which is
transferred at each front point. That’s why, the geometrical optics methods play an important role in the assignment
and the solving of such tasks [3], especially the zero-order approximation of the ray-path method, which provides
the best quantitative description of the wide variety of the wave propagation effects of different physical nature [4].
The usage of the ray-path method involves the selection of the function of the wave optical path (eikonal function)
and the construction of the eikonal of ray system and the pressure shock fronts with the help of the formula.
This task is easy solvable for the isotropic mediums. The physical phenomenon of the dynamic conditions
suddenly complicates through studies of the wave propagation of the strong explosion at the inhomogeneous elastic

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1038 Nabil Wanas Musa

anisotropic subsurface [5&6], as in these cases the field function is vector-mode; for each of the direction, there is three
types of waves, which differ by the polarization; the wave speeds depend both on the wave polarization and the
propagation direction; the rays, in the general case, are non-orthogonal to a surface of the wave front, and the ray speeds
differ from the phase one, and between their directions there is always no one-to-one correspondence. With the advent of
the medium non uniformity, the rays are bending, and on the fronts surface there may be formed the geometrical features in
the form of caustics (catastrophes) [7-9].

2. TECHNIQUE OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION

Let’s consider the transversely isotropic elastic medium. In consequence of the symmetry properties, the tensor

cik , pq components of the elastic constants of the medium can be represented as a hexastichous square structured matrix.

 λ + 2µ λ λ −l 0 0 0 
 
 λ λ + 2µ − p λ − l 0 0 0 
( cik , pq ) =  λ −l λ −l λ + 2µ 0 0 0 , (1)
 
 0 0 0 µ −m 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 µ 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 µ − m 


where λ і µ – the parameters of Lame, l, m, p – the constants, which differ the medium from the isotropic one.
For the inhomogeneous medium these parameters are the coordinate х1, х2, х3 functions.

The dynamic balance of the elastic medium in the Cartesian reference system x1 , x2 , x3 is determined by the
system of three differential equations

3
∂ 2 uq ∂ 2 ui
∑ λ ik , pq
k , p ,q =1 ∂ xk ∂ x p
−
∂ t2
= 0 (i = 1,2,3), (2)

where λ ik , pq = cik , pq / ρ ; cik , pq – the parameters of the elasticity; ρ – the density; u1 , u 2 , u3 – the vector

components of the elastic displacements, t – the time.

Taking into consideration anisotropic mediums the rays, in general cases, are non-orthogonal to a surface of the

wave front, we will distinguish the vectors of the phase v and ray ξ speeds, considering that the, nt is a surface of the
stationary phase n ⋅ r − v t = const , the elementary area of which moves along the local unit normal element n at a speed
of v. In this place r – the radius-vector of the front point.

The polarization vectors of the A wave and its phase speed v for the selected direction n we can build from the
homogeneous system of the algebraic equations [3, 4]

∑λ
k , p ,q =1
ik , pq nk n p Aq − v 2 Ai = 0 (i = 1,2,3) (3)

as the Eigen values and vector of matrix of its coefficients.

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The Transformation of the Wave Front at the Transversely 1039
Elastic Medium with Variable Properties

From the existence condition of the non-trivial solutions of this system there leaks out the formula of the third

degree in respect of the phase speed square v2

3

∑λ
k , p =1
ik , pq nk n p − v 2δ iq = 0 (4)

with the help of which for each normal direction n we can define and locate in descending order three speeds of
the different polarized waves.

2
By the giving to the value v 2 at the system (3) in turns one of the determined values vr (n) (r = 1, 2, 3), we can

define the components of the polarization vectors A ( r ) of the three waves, which moves toward the considered direction

with their phase speeds v r (n) .

The surface of the pressure shock front is defined by the formula [3]

τ ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) − t = 0 , (5)

where the function τ must satisfy the differential equation at the differential derivatives of the first order
3

∑λ
i ,k , p ,q =1
ik , pq pk p p A (qr ) A i( r ) = 1 , (6)

That summarizes the eikonal equation from the geometrical optics in case of the elastic anisotropic waves.

The values p k (k = 1, 2, 3) which are included in (6) present the components of the refraction vector

p k ≡ ∂ τ ∂ x k = n k v r (n) (k = 1,2,3).

The wave front (5) of the shock wave at the homogeneous an isotropic medium is constructed after the finding of
the equation solution (6), which, with the help of the characteristic method reduces to the system of the simple differential
equations
3
dxk dτ = ξ k = ∑λ
i , p , q =1
ik , pq p p A (qr ) A i( r ) , (7)
dpk dτ = 0 , (k = 1,2,3).

The first group of these equations describes the wave propagation along the ray with the ray speed
ξ = ξ ( r ) (n, xk ) . The second group of equations designates the ray straightness at the homogeneous medium.

However, if the elastic medium is non-homogeneous, the equation (7) is replaced by the more complicated
formula [3, 10-12]

3
dxm
= ξ m ≡ ∑ λ im, pq p p A (qr ) A i( r ) (m = 1, 2, 3),
dτ i , p ,q =1
,

dpm − 1 3 ∂λ ik , pq
dτ
= ηm ≡ ∑
2 i ,k , p ,q =1 ∂xm
pk p p A q( r ) A i( r ) (8)

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1040 Nabil Wanas Musa

The presented dependences (8) permit to describe the fronts of the complex geometry, which are reconstructed
during their extension. In such case the rays become curvilinear.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

On the basis of the proposed methods it was proved that the wave propagation tasks, which are generated by the
shock pressure field at the spherical enclosure of the transversely isotropic elastic medium with the non-uniform density
and the non-uniform parameters of Lame. The results of the computational software simulation of the process of the
extension of shock wave front for three different laws of parameter changing of the elastic medium are as follows:

• The density ρchanges by the vertical variable х3 according to the following law:

ρ = ρ 0 + β  0,83 1 ⋅106 + (x3 + 11250)2 − 0,83 1 ⋅106 + (x3 + 11000)2  , x 3 ∈ [− 15000; − 7500 ) ,
 

ρ = ρ 0 + β  − 0,83 1 ⋅106 + ( x3 + 3750)2 + 0,83 1 ⋅106 + ( x3 + 3500)2  , x3 ∈ [− 7500; 0] ,

 

Where ρ 0 = 2760 кg / м 3 , E = 3 ⋅ 1011 , σ = 0,1 , β = 5 , (Figure 1b).

Figure 1

According to the appearance of the system of rays and fronts of the interrupting quasi-longitudinal qP (figure 1a)
and quasi-transverse qS (figure 1c), which are extended at the medium with the considered law of the density changing
(figure 1b) it may be concluded that at the points, where the density attains the largest value, there is the significant ray
path bending both the quasi-longitudinal and the quasi-transverse waves. This lead to the rays superposing and to the
appearance on their fronts of the geometrical features in the form of the caustics where we can consider a significant
intensity increase of the stress field.

• The parameter of Lame λ changes according to the following law:

λ = λ0 + β  0,83 1 ⋅106 + ( x3 + 11250 )2 − 0,83 1 ⋅106 + (x3 + 11000 )2  , x3 ∈ [− 15000 ; − 7500 ) ,

 

λ = λ0 + β  − 0,83 1 ⋅106 + ( x3 + 3750)2 + 0,83 1 ⋅106 + ( x3 + 3500)2  , x3 ∈ [− 7500; 0] ,

 

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The Transformation of the Wave Front at the Transversely 1041
Elastic Medium with Variable Properties

λ0 = 3,4 ⋅1010 , E = 3⋅1011 , σ = 0,1 , β = 5 ⋅108 (figure 2 b),

Figure 2

In this case there was also noticed the tendency towards the ray path bending of quasi-longitudinal qP wave
(figure 2a) with the increase of the parameter λ value and the formation of the negligible particularities on the front of qP
wave if reached the maximum values, while the changing of this parameter had no influences on the form of the front of
quasi-transverse qS-wave (figure 2b)

• The Lame λ parameter changes according to the following law:

λ = λ0 + β  − 0,83 1 ⋅106 + ( x3 + 11250)2 + 0,83 1 ⋅106 + (x3 + 11000)2 + 210  , x3 ∈ [− 15000; − 7500 ) ,
 

λ = λ0 + β  0,83 1 ⋅106 + (x3 + 3750)2 − 0,83 1 ⋅106 + (x3 + 3500)2 + 210  , x3 ∈ [− 7500; 0] ,
 

λ0 = 3,4 ⋅1010 , E = 3⋅1011 , σ = 0,1 , β = 1⋅1010 . (figure 3 b).

Figure 3

4. CONCLUSIONS

The Lame λ parameter changing in one case leads to the negligible ray path bending of quasi-longitudinal qP
wave in the points where the values λ are directed to the minimal. In this case the wave front extends, however the rays

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1042 Nabil Wanas Musa

are not superposing and the caustics are not forming. The quasi-transverse qS-wave, as in the case 2) does not undergo
changes, suggesting that Lame λ parameter changing does not influence on the mode of propagation of transverse waves.
The represented systems of rays and fronts permit to estimate the pattern of the voltage changing during the
extension of their surface interruption. It is obvious that in the zones of rays’ accumulation there is the concentration of the
stress field, and in the zones of their divergence – the intensity decrease.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Author would like to express his sincere gratitude to the University of Philadelphia represented by the faculty
member of Engineering and the Deanship of scientific research and higher education for their support.

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