Pilot

CNC PILOT
4290
Software version 6.4/7.0

English (en)
6/2003
CNC PILOT 4290V7.0—Keyboard CNC PILOT 4290 V7.0—Keyboard
Manual operating mode INS (insert)
■ Insert list element
■ Close dialog box, save data
Automatic operating mode
Numerals (0...9) ...
For entering numbers and selecting soft keys
Programming modes (DIN PLUS,
Simulation, TURN PLUS) Minus
For entering an algebraic sign
Organization modes (Parameter,
Service, Transfer) Decimal point

Display error status

Enter
To confirm your input
Call info system

Cursor keys
ESC (escape)
Moves the cursor by one position
■ Go back by one menu level in the direction of the arrow (one
■ Close dialog box, do not save data character, one field, one line, etc.)
“Continue key” Page Up, Page Down ...
For special functions (e.g. marking) ■ Go to previous/next screen page
DEL (delete) ■ Go to previous/next dialog box
■ Switch between input windows
■ Deletes the list element
■ Deletes the selected character or the character
to the left of the cursor
ALT (alter)
■ Edit the list element
CNC PILOT 4290V6.4—Keyboard CNC PILOT 4290V6.4—Keyboard
Operating modes key Numerals (0...9) ...
Call the selection of operating modes For entering numbers and selecting soft keys
Display error status Minus
For entering an algebraic sign
Call the info system Decimal point

ESC Enter
■ Go back by one menu level To confirm your input
■ Close dialog box, do not save data
Cursor keys
>> (“continue” key) Moves the cursor by one position
For special functions (e.g. marking) in the direction of the arrow (one
character, one field, one line, etc.)
DEL
Delete key Page Up, Page Down ...
■ Go to previous/next screen page
ALT (alter)
■ Go to previous/next dialog box
■ Edit the list element
■ Switch between input windows
INS (insert)
■ Insert list element
■ Close dialog box, save data
4
The Pilot Contents
... is your concise programming guide for the HEIDENHAIN
CNC PILOT 4290 contouring control. For more comprehen- DIN Programming .............................................................. 6
sive information on programming and operating, refer to the Overview: G Functions for Contour Description ................ 6
CNC PILOT User's Manual.
Program Section Codes ..................................................... 8
Certain symbols are used in the Pilot to denote specific types G Functions for Contour Description ................................. 10
of information:
Front, Rear and Lateral Surface Contours .......................... 26

Important note! Overview: G Functions for the Machining Part .................. 42

Simple Linear and Circular Movements ............................. 45
Feed Rate, Spindle Speed .................................................. 48
Warning: Danger for the user or the machine! Tool-Tip and Cutter Radius Compensation (TRK) ................ 50
Datum Shifts, Oversizes ................................................... 51
Chapter in User's Manual. Here you will find more Tools, Compensation ......................................................... 57
detailed information on the current topic. Turning, Drilling and Threading Cycles ............................... 59
C-Axis Machining .............................................................. 82
Other G Functions ............................................................. 90
The information in this Pilot applies to the CNC PILOT with
the software number 340 340 460-xx (release 6.4) and the Subprograms ..................................................................... 94
CNC PILOT with the software number 368 650-xx (release
7.0).

5
 DIN Programming Program section codes Page
NC blocks start with the letter “N” followed by a block Program section codes 8
number (with up to four digits). Definition of blank Page
Comments are enclosed in parentheses „[...]“. They are G20-Geo Chuck part, cylinder/tube 10
located either at the end of an NC block or in a separate NC G21-Geo Cast part 10
block.
Basic elements for contour description Page
DIN Programming

G0-Geo Starting point of contour 11

Instructions for operation G1-Geo Line segment 11
During editing, the CNC PILOT shows programmed contours
G2-Geo Arc with incr. center dimensioning 12
in a maximum of two simulation windows. You can select
the windows from the DIN PLUS main menu (Menu item G3-Geo Arc with incr. center dimensioning 12
”Graphics—Windows”). G12-Geo Arc with abs. center dimensioning 12
G13-Geo Arc with abs. center dimensioning 12
■ The starting point of the contour will be marked with a
”small box” Contour form elements Page
■ If the cursor is located on a block from ”blank or finished G22-Geo Recess (standard) 13
part”, the corresponding contour element will be indicated in G23-Geo Recess/relief turn 14
red in the simulation window (”Contour display”)
G24-Geo Thread with undercut 15
• Additions/changes to the contour will only be G25-Geo Undercut contour 16
considered if the ”Graphics” menu item is G34-Geo Thread (standard) 19
reactivated. G37-Geo Thread (general) 20
• Unambiguous NC block numbers are a prerequisite G49-Geo Bore hole at turning center 22
for the contour display!

• For programming variables, see ”CNC PILOT 4290

User's Manual”
• For programming in the Y axis, see
”CNC PILOT 4290 with Y Axis User's Manual”

6
 Overviesw: Contour description
Help commands for contour description Page Elements of the lateral surface contour Page
Overview: Help commands for contour definition 23 G110-Geo Starting point of lateral surface contour 34
G7-Geo Precision stop ON 23 G111-Geo Line segment on lateral surface 34
G8-Geo Cycle stop OFF 23 G112-Geo Circular arc on lateral surface 35
G9-Geo Precision stop blockwise 23 G113-Geo Circular arc on lateral surface 35
G10-Geo Peak-to-valley height 23 G310-Geo Bore hole on lateral surface 36
G38-Geo Feed rate reduction 24 G311-Geo Linear slot, lateral surface 37
G39-Geo Attributes of superimposed elements 24 G312-Geo Circular slot on lateral surface 37
G52-Geo Blockwise oversize 25 G313-Geo Circular slot on lateral surface 37
G95-Geo Feed per revolution 25 G314-Geo Full circle on cylindrical surface 38
G149-Geo Additive compensation 25 G315-Geo Rectangle on lateral surface 38
Superimposed contours Page G317-Geo Eccentric polygon on lateral surface 39
G411-Geo Linear pattern, lateral surface 40
G308-Geo Beginning of pocket/island 26 G412-Geo Circular pattern, lateral surface 41
G309-Geo End of pocket/island 26
Elements of the end face contour Page
G100-Geo Starting point of face contour 27
G101-Geo Line segment on face 27
G102-Geo Circular arc on face 28
G103-Geo Circular arc on face 28
G300-Geo Bore hole on face 29
G301-Geo Linear slot on face 30
G302-Geo Circular slot on face 30
G303-Geo Circular slot on face 30
G304-Geo Full circle on face 31
G305-Geo Rectangle on face 31 Circular arc on lateral surface
G307-Geo Eccentric polygon on face 32
G401-Geo Linear pattern on face 32
G402-Geo Circular pattern on face 33

7
 Program section codes ■ SLIDE: NC program is only executed for the indicated slide – No in-
put: NC program is executed for every slide (input: “$1, $2, ...”)
When you create a new DIN program, certain pro-
gram section codes are already entered. Delete or ■ UNIT: unit of measurement ”metric/inches”—No input: the unit set
add codes, depending on the task. A DIN program in control parameter 1 is used
must include the codes ”MACHINING” and ”END.”
Program section codes

The ”Unit” can be programmed only when a new program is

being created (set under PROGRAM HEAD). It is not possible
to post-edit this entry.
Overview of program section codes
PROGRAMMKOPF [ PROGRAM HEAD ]
TURRET x
TURRET
contains the assignment for the tool carrier x (x: 1..6). If the tool is de-
CLAMPING DEVICE
scribed in the data bank, enter the T number and the ID number. Alter-
ROHTEIL [ BLANK ]
nately, you can define the tool parameters in the NC program.
FERTIGTEIL [ FINISHED PART ]
FRONT END Tool data input:
REAR END Call the tool input: INS key
CYLINDER SURFACE T-number: position in the tool carrier
AUXILIARY CONTOUR ID (identification number): reference to the tool database– No in-
BEARBEITUNG [ MACHINING ] put: tool data is not included in the tool database.
ENDE [ END ]
SUBPROGRAM Simple tool:
RETURN ■ Only suitable for simple traverse paths and turning cycles (G0...G3,
G12, G13; G81...G88).
■ There is no regeneration of the contour.
PROGRAMMKOPF [ PROGRAM HEAD ] ■ Cutter radius compensation is carried out.
The PROGRAM HEAD comprises:
■ Data are not stored in the tool database (”Simple tools” have no ID).
■ Organizational information (does not influence
program execution)
■ Setup information (does not influence program Continued

execution)

8
Enhanced input: No limitations for use of the tool (data is transferred ■ LATERAL SURFACE X.. : section ”Lateral surface
to the tool database during program conversion.) contour” – ”X..”
■ AUXILIARY CONTOUR: indicates further contour
If you do not program TURRET, the tools entered in the turret definitions
table will be used.

Program section codes

If you have several independent contour defi-
nitions, then repeated use of the program
CLAMPING DEVICE x section codes (FRONT END, REAR END,
Defines the type of clamping device X used on the spindle (x: 1..4). etc.) is permitted.
If you do not program CLAMPING DEVICE, the machining simulation BEARBEITUNG [ MACHINING ]
assumes there is no clamping device (see also G65). Program section for the machining of the workpiece.
Parameters MACHINING must be included in your program.
H: Clamping device number (reference for G65) – Range: 1 † H † 9
ID: Identification number of clamping device ENDE [ END ]
X: Clamping diameter Ends your NC program. The code END must be
Q: Chucking shape – defines the position of the clamping device ref- included in your program (replaces M30).
erence point (see G65)
SUBPROGRAM ”12345678”
ROHTEIL [ BLANK ] If you define a subprogram within your NC program
Program section for the definition of the blank. (within the same file), it is identified with
SUBPROGRAM, followed by the name of the
FERTIGTEIL [ FINISHED PART ] subprogram (max. 8 characters).
Program section for the contour definition of the finished part.
Additional program section codes within the finished part definition: RETURN
Ends your NC subprogram.
■ FRONT END Z.. : Section ”Front end contour” – ”Z..” defines the po-
sition of the front contour.
■ REAR SIDE Z.. : Section ”Rear side contour” – ”Z..” defines the posi-
tion of the rear side contour.

9
 Blank material for cylinder/pipe G20-Geo
G20 defines the contour of a cylinder/hollow cylinder.
Parameters
X: ■ Diameter of cylinder/hollow cylinder
■ Diameter of circumference of polygonal blank
Z: Length of blank
Definition of blank

K: Right edge (distance between workpiece datum and right edge)

I: Inside diameter for hollow cylinders

Cast part G21-Geo

G21 generates the contour of the blank part from the contour of the
finished part – plus the ”equidistant allowance P.”
Parameters
P: Equidistant finishing allowance (reference: finished part contour)
Q: Bore holes yes/no – default: Q=0
■ Q=0: without bore holes
■ Q=1: with bore holes

10
Starting point of turning contour G0 Geo
G0 defines the starting point of a turning contour.
Parameters
X, Z: Starting point of the contour (X diameter value)

contour description
Basic elements for
Line segment in a contour G1-Geo
G1 defines a line segment in a turning contour.
Parameters
X, Z: End point (X diameter value)
A: Angle to rotary axis – for angle direction see illustration
Q: Select point of intersection – default: 0
■ Q=0: Near intersection
■ Q=1: Far intersection
B: Chamfer/rounding
■ B is undefined: Tangential transition
■ B=0: Nontangential transition
■ B>0: Rounding radius
■ B<0: Chamfer width
E: Special feed-rate factor (0 < E † 1) – default: 1
(special feed rate = active feed rate * E)
11
 Circular arc in a contour
G2/G3-Geo – incremental, G12/G13-Geo – absolute center
coordinates
G2/G3 or G12/G13 defined a circular arc in a contour. The direction of
rotation is visible in the help graphic.
Parameters
contour description

X, Z: End point (X diameter value)

Basic elements for

R: Radius
Q: Selection of intersection – default: 0
■ Q=0: Far intersection
■ Q=1: Near intersection
B: Chamfer/ rounding at end of circular arc
■ B no entry: tangential transition
■ B=0: no tangential transition
■ B>0: Radius of rounding
■ B<0: Width of chamfer Example: G2-Geo
E: Special feed-rate factor (0 < E † 1) – default: 1
(special feed rate = active feed rate * E)
With G2/G3:
I: Center point incremental (distance from starting point to center
as radius)
K: Center point incremental (distance from starting point to center)
With G12/G13:
I: Absolute center (radius)
K: Absolute center

12 Example: G12-Geo
Recess (standard) G22-Geo
G22 defines a recess on an axis-parallel reference element (G1). G22 is
assigned to the previously programmed reference element.
Parameters

for contour description

X: Starting point of recess on the end surface (diameter)
Z: Starting point of recess on lateral surface
I, K: Inside corner
■ I for recess on front face: recess end point (diameter value)

Form elements
■ K for recess on end face: recess base
■ I for recess on lateral surface: recess base (diameter value)
■ K for recess on lateral surface: recess end point
Ii, Ki: Inside corner – incremental (pay attention to sign !)
■ Ii for recess on end face: recess width
■ Ki for recess on end face: recess depth
■ Ii for recess on lateral surface: recess depth
■ Ki for recess on lateral surface: end point of recess (recess
width)
B: Outside radius/chamfer (at both ends of the recess) – default: 0
■ B>0: Radius of the rounding
■ B<0: Width of the chamfer
R: Inside radius (in both corners of recess) – default: 0

Program either X or Z.

13
 Recess (general) G23-Geo
G23 defines a recess on a linear reference element (G1). G23 is
assigned to the previously programmed reference element. On the la-
teral surface the recess can be positioned on an inclined reference
straight.
for contour description

Parameters
H: Recess type – default: 0
■ H=0: symmetrical recess
■ H=1: free rotation
Form elements

X: Center point of recess on end surface (diameter)

Z: Center point of recess on lateral surface
I: Recess depth and position
■ I>0: recess to right of reference element
■ I<0: recess to left of reference element
K: Recess width (without chamfer/rounding)
Simple recess
U: Recess diameter (diameter of recess floor) – use only if the
reference element runs parallel to the Z axis.
A: Recess angle – default: 0
■ with H=0: 0° † A < 180° (angle between edges of recess)
■ with H=1: 0° < A † 90° (angle between reference straight and
recess edge)
B: Outside radius/corner. Starting point near corner - default: 0
■ B>0: Radius of rounding
■ B<0: Width of chamfer
P: Outside radius/corner. Starting point distant from corner - default: 0
■ P>0: Radius of rounding
■ P<0: Width of chamfer
R: Inside radius (in both corners of recess) – default: 0

The CNC PILOT refers the recess depth to the reference

element. The recess base runs parallel to the reference
element.
14 Recess or free rotation
Thread with undercut G24-Geo
G24 defines a linear base element, a linear thread (external or internal
thread; metric ISO fine-pitch thread DIN 13 Part 2, Series 1) and a sub-
sequent thread undercut (DIN 76).

for contour description

Calling the contour macro:
N..G1 X..Z..B.. /Starting point for thread
N..G24 F..I..K..Z.. /Contours for thread and undercut

Form elements
N..G1 X.. /Next surface element
Parameters
F: Thread pitch
I: Depth of undercut (radius)
K: Width of undercut
Z: End point of the undercut

• G24 can be used only if the thread is cut in the direction of

contour definition.
• The thread is machined with G31.

15
 Undercut contour G25-Geo H: Type of undercut – default: 0
■ H=4: undercut form U
G25 generates the following undercut contours in paraxial contour ■ H=0, 5: undercut form DIN 509 E
corners. The meaning of the parameters depends on the type of ■ H=6: undercut form DIN 509 F
undercut. ■ H=7: thread undercut DIN 76
■ H=8: undercut form H
for contour description

If you program G25

■ H=9: undercut form K
■ after the reference element, the undercut is turned at the end of the
reference element.
■ before the reference element, the undercut is turned at the
Form elements

beginning of the reference element.

Calling the contour macro (example):
N..G1 Z.. /Linear element as reference
N..G25 H..I..K.. .. /Undercut contour
N..G1 X.. /Next surface element
Parameters

Undercut form U (H=4)

Parameters
I: Depth of undercut (radius)
K: Width of undercut
R: Inside radius (in both corners of recess) – default: 0
P: Outside radius/chamfer – default: 0
■ P>0: radius of the rounding
■ P<0: width of the chamfer

Continued

16 Undercut form U (H=4)

Undercut DIN 509 E (H=0, 5)
Parameters
I: Depth of undercut (radius)
K: Width of undercut

for contour description

R: Undercut radius (in both corners of the undercut)
W: Undercut angle

If you do not enter any parameters the CNC PILOT calculates

Form elements
the values from the diameter (see User's Manual, section
“Undercut Parameters DIN 509 E”).

Undercut DIN 509 E (H=0, 5)

Undercut DIN 509 F (H=6)
Parameters
I: Depth of undercut (radius)
K: Width of undercut
R: Undercut radius (in both corners of the undercut)
P: Transverse depth
W: Undercut angle
A: Transverse angle

If you do not enter any parameters the CNC PILOT calculates

the values from the diameter (see User's Manual, section
“Undercut Parameters DIN 509 F”).

Continued

Undercut DIN 509 F (H=6) 17

 Undercut DIN 76 (H=7)
Parameters
I: Depth of undercut (radius)
K: Width of undercut
for contour description

R: Undercut radius (in both corners of the undercut) – default:

R=0.6*I
W: Undercut angle – default: 30°
Form elements

Undercut DIN 76 (H=7)

Undercut form H (H=8)

If you do not enter W, it will be calculated on the basis of K and R. The
final point of the undercut is then located at the ”final point contour.”
Parameters
K: Width of undercut
R: Undercut radius – no value: the circular element is not machined
W: Plunge angle – no value: W is calculated

Continued

18 Undercut form H (H=8)

Undercut form K (H=9)
Parameters
I: Undercut depth
R: Undercut radius – no value: the circular element is not machined

for contour description

W: Undercut angle
A: Angle to linear axis – default: 45°

Form elements
Undercut form K (H=9)

Thread (standard) G34-Geo

G34 defines a simple or an interlinked external or internal thread (metric
ISO fine-pitch thread DIN 13 Series 1). Threads are interlinked by
programming several G01/G34 blocks after each other.
Parameters
F: Thread pitch – no value: pitch from the standard table

• You need to program a linear contour element as a reference

before G34 or in the NC block containing G34.
• The thread is cut with G31.

19
 Thread (general) G37-Geo
G37 defines the different types of thread. Threads are interlinked by
programming several G01/G34 blocks after each other.
Parameters
for contour description

Q: Type of thread – default: 1

■ Q=1: metric ISO fine-pitch thread (DIN 13 Part 2, Series 1)
■ Q=2: metric ISO thread (DIN 13 Part 1, Series 1)
■ Q=3: metric ISO taper thread (DIN 158)
■ Q=4: metric ISO tapered fine-pitch (DIN 158)
Form elements

■ Q=5: metric ISO trapezoid thread (DIN 103 Part 2, Series 1)

■ Q=6: flat metric trapezoid thread (DIN 308 Part 2, Series 1)
■ Q=7: metric buttress thread (DIN 13 Part 2, Series 1)
■ Q=8: cylindrical round thread (DIN 405 Part 1, Series 1)
■ Q=9: cylindrical Whitworth thread (DIN 259)
■ Q=10: tapered Whitworth thread (DIN 2999)
■ Q=11: Whitworth pipe thread (DIN 2999)
■ Q=12: nonstandard thread
■ Q=13: UNC US coarse thread
■ Q=14: UNF US fine-pitch thread • Program a linear contour element as a
■ Q=15: UNEF US extra-fine-pitch thread reference before G37.
■ Q=16: NPT US taper pipe thread • The thread is cut with G31.
■ Q=17: NPTF US taper dryseal pipe thread • For standard threads, the parameters P, R,
■ Q=18: NPSC US cylindrical pipe thread with lubricant
A and W are defined by the CNC PILOT.
■ Q=19: NPFS US cylindrical pipe thread without lubricant
• Use Q=12 if you wish to use individual
F: Thread pitch – must be entered for Q=1, 3..7, 12.
parameters.
P: Thread depth – enter only for Q=12.
K: Runout length (for threads without undercut) – The thread is generated to the length of the
default: 0
reference element. For the machining of
threads without an undercut, it is necessary
to program an additional linear element so
that the overrun can be executed by the CNC
PILOT without danger of collision.

Continued
20
D: Reference point (position of thread runout) – default: 0
■ D=0: runout at end of reference element
■ D=1: runout at beginning of reference element
H: Number of grooves – default: 1
A: Edge angle left – enter only for Q=12.

for contour description

W: Edge angle right – enter only for Q=12.
R: Thread width – enter only for Q=12.
E: Variable pitch (increases/reduces the pitch per revolution by E) –
default: 0

Form elements
21
 Bore hole (centered) G49-Geo
G49 defines a single bore hole with countersink and thread at the
turning center (front or end face).
Parameters
for contour description

Z: Starting position for hole (reference point)

B: Bore hole diameter
P: Depth of hole (excluding point)
W: Point angle – default: 180°
Form elements

R: Countersinking diameter
U: Countersinking depth
E: Countersinking angle
I: Thread diameter
J: Thread depth
K: Thread runout length
F: Thread pitch
V: Left-hand or right-hand thread - default: 0
■ V=0: Right-hand thread
■ V=1: Left-hand thread
A: Angle (position of bore hole) – default: 0
■ A=0: front end
■ A=180: tail end
O: Centering diameter

• G49 is programmed in the FINISHED PART section (not in

the FRONT or REAR SIDE section).
• The contour defined with G49 is machined with G71...G74.

22
Overview: Help commands for contour description Blockwise accurate stop G9-Geo
G7 Accurate stop ON G9 activates a precision stop for the NC block in
which it is programmed (see also ”G7 Geo”).
G8 Accurate stop OFF
G9 Accurate stop blockwise
G10 influences finishing feed rate for total contour Peak-to-valley height (surface texture)

Help commands for

G10-Geo

contour description
G38 influences finishing feed rate for basic contour elements block
by block G10 influences the finishing feed rate of G890 and
thus determines the surface roughness of the
G39 Only for form elements:
workpiece.
■ influences finishing feed rate
■ additive compensation values Basics of programming
■ equidistant finishing allowances ■ The peak-to-valley height activated with G10 is mo-
dal.
G52 Equidistant finishing allowances – blockwise
■ G10 without parameters deactivates peak-to-valley
G95 defines finishing feed rate for total contour height.
G149 additive compensation values for total contour ■ G95 Geo deactivates peak-to-valley height.
■ G10 RH... (without ”H”) overwrites the valid peak-
Accurate stop ON G7-Geo to-valley roughness block by block.
G7 switches the ”precision stop” on modally. In a ”precision stop,” the ■ G38 Geo overwrites the valid peak-to-valley
CNC PILOT does not start the next block until the ”tolerance window” roughness block by block.
around the end point is reached (for tolerance window, see machine
parameters 1106, 1156, ...). Parameters
H: Type of surface texture (see also DIN 4768)
• The NC block containing G7 is also executed with a precision ■ H=1: general roughness (profile depth) Rt1
■ H=2: average roughness Ra
stop.
■ H=3: mean roughness Rz
• ”Precision stop” is used for basic contour elements that are
RH: Peak-to-valley roughness (in µm, inches: µinch)
executed with G890 or G840.
The peak-to-valley height applies only for
basic contour elements.
Precision stop OFF G8-Geo
G8 switches the precision stop off. The block containing G8 is executed
without a precision stop.
23
 Feed rate reduction factor G38-Geo Basics of programming
G38 defines a special feed rate for G890. ■ G38 is a non-modal function.
■ G38 is programmed before the contouring
Parameters element for which it is destined.
E: Special feed-rate factor (0 < E † 1) – default: 1
■ G38 replaces another special feed rate or a
for contour description

(special feed rate = active feed rate * E)

programmed peak-to-valley height.
The ”special feed rate” applies only for basic
contour elements.
Help commands

Attributes for superimposed elements G39-Geo P: Finishing allowance (radius)

G39 influences the machining of G890 for the superimposed H: (Translation of P) absolute / additive – default: 0
elements (form elements): ■ H=0: P replaces G57/G58 allowances
■ H=1: P is added to G57/G58 allowances
✲■ Chamfers/rounding arcs (for connecting base elements)
■ Undercuts E: Special feed-rate factor (0 < E † 1) – default: 1
■ Recesses (special feed rate = active feed rate * E)
Influence on machining: Basics of programming
■ Special feed rate ■ G39 is a non-modal function.
■ Peak-to-valley height
■ G39 is programmed before the contour element
■ Additive D compensation
■ Equidistant oversizes for which it is destined.
■ G50 before a cycle (MACHINING section) switches
Parameters
F: Feed per revolution G39 oversizes for this cycle off.
V: Type of surface texture (see also DIN 4768) Only use peak-to-valley height (”V, RH”),
■ V=1: general roughness (profile depth) Rt1 finishing allowance (”F”) and special feed
■ V=2: average roughness Ra
■ V=3: mean roughness Rz
rate (”E”) alternately!
RH: Peak-to-valley height (µm, inch mode: µinch)
D: Number of the additive compensation (901 † D † 916)
24
Blockwise finishing allowance G52-Geo Additive compensation G149-Geo
G52 defines an equidistant finishing allowance which is taken into The CNC PILOT manages 16 tool-independent
consideration in G810, G820, G830, G860 and G890. correction values.
Basics of programming To activate the additive correction function, program
■ G52 is a non-modal function. G149 followed by a „D number“ (for example, G149
■ G52 is programmed in the NC block containing the contour element D901). ”G149 D900” resets the additive

Help commands for

contour description
for which it is destined. compensation function.
■ G50 before a cycle (MACHINING section) switches G52 oversizes for Basics of programming
this cycle off. ■ Additive compensation is effective from the block
Parameters in which G149 is programmed.
P: Finishing allowance (radius) ■ An additive compensation remains active until:
H: (Translation of P) absolute / additive – default: 0 • the next ”G149 D900”
■ H=0: P replaces G57/G58 allowances • the end of the finished part description
■ H=1: P is added to G57/G58 allowances
Parameters
D: Additive compensation - Default: D900
Range: 900 to 916
Feed rate per revolution G95-Geo
G95 influences the finishing feed rate of G890. Note the direction of contour description!
Basics of programming
■ G95 is a modal function
■ G10 switches the G95 finishing feed rate off.

Parameters
F: Feed per revolution

• Use peak-to-valley height and finishing feed rate alternatively.

• The G95 finishing feed rate replaces a finishing feed rate
defined in the machining program.

25
 Start of pocket/island G308-Geo • Note with ”P”: the addition of a negative
G308 defines a new reference level/reference diameter for number reduces the result, and the
hierarchically nested front face or lateral surface contours. subtraction of a negative number increases
Parameters the result.
P: Depth for pocket, height for islands • Island: The area-milling cycles machine
Overlapped contours

the complete area specified in the contour

The algebraic sign of ”Depth P” defines the position of the milling
definition. Islands that are defined within
contour:
this area are not considered.
■ P<0: Pocket
■ P>0: Island

Section P Surface Milling floor

FRONT END P<0 Z Z+P
FRONT END P>0 Z+P Z
REAR END P<0 Z Z–P
REAR END P>0 Z–P Z
CYLINDER SURFACE P<0 X X+(P*2)
CYLINDER SURFACE P>0 X+(P*2) X

The milling cycles machine from the ”surface” toward the ”milling
floor.”
X: Reference diameter from the section code
Z: Reference plane from the section code
P: ”Depth” from G308 or from the cycle parameters

End pocket/island G309-Geo

G309 ends a reference level. Every reference plane defined with G308
must be ended with G309!

26
Starting point of end face contour G100-Geo
G100 defines the starting point of an end face contour.
Parameters
X, C: Starting point in polar coordinates (diameter, starting angle)

front/end face contour

XK,YK: Starting point in Cartesian coordinates

Base elements for

Linear segment in end face contour G101-Geo
G101 defines a line segment in an end face contour.
Parameters
X, C: End point in polar coordinates (diameter, end angle)
XK,YK: End point in Cartesian coordinates
A: Angle to positive XK-axis
B: Chamfer/rounding
■ B is undefined: Tangential transition
■ B=0: Nontangential transition
■ B>0: Rounding radius
■ B<0: Chamfer width
Q: Select point of intersection – default: 0
■ Q=0: Near intersection
■ Q=1: Far intersection

27
 Circular arc in front end contour G102-/G103-Geo
G102/G103 defines a circular arc in a front/end face contour. The
direction of rotation is visible in the help graphic.
Parameters
X, C: End point in polar coordinates (diameter, end angle)
front/end face contour

XK,YK: End point in Cartesian coordinates

R: Radius
Base elements for

I, J: Center in Cartesian coordinates

Q: Selection of intersection – default: 0
■ Q=0: Far intersection
■ Q=1: Near intersection
B: Chamfer/ rounding at end of circular arc
■ B no entry: tangential transition
■ B=0: no tangential transition
■ B>0: Radius of rounding
■ B<0: Width of chamfer G102-Geo

The end point may not be the same as the starting point (not a
full circle).

28 G103-Geo
Bore hole on end face G300-Geo
G300 defines a bore hole with countersink and thread on the front/end

Figures on end face contour

face.
Parameters
XK,YK: Center of hole
B: Hole diameter
P: Depth of hole (excluding point)
W: Point angle – default: 180°
R: Countersinking diameter
U: Countersinking depth
E: Countersinking angle
I: Thread diameter
J: Thread depth
K: Thread runout length
F: Thread pitch
V: Left-hand or right-hand thread - default: 0
■ V=0: Right-hand thread
■ V=1: Left-hand thread
A: Angle (reference: Z-axis)
■ Front end – default: 0° (range: –90° < A < 90°)
■ Rear end – default: 180° (range: 90° < A < 270°)
O: Centering diameter

Use G71...G74 to machine bore holes defined with G300-Geo.

29
 Linear slot on the end face G301-Geo
G301 defines a linear slot on the front/rear end face.
Figures on end face contour

Parameters
XK,YK: Center of slot
A: Angle of slot length (reference: XK-axis) – default: 0°
K: Slot length
B: Slot width
P: Depth/height – no entry: ”P” from G308
■ P<0: Pocket
■ P>0: Island

Circular slot on the front end G302-/G303-Geo

G302/G303 defines a circular slot on the front/rear end face.
Parameters
I, J: Center of slot curvature
R: Curvature radius (reference: center point path of the slot)
A: Angle of slot starting point (reference: XK-axis) – default: 0
W: Angle of slot end point (reference: XK-axis)
B: Slot width
P: Depth/height – no entry: ”P” from G308
■ P<0: Pocket
■ P>0: Island

30 Example: G302-Geo
Full circle on front end face G304-Geo
G304 defines a full circle on the front/rear end face.

Figures on end face contour

Parameters
XK,YK: Circle center
R: Circle radius
P: Depth/height – no entry: ”P” from G308
■ P<0: Pocket
■ P>0: Island

Rectangle on end face G305-Geo

G305 defines a rectangle on the front/rear end face.
Parameters
XK,YK: Center of rectangle
A: Angle to longitudinal axis of rectangle (reference: XK-axis) – default:
0°
K: Length of rectangle
B: (Height) width of rectangle
R: Chamfer/rounding - default: 0
■ R>0: Radius of rounding
■ R<0: Width of chamfer
P: Depth/height – no entry: ”P” from G308
■ P<0: Pocket
■ P>0: Island

31
 Regular polygon on end face G307-Geo
G307 defines a regular polygon on the front/rear end face.
Figures on end face contour

Parameters
XK,YK: Polygon center point
Q: Number of edges (Q‡3)
A: Angle to a polygon side (reference: XK-axis) – default: 0°
K: Edge length
■ K>0: Edge length
■ K<0: Key width (inside diameter)
R: Chamfer/rounding - default: 0
■ R>0: Radius of rounding
■ R<0: Width of chamfer
P: Depth/height – no entry: ”P” from G308
■ P<0: Pocket
■ P>0: Island

Linear pattern on end face G401-Geo

G401 defines a linear pattern on the front/rear end face. G401 is
effective for the bore hole/figure defined in the following block
(G300..305, G307).
Parameters
Q: Number of figures
XK,YK: Starting point of pattern
I, J: End point of pattern
Ii, Ji: Distance between two figures (in XK, YK direction)
A: Angle to the longitudinal axis of the pattern (reference: XK-axis)
R: Total length of pattern
Ri: Distance between two figures (pattern distance)

32
Circular pattern on end face G402-Geo
G402 defines a circular pattern on the front/rear end face. G402 is

Figures on end face contour

effective for the figure defined in the following block (G300..305, G307).
Programming notes
■ Program the hole/figure in the following block without a center –
exception: circular slot.
■ The milling cycle (MACHINING section) calls the hole/figure in the
following block - not the pattern definition.
Parameters
Q: Number of figures
K: Pattern diameter
A, W: Starting angle, end angle – position of first/last figure (reference:
XK-axis) – default: A=0°; W=360°
Wi: Angle between two figures
V: Direction (orientation) – default: 0
■ V=0 – without W: Distribution over complete circle
■ V=0 – with W: Distribution over long arc
■ V=0 – with Wi: Algebraic sign of Wi defines the direction
(Wi<0: Pattern in clockwise direction)
■ V=1 – with W: Pattern in clockwise direction
■ V=1 – with Wi: Pattern in clockwise direction (algebraic sign of
Wi is without meaning)
■ V=2 – with W: Pattern counterclockwise
■ V=2 – with Wi: Pattern counterclockwise (algebraic sign of Wi
has no effect)
XK,YK: Center of pattern
H: Position of figures – default: 0
■ H=0: Normal position – figures are rotated about the circle
center (rotation)
■ H=1: Original position – position of figure remains the
unchanged with respect to the coordinate system (translation)

33
 Starting point of lateral surface contour G110-Geo
G110 defines the starting point of a lateral surface contour.
Parameters
Z, C: Starting point of contour (starting point, starting angle)
lateral surface contour

CY: Starting angle as linear dimension

Program either Z, C or Z, CY.

Basic elements of

Straight line in a lateral surface contour G111-Geo

G111 defines a line segment in a lateral surface contour.
Parameters
Z, C: End point, end angle
CY: End angle as linear dimension
A: Angle (reference: negative Z axis)
B: Chamfer/rounding
■ B is undefined: Tangential transition
■ B=0: Nontangential transition
■ B>0: Rounding radius
■ B<0: Chamfer width
Q: Select point of intersection – default: 0
■ Q=0: Near intersection
■ Q=1: Far intersection

Program either Z, C or Z, CY.

34
Circular arc in lateral surface contour G112-/G113-Geo
G112/G113 defines a circular arc in a lateral surface contour. The
direction of rotation is visible in the help graphic.
Parameters

lateral surface contour

Z, C: End point, end angle
CY: End angle as linear dimension
R: Radius

Basic elements of
K: Center point (in Z direction)
W: Angle of the center point
J: Angle of the center point as a linear value
Q: Selection of intersection – default: 0
■ Q=0: Far intersection
■ Q=1: Near intersection
B: Chamfer/rounding
■ B is undefined: Tangential transition G112-Geo
■ B=0: Nontangential transition
■ B>0: Rounding radius
■ B<0: Chamfer width

• Program either Z, C or Z and CY, or K, W or K and J.

• Program either center or radius.
• For radius: only arcs † 180° possible

G113-Geo 35
 Bore hole on lateral surface G310-Geo
G310 defines a bore hole with countersink and thread on the lateral
surface.
Parameters
Z, C: Center point of bore hole (position, angle)
CY: Angle as linear dimension
B: Hole diameter
P: Depth of hole (excluding point)
Figures on the
lateral surface

W: Point angle – default: 180°

R: Countersinking diameter
U: Countersinking depth
E: Countersinking angle
I: Thread diameter
J: Thread depth
K: Thread runout length
F: Thread pitch
V: Left-hand or right-hand thread - default: 0
■ V=0: Right-hand thread
■ V=1: Left-hand thread
A: Angle (reference: Z axis) – default: 90° = vertical hole (range:
0° < A < 180°)
O: Centering diameter

Use G71...G74 to machine contours defined with G310.

36
Linear slot on lateral surface G311-Geo
G311 defines a linear slot on the lateral surface.
Parameters
Z, C: Center point of slot (position, angle)
CY: Angle as linear dimension
A: Angle to longitudinal axis of slot (reference: Z-axis) – default: 0°
K: Slot length
B: Slot width

Figures on the
lateral surface
P: Pocket depth – no entry: ”P” from G308

Circular groove on lateral surface G312-/G313-Geo

G312/G313 defines a circular slot on the lateral surface.
Parameters
Z, C: Center of curvature of slot (position, angle)
CY: Angle as linear dimension
R: Curvature radius (reference: center point path of the slot)
A: Angle of slot starting point (reference: Z axis)
W: Angle of slot end point (reference: Z axis)
B: Slot width
P: Pocket depth – no entry: ”P” from G308

Example: G312-Geo 37
 Full circle on lateral surface G314-Geo
G314 defines a full circle on the lateral surface.
Parameters
Z, C: Circle center (position, angle)
CY: Angle as linear dimension
R: Circle radius
P: Pocket depth – no entry: ”P” from G308
Figures on the
lateral surface

Rectangle on lateral surface G315-Geo

G315 defines a rectangle on the lateral surface.
Parameters
Z, C: Center point of rectangle (position, angle)
CY: Angle as linear dimension
A: Angle to longitudinal axis of rectangle (reference: Z-axis) – default: 0°
K: Length of rectangle
B: Width (height) of the rectangle
R: Chamfer/rounding - default: 0
■ R>0: Radius of rounding
■ R<0: Width of chamfer
P: Pocket depth – no entry: ”P” from G308

38
Regular polygon on lateral surface G317-Geo
G317 defines a regular polygon on the lateral surface.
Parameters
Z, C: Center point of polygon (position, angle)
CY: Angle as linear dimension
Q: Number of edges (Q‡3)
A: Angle to a polygon side (reference: Z-axis) – default: 0°
K: Edge length

Figures on the
lateral surface
■ K>0: Edge length
■ K<0: Key width (inside diameter)
R: Chamfer/rounding - default: 0
■ R>0: Radius of rounding
■ R<0: Width of chamfer
P: Pocket depth – no entry: ”P” from G308

39
 Linear pattern on lateral surface G411 Geo
G411 defines a linear pattern on the lateral surface. G411 is effective for
the bore hole/figure defined in the following block (G310..315, 317).
Parameters
Q: Number of figures
Z, C: Starting point, starting angle of pattern
K, W: End point, end angle of pattern
Ki: Distance between the figures (in Z-direction)
Figures on the
lateral surface

Wi: Angular distance between the figures

A: Angle of pattern length axis (reference: Z axis)
R: Total length of pattern
Ri: Distance between two figures (pattern distance)

If you program Q, Z and C, the bore holes/figures will be

ordered in a regular manner along the circumference.

40
Circular pattern on lateral surface G412 Geo
G412 defines a circular pattern on the lateral surface. G412 is effective
for the bore hole/figure defined in the following block (G310..315, 317).
Programming notes
■ Program the hole/figure in the following block without a center –
exception: circular slot.
■ The milling cycle (MACHINING section) calls the hole/figure in the
following block - not the pattern definition.

Figures on the
lateral surface
Parameters
Q: Number of figures
K: Diameter of circle
A, W: Starting angle, end angle – position of first/last figure (reference:
Z-axis) – default: A=0°; W=360°
Wi: Distance between two figures
V: Direction (orientation) – default: 0
■ V=0 – without W: Distribution over complete circle
■ V=0 – with W: Distribution over long arc
■ V=0 – with Wi: Algebraic sign of Wi defines the direction
(Wi<0: Pattern in clockwise direction)
■ V=1 – with W: Pattern in clockwise direction
■ V=1 – with Wi: Pattern in clockwise direction (algebraic sign of
Wi is without meaning)
■ V=2 – with W: Pattern counterclockwise
■ V=2 – with Wi: Pattern counterclockwise (algebraic sign of Wi
has no effect)
Z, C: Position, angle to midpoint of pattern
H: Position of figures – default: 0
■ H=0: Normal position – figure is rotated about the circle center
(rotation)
■ H=1: Original position – position of figure remains the
unchanged with respect to the coordinate system (translation)

41
 G Functions for Machining Tool positioning without machining Page
The following functions must be preceded with the section G0 Positioning in rapid traverse 45
code MACHINING. G14 Approach to the tool change position 45
Overview: machining part

G701 Rapid traverse to machine coordinates 46

For contour-based turning cycles define the reference to the
contour description in ”NS, NE.” You can determine this Simple Linear and Circular Paths Page
reference as follows: G1 Linear path 46
Activate contour display (menu item ”Graphic”). G2 Circular path 47
Place the cursor on the ”NS/NE” field and press the G3 Circular path 47
Continue key. G12 Circular path 47
Select the desired contour element with the left/right arrow G13 Circular path 47
key.
Feed rate and spindle speed Page
The up/down arrow keys can be used to switch between
several contours (also end face contours, etc.) Gx26 Speed limit * 48
G48 Acceleration (slope) 48
Transfer the block number of the contour element (”Enter”
key). G64 Discontinuous feed rate 49
Gx93 Feed rate per tooth * 49
If you activate the up/down arrow keys, the G94 Feed per minute 49
CNC PILOT also considers contours that are not Gx95 Feed in revolutions 49
displayed on the screen. Gx96 Constant surface speed 49
Gx97 Spindle speed 49
Cutter radius compensation (TRC/MCRC) Page
G40 Switch off TRC/MCRC 50
G41 TRC/MCRC left 50
G42 TRC/MCRC right 50

* ”x” = number of the spindle (0...3)

42
Datum shift Page Contour-determined turning cycles Page
Overview Datum shifts 51 G810 Longitudinal roughing cycle 65
G51 Datum shift (relative) 51 G820 Face roughing cycle 65

Overview: machining part

G53 Parameter-dependent datum shift 52 G830 Contour-parallel roughing cycle 67
G54 Parameter-dependent datum shift 52 G835 Contour-parallel with neutral tool 68
G55 Parameter-dependent datum shift 52 G860 Universal recessing cycle 69
G56 Additive datum shift (relative) 52 G866 Simple recessing cycle 70
G59 Datum shift (absolute) 63 G869 Recess turning cycle 71
G121 Contour mirroring/shifting 54 G890 Finishing cycle 72
G152 Datum shift C-axis 82
Thread cycle group Page
Allowances, safety clearances Page G31 Thread cycle 74
G47 Set safety clearances 55 G32 Single thread cycle 75
G50 Switch off allowance 55 G33 Single thread cut 76
G57 Paraxial allowance 56
Drilling cycle group Page
G58 Contour-parallel allowance 56
G147 Safety clearance (milling) 55 G36 Tapping 77
G71 Simple drilling cycle 78
Tools, types of compensation Page G72 Boring, sinking, etc. 79
T Tool change 57 G73 Tapping cycle 80
G148 (Changing the) correction of cut 57 G74 Deep drilling cycle 81
G149 Additive correction 58
C axis Page
G150 Compensate right tool tip 58
G151 Compensate left tool tip 58 G120 Reference diameter for cylinder
surface machining 82
Simple turning cycles Page G152 Datum shift C-axis 82
G80 End of cycle 59 G153 Standardize C-axis 82
G81 Simple longitudinal roughing 59
End face machining Page
G82 Simple face roughing 59
G83 Simple contour-parallel roughing 60 G100 Rapid traverse, front/rear face 83
G85 Undercuts 61 G101 Linear movement, front/rear face 83
G86 Simple recessing cycle 63 G102 Circular arc, front/rear face 84
G87 Transition radii 64 G103 Circular arc, front/rear face 84
G88 Chamfers 64
43
G-functions for machining part Cylindrical surface machining Page Other G Functions Page
G110 Rapid traverse, cylindrical surface 85 G980 Activate datum shift 93
G111 Linear movement, cylindrical surface 85 G981 Activate datum shift and tool
G112 Circular arc, cylindrical surface 86 dimensions 93
G113 Circular arc, cylindrical surface 86
Subprograms Page
G120 Reference diameter for cylinder
surface machining 82 Subprogram call 94
Milling Cycles Page See User's Manual
G840 Contour milling 87 G15 Moving a rotary axis
G845 Pocket milling – roughing 89 G30 Converting
G62 One-sided synchronization
Overview:

G846 Pocket milling – finishing 89

G63 Synchronous start of slide
Other G Functions Page G119 Select C axis
G4 Dwell time 90 G162 Set synchronizing mark
G7 Accurate stop ON 90 G192 Minute feed rate for rotary axes
G8 Accurate stop OFF 90 G204 Wait for moment
G9 Block precision stop 90 G600 Tool preselection in magazine/chain
G60 Deactivate protection zone 90 G601 Inserting tool from magazine into carrier
G65 Chucking equipment for graphics 91 G710 Linking tool dimensions
G98 Assignment spindle – workpiece 91 G711 Activate magazine tool
G121 Contour mirroring/shifting 54 G717 Update nominal values
G702 Regeneration of contour storing/loading 92 G718 Servo lag
G703 Regeneration of contour ON/OFF 92 G900..999 Special G functions
G720 Spindle synchronization 92
G905 Measuring C-angle offset 92
G918 Feedfor ward control ON/OFF 93
G919 Spindle override 100% 93
G920 Deactivate datum shift 93
G921 Deactivate datum shift and tool
dimensions 93

44
Rapid traverse G0
The tool moves at rapid traverse along the shortest path to the ”target
point.”
Parameters
X, Z: Diameter, length to target point (X diameter)

without machining
Tool positioning
Tool change point G14
The slide moves in rapid traverse to the tool change position. In setup
mode, define permanent coordinates for the tool change.
Parameters
Q: Sequence – default: 0
0: Diagonal path of traverse
1: First in X axis, then in Z
2: First in Z axis, then in X
3: X axis only
4: Z direction only

45
 Rapid traverse to machine coordinates G701
The slide moves at rapid traverse on the shortest path to the ”target
point.”
Parameters
X, Z: End point (X diameter value)

”X, Z” refer to the machine datum and the slide datum.

and circular paths
Simple linear

Linear path G1
The tool moves at the programmed feed rate on a line to the ”end point.”
Parameters
X, Z: Diameter, length to end point (X diameter)
A: Angle (angular direction: see graphic support window)
Q: Selection of intersection – default: Q=0
■ Q=0: Near intersection
■ Q=1: Far intersection
B: Chamfer/rounding
■ B is undefined: Tangential transition
■ B=0: Nontangential transition
■ B>0: Rounding radius
■ B<0: Chamfer width
E: Special feed-rate factor (0 < E † 1) – default: 1
(special feed rate = active feed rate * E)
46
Circular path
G2, G3 – incremental, G12, G13 – absolute center coordinates
The tool moves in a circular arc at the feed rate to the ”end point.” The
direction of rotation of G2/G3 or G12/G13 is shown in the graphic
support window.
The special feed rate applies to chamfer/rounding.

and circular paths

Parameters
X, Z: Diameter, length to end point (X diameter)

Simple linear
R: Radius (0 < R † 200 000 mm)
Q: Selection of intersection – default: Q=0
■ Q=0: Far intersection
■ Q=1: Near intersection
B: Chamfer/rounding
■ B is undefined: Tangential transition
■ B=0: Nontangential transition Example: circular path G2
■ B>0: Rounding radius
■ B<0: Chamfer width
E: Special feed-rate factor (0 < E † 1) – default: 1
(special feed rate = active feed rate * E)
With G2, G3:
I, K: Center point incremental (distance starting point – center point;
I radius)
With G12, G13:
I, K: Absolute center (I radius)

Example: circular path G12 47

 Speed limitation The ”absolute maximal speed” is specified
G26: Spindle; Gx26: Spindle x (x: 1...3) in machine parameter 805 and following.
Feed rate and spindle speed

G26/Gx26 limits the speed of spindle x. The speed limit remains in If S > parameter value, the parameter value
effect until program end or until it is replaced by a new G26/Gx26. takes applies.
Parameters
S: (Maximum) speed

Acceleration (slope) G48

• If P > parameter value, the parameter
G48 specifies the approaching acceleration, braking acceleration, and
value applies.
the maximum feed rate. G48 is a modal function.
• ”E, F and P” refer to the X or Z axis. The
Without G48 the following parameter values apply: acceleration/feed rate for the slide is not
■ Acceleration at approach/deceleration at departure: Machine higher with axis-parallel traverses.
parameter 1105 ff ”Acceleration/deceleration of linear axis”
■ and the maximum feed rate from: Machine Parameter 1101 ff ”Maxi-
mum axis speed”

Parameters
E: Acceleration at approach – no input: the parameter values take
effect.
F: Deceleration at departure – no input: the parameter values take
effect
H: Programmed acceleration On/Off
■ H=0: switch off programmed acceleration after next traverse
■ H=1: switch on programmed acceleration
P: Maximum feed rate – no input: Parameter value

48
Interrupted (intermittent) feed G64 Feed rate per revolution Gx95
G64 interrupts the programmed feed for a short period of time. G95: Spindle; Gx95: Spindle x (x: 1...3)

Feed rate and spindle speed

G95/Gx95 defines the feed rate as a function of
■ For switch-on, program G64 with E and F. drive.
■ For switch-off, program G64 without parameters.
Parameters
Parameters F: Feed rate in mm/revolution or inch/revolution
E: Duration of pause (range: 0.01 s < E < 99.99 s)
F: Duration of feed rate (range: 0.01 s < E < 99.99 s)

Feed rate per tooth spindle x Gx93 Constant cutting speed Gx96
Gx93 (x: spindle 1...3) defines the feed rate drive-dependent, G96: spindle; Gx96: spindle x (x: 1...3)
depending on the number of teeth of the cutter. G96/Gx96 defines a constant cutting speed. The
spindle speed is dependent on the X position of the
Parameters tool tip or on the tool diameter (with driven tools).
F: Feed rate per tooth (mm/tooth or inch/tooth)
Parameters
The actual value display shows the feed rate in mm/rev. S: Cutting velocity (in m/min or ft/min)

Feed rate constant G94 (minute feed) Speed Gx97

G94 defines the feed rate as a function of drive. G97: spindle; Gx97: spindle x (x: 1...3)
G97/Gx97 defines a constant spindle speed.
Parameters
F: Feed rate per minute (in mm/min or inch/min) Parameters
S: Speed (in revolutions per minute)

49
 Tooth and cutter radius compensation (TRC/MCRC)
• If the tool radii > contour radii, it can result
G40, G41, G42 in tool path loops during CRC/MCRC.
G40: Switch off TRC/MCRC Recommendation: Use the finishing cycle
■ The TRC is effective up to the block before G40. G890 / milling cycle G840.
Tooth and cutter radius

■ In the block with G40, or in the block after G40, only one straight line • Never select MCRC during a perpendicular
compensation (TRC)

segment permitted (G14 is not permitted). approach to the plane.

• Note when calling subprograms with
G41/G42: switch on TRC/MCRC active TRC/MCRC:
■ In the block with G41/G42 or after the block with G41/G42, one Switch the TRC/MCRC off in the main pro-
straight line segment (G0/G1) is to be programmed. gram if it was switched on in the main pro-
■ The TRC/MCRC is included after the next contour element. gram. – Switch the TRC/MCRC off in the
G41: Switch on TRC/MCRC – displacement of the tool radius in the subprogram in which it was switched on.
direction left of the contour.
G42: Switch on TRC/MCRC – displacement of the tool radius in the
direction right of the contour.

Parameters
Q: Machining plane – default: 0
■ Q=0: TRC on the turning plane (X-Z plane)
■ Q=1: MCRC on the end face (X-C plane)
■ Q=2: MCRC on the cylindrical surface (Z-C plane)
■ Q=3: MCRC on the end face (X-Y plane)
■ Q=4: MCRC on the cylindrical surface (Y-Z plane)
H: Output (only with MCRC) – default: 0
■ H=0: Intersecting areas which are programmed in directly
successive contour elements are not machined.
■ H=1: The complete contour is machined – even if certain areas
are intersecting.
O: Feed rate reduction – default: 0
■ O=0: Feed rate reduction active
■ O=1: No feed rate reduction
50
Overview
G51 ■ Relative shift
■ Programmed shift
■ Reference: set workpiece datum

G53, G54, G55 ■ Relative shift

■ Shift from parameters
■ Reference: set workpiece datum

Zero point shift

G56 ■ Additive shift
■ Programmed shift
■ Reference: current workpiece datum

G59 ■ Absolute shift

■ Programmed shift
■ Reference: machine datum

Zero point shift G51

G51 displaces the workpiece datum by ”Z” (or ”X”). The shift is
referenced to the workpiece datum defined in setup operation.
Even if you shift the zero point several times with G51, the
displacement is still always referenced to the workpiece zero point
from the setup mode.
The zero point shift applies until the end of the program or until it is
canceled by another zero point shift.
Parameters
X, Z: Displacement (X radius value) – default: 0
51
 Parameter-dependent zero point shift G53, G54, G55
G53, G54, G55 displace the workpiece zero point by the value defined
in the setup parameters 3, 4, 5. The shift is referenced to the workpiece
zero point defined in setup operation.
Even if you shift the zero point several times with G53, G54, G55, the
displacement is still always referenced to the workpiece datum from
the setup mode.
The datum shift applies until the end of the program or until it is
Zero point shift

canceled by another datum shift.

A shift in X must be indicated as a radius value.

Additive zero point shift G56

G56 shifts the workpiece zero point by ”Z” (or ”X”). The displacement
is referenced to the currently active workpiece zero point.
If you shift the workpiece zero point several times with G56, the
displacement is always added to the currently active zero point.
Parameters
X, Z: Shift (X radius value) – default: 0

52
Absolute zero point shift G59
G59 sets the workpiece datum to ”X, Z”. The new datum is valid to the
end of the program.
Parameters
X, Z: Datum shift (X radius dimension)

G59 cancels all previous zero point shifts (with G51, G53..G55
or G59).

Zero point shift

53
 G121 contour mirror and shift
G121 mirrors and/or shifts the position of roughed and finished part
contours. The contour is mirrored in the X axis and shifted in the Z
direction. The workpiece datum is not affected.
Parameters
H: Mirroring – default: 0
■ H=0: Contour shift – no mirroring
■ H=1: Contour shift, mirroring, and reversal of the direction of
contour description
Q: Mirroring the coordinate system (direction of the Z axis) - default: 0
Datum shift

■ Q=0: No mirroring
■ Q=1: Mirroring
Z: Shift – default: 0
D: Mirroring XC/XCR (mirroring/shifting the front and rear face
contours) - default: 0
■ D=0: No mirroring/shifting
■ D=1: Mirroring/shifting

• Lateral surface contours are mirrored/shifted like turning

contours.
• Auxiliary contours are not mirrored.
• Please note for Q=1: The coordinate system including the
contour is mirrored – H=1 mirrors only the contour.

54
Safety clearance G47 Switch off allowance with G50

Allowances, safety clearances

G47 defines the safety clearance for the turning cycles: G810, G820, G50 switches off allowances defined with G52/G39-
G830, G835, G860, G869, G890; drilling cycles G71, G72, G74 and Geo for the following cycle.
milling cycles G840...G846. G47 without parameters activates the
parameter values (machining parameters 2, ... – safety clearances).
Parameters
P: Safety clearance

G47 replaces safety clearance set in the machining parameters

or that set in G147.

Safety clearance (drilling and milling cycles) G147

G147 defines the safety clearance for milling operations with
G840...G846. Parameter ”K” influences the safety clearance for drilling
operations (G71, G72, G74). G147 replaces the safety clearance set in
”;Machining parameter 2, ... – safety clearances.”
Parameters
I: Safety clearance in milling direction
K: Safety clearance in approach direction (feed)

G147 replaces safety clearance set in the machining

parameters or that set in G47.

55
 Allowances, safety clearances Axis-parallel allowance G57
G57 defines different allowances in X and Z. G57 is programmed before
the cycle.
After cycle execution, allowances are
■ deleted: G810, G820, G830, G835, G860, G869, G890
■ not deleted: G81, G82, G83

Parameters
X, Z: Allowance (X diameter value)

If the allowances are programmed with G57 and in the cycle

itself, the cycle allowances are used.

Contour-parallel allowance (equidistant) G58

G58 defines a contour-parallel allowance. A negative allowance is
permitted with G890. G58 is programmed before the cycle.
After cycle execution, allowances are
■ deleted: G810, G820, G830, G835, G860, G869, G890
■ not deleted: G81, G82, G83

Parameters
P: Allowance

If an offset is programmed with G58 and in the cycle, the

offset from the cycle is used.

56
Tool call T

Tools, types of compensation

The ”T” is followed by the WAPP number. You can enter the T number
directly or select it from the tool list (switch with the CONTINUE key).
WAPP number:
W: Tool carrier number
A: Number of the location group
PP: Pocket number in the tool carrier
If you are working with multi tools, program
”T PP.S” or ”T WAPP.S” (S = number of the side tooth).

(Changing the) cutter compensation G148

”O” defines the wear and tear compensation values to be
compensated. DX and DZ become effective after program start and
after a T command.
Parameters
O: Selection – default: 0
■ O=0: DX, DZ active – DS inactive
■ O=1: DS, DZ active – DX inactive
■ O=2: DX, DS active – DZ inactive

The recessing cycles G860, G866 automatically take the

”correct” wear compensation into account.

57
 Additive compensation G149 Basics of programming
■ The compensation becomes effective only after the
Tools, types of compensation
The CNC PILOT manages 16 tool-independent compensation values. To
activate the additive compensation function, program G149 followed by tool has actually moved in the compensation
a „D number“ (for example, G149 D901). ”G149 D900” resets the addi- direction by the compensation value. You must
tive compensation function. therefore program G149 one block before the block
in which you want the compensation to apply.
Parameters ■ An additive compensation remains effective until:
D: Additive compensation - default: D900 ■ The next ”G149 D900”
Range: 900 to 916 ■ The next tool change
■ The end of the program

Compensate right tool tip G150

Compensate left tool tip G151
G150/G151 defines the workpiece datum for recessing and button
tools.
G150: datum is on right tip
G151: datum is on left tip
G150/G151 is effective from the block in which it is programmed and
remains in effect up to
■ the next tool change
■ end of the program

• The displayed actual values always refer to the tool tip

defined in the tool data.
• Be sure to switch the direction when you work with TRC
58
End of cycle G80
G80 concludes fixed cycles.

Simple turning cycles

Simple longitudinal roughing G81
Simple face roughing G82
G81/G82 machines (roughs) the contour area described by the current
tool position and ”X, Z”. If you wish to machine an oblique cut, you can
define the angle with I and K.
The tool moves to clearance at the end of the cycle:
■ G81: X – last lift-off coordinate; Z – cycle start point
■ G82: X – cycle start point; Z – last lift-off coordinate
Parameters
X/Z: Contour target point (X diameter)
Q: G-function Infeed – default: 0
■ 0: infeed with G0 (rapid traverse)
■ 1: infeed with G1 (feed rate)
G81: Simple longitudinal roughing G81
I: Maximum infeed distance in the X direction
■ I<0: with machining the contour line
■ I>0: without machining the contour line
K: Offset in Z direction – default: 0 • Cutter radius compensation: is not
G82: carried out
I: Offset in X direction – default: 0 • Offsets (G57): are calculated and remain
effective after end of cycle.
K: Maximum infeed distance in the Z direction
■ K<0: with machining the contour line
• Safety clearance after each step: 1 mm.
■ K>0: without machining the contour line

59
 Simple contour repeat cycle G83
G83 carries out the functions programmed in the following blocks (sim-
ple traverse or cycles without contour description) more than once.
G80 ends the machining cycle.
If the number of infeeds differs for the X- and Z axes, the tool first
Simple turning cycles

advances in both axes with the programmed values. The infeed is set to
zero if the target value for one direction is reached.
Notes on programming G83
■ Stands alone in the block
■ Must not be programmed with K variables
■ Must not be nested, not even by calling subprograms
Tool position at end of cycle: Cycle starting point.
Parameters
X/Z: Contour target point (X diameter) - no input: transfer the last X/Z
coordinate
I/K: Maximum infeed (I: radius) – default: 0 Danger of collision !
After each pass, the tool returns on a diago-
• Cutter radius compensation: is not carried out – You can nal path before it advances for the next pass.
program the TRC separately with G40..G42. If required, program an additional rapid tra-
• Offsets: G57-offsets are calculated; G58-offsets only have verse path to avoid a collision.
effect if you are working with TRC. Allowances remain in
effect after the end of cycle.
• Safety clearance after each step: 1 mm.

60
Undercut cycle G85
With the function G85, you can machine undercuts according to DIN
509 E, DIN 509 F and DIN 76 (thread undercut). The CNC PILOT
decides the type of undercut using ”K.” For undercut parameters, see
table.

Simple turning cycles

The adjoining cylinder is machined if the tool is positioned at the
cylinder diameter (”X”) ”in front of” the cylinder.
The undercut roundings are executed with the radius 0.6 * I.
Parameters
X, Z: Destination point (X as diameter value)
I: Depth/wear allowance (radius)
■ DIN 509 E, F: wear allowance – default: 0
■ DIN 76: undercut depth Undercut DIN 76 (thread undercut)
K: Undercut width and type
■ K no input: DIN 509 E
■ K=0: DIN 509 F
■ K>0: undercut length for DIN 76
E: Reduced feed (for machining the undercut) – no input: active
feed rate

• Cutter radius compensation: is not carried out

• Allowances: are not considered

Continued

Undercut DIN 509 E 61

 Undercut angle for undercuts according to DIN 509 E and F: 15°
Transverse angle for an undercut according to DIN 509 F: 8°.
where:
I = depth of undercut
K = width of undercut
Simple turning cycles

R = undercut radius
P = depth of end face

Undercut according to DIN 509 E

Diameter I K R
† 18 0.25 2 0.6
> 18 – 80 0.35 2.5 0.6
> 80 0.45 4 1
Undercut DIN 509 F

Undercut according to DIN 509 F

Diameter I K R P
† 18 0.25 2 0.6 0.1
> 18 – 80 0.35 2.5 0.6 0.2
> 80 0.45 4 1 0.3

62
Recessing G86
G86 machines simple radial and axial recesses with chamfers. From the
tool position the CNC PILOT calculates a radial/axial or an inside/outside
recess.
If you program an allowance, the control always rough-machines the

Simple turning cycles

recess first. In the second step, the recess is then finish-machined.
G86 machines chamfers at the sides of the recess. If you do not wish
to cut the chamfers, you must position the tool at a sufficient distance
from the workpiece. Calculation of the starting position XS (diameter):
XS = XK + 2 * (1,3 – b)
XK: Contour diameter
b: Chamfer width
Tool position at end of cycle:
■ Radial recess: X – Starting position; Z – last recess position
■ Axial recess: X – last recess position; Z – start position
Parameters Axial recess:
X, Z: Target point (X diameter) I: Recess width – no input: a single cut is
machined (recess width = tool width)
Radial recess:
I: Allowance K: Allowance
■ I>0: Allowance (roughing and finishing) ■ K>0: Allowance (roughing and finishing)
■ I=0: No finishing ■ K=0: No finishing
K: Recess width – no input: a single cut is machined (recess width E Period of dwell (dwell time for chip breaking) –
= tool width) default: Duration of on revolution
■ With finishing allowance: Only for finishing
■ Without finishing allowance: for every
recess

• Cutter radius compensation: is not

carried out
• Allowances are not considered.

63
 Transition radii G87
G87 machines transition radii at orthogonal, paraxial inside and outside
corners. The direction for the rounding is taken from the ”position/
machining direction” of the tool.
A preceding longitudinal or transverse element is machined if the tool is
Simple turning cycles

located at the X or Z coordinate of the corner before the cycle is executed.

Parameters
X, Z: Corner point (X diameter)
B Radius
E Reduced feed rate – no input: active feed rate

• Cutter radius compensation: is carried out

• Allowances are not considered.

Chamfer G88
G88 machines chamfers at orthogonal, paraxial outside corners. The
direction for the chamfer is taken from the ”position/machining
direction” of the tool
A preceding longitudinal or transverse element is machined if the tool is
located at the X or Z coordinate of the corner before the cycle is executed.
Parameters
X, Z: Corner point (X diameter)
B Chamfer width
E Reduced feed rate – no input: active feed rate

• Cutter radius compensation: is carried out

• Allowances are not considered.

64
Longitudinal roughing G810 / Face roughing G820
G810/G820 cuts (roughs) the contour range defined by ”NS, NE.”
Parameters
NS, NE: Starting block number, end block number (from the contour
description)

Contour-determined
P: Maximum approach - Maximum infeed distance
I, K: Allowances (I diameter value) – default: 0
E: Approach behavior

turning cycles
■ E=0: descending contours are not machined
■ E>0: approach behavior
■ no input: feed rate reduced depending on approach angle –
maximum reduction: 50%
X/Z: Cutting limit (X diameter value)
H: Type of contour smoothing – default: 0
■ H=0: smoothing after each cut
■ H=1: lift off at under 45°, smoothing after last cut Contour roughing, longitudinal G810
■ H=2: lift off at under 45°, no smoothing
A: Approach angle (reference: Z axis)
■ G810 – default: 0°/180° (parallel to Z axis)
■ G820 – default: 90°/270° (perpendicular to Z axis)
W: Departing angle (reference: Z axis)
■ G810 – default: 90°/270° (perpendicular to Z axis)
■ G820 – default: 0°/180° (parallel to Z axis)
Q: Type of retraction after machining – default: 0
n Q=0: return to starting point (G810: first X and then Z direction;
G820: first Z and then X direction)
■ Q=1: position in front of finished contour
■ Q=2: move to clearance height and stop

Continued 65
 V: Machining chamfers/roundings at start/end of contour – default: 0
chamfer/rounding is machined:
■ V=0: at beginning and end
■ V=1: at beginning
■ V=2: at end
■ V=3: no machining at start or end
■ V=4: only single chamfers/roundings are machined – not the
Contour-determined

base element (requirement: the contour consists of a contour

element)
D: Omit element (influences the machining of undercuts, free
rotations: see table) – default: 0
turning cycles

B: Slide feed for 4-axis machining

■ B=0: Both slides work on the same diameter – at double feed
rate
■ B<>0: Distance from the ”leading” slide (the lead). The slides
work at equal feed rate on different diameters.
■ B<0: The slides with larger number leads
■ B>0: The slide with smaller number leads. Contour face roughing G820

• Cutter radius is compensated

• Offsets (G57/G58): are effective
D G22 G23 G23 G25 G25 G25 • On 4-axis cycles, ensure that the tools are
identical (tool type, cutting edge radius,
= H0 H1 H4 H5/6 H7..9
cutting edge angle, etc.).
0 • • • • • •
1 • • • – – –
2 • • – • • •
3 • • – – – –
4 • • – – • –
„•“: Hide elements

66
Contour-parallel roughing G830
G830 machines (roughs) the contour area defined by ”NS, NE” parallel
to the contour.
Parameters
NS, NE: Starting block number, end block number (from the contour
description)

Contour-determined
P: Maximum approach - Maximum infeed distance
I, K: Allowances (I diameter value) – default: 0

turning cycles
X/Z: Cutting limit (X diameter value)
A, W: Approach angle, departure angle (reference: Z axis)
■ Approach angle – default: 0°/180° (parallel to Z axis)
■ Departure angle – default: 90°/270° (perpendicular to Z axis)
Q: Type of retraction after machining – default: 0
■ Q=0: return to starting point (first X and then Z direction)
■ Q=1: position in front of finished contour
■ Q=2: move to clearance height and stop ■ V=1: at beginning
V: Machining chamfers/roundings at start/end of contour – default: ■ V=2: at end
0; chamfer/rounding is machined: ■ V=3: no machining at start or end
■ V=0: at beginning and end ■ V=4: only single chamfers/roundings are
machined – not the base element
(requirement: the contour consists of a
D G22 G23 G23 G25 G25 G25 contour element)
= H0 H1 H4 H5/6 H7..9 D: Omit element (influences the machining of
undercuts, free rotations: see table) – default: 0
0 • • • • • •
• Cutter radius compensation: is carried out
1 • • • – – –
• Offsets (G57/G58): are effective
2 • • – • • •
3 • • – – – –
4 • • – – • –

„•“: Skipping elements

67
 Contour-parallel with neutral tool G835
G835 machines the contour area defined by ”NS, NE” parallel to the
contour and bidirectionally.
Parameters
NS, NE: Starting and end block numbers (reference to contour section)
Contour-determined

P: Maximum approach - Maximum infeed distance

I, K: Allowances (I diameter value) – default: 0
X/Z: Cutting limit (X diameter value)
turning cycles

A, W: Approach angle, departure angle (reference: Z axis)

n Approach angle – default: 0°/180° (parallel to Z axis)
n Departure angle – default: 90°/270° (perpendicular to Z axis)
Q: Type of retraction after machining – default: 0
n Q=0: return to starting point (first X and then Z direction)
n Q=1: position in front of finished contour
n Q=2: move to clearance height and stop n V=1: at beginning
V: Machining chamfers/roundings at start/end of contour – default: 0 n V=2: at end
chamfer/rounding is machined: n V=3: no machining at start or end
n V=0: at beginning and end n V=4: only single chamfers/roundings are
machined – not the base element
(requirement: the contour must consist of one
D G22 G23 G23 G25 G25 G25 element)
= H0 H1 H4 H5/6 H7..9 D: Skip the element (influences the machining of
undercuts, free rotations: see table) – default: 0
0 • • • • • •
1 • • • – – – • Cutter radius compensation: is carried out
2 • • – • • • • Offsets (G57/G58): are effective
3 • • – – – –
4 • • – – • –

„•“: Skipping elements

68
Recessing G860
G860 machines (indents) the contour area defined by ”NS, NE” axially/
radially.
Parameters
NS, NE: Starting block number, end block number (reference on contour
section or NS = reference on a recess described with G22-/G23-

Contour-determined
Geo)
I, K: Allowances (I diameter value) – default: 0
Q: Sequence – default: 0

turning cycles
n Q=0: roughing and finishing
n Q=1: roughing only
n Q=2: finishing only
X/Z: Cutting limit (X diameter value)
V: Machining chamfers/roundings at start/end of contour – default: 0
chamfer/rounding is machined:
n V=0: at beginning and end
n V=1: at beginning
n V=2: at end
n V=3: no machining
E: Finishing feed rate – no input: active feed rate
H: Retraction at end of cycle – default: 0
n H=0: return to starting point (axial recess: first Z and then X
direction; radial recess: first X and then Z direction)
n H=1: position in front of the finished contour
n H=2: move to safety clearance and stop
• Cutter radius compensation: is carried out
• Offsets (G57/G58): are effective

69
 Recessing cycle G866
G866 makes a recess defined with G22-Geo
Calculation of the cut segmentation (SBF: see machining parameter 6):
Maximum offset = SBF * cutting edge width
Parameters
Contour-determined

NS: Block number (reference to G22-Geo)

I: Allowance (with precutting) – default: 0
■ I=0: recess is machined in one run
turning cycles

■ I>0: precutting is carried out in the first run; and finishing in the
second
E: Dwell time – no input: corresponds to a spindle revolution
■ With I=0: for each recess
■ With I>0: only during finishing

• Cutter radius compensation: is carried out

• Allowances: are not considered

70
Recess turning cycle G869
G869 machines the contour described by ”NS, NE” axially and radially
with alternating recessing and roughing movements.
Parameters
NS, NE: Starting block number, end block number (from the contour
description)

Contour-determined
P: Maximum approach - Maximum infeed distance
R: Turning depth compensation for finishing – default: 0

turning cycles
I, K: Allowances (I diameter value) – default: 0
X/Z: Cutting limit (X diameter value)
A, W: Approach angle, departure angle – default: opposite from the
recessing direction
Q: Sequence – default: 0
n Q=0: roughing and finishing
n Q=1: roughing only
n Q=2: finishing only
U: Direction of turning – default: 0 E: Finishing feed rate – no input: active feed rate
n U=0: Bidirectional turning
n U=1: Unidirectional turning in direction of contour B: Offset width – default: 0
H: Retraction at end of cycle – default: 0 • Cycle G869 requires type 26* tools.
n H=0: return to starting point (axial recess: first Z and then X • Cutter radius compensation: is performed
direction; radial recess: first X and then Z direction)
n H=1: position in front of the finished contour • Offsets (G57/G58): are effective
n H=2: move to safety clearance and stop
V: Machining chamfers/roundings at start/end of contour – default: 0
chamfer/rounding is machined:
n V=0: At beginning and end
n V=1: At beginning
n V=2: At end
n V=3: No machining
O: Recessing feed rate – default: active feed rate

71
 Contour finishing G890
G890 finishes the contour area defined by ”NS, NE” parallel to the
contour.
Parameters
NS, NE: Starting block number, end block number (from the contour
Contour-determined

description)
E: Approach behavior
n E=0: descending contours are not machined
nÿE>0: approach behavior
turning cycles

n no input: feed rate reduced depending on approach angle –

maximum reduction: 50%
V: Machining chamfers/roundings at start/end of contour – default:
0; chamfer/rounding is machined:
n V=0: at beginning and end
nÿV=1: at beginning
nÿV=2: at end
nÿV=3: no machining at start or end H: Type of retraction – default: 3
nÿV=4: only single chamfers/roundings are machined – not the tool lifts off under 45° in the opposite direction
base element (requirement: the contour consists of a contour to machining and moves as follows to the
element) position ”I, K”:
Q: Type of approach – default: 0 nÿH=0: diagonal
nÿQ=0: automatic selection – the CNC PILOT checks the nÿH=1: first X, then Z direction
possibilities for approach: nÿH=2: first Z, then X direction
– diagonal approach nÿH=3: remains at safety clearance
– first X direction, then Z nÿH=4: no retraction movement – tool remains
– equidistant around the barrier at the end coordinate
– Omission of the first contour element if the start position is X/Z: Cutting limit (X diameter value) - no input: no
inaccessible limit
nÿQ=1: First in X direction, then Z D: Omit element (influences the machining of
nÿQ=2: First in Z direction, then X undercuts, free rotations and recesses: see
nÿQ=3: No approach – tool is in the proximity of the starting table) – default: 1
point of the contour section
nÿQ=4: Residual finishing

72 Continued
I, K: End point which is approached at the end of D G22 G23 G23 G25 G25 G25 G25
the cycle – except for H=3 or 4 (I diameter
value) Form (H0) (H1) U E, F G, H K
O: Feed rate reduction – default: 0 0 – – – – – – –
nÿO=0: No feed rate reduction
nÿO=1: Feed rate reduction active 1 – – • – • • •
2 – – • – – – –

Contour-determined
During residual finishing (G890 – Q4), the 3 – – – – • • •
CNC PILOT, checks whether the tool can 4 – – • – – • •

turning cycles
access the contour recess without collision.
The tool parameter ”width dn” is the basis 5 – – • – • • –
of this collision check. 6 – – • – • – –
7 • • • • • • •

„•“: Skipping elements

Other D codes for skipping undercuts/recesses:

G-call Function D code
G22 Gasket recess 512
G22 Retaining ring recess 1.024
G23 H0 General recess 256
G23 H1 Free rotation 2.048
G23 H4 Undercut form U 32.768
G23 H5 Undercut form E 65.536
G23 H6 Undercut form F 131.072
G23 H7 Undercut form G 262.144
G23 H8 Undercut form H 524.288
G23 H9 Undercut form K 1.048.576

73
 Thread cycle G31
G31 machines threads defined with G24-Geo, G34-Geo or G37-Geo.
G31 also machines successions of threads and multiple threads.
Chamfer length, overrun length: If you do not program ”B, P”,the
CNC PILOT will automatically determine the lengths from adjacent
undercuts or axis-parallel recesses. If no undercut/recess exists, the
Thread cycle group

chamfer and overrun lengths from Machining Parameter 7 will be used.

Parameters
NS: Block number (from the finished part description containing the
basic block G1-Geo for thread contour definition)
I: Maximum approach - Maximum infeed distance
B, P: Chamfer length, overrun length
D: Cutting direction (reference: defined direction for basic element)
– default: 0;
■ D=0: same direction
■ D=1: opposite direction
• ”Feed rate stop” becomes effective only
V: Type of feed – default: 0;
■ V=0: constant cross section for all cuts
at the end of a thread cut.
■ V=1: constant feed • Feed rate override is not effective.
■ V=2: with distribution of remaining cut – if the division thread • Do not use the spindle override if the
depth/feed provides a remainder, the first feed is reduced. The feedforward is switched off!
last cut is divided into four partial cuts: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/8.
■ V=3: without remaining cut division – feed is calculated from Danger of collision!
pitch and speed
An excessive overrun length P can cause
H: Type of offset – default: 0
■ H=0: no offset
collision. You can check the overrun length in
■ H=1: offset to the left the simulation.
■ H=2: offset to the right
■ H=3: offset alternating left and right
Q: Number of air cuts after the last cut – default: 0
C: Starting angle – default: 0

74
Simple thread cycle G32
G32 cuts a simple thread in any desired direction and position (longitu-
dinal, tapered or transverse thread; internal or external thread). G32
calculates the thread to be cut from the ”thread end point,” ”thread
depth” and the current tool position.
Parameters

Thread cycle group

X, Z: End point of thread (X diameter)
F: Thread pitch
P: Thread depth
I: Cutting depth
B: Remainder cut – default: 0
■ B=0: division of the last cut into 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/8 cut.
■ B=1: no remaining cut division
Q: Number of air cuts after the last cut – default: 0
K: Runout length – default: 0 (see G33)
W: Taper angle (range: –45° < W < 45°) – default: 0; position of the
taper thread with reference to longitudinal or transverse axis. • ”Feed rate stop” becomes effective only
■ W>0: Rising contour (in machining direction) at the end of a thread cut.
■ W<0: Falling contour
• Feed rate override is not effective.
C: Starting angle – default: 0 • Spindle override is not effective.
H: Type of offset – default: 0 • Create thread with G95 (feed rate per
■ H=0: no offset
■ H=1: offset to the left
revolution).
■ H=2: offset to the right • Look-ahead control is switched off.
■ H=3: offset alternating left and right

75
 Individual thread cut G33
G33 cuts threads in any desired direction and position (longitudinal,
tapered or transverse threads; internal or external threads). The thread
starts at the current tool position and ends at ”X, Z”.
Parameters
X, Z: Diameter, length to end point of thread (X diameter)
Thread cycle group

F: Feed rate per revolution (thread pitch)

B, P: Chamfer length, overrun length – default: 0 (see G33)
C: Starting angle – default: 0
Q: Number of the spindle
H: Reference direction for spindle pitch - default: 0
■ H=0: Feed rate on Z axis (for longitudinal and tapered threads
up to a maximum angle of +45°/–45° to Z axis
■ H=1: Feed rate in X axis (for transverse and taper threads up
to a maximum angle of 45°/–45° to the X axis
■ H=2: Feed rate in Y axis Calculation of chamfer (run-in) length:
■ H=3: contouring feed rate
E: Variable pitch (increases/reduces the pitch per revolution by E) – BA > 0.75 * (F*S)² / a + 0.15
default: 0
Calculation of runout length:
• ”Feed rate stop” becomes effective only at the end of a BE > 0.75 * (F*S)² / e + 0.15
thread cut.
• Feed rate override is not effective. BA: Minimum run-in length
• Do not use the spindle override if the feedforward is BE: Minimum runout length
switched off! F: Spindle pitch in mm/revolution
• Create thread with G95 (feed rate per revolution). S: Speed in revolutions/second
a, e: Acceleration in mm/s² (a = ”acceleration at
Calculation of ”thread run-in/runout distances” start of block”; e = ”acceleration at end of
The slide requires a run-in distance to accelerate to the programmed block” from Machine Parameter 1105, ff)
feed rate before starting the actual thread, and a runout distance at the
end of the thread to decelerate again.

76
Tapping cycle G36
G36 can be used for axial and radial threads using driven or stationary
tools. Depending on ”X/Z”, G36 decides whether a radial or n axial
thread will be machined.
Parameters
X: Diameter – end point of thread for axial machining

Drilling cycle group

Z: Length – end point of thread with radial machining
F: Feed per revolution - thread pitch
Q: Number of spindle - default: 0 (main spindle)
B: Chamfer length (see G33)
H: Reference direction for thread pitch – default: 0
■ H=0: Feed rate on the Z axis
■ H=1: Feed rate on the X axis
■ H=2: Feed rate on the Y axis
■ H=3: Contour feed rate
S: Retraction speed
default: Same spindle speed as for tapping

• ”Cycle STOP” becomes effective only at the end of a thread

cut.
• Feed rate override is not effective.
• Do not use spindle override !
• With uncontrolled tool drive, a floating tap holder is required.

77
 Simple drilling cycle G71
G71 is used for axial and radial boring on the end faces or lateral
surface using driven or stationary tools.
The cycle is used for:
■ A single hole without contour description
■ Boring with contour description (single hole or hole pattern)
Drilling cycle group

Parameters
NS: Contour block number with boring geometry (G49, G300- or
G310-Geo) – no input: single hole without contour description
X, Z: Position, length – end points of axial/radial hole (X diameter)
E: Delay time in seconds (dwell time for chip breaking at end of
hole) – default: 0
V: Feed rate reduction (50%) – default: 0
■ V=0 or 2: Feed rate reduction at start
■ V=1 or 3: Feed rate reduction at start and end
■ V=4: Feed rate reduction at end
■ V=5: No feed rate reduction
Exception for V=0 and V=1: No feed rate reduction when • Single hole without contour description:
boring/drilling with indexable inserts and twist drills with 180° Program „X or Z“ as alternative.
angle • Hole with contour description: Do not pro-
D: Retraction speed – default: 0 gram „X, Z“.
■ D=0: Rapid traverse
■ D=1: Feed rate • Hole pattern: ”NS” refers to the bore hole
contour (and not the definition of the
K: Retraction level (radial holes and holes in the YZ plane: Diameter)
– No input: Tool moves to starting position or safety clearance pattern).

78
Boring, sinking G72
G72 can be used for boring, sinking, reaming, tapping or centering on
the end faces or lateral surface using driven or stationary tools.
Parameters
NS: Contour block number with boring geometry (G49, G300- or
G310-Geo)

Drilling cycle group

E: Delay (dwell time for chip breaking at end of hole)
default: 0
D: Retraction speed – default: 0
nÿD=0: Rapid traverse
nÿD=1: Feed rate
K: Retraction level (radial hole: diameter) – no input: tool returns to
starting position/moves to clearance height

Hole pattern: ”NS” points to the contour of the hole (not to the
pattern definition).

79
 Tapping G73
G73 can be used for axial and radial threads using driven or stationary
tools.
Parameters
NS: Contour block number with boring geometry (G49, G300- or
G310-Geo)
Drilling cycle group

B: Chamfer length – default: Machining Parameter 7 ”Thread

chamfer length [GAL]”
S: Retraction speed – default: tapping speed
K: Retraction level (radial holes and holes in the YZ plane: Diameter)
– No input: Tool moves to starting position or safety clearance
J: Pull-out length during use of collets with length compensation –
default: 0

• Hole pattern: ”NS” refers to the bore hole contour (and not
the definition of the pattern).
• ”Cycle STOP” only becomes effective at the end of a thread cut.
• Feed rate override is not effective.
• Do not use spindle override !

80
Deep drilling G74
G74 can be used for axial and radial holes on the end faces or lateral
surface using driven or stationary tools. The hole is drilled in several
passes.
The cycle is used for:
■ A single hole without contour description

Drilling cycle group

■ Boring with contour description (single hole or hole pattern)

Parameters
NS: Contour block number with boring geometry (G49, G300- or
G310-Geo) – no input: single hole without contour description
X, Z: Position, length – end points of axial/radial holes (X diameter)
P: 1st drilling depth
I: Reduction value – default: 0
B: Return distance
default: Retract to ”starting point of hole” K: Retraction level (radial holes: diameter) – no
input: tool returns to starting position/moves
J: Minimum hole depth - default: 1/10 of P
to clearance height
E: Delay (dwell time for chip breaking at end of hole)
default: 0
V: Feed rate reduction (50%) – default: 0 • Single hole without contour description:
■ V=0 or 2: Feed rate reduction at start Program „X or Z“ as alternative.
■ V=1 or 3: Feed rate reduction at start and end • Hole with contour description: Do not pro-
■ V=4: Feed rate reduction at end gram „X, Z“.
■ V=5: No feed rate reduction • Hole pattern: ”NS” refers to the bore hole
Exception for V=0 and V=1: No feed rate reduction when
boring/drilling with indexable inserts and twist drills with 180° contour (and not the definition of the
angle pattern).
D: Retraction speed and infeed within the hole – default: 0 • A ”feed rate reduction at end” goes into
■ D=0: Rapid traverse effect only at the last drilling stage.
■ D=1: Feed rate

81
 Reference diameter G120
G120 determines the reference diameter of the unrolled cylindrical
surface. G120 is necessary if you are using ”CY” (with G110...G113).
G120 is a modular function.
Parameters
X: Diameter

Datum shift in C axis (absolute) G152

G152 defines a datum shift for the C axis (reference: Machine Parame-
ter 1005, ff ”Reference point C axis”). The datum is valid until the end
C axis

of the program.
Parameters
C: Angle of the new C-axis datum

Standardize C axis G153

G153 resets a traverse angle >360° or <0° to the corresponding angle
modulo 360° – without moving the C axis.

G153 is used only for cylindrical surface machining. An

automatic modulo 360° function is carried out on the end faces.

82
Rapid traverse on end face G100
The tool moves at rapid traverse along the shortest path to the ”end
point.”

Front/end face machining

Parameters
X, C: End point, end angle
XK,YK: End point
Z: end points

Program either X, C or XK, YK.

Linear segment on end face G101

The tool moves at the programmed feed rate on a line to the ”end
point.”
Parameters
X, C: End point, end angle
XK,YK: End point
Z: End depth – default: current Z position

Program either X, C or XK, YK.

83
 Circular arc on end face G102 / G103
The tool moves in a circular arc at the feed rate to the ”end point.”
Parameters
Front/end face machining

X, C: End point, end angle

XK,YK: End point
R: Radius
I, J: Center point (in Cartesian coordinates)
Z: End depth – default: current Z position
H: Circular plane (working plane) – default:
■ H=0, 1: normal facing (XY plane)
■ H=2: Machining in YZ plane
■ H=3: Machining in XZ plane
K: Midpoint (Z-direction) – only for H=2, 3

• Program either X, C or XK, YK. Circular arc G102

• Program either center or radius.
• Radius input: circular arc only possible † 180°
• If the end point is the original coordinate starting point, enter
XK=0 and YK=0.

84 Circular arc G103

Rapid traverse on cylindrical surface G110

Cylindrical surface machining

The tool moves at rapid traverse along the shortest path to the ”end
point.”
Parameters
Z, C: End point, end angle
CY: End point as linear value (referenced to unrolled reference
diameter G120)
X: End point (diameter)

Program either Z, C or Z, CY.

Linear movement on the cylindrical surface G111

The tool moves at the programmed feed rate on a line to the ”end
point.”
Parameters
Z, C: End point, end angle
CY: End point as linear value (referenced to unrolled reference
diameter G120)
X: End depth (diameter value) – default: current X-position

Program either Z, C or Z, CY.

85
 Circular arc on lateral surface G112 / G113
The tool moves in a circular arc at the feed rate to the ”end point.”
Parameters
Z, C: End point, end angle
CY: End point as linear value (referenced to unrolled reference
diameter G120)
Cylindrical surface

R: Radius
K, W: Position, angle to midpoint
J: Center point coordinate as a linear value (referenced to unrolled
G120 reference diameter)
machining

X: End depth (diameter value) – default: current X-position

• Program either Z, C or Z and CY, or K, W or K and J.

• Program either center or radius.
• If you program a radius, the arc size cannot exceed 180°. Circular arc G112

86 Circular arc G113

Contour milling G840
G840 mills, finishes, engraves or deburrs figures or ”free contours”
(open or closed).
Parameters
Q: Cycle type (= milling location)
nÿQ=0: milling center on the contour (without radius
compensation)
nÿQ=1 – closed contour: inside milling
nÿQ=1 – open contour: left in machining direction
nÿQ=2 – closed contour: outside milling
nÿQ=2 – open contour: right in machining direction
nÿQ=3 (only with open contours): It depends on the ”cutting
direction H” and the direction of tool rotation whether the tool

Milling
cuts from the left or right of the contour.
NS: Block number – Beginning of contour section
nÿFigures: Block number of the Figure
nÿ”free contour” (open or closed): first contour element (not
starting point).
NE: Block number – End of contour section
nÿFigures: no entry
nÿClosed contours: entry unnecessary
nÿOpen contours: last contour element to be milled
nÿContour consists of one element: entry unnecessary
H: Cutting direction – default: 0
nÿH=0: up-cut milling
nÿH=1: climb milling
I: (Maximum) infeed – no entry: milling in one infeed
F: Feed rate for infeed – default: active feed rate
E: Reduced feed rate for circular elements – no entry: current feed
rate

87
 R: Radius of approaching/departing arc – default: 0
nÿR=0: contour element is approached directly; feed to starting
point above the milling plane – then vertical plunge
nÿR>0: Tool moves on an approaching/departing arc that
connects tangentially to the contour element.
nÿR<0 for inside corners: tool moves on an approaching/
departing arc that connects tangentially to the contour element.
nÿR<0 for outside corners: length of linear approaching/departing
element; contour element is approached/departed tangentially.
P: Milling depth
nÿMilling, finishing – no entry: milling depth from the contour
description
nÿDeburring: plunging depth of the tool
K: Return plane – no input: Tool returns to the starting position
nÿFront or rear face: Return position in Z direction
Milling

nÿlateral surface: Return position in X direction (diameter)

B: Chamfer width for deburring the upper edges (sign has no
significance)
J: Preparation diameter (tool diameter from machining)
nÿRequired for deburring of open contours.
nÿNot required, if diameter of deburring tool = diameter of milling
tool.
D, V: Beginning, end of element number for figures (only if partial
figures are machined)

See the ”CNC PILOT 4290 User's Manual” for the figure
element numbers.

88
Pocket milling – roughing G845
Pocket milling – finishing G846
G845 roughs, G846 finishes closed contours and figures.
Parameters
NS: Block number (reference to contour section)
P: (Maximum) milling depth (infeed in the working plane)
R: Radius of approaching/departing arc – default: 0 (only with G846)
nÿR=0: contour element is approached directly; feed to approach
point above the milling plane – then perpendicular feed to
plunging depth
nÿR>0: mill moves along approaching/departing arc, which
connects tangentially with the contour element

Milling
I, K: Allowance in X, Z direction (only with G845)
U: (minimum) overlap factor – overlap of tool paths (overlap = U*
cutter diameter) – default: 0.5
V: Overrun factor – has no significance for machining with the C
axis
H: Cutting direction – default: 0
nÿH=0: up-cut milling
nÿH=1: climb milling
F: Feed rate for infeed – default: active feed rate
E: Reduced feed rate for circular elements – no entry: current feed
rate
J: Return plane – no input: Tool returns to the starting position
nÿFront or rear face: Return position in Z direction
nÿlateral surface: Return position in X direction (diameter)
Q: Machining direction – default: 0
nÿQ=0: from the inside toward the outside
nÿQ=1: from the outside toward the inside

89
 Period of dwell G4 Switch off protection zone G60
The CNC PILOT interrupts the program run for the programmed length resets protection zone monitoring. G60 is
of time before executing the next program block. If G4 is programmed programmed before the traversing command that is
together with a path of traverse in the same block, the dwell time only to be monitored or not monitored.
becomes effective after the path of traverse has been executed.
Parameters
Parameters Q: ■ No input: Deactivate protective zone
F: Period of dwell monitoring for this block
Other G Functions

Range: 0 sec < F < 99.999 sec ■ Q=0: Activate protective zone (modal)
■ Q=1: Deactivate protective zone (modal)
Precision stop ON G7
G7 switches the ”precision stop” on modally. With a precision stop the
CNC PILOT does not run the following block until the last point has
been reached in the tolerance window for position (tolerance window:
machine parameter 1106, ff ”position control for linear axis”).
A precision stop affects single contours and cycles. The NC block
containing G7 is also executed with a precision stop.

Precision stop OFF G8

G8 switches the precision stop off. The block containing G8 is executed
without a precision stop.

Block precision stop G9

G9 activates a precision stop for the NC block in which it is
programmed (see also ”G7”).

90
Chuck selection G65
G65 shows the chuck in the simulation. G65 must be programmed
separately for every chuck. G65 H.. without X, Z deletes the chuck.
Chucks are described in the database and are defined in CLAMPING
DEVICE (H=1..3).
”Q” determines the degree and the type of clamping (external or

Other G Functions
internal).
Parameters
H: Chuck number (H=1..3: Reference to CLAMPING DEVICE)
X, Z: Starting point – Position of the chuck reference point (X
diameter) – Reference: workpiece datum
D: Spindle number (reference: ”CLAMPING DEVICE” section)
Q: Grip form for chuck jaws (H=2) – no input: Q from the
”CLAMPING DEVICE” section.

Spindle with workpiece G98

With G98 you can define which spindle is holding the workpiece.
The assignment of workpiece to spindle is necessary for thread cutting,
boring and threading cycles if the workpiece is not being held by the
main spindle.
Parameters
Q: Spindle number – default: 0 (main spindle)

91
 Storing/loading contour follow-up G702 Spindle synchronization G720
G702 Q0 stores the current contour without influencing the contour G720 controls the workpiece transfer from the
follow-up function. master to the slave spindle and synchronizes
functions such as polygonal turning jobs.
G702 Q1 loads the stored contour; follow-up continues with the new
contour. Where: Q * master speed = F * slave speed
Parameters Parameters
Other G Functions

Q: Store/load current contour S: Number of the master spindle [1..4]

■ Q=0: store H: Number of the slave spindle [1..4] – no input or
■ Q=1: load H=0: Switches off the spindle synchronization
C: Offset angle [°] – default: 0°
Q: Master speed factor – default: 1;
Range: –100 † Q † 100
F: Slave speed factor – default: Q take effect;
Range: –100 † F † 100

Regeneration of the contour G703 C-angle offset G905

If changeable variables are used during run-time conditions ”{V...},” CNC G905 measures the angular offset which occurs
PILOT switches off the contour regeneration function within an IF pro- during workpiece transfer with a ”rotating spindle”.
gram branch and during a WHILE loop. It is switched on again after The programmed ”angle C” is added to the
ENDIF/ENDWHILE. measured offset and becomes effective as the
datum shift value for the C axis.
With G703 you can switch on the contour regeneration function for
THEN or ELSE branches. Parameters
Q: Number of the C axis
Parameters
Q: Contour regeneration On/Off C: Angle of additional datum shift for displaced
nÿQ=0: Off infeed – Range: –360° † C † 360°; default: 0°
nÿQ=1: On
92
Look-ahead G918 Zero point shifts, deactivating tool
Look-ahead control can be switched On/Off with G918. G918 is lengths G921
programmed in a separate NC block before/after thread machining G921 ”deactivates” the workpiece datum, all datum
(G31, G32, G33). shifts and the tool dimensions. Traverse paths and
Parameters position values are referenced to the distance slide
Q: Look-ahead On/Off – default: 1 reference point – machine datum.
nÿQ=0: off

Other G Functions
nÿQ=1: on

Spindle override 100% G919 Activate zero point shifts G980

The spindle override function can be switched On/Off with G919. G980 activates the workpiece datum and all datum
shifts.
Parameters
Q: Spindle number – default: 0 Traverse paths and position values are now
H: Type of limit – default: 0 referenced to the distance tool tip – workpiece
■ H=0: switch on spindle override datum, while taking the datum shifts into
■ H=1: switch spindle override to 100% – modular consideration.
■ H=2: switch spindle override to 100% – for the current NC
block

Deactivating zero point shifts G920 Zero point shifts, activating tool lengths
G920 deactivates the workpiece zero point and all zeto point shifts. Tra- G981
verse paths and position values are referenced to the distance tool tip G981 activates the workpiece datum, all datum shifts
– machine datum. and the tool dimensions.
Traverse paths and position values are now
referenced to the distance tool tip – workpiece
datum, while taking the datum shifts into
consideration.
93
 Subprograms The parameter ”LN” is reserved for the
Calling a subprogram: L“12345678“ V1 transfer of block numbers. This parameter
may receive a new value when the NC pro-
Meaning: gram is renumbered.
nÿExternal subprograms are defined in a separate file. They can be
called from any main program, other subprograms, or from TURN
PLUS.
nÿLocal subprograms are in the same file as the main program. They
can only be called from the main program.
nÿSubprograms can be ”nested” up to 6 times. Nesting means that
Subprograms

another subprogram is called from within a subprogram.

nÿRecursion should be avoided.
nÿYou can add up to 20 „transfer values“ to a subprogram. The
designations (parameter designations) are:
LA..LF, LH, I, J, K, O, P, R, S, U, W, X, Y, Z.
The transfer values are available as variables within the subprogram.
The identification code is: „#__..“, followed by the parameter
designation in lower-case letters (for example: #__la).
You can use the transfer values when programming with variables
within the subprogram.
nÿThe variables #256..#285 are available in every subprogram as local
variables.
nÿIf a subprogram is to be executed repeatedly, enter the number of
times the subprogram is to be repeated in the parameter ”number
repeats Q.”
nÿA subprogram ends with RETURN.

94